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1. Chemical inactivation of two non-enveloped viruses results in distinct thermal unfolding patterns and morphological alterations

Author

Pankhuri Narula, Milan Kumar Lokshman, Sandip B. Pathak, Sayandip Mukherjee, and Manidipa Banerjee

Subjects
Non-enveloped viruses, Human adenovirus, Feline calicivirus, Chemical inactivation, Calorimetry, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Background Non-enveloped viruses, which lack a lipid envelope, display higher resistance to disinfectants, soaps and sanitizers compared to enveloped viruses. The capsids of these viruses are highly stable and symmetric protein shells that resist inactivation by commonly employed virucidal agents. This group of viruses include highly transmissible human pathogens such as Rotavirus, Poliovirus, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus, Norovirus and Adenovirus; thus, devising appropriate strategies for chemical disinfection is essential. Results In this study, we tested a mild, hypoallergenic combination of a denaturant, alcohol, and organic acid (3.2% citric acid, 1% urea and 70% ethanol, pH4) on two representative non-enveloped viruses – Human Adenovirus 5 (HAdV5) and Feline Calicivirus (FCV)– and evaluated the pathways of capsid neutralization using biophysical methods. The conformational shifts in the capsid upon chemical treatment were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), while the morphological alterations were visualized concurrently using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). We found that while treatment of purified HAdV5 particles with a formulation resulted in thermal instability and, large scale aggregation; similar treatment of FCV particles resulted in complete collapse of the capsids. Further, while individual components of the formulation caused significant damage to the capsids, a synergistic action of the whole formulation was evident against both non-enveloped viruses tested. Conclusions The distinct effects of the chemical treatment on the morphology of HAdV5 and FCV suggests that non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral geometry can follow different morphological pathways to inactivation. Synergistic effect of whole formulation is more effective compared to individual components. Molecular level understanding of inactivation pathways may result in the design and development of effective mass-market formulations for rapid neutralization of non-enveloped viruses.

Published
2024
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2. Development of a pseudo-typed virus particle based method to determine the efficacy of virucidal agents

Author

Jordan Thomas, Farah Mughal, Kelly J. Roper, Aurelia Kotsiri, Wejdan Albalawi, Abdullateef Alshehri, Yugandhar B. S. Reddy, Sayandip Mukherjee, Georgios Pollakis, William A. Paxton, and Michael Hoptroff

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The ongoing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the threat that viral outbreaks pose to global health. A key tool in the arsenal to prevent and control viral disease outbreaks is disinfection of equipment and surfaces with formulations that contain virucidal agents (VA). However, assessment of the efficacy of virus inactivation often requires live virus assays or surrogate viruses such as Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA), which can be expensive, time consuming and technically challenging. Therefore, we have developed a pseudo-typed virus (PV) based approach to assess the inactivation of enveloped viruses with a fast and quantitative output that can be adapted to emerging viruses. Additionally, we have developed a method to completely remove the cytotoxicity of virucidal agents while retaining the required sensitivity to measure PV infectivity. Our results indicated that the removal of cytotoxicity was an essential step to accurately measure virus inactivation. Further, we demonstrated that there was no difference in susceptibility to virus inactivation between PVs that express the envelopes of HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A/Indonesia. Therefore, we have developed an effective and safe alternative to live virus assays that enables the rapid assessment of virucidal activity for the development and optimization of virucidal reagents.

Published
2024
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3. SG-APSIC1050: Personal care formulations prove effective against evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for public health and hygiene

Author

Sayandip Mukherjee, Carol K Vincent, Harshinie W Jayasekera, and Ashish S Yekhe

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Objectives: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, global health authorities identified and emphasized the importance of practicing proper hand hygiene to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and to diminish the chances of becoming infected. It is well established in the scientific literature that surfactants and alcohols are capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. However, given the novel nature of the virus, Unilever adopted an evidence-based approach to demonstrate virucidal efficacy of marketed bar soaps, liquid handwashes, and alcohol-based hand sanitizers against the original and selected variants of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: High titers of clinically isolated and laboratory-propagated SARS-CoV-2 strains were subjected to a range of selected proprietary formulations from Unilever at end-user–relevant dilutions, temperature, and contact duration, and were tested according to the internationally recognized ASTM E-1052 test protocol. Results: All tested personal-care formulations were effective against the parental SARS-CoV-2 strain as well as the β (beta) and δ (delta) variants of concern. More specifically, bar soaps with a varying concentration of total fatty matter content and liquid handwashes with varying levels of total surfactants reduced the viral titer by >99.9% within 20 seconds. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers demonstrated >99.99% reduction of input viral load within 15 seconds of contact with the viral inoculum. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have provided empirical proof that well-designed personal-care formulations that act through generic physicochemical mechanism against the basic structure of the virus particle have high virucidal efficacy against the original and evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, we argue that due to the broad-spectrum mode of action of these tested formulations, the continued practice of good hand hygiene practices with everyday products holds significant promise as an easily accessible, economic, and effective nontherapeutic public health intervention toward reducing the transmission of present and future variants of SARS-CoV-2 across communities and populations.

Published
2023
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4. Personal care formulations demonstrate virucidal efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: Implications for hand hygiene and public health

Author

Sayandip Mukherjee, Carol K. Vincent, Harshinie W. Jayasekera, and Ashish Shrikant Yekhe

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Despite considerable progress being made on vaccine roll out, practicing proper hand hygiene has been advocated as a consistent precautionary intervention against the circulating and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Two variants of concern, namely beta and delta, have been shown to exhibit enhanced transmissibility, high viral load, and ability to escape antibody-mediated neutralization. In this report we have empirically determined the efficacy of selected personal care formulations from Unilever in inactivating the beta and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 under simulated real-life conditions. All the formulations demonstrated greater than 99.9% reduction in viral infective titres which is comparable to inactivation of the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus tested under the same conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that well-designed personal care formulations when tested under consumer-centric conditions, and with proven efficacy against the parent strain of SARS-CoV-2 will continue to be effective against extant and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2022

5. Antiviral efficacy of personal care formulations against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Author

Carol K. Vincent, Sayandip Mukherjee, Harshinie W. Jayasekera, and Ashish Shrikant Yekhe

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol-based sanitizers, Hand Sanitizers, viruses, media_common.quotation_subject, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030231 tropical medicine, Psychological intervention, Soaps, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hand sanitizer, Hygiene, Humans, Medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, Intensive care medicine, General Nursing, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Proper hand, 0303 health sciences, Personal care, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, body regions, Infectious Diseases, Alcohols, Virus Inactivation, Handwashes, business, Viral load, Research Paper, Hand Disinfection
Abstract

Background Non-therapeutic interventions such as practicing good hand hygiene continue to be the mainstay of protection from SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging respiratory viruses. Methods We have evaluated a range of commercially available personal care products including soaps, handwash liquids and alcohol-based hand sanitizers for antiviral efficacy against a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 using internationally accepted standardized protocols at user-relevant contact time-points and product dilutions. Results All the tested products resulted in 3 to 4 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titer. Conclusion Our data re-affirms recommendations by global public health authorities that proper hand hygiene can reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load significantly which should likely limit spread of the contagion.

Published
2021
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6. CPC-containing oral rinses inactivate SARS-CoV-2 variants and are active in the presence of human saliva

Author

Enyia R. Anderson, Edward I. Patterson, Siobhan Richards, Ana K. Pitol, Thomas Edwards, Dominic Wooding, Kate Buist, Alison Green, Sayandip Mukherjee, Michael Hoptroff, and Grant L. Hughes

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), SARS-CoV-2, Mouthwashes, COVID-19, Cetylpyridinium, General Medicine, Microbiology, body regions, stomatognathic system, wc_506, Humans, qw_160, qy_125, Saliva
Abstract

Introduction.The importance of human saliva in aerosol-based transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is now widely recognized. However, little is known about the efficacy of virucidal mouthwash formulations against emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and in the presence of saliva.Hypothesis.Mouthwashes containing virucidal actives will have similar inactivation effects against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and will retain efficacy in the presence of human saliva.Aim.To examinein vitroefficacy of mouthwash formulations to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 variants.Methodology.Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 variants by mouthwash formulations in the presence or absence of human saliva was assayed using ASTM International Standard E1052-20 methodology.Results.Appropriately formulated mouthwashes containing 0.07 % cetylpyridinium chloride but not 0.2 % chlorhexidine completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta) up to the limit of detection in suspension assays. Tests using USA-WA1/2020 indicates that efficacy is maintained in the presence of human saliva.Conclusions.Together these data suggest cetylpyridinium chloride-based mouthwashes are effective at inactivating SARS-CoV-2 variants. This indicates potential to reduce viral load in the oral cavity and mitigate transmission via salivary aerosols.

Published
2022

7. The Critical Role of Personal Care Formulations in Infection Control: Sustaining Preventive Hygiene Practices for COVID-19 and Future Outbreaks

Author

Sayandip Mukherjee, Harshinie Jayasekera, Carol Vincent, Michael Hoptroff, Ashish Yekhe, and Timothy Tobery

Abstract

The emergence and spread of a novel coronavirus designated as SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 undeniably precipitated the greatest public health disaster of this new millennium. In absence of an available vaccine or virus-specific anti-viral drug, global health authorities issued several public advisories at the beginning of the pandemic and recommended mitigation measures based on the accumulating evidence and growing knowledge of the spread of this respiratory virus largely through airborne droplets and fomites. The recommended measures emphasized practicing respiratory, hand, and surface hygiene to break the chain of infection and reduce transmission of the virus. As a result of these recommendations, consumer products such as soap bars, liquid cleansers, alcohol-based hand sanitizers, oral rinses, and surface cleaners, in addition to masks (surgical, N95, etc) became the most sought-after commodities in markets across the globe. Beyond the public health recommendations, it was incumbent upon the manufacturers of such consumer products to substantiate their product efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and later variants as they emerged, to ensure that the public confidence in the effectiveness of these products was not misplaced. In this article we will review the standard test methodologies and their scientific robustness to determine virucidal efficacy, as well as their relevance to consumer usage; discuss the contributory ingredients in each class of personal care formulations and their mechanisms of virucidal action; and establish the importance of the fully formulated products to ensure they are efficacious under consumer habit-oriented usage. Additionally, we will highlight the impact of hand, body, and oral hygiene practices and compliance in infection control for COVID-19 and their relevance for future outbreaks. Last but not the least, we will provide an overview of the existing regulatory challenges for claiming virucidal benefits from personal care formulations and propose ways in which opportunities to disclose proven benefits of these formulations would be beneficial to the public at large in sustaining efforts towards personal hygiene practices for infection prevention.

Published
2022
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8. Personal care formulations demonstrate virucidal efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: implications for hand hygiene

Author

Carol K. Vincent, Harshinie W. Jayasekera, Ashish Shrikant Yekhe, and Sayandip Mukherjee

Subjects
Immune system, Viral envelope, Pandemic, Virulence, Biology, Mode of action, Virology, Viral load, Virus, Neutralization
Abstract

The second and third waves of COVID-19 pandemic have largely been driven by the surge of successive SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). These VOC have rapidly spread through multiple geographies being enabled by high transmission rates and/or high viral load compared to the original parent strain. Consequently, the altered phenotypes of these VOC have posed greater challenges to diagnostic and clinical management of COVID-19. Despite considerable progress being made on vaccine roll out, practicing proper hand hygiene has been advocated as a consistent precautionary intervention as more virulent VOC continue to emerge and spread across geographies.Two variants of concern, namely beta and delta, have recently been shown to escape antibody-mediated neutralization by virtue of acquired mutations in the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein which binds to the human ACE2 receptor for cellular entry. In this report we have empirically determined the efficacy of a range of personal care formulations in inactivating the beta and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. High titres of these variants were exposed to marketed personal care formulations from Unilever under standard in-vitro suspension test-based conditions relevant to end-user habits. All the formulations demonstrated greater than 99.9% reduction in viral infective titres. The rate of inactivation by these products were comparable to that of the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus tested under the same conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that well-designed personal care formulations when tested under consumer-centric conditions, and with proven efficacy against the parent strain of SARS-CoV-2 will continue to be effective against extant and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. This is through their broad-spectrum mode of action (disruption of lipid bilayer of the host-derived viral envelope, denaturation of envelop and nucleocapsid proteins, and disruption of genome) which is independent of the escape mutations that facilitate immune evasion or enhanced transmissibility.

Published
2021
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9. Virucidal activity of CPC-containing oral rinses against SARS-CoV-2 variants and are active in the presence of human saliva

Author

Enyia R Anderson, Grant L. Hughes, Sayandip Mukherjee, Michael Hoptroff, Siobhan Richards, Edward I Patterson, and Alison Green

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Saliva, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Chemistry, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Chlorhexidine, Cetylpyridinium chloride, Microbiology, body regions, chemistry.chemical_compound, stomatognathic system, medicine, Oral rinses, Oral hygiene products, medicine.drug
Abstract

The role of human saliva in aerosol-based transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the need to understand the potential of oral hygiene products to inactivate the virus. Here we examined the efficacy of mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) or chlorhexidine (CHX) in inactivating SARS-CoV-2. After 30 seconds contact under standard aqueous conditions CPC mouthwashes achieved a ≥4.0log10PFU/mL reduction in SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) titres whereas comparable products containing CHX achieved 10PFU/mL reduction. Further testing with CPC mouthwashes demonstrated efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, with inactivation below the limit of detection observed against the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351) and Gamma (P.1) variants. Virucidal efficacy of CPC mouthwash was also observed in the presence of human saliva with the product delivering ≥4.0log10PFU/mL reduction in SARS-CoV-2 titres after 30 seconds providing additional evidence for the virucidal efficacy of CPC mouthwashes under simulated physiological conditions. Together these data suggest CPC-based mouthwashes are effective at inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and further supports the use of mouthwash to mitigate the risk of transmission during dentistry procedures.

Published
2021
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10. Study of J/ψ meson production inside jets in pp collisions at s=8TeV

Author

Shengquan Tuo, Abhigyan Dasgupta, S. Tkaczyk, David Stuart, Alice Mignerey, A. Benecke, Evgenii Tarkovskii, Seth Cooper, Stefanos Leontsinis, Semra Turkcapar, Linda Finco, Tariq Aziz, M. A. Bhat, C. S. Moon, Dave M Newbold, S. Roy Chowdhury, Colin Jessop, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, Guido Tonelli, Vladimir Epshteyn, Sherif Elgammal, Marguerite Tonjes, David Mark Raymond, Olivier Bondu, E. O. Olaiya, Christophe Delaere, Brian L Winer, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, Matthias Kasemann, Zeljko Antunovic, Piergiulio Lenzi, Marko Dragicevic, Fuqiang Wang, Daniel Marley, Sergey Polikarpov, Justin Pilot, Mingshui Chen, Matthias Komm, Arnab Purohit, Wei Zhang, Simona Cometti, Scott Thomas, Cole Lindsey, Paola Salvini, Petr Moisenz, David Ja Cockerill, Wolfgang Lange, Erik Gottschalk, Andrea Delgado, Duncan Leggat, Georgy Antchev, S. W. Lee, J. D. Richman, Yannik Rath, Predrag Cirkovic, Viola Sordini, A. G. Stahl Leiton, Andrej Saibel, Salvatore My, S. Kaplan, Mehmet Özgür Sahin, Donato Creanza, Marc Dobson, Heiner Tholen, Umberto Dosselli, M. Gola, Giacomo Ortona, J. Taylor, J. Kaspar, Alex Kamenev, Victor Kim, Willem Verbeke, Armando Lanaro, Daniel Bloch, Mohamed Rashad Darwish, George Karathanasis, Erika Garutti, Y. Choi, T. A. Gómez Espinosa, Joscha Knolle, Ioanna Papavergou, David Sperka, Gaelle Boudoul, Wolfgang Funk, Vivek Sharma, Giancarlo Mantovani, Carlo Battilana, Brandon Allen, Wolfgang Waltenberger, Florian Beaudette, Dustin Burns, Alexis Kalogeropoulos, Sezen Sekmen, Daniel Arcaro, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, Q. Wang, James Hirschauer, James Dolen, Z. Liu, Leonid Chtchipounov, Freya Blekman, Ilse Krätschmer, David Michael Morse, G. Hamel de Monchenault, Inseok Yoon, Marek Walczak, T. Boccali, Riccardo Salvatico, Maurizio Pierini, David Cussans, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, Stavros Mallios, James D. Olsen, N. V. Krasnikov, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, Andrea Gelmi, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, K. Osterberg, Urs Langenegger, Aobo Zhang, M. G. Albrow, Christopher Brainerd, Maximilian Heindl, Bora Akgun, Alexander Savin, Aditee Rane, Kai-Feng Chen, Maciej Malawski, Xin Chen, Teresa Rodrigo, Ettore Focardi, M. Finger, Matthieu Marionneau, John Rander, Ulascan Sarica, Maria Toms, Gregor Mittag, Mariana Araujo, J. S. Lange, Mario Maggi, E. A. De Wolf, Salim Cerci, Yuta Takahashi, Adrian Byszuk, Pritam Kalbhor, Rachel Yohay, J. K. Lim, Crisostomo Sciacca, Maxim Goncharov, K. Ehataht, Marco Pieri, F. Simonetto, Sergio P Ratti, Frank Chlebana, Kuntal Mondal, David Fehling, Christoph Garbers, Ian R Tomalin, David Saltzberg, H. Van Haevermaet, Sam Harper, Mykola Savitskyi, Giovanni Organtini, K. Hurtado Anampa, Minseok Oh, Andrés G Delannoy, Christopher Hill, Mikhail Danilov, Alessia Saggio, Vladimir Palichik, Pieter David, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, J. Park, Alexandre Zabi, Caleb Fangmeier, S. M. A. Ghiasi Shirazi, Vinicius Massami Mikuni, Olga Evdokimov, Junghwan Goh, Livio Fanò, Luigi Guiducci, Gregory R Snow, D. R. Mendis, Paolo Spagnolo, P. Gras, Igor Vorobiev, W. Ji, Claudio Quaranta, Igor Volobouev, Özlem Özçelik, Andris Skuja, Ivica Puljak, Martin Delcourt, Lindsey Gray, John Michael Marraffino, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, Kenneth Call, Francesco Fallavollita, Cesar Augusto Bernardes, Jingzhou Zhao, Julie Managan Hogan, Panos A Razis, Devanjali Dutta, Jennifer Chu, J. H. Kim, Viktor Khristenko, John Gabriel Acosta, Gaël Perrin, Umesh Joshi, J. Mejia Guisao, C. Oropeza Barrera, Sioni Summers, Paul Lujan, Sumit Keshri, Alberto Belloni, D. Horvath, Mohsen Naseri, S. Di Guida, Valeria Botta, M. De Palma, V. Monaco, Thomas Esch, Vladimir Popov, Pushpalatha C Bhat, Nadja Strobbe, Jean-Laurent Agram, G. Paspalaki, Anthony Moeller, C. Barth, Andrius Juodagalvis, I. Dremin, Andrey Popov, P. De Castro Manzano, Anthony Lefeld, Aristotelis Kyriakis, Dong Ho Moon, Adam Elwood, Sami Lehti, Adish Vartak, Welathantri Gd Dharmaratna, Pedro Silva, Regina Demina, Reyer Band, Ferenc Sikler, Mauro Verzetti, Hans Reithler, Mario Kadastik, Alexander Dermenev, Andreas Psallidas, C. Vander Velde, R. Bhattacharya, Shuichi Kunori, Yi Chen, Teresa Lenz, David Bertsche, Valentina Mariani, Ben Bylsma, Roberto Tenchini, Meng Xiao, Giorgia Rauco, Nancy Marinelli, Doris Eckstein, Achim Geiser, Batoul Diab, Rostyslav Shevchenko, Patrick Asenov, Jacopo Pazzini, Virgil E Barnes, Andrzej Novak, David Petyt, Graham Wilson, M. Weber, Y-J Lee, Ivan Shvetsov, Igor Golutvin, Mircho Rodozov, Aruna Nayak, Kerstin Borras, J. H. Yoo, Ketino Kaadze, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Á. Navarro Tobar, Christian Contreras-Campana, E. W. Vaandering, Piet Verwilligen, Nicola Bacchetta, Attila Racz, Roberta Arcidiacono, Christian Schnaible, Jonathan Fulcher, C. Martin Perez, Jan Eysermans, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Tapio Lampén, Jacobo Konigsberg, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, L. J. Gutay, S. Choi, Alexander Spiridonov, I. A. Melzer-Pellmann, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, W. Van Doninck, Hans Rykaczewski, Y. J. Mao, Chiara Mariotti, Norraphat Srimanobhas, Yongho Jeong, Marco Monteno, Ohannes Kamer Köseyan, Dermot Moran, David Curry, V. Andreev, Grace Cummings, Sourabh Dube, E. Carrera Jarrin, Douglas Wright, Francesco Fienga, Thoth Gunter, Kirti Ranjan, Milos Dordevic, Carsten Hensel, Gervasio Gomez, Giacomo Fedi, Giles Strong, P. Van Hove, Alice Cocoros, Sayandip Mukherjee, Panagiotis Katsoulis, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Korbinian Schweiger, Alessio Ghezzi, Y. Musienko, M. C. Fouz, Samuel Boren, M. M. Defranchis, Matti J Kortelainen, P. Goldenzweig, Abideh Jafari, Johannes Haller, Plamen Iaydjiev, Alexey Volkov, Alexander Morton, Javier Cuevas, Christian Schomakers, Vadim Oreshkin, Atanu Modak, Robert Hirosky, A. Delgado Peris, Andreas Werner Jung, Chandiprasad Kar, Roy Montalvo, Daniel Salerno, R. Sharma, Dong-Chul Son, Liliana Teodorescu, P. Busson, Alexander Titterton, V. Re, Aaron Bundock, Katerina Lipka, Martin Kirakosyan, A. B. Meyer, Burak Bilki, Marco Cipriani, Peter Elmer, Rohan Bhandari, Vinay Hegde, David Zou, Nicolò Trevisani, Stephan Albert Wiederkehr, F. M. Stober, Anna Kropivnitskaya, A. García Alonso, Dirk Krücker, Gianluca Cerminara, Marcella Diemoz, Vipin Bhatnagar, T. Liu, Rishika Bhardwaj, Lorenzo Russo, Simon Christoph Schuler, Anadi Canepa, Dario Menasce, Alessio Boletti, Jie Zhang, Francesca Romana Cavallo, János Karancsi, Ali Celik, Viktor Savrin, Mitchell Wayne, Karol Bunkowski, P. de Barbaro, Cheng-Chieh Peng, Marcello Abbrescia, Sabino Meola, Roberto Covarelli, Sergio Cittolin, Jared Sturdy, Stephen Mrenna, Denys Lontkovskyi, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, Andrey Korytov, P. Chang, Georgios Bakas, Stephen Sanders, Alberto Santoro, H. S. Kim, Sanjay Kumar, Kaya Tatar, A. Bornheim, Peisen Ma, Christopher Mcginn, Sandra S. Padula, Yiwen Wen, Paolo Vitulo, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, Jay Roberts, Stefano Bianco, Brandon Chiarito, Markus Stoye, A. Escalante Del Valle, Joosep Pata, C. Wissing, A. Castaneda Hernandez, Dooyeon Gyun, Francesca Cavallari, Sridhara Dasu, Emilio Meschi, M. Flechl, Mikhail Dubinin, G. Cucciati, M. J. Kim, Tanvi Wamorkar, Eshwen Bhal, Paolo Dini, S. Bheesette, Colin Bernet, Dimitri Bourilkov, Marc Weinberg, Fabio Ravera, Maren Tabea Meinhard, S. W. Cho, Andrew Whitbeck, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, Wei Li, Demetra Tsiakkouri, Shawn Zaleski, Danila Tlisov, Suat Ozkorucuklu, Rishi Patel, Y. D. Oh, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Ashfaq Ahmad, F. Vazquez Valencia, Clément Leloup, Santeri Laurila, Alexander Nikitenko, Ashim Roy, Th. Müller, Jasvinder A. Singh, M. Rahmani, Daniel Robert Marlow, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, Viktor Veszpremi, Alexander Schmidt, Ali Eren Simsek, Eric Conte, David Barney, Aleksandra Lelek, Stephanie Beauceron, Joshua Kunkle, Grigory Safronov, Ulrich Husemann, Yousen Zhang, W. T. Lin, Dylan Hsu, Wei Xie, Rainer Wallny, V. Drugakov, Andre Frankenthal, Raman Khurana, Adel Terkulov, Jan Krolikowski, Luiz Mundim, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, Fabio Monti, Giorgio Maggi, Sadia Khalil, Haiyan Wang, C. Fernandez Bedoya, S. Van Putte, Stefan Grünendahl, Diogo Bastos, S. Baur, Yves Sirois, Robert Schöfbeck, Guillaume Bourgatte, Mehmet Oglakci, Fanbo Meng, Caroline Collard, Lei Feng, L. Malgeri, Kamuran Dilsiz, Seema Bahinipati, Paolo Rumerio, Meena Meena, Alexei Safonov, C.-E. Wulz, Duccio Abbaneo, Marco Zanetti, Li Li, U. Bhawandeep, Tae Jeong Kim, Emmanouil Vourliotis, Lorenzo Uplegger, Marius Teroerde, Rogelio Reyes-Almanza, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, Danek Kotlinski, Jordan Martins, Ugur Kiminsu, A. Melo, Georgia Karapostoli, Martti Raidal, Alexandros Attikis, Gabriel Madigan, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Philip Harris, D. Matos Figueiredo, Noemi Beni, A. Perrotta, Emanuela Barberis, Nikola Godinovic, Hualin Mei, Altan Cakir, Paolo Meridiani, Aron Soha, Simon Kurz, Michael Dittmar, Michael Murray, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Sarah Freed, I. Gonzalez Caballero, Sebastian Wiedenbeck, Kunal Kothekar, Alicia Calderon, Shabnam Jabeen, T. Aushev, Thomas Reitenspiess, Pamela Klabbers, Ivan Amos Cali, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, Caglar Zorbilmez, Nadir Daci, Tengizi Toriashvili, S. Bhattacharya, P. C. Tiwari, Elizabeth Locci, Ilaria Vai, Janos Erö, Emrah Tiras, Toyoko Orimoto, Cristina Biino, Gabriele Benelli, Patrizia Barria, Julia Velkovska, Kevin Mcdermott, Dmytro Kovalskyi, Seyed Mohsen Etesami, Giovanni Mocellin, V. Kutzner, Bolek Wyslouch, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, Ali Harb, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Jean-Roch Vlimant, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, Emanuele Usai, H. S. Chen, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, Serdal Damarseckin, Norbert Neumeister, Maria Spiropulu, Alexander Fröhlich, Christian Autermann, Bradley Cox, Somnath Choudhury, Marco Trovato, Sébastien Viret, Junquan Tao, O. Kukral, Sandra Oliveros, Alfredo Gurrola, Ufuk Guney Tok, K. S. Lee, M. Della Negra, Maria Isabel Josa, M. Tadel, Christopher Brew, Gintautas Tamulaitis, Iuri Bagaturia, A. P. Singh, Yuri Gershtein, Denis Gelé, Catherine Schiber, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, Carmen Albajar, Sven Dildick, Nhan Viet Tran, Mohammad Abrar Wadud, Abhisek Datta, O. Hlushchenko, Sudha Ahuja, Halil Saka, Pietro Govoni, Patrick Jarry, Kenneth Bloom, Thomas Perry, M. De Mattia, Siddhesh Sawant, J. D. Lewis, Benjamin Charles Radburn-Smith, Kevin Nash, Joona Havukainen, Nazar Bartosik, Lothar At Bauerdick, Leonardo Giannini, G. Quast, A. Bat, Elizabeth Starling, Nan Lu, René Caspart, Burin Asavapibhop, Xunwu Zuo, James Bueghly, Matthew Nguyen, Philip Baringer, Enrico Robutti, George Stephans, Eva Halkiadakis, Elisabetta Manca, Christoph Grab, Tiziano Rovelli, Frank Jm Geurts, Smarajit Karmakar, Weinan Si, Samila Muthumuni, Maciej Misiura, Gilvan Alves, M. Pelliccioni, Anna Teresa Meneguzzo, K. Wong, Yen-Jie Lee, S. Nandan, A. De Iorio, Pietro Vischia, Fionn Ball, Angelo Giacomo Zecchinelli, G. P. 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Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Function (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

A study of the production of prompt J / ψ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J / ψ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J / ψ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J / ψ mesons having energy above 15 GeV and rapidity | y | 1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity | η jet | 1 . The differential distributions of the probability to have a J / ψ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J / ψ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J / ψ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J / ψ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics.

Published
2020
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