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3. Studio preliminare su composizione e provenienza di ocra dalla sepoltura epigra-vettiana di Grotta d’Oriente A, Favignana (Egadi, Sicilia)

Author

Vita G, Schimmenti V, Sineo L, Pietro Militello, Fabrizio Nicoletti, Rosalba Panvini. - Palermo : Regione siciliana, Assessorato dei beni culturali e dell'identità siciliana, Dipartimento dei beni culturali e dell'identità siciliana, 2021., Vita G, Schimmenti V, and Sineo L

Subjects
Anthropology, Ochre analysis, Favignana (Egadi, Sicily), Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia
Abstract

La Grotta d’Oriente, sull’isola di Favignana (Egadi, Sicilia) ha restituito una serie di sepolture e resti umani ascrivibili all’Epigravettiano finale e al Mesolitico. La Sepoltura cosiddetta Oriente A, epigravettiana, è caratterizzata da un corredo fittile consistente in conchiglie e in un ciottolo con tracce di ocra rossa. Da un punto di vista della ricostruzione ar-cheologica e della definizione degli scenari di ecologia preistorica è molto importante la caratterizzazione chimica e la deter-minazione della provenienza di questo pigmento che, com’è noto, caratterizza molti scenari paleolitici. La ricerca presenta i dati preliminari dell’analisi SEM/EDS/EDAX dei pigmenti ocracei prelevati da un ciottolo, facente parte del corredo fune-rario. L’analisi comparativa di questi pigmenti con una serie di Terre Rosse di Favignana, del trapanese e di Monte Pellegri-no, ha messo in evidenza che l’ocra di Oriente A non deriva dalle Terre Rosse di Favignana e non ha una composizione rife-ribile neppure ai suoli del trapanese e di Monte Pellegrino. Seppur da dei dati preliminari emerge l’importanza dell’applicazione di un approccio tecnico-scientifico multidisciplinare per la definizione di orizzonti archeologici ed antropo-logici preistorici. SUMMARY - PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE COMPOSITION AND PROVENANCE OF OCHRE FROM THE EPIGRAVETTIAN BURIAL OF GROTTA D’ORIENTE A, FAVIGNANA (EGADI, SICILY) - The Grotta d’Oriente, on the island of Favignana (Egadi, Sicily) has returned a series of burials and human remains attributable to the final Epigravettian and Mesolithic. The so-called Ori-ente A Burial, Epigravettian, is characterized by a funerary set consisting of shells and a pebble with traces of red ochre. From the point of view of the archaeological reconstruction and the definition of pre-historic ecology scenarios, the chemi-cal characterization and determination of the origin of this pigment which, as is well known, characterizes many Palaeolihic scenarios, is very important. The research presents preliminary data from the SEM/EDS/EDAX analysis of ochre pigments obtained from a pebble, which are part of the funerary equipment. The comparative analysis of these pigments with a series of red earths from Favignana, Trapani countryside and Monte Pellegrino, highlighted that the ochre of Oriente A does not derive from the Terre Rosse of Favignana and does not have a composition referable even to same soils of Trapani and Monte Pellegrino. Although coming from preliminary data, these show the importance of applying a multidisciplinary tech-nical-scientific approach for the definition of prehistoric archaeological and anthropological horizons.

Published
2022

4. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Salazar-García, Domingo C., Papac L., Barquera R., Key F.M., Spyrou M.A., Hübler R., Rohrlach A.B., Aron F., Stahl R., Wissgott A., van Bömmel F., Pfefferkorn M., Mittnik A., Villalba-Mouco V., Neumann G.U., Rivollat M., van de Loosdrecht M.S., Majander K., Tukhbatova R.I., Musralina L., Ghalichi A., Penske S., Sabin S., Michel M., Gretzinger J., Nelson E.A., Ferraz T., NÄgele K., Parker C., Keller M., Guevara E.K., Feldman M., Eisenmann S., Skourtanioti E., Giffin K., Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A., Friederich S., Schimmenti V., Khartanovich V., and Karapetian M.K.

Subjects
virus diseases, Arqueologia
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Published
2021

5. Genomic and dietary discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Sicily

Author

He Yu, Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht, Marcello A. Mannino, Sahra Talamo, Adam B. Rohrlach, Ainash Childebayeva, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Franziska Aron, Guido Brandt, Marta Burri, Cäcilia Freund, Rita Radzeviciute, Raphaela Stahl, Antje Wissgott, Helen Fewlass, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Marcello Piperno, Sebastiano Tusa, Carmine Collina, Vittoria Schimmenti, Rosaria Di Salvo, Kay Prüfer, Cosimo Posth, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Detlef Gronenborn, Didier Binder, Choongwon Jeong, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause, Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Yu H., van de Loosdrecht M.S., Mannino M.A., Talamo S., Rohrlach A.B., Childebayeva A., Villalba-Mouco V., Aron F., Brandt G., Burri M., Freund C., Radzeviciute R., Stahl R., Wissgott A., Fewlass H., Tagliacozzo A., Piperno M., Tusa S., Collina C., Schimmenti V., Di Salvo R., Prufer K., Posth C., Hublin J.-J., Gronenborn D., Binder D., Jeong C., Haak W., and Krause J.

Subjects
Biological science, Biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, Evolutionary biology, Paleobiology, Paleogenetics
Abstract

Sicily is a key region for understanding the agricultural transition in the Mediterranean because of its central position. Here, we present genomic and stable isotopic data for 19 prehistoric Sicilians covering the Mesolithic to Bronze Age periods (10,700-4,100 yBP). We find that Early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (HGs) from Sicily are a highly drifted lineage of the Early Holocene western European HGs, whereas Late Mesolithic HGs carry ∼20% ancestry related to northern and (south) eastern European HGs, indicating substantial gene flow. Early Neolithic farmers are genetically most similar to farmers from the Balkans and Greece, with only ∼7% of ancestry from local Mesolithic HGs. The genetic discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic match the changes in material culture and diet. Three outlying individuals dated to ∼8,000 yBP; however, suggest that hunter-gatherers interacted with incoming farmers at Grotta dell'Uzzo, resulting in a mixed economy and diet for a brief interlude at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition., Funding. The Max Planck Society financed the genetic, isotopic, and radiocarbon analyses. S. Talamo has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant agreement No. 803147 RESOLUTION, https://site.unibo.it/resolution-erc/en).

Published
2022

6. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Oleg Balanovsky, Lourdes Marquez-Morfin, Magdalena Zoledziewska, Susannah J. Salter, Cody E. Parker, Kirsten I. Bos, Kathrin Nägele, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Kerttu Majander, Vittorio Mazzarello, Cosimo Posth, Kurt W. Alt, Elmira Khussainova, Silvia Teresita Hernández Godoy, Richard Mortimer, Ayshin Ghalichi, Alexander Herbig, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, Leyla B. Djansugurova, Dmitry A. Stashenkov, Raiko Krauß, Mikhail S. Chaplygin, Tiago Ferraz, Patrick Semal, Eva Rosenstock, Michal Kostka, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Harald Meller, Petr Limburský, Mario Küßner, Tara Ingman, Maïté Rivollat, Eva Fernández-Domínguez, Rodrigo Barquera, Robin Skeates, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Denise Kühnert, Mirjana Roksandic, Adam Ben Rohrlach, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Alissa Mittnik, Yadira Chinique de Armas, Johannes Krause, Marie-France Deguilloux, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Rezeda I. Tukhbatova, Elizabeth Popescu, Lucy C. Salazar, Andrey A. Chizhevsky, Christopher Read, Hubert Steiner, Melanie Van Twest, Eveline Altena, Diana Iraíz Hernández-Zaragoza, Lyazzat Musralina, Megan Michel, Íñigo García-Martínez de Lagrán, Anatoly R. Kantorovich, Katrien Van de Vijver, Alžbeta Danielisová, Rachel Clarke, Duncan Sayer, Bastien Llamas, Nikolaj Makarov, Alejandro Romero, Luka Papac, Alessandra Sperduti, Vladimir E. Maslov, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Gunnar U. Neumann, Arman Z. Beisenov, Zainolla Samashev, Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Päivi Onkamo, Eduardo Carmona Ballestero, Javier Jimenez-Echevarria, Valery Khartanovich, Manuel Rojo-Guerra, Fredrik Hallgren, Eirini Skourtanioti, Natalia Shishlina, Luca Lai, Petr Velemínský, Antti Sajantila, Peter C. Ramsl, Claudia Sagona, Susanne Friederich, Miroslav Dobeš, Marcel Keller, Francesco Cucca, Sabine Reinhold, Florian van Bömmel, Luc Amkreutz, Vittoria Schimmenti, Raphaela Stahl, Douglas Baird, Marina K. Karapetian, Kurt Rademaker, Stephan Schiffels, Sacha Kacki, Evelyn K. Guevara, Michael Francken, Christina Warinner, Kay Prüfer, Karen Giffin, Felix M. Key, Joscha Gretzinger, Alexey Kalmykov, Svetlana Shnaider, Sandra Penske, Antje Wissgott, Tiffiny A. Tung, Biaslan Ch. Atabiev, Philippe Lefranc, Elizabeth A. Nelson, Peter de Knijff, Vladimir Slavchev, Jessica Pearson, Yılmaz Selim Erdal, Louise Loe, Jan Nováček, Micaela Alvarez Calmet, José I. Royo-Guillén, Richard L. Burger, Kristiina Mannermaa, K. Aslıhan Yener, Maria Pfefferkorn, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Svend Hansen, Didier Binder, Michal Ernée, Maria A. Spyrou, Michal Feldman, Vladimir V. Kufterin, Murat Akar, Héctor Arcusa-Magallón, Andrej B. Belinskiy, Egor Kitov, Franziska Aron, Ron Hübler, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Sophie Beckett, Jessica Beckett, Arthur Kocher, Michael Schultz, Elena Batieva, Pilar Utrilla, Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez, Kristin von Heyking, Masnav Navruzbekov, Michaela Langová, Maria Paz Miguel de Ibáñez, Stéphane Rottier, Maria V. Dobrovolskaya, Sandra Lösch, Emma D. Zilivinskaya, Dmitry V. Vasilev, Gabriel García Atiénzar, Marcello A. Mannino, Wolfgang Haak, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Sylvie Saintot, Alice Lyons, Ken Massy, Elena Kaverzneva, Susanna Sabin, Carmen Alonso-Fernández, Anna F. Kochkina, Marieke Sophia van de Loosdrecht, Stefanie Eisenmann, Max Planck Society, European Commission, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Wenner-Gren Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Prehistoria y Protohistoria, Grupo de Inmunología, Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A., Papac, L., Barquera, R., Key, FM., Spyrou, MA., Hubler, R., Rohrlach, AB., Aron, F., Stahl, R., Wissgott, A., van Bommel, F., Pfefferkorn, M., Mittnik, A., Villalba-Mouco, V., Neumann, GU., Rivollat, M., van de Loosdrecht, MS., Majander, K., Tukhbatova, RI., Musralina, L., Ghalichi, A., Penske, S., Sabin, S., Michel, M., Gretzinger, J., Nelson, EA., Ferraz, T., Nagele, K., Parker, C., Keller, M., Guevara, EK., Feldman, M., Eisenmann, S., Skourtanioti, E., Giffin, K., Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA., Friederich, S., Schimmenti, V., Khartanovich, V., Karapetian, MK., Chaplygin, MS., Kufterin, VV., Khokhlov, AA., Chizhevsky, AA., Stashenkov, DA., Kochkina, AF., Tejedor-Rodriguez, C., de Lagran, IGM., Arcusa-Magallon, H., Garrido-Pena, R., Royo-Guillen, JI., Novacek, J., Rottier, S., Kacki, S., Saintot, S., Kaverzneva, E., Belinskiy, AB., Veleminsky, P., Limbursky, P., Kostka, M., Loe, L., Popescu, E., Clarke, R., Lyons, A., Mortimer, R., Sajantila, A., de Armas, YC., Godoy, STH., Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI., Pearson, J., Binder, D., Lefranc, P., Kantorovich, AR., Maslov, VE., Lai, L., Zoledziewska, M., Beckett, JF., Langova, M., Atienzar, GG., Ibanez, MPD, Romero, A., Sperduti, A., Beckett, S., Salter, SJ., Zilivinskaya, ED., Vasil, DV., von Heyking, K., Burger, RL., Salazar, LC., Amkreutz, L., Navruzbekov, M., Rosenstock, E., Alonso-Fernandez, C., Slavchev, V., Kalmykov, AA., Atabiev, BC., Batieva, E, Calmet, MA., Llamas, B., Schultz, M., Krauss, R., Jimenez-Echevarria, J., Francken, M., Shnaider, S., de Knijff, P., Altena, E., Van de Vijver, K., Fehren-Schmitz, L., Tung, TA., Losch, S., Dobrovolskaya, M., Makarov, N., Read, C., Van Twest, M., Sagona, C., Ramsl, PC., Akar, M., Yener, KA., Ballestero, EC., Cucca, F., Mazzarello, V., Utrilla, P., Rademaker, K., Fernandez-Dominguez, E., Baird, D., Semal, P., Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M., Steiner, H., Salazar-Garcia, DC., Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS., Hallgren, F., Boyadzhiev, Y., Boyadzhiev, K., Kussner, M., Sayer, D., Onkamo, P., Skeates, R., Rojo-Guerra, M., Buzhilova, A., Khussainova, E., Djansugurova, LB., Beisenov, AZ., Samashev, Z., Massy, K., Mannino, M., Moiseyev, V., Mannermaa, K., Balanovsky, O., Deguilloux, MF., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Kitov, EP., Dobes, M., Ernee, M., Meller, H., Prufer, Kay., Warinner, C., Schiffels, S., Stockhammer, PW., Bos, K., Posth, C., Herbig, A., Haak, W., Krause, J., Kuhnert, D., and Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)

Subjects
Phylogeographic history, Hepatitis B/history, 01 natural sciences, The Republic, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, German, Communicable Diseases, Emerging/history, Agency (sociology), Science and technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ancient DNA, European research, virus diseases, Genomics, Hepatitis B, 3. Good health, Europe, language, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Christian ministry, Paleogenomic analyses, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, 010506 paleontology, Hepatitis B virus, Asia, Hepatitis B virus/classification, European Continental Ancestry Group, Library science, Biología Celular, White People, Marie curie, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, American Natives, Asian People, Political science, Genomic data, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, Slovak, European union, American Indian or Alaska Native, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Genetic Variation, Paleontology, Prehistoria, A300, language.human_language, digestive system diseases, American natives, Americas, Asian continental ancestry group, Communicable diseases, Emerging, European continental ancestry group, Evolution, molecular, Genetic variation
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic., The research was funded by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (771234–PALEoRIDER, to W.H.; 805268–CoDisEASe to K. Bos; 834616–ARCHCAUCASUS to S.H.), the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme and Marie Curie Actions under the Programme SASPRO (1340/03/03 to P.C.R.), the ERA.NET RUS Plus–S&T programm of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (277–BIOARCCAUCASUS to S.Re. and S.H.), the Werner Siemens Stiftung (“Paleobiochemistry”, to CW), the Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences (to M.E.), the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985912, to M.Dobe.), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-09-00354a, to M.K.K. and V.V.K.; 19-78-10053 to SSh), the German Research Foundation (DFG-HA-5407/4-1–INTERACT to W.H. and RE2688/2 to S.Re.), the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-FRAL-0010–INTERACT, to M.F.D., M.Ri., S.Ro., S.Sai., D.Bi., and P.Le.), the Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (9558 to S.Sab.), and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP08856654 to L.B.D., L.M., and E.Kh. and AP08857177 to A.Z.B.).

Published
2021

7. Climate-driven environmental changes around 8,200 years ago favoured increases in cetacean strandings and Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them

Author

Michael P. Richards, Sebastiano Tusa, Olaf Nehlich, Vittoria Schimmenti, Carmine Collina, Marcello Piperno, Marcello A. Mannino, Rosaria Di Salvo, Sahra Talamo, Ivana Fiore, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Mannino M.A., Talamo S., Tagliacozzo A., Fiore I., Nehlich O., Piperno M., Tusa S., Collina C., Di Salvo R., Schimmenti V., and Richards M.P.

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Marine conservation, Climate Change, DIVERSITY, Climate change, Cetacea, Biology, Carbon Isotope, Article, Bone and Bones, Natural (archaeology), DIET, Mediterranean sea, ISOTOPE EVIDENCE, PILOT WHALES, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Humans, MARINE RESOURCES, 14. Life underwater, Mesolithic, Carbon Isotopes, SEA, Multidisciplinary, Nitrogen Isotopes, Fossils, Animal, COLD EVENT, Ecology, Radiometric Dating, Global warming, Fossil, BONE-COLLAGEN, biology.organism_classification, NORTH-ATLANTIC, VULPES-VULPES, 13. Climate action, Collagen, Nitrogen Isotope, Bone and Bone, Human
Abstract

Cetacean mass strandings occur regularly worldwide, yet the compounded effects of natural and anthropogenic factors often complicate our understanding of these phenomena. Evidence of past stranding episodes may, thus, be essential to establish the potential influence of climate change. Investigations on bones from the site of Grotta dell’Uzzo in North West Sicily (Italy) show that the rapid climate change around 8,200 years ago coincided with increased strandings in the Mediterranean Sea. Stable isotope analyses on collagen from a large sample of remains recovered at this cave indicate that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers relied little on marine resources. A human and a red fox dating to the 8.2-kyr-BP climatic event, however, acquired at least one third of their protein from cetaceans. Numerous carcasses should have been available annually, for at least a decade, to obtain these proportions of meat. Our findings imply that climate-driven environmental changes, caused by global warming, may represent a serious threat to cetaceans in the near future.

Published
2015

8. Genomic and dietary discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Sicily.

Author

Yu H, van de Loosdrecht MS, Mannino MA, Talamo S, Rohrlach AB, Childebayeva A, Villalba-Mouco V, Aron F, Brandt G, Burri M, Freund C, Radzeviciute R, Stahl R, Wissgott A, Fewlass H, Tagliacozzo A, Piperno M, Tusa S, Collina C, Schimmenti V, Di Salvo R, Prüfer K, Posth C, Hublin JJ, Gronenborn D, Binder D, Jeong C, Haak W, and Krause J

Abstract

Sicily is a key region for understanding the agricultural transition in the Mediterranean because of its central position. Here, we present genomic and stable isotopic data for 19 prehistoric Sicilians covering the Mesolithic to Bronze Age periods (10,700-4,100 yBP). We find that Early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (HGs) from Sicily are a highly drifted lineage of the Early Holocene western European HGs, whereas Late Mesolithic HGs carry ∼20% ancestry related to northern and (south) eastern European HGs, indicating substantial gene flow. Early Neolithic farmers are genetically most similar to farmers from the Balkans and Greece, with only ∼7% of ancestry from local Mesolithic HGs. The genetic discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic match the changes in material culture and diet. Three outlying individuals dated to ∼8,000 yBP; however, suggest that hunter-gatherers interacted with incoming farmers at Grotta dell'Uzzo , resulting in a mixed economy and diet for a brief interlude at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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9. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution.

Author

Kocher A, Papac L, Barquera R, Key FM, Spyrou MA, Hübler R, Rohrlach AB, Aron F, Stahl R, Wissgott A, van Bömmel F, Pfefferkorn M, Mittnik A, Villalba-Mouco V, Neumann GU, Rivollat M, van de Loosdrecht MS, Majander K, Tukhbatova RI, Musralina L, Ghalichi A, Penske S, Sabin S, Michel M, Gretzinger J, Nelson EA, Ferraz T, Nägele K, Parker C, Keller M, Guevara EK, Feldman M, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Giffin K, Gnecchi-Ruscone GA, Friederich S, Schimmenti V, Khartanovich V, Karapetian MK, Chaplygin MS, Kufterin VV, Khokhlov AA, Chizhevsky AA, Stashenkov DA, Kochkina AF, Tejedor-Rodríguez C, de Lagrán ÍG, Arcusa-Magallón H, Garrido-Pena R, Royo-Guillén JI, Nováček J, Rottier S, Kacki S, Saintot S, Kaverzneva E, Belinskiy AB, Velemínský P, Limburský P, Kostka M, Loe L, Popescu E, Clarke R, Lyons A, Mortimer R, Sajantila A, de Armas YC, Hernandez Godoy ST, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Pearson J, Binder D, Lefranc P, Kantorovich AR, Maslov VE, Lai L, Zoledziewska M, Beckett JF, Langová M, Danielisová A, Ingman T, Atiénzar GG, de Miguel Ibáñez MP, Romero A, Sperduti A, Beckett S, Salter SJ, Zilivinskaya ED, Vasil'ev DV, von Heyking K, Burger RL, Salazar LC, Amkreutz L, Navruzbekov M, Rosenstock E, Alonso-Fernández C, Slavchev V, Kalmykov AA, Atabiev BC, Batieva E, Calmet MA, Llamas B, Schultz M, Krauß R, Jiménez-Echevarría J, Francken M, Shnaider S, de Knijff P, Altena E, Van de Vijver K, Fehren-Schmitz L, Tung TA, Lösch S, Dobrovolskaya M, Makarov N, Read C, Van Twest M, Sagona C, Ramsl PC, Akar M, Yener KA, Ballestero EC, Cucca F, Mazzarello V, Utrilla P, Rademaker K, Fernández-Domínguez E, Baird D, Semal P, Márquez-Morfín L, Roksandic M, Steiner H, Salazar-García DC, Shishlina N, Erdal YS, Hallgren F, Boyadzhiev Y, Boyadzhiev K, Küßner M, Sayer D, Onkamo P, Skeates R, Rojo-Guerra M, Buzhilova A, Khussainova E, Djansugurova LB, Beisenov AZ, Samashev Z, Massy K, Mannino M, Moiseyev V, Mannermaa K, Balanovsky O, Deguilloux MF, Reinhold S, Hansen S, Kitov EP, Dobeš M, Ernée M, Meller H, Alt KW, Prüfer K, Warinner C, Schiffels S, Stockhammer PW, Bos K, Posth C, Herbig A, Haak W, Krause J, and Kühnert D

Subjects
Americas, Asia, Asian People, Communicable Diseases, Emerging virology, Europe, Genetic Variation, Genomics, Hepatitis B virology, History, Ancient, Humans, Paleontology, Phylogeny, White People, American Indian or Alaska Native, Communicable Diseases, Emerging history, Evolution, Molecular, Hepatitis B history, Hepatitis B virus classification, Hepatitis B virus genetics
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Published
2021
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10. Author Correction: The spread of steppe and Iranian-related ancestry in the islands of the western Mediterranean.

Author

Fernandes DM, Mittnik A, Olalde I, Lazaridis I, Cheronet O, Rohland N, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Carlsson J, Culleton BJ, Ferry M, Gamarra B, Lari M, Mah M, Michel M, Modi A, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Sirak KA, Stewardson K, Mandl K, Schattke C, Özdoğan KT, Lucci M, Gasperetti G, Candilio F, Salis G, Vai S, Camarós E, Calò C, Catalano G, Cueto M, Forgia V, Lozano M, Marini E, Micheletti M, Miccichè RM, Palombo MR, Ramis D, Schimmenti V, Sureda P, Teira L, Teschler-Nicola M, Kennett DJ, Lalueza-Fox C, Patterson N, Sineo L, Coppa A, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, and Reich D

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020
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11. The spread of steppe and Iranian-related ancestry in the islands of the western Mediterranean.

Author

Fernandes DM, Mittnik A, Olalde I, Lazaridis I, Cheronet O, Rohland N, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Carlsson J, Culleton BJ, Ferry M, Gamarra B, Lari M, Mah M, Michel M, Modi A, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Sirak KA, Stewardson K, Mandl K, Schattke C, Özdoğan KT, Lucci M, Gasperetti G, Candilio F, Salis G, Vai S, Camarós E, Calò C, Catalano G, Cueto M, Forgia V, Lozano M, Marini E, Micheletti M, Miccichè RM, Palombo MR, Ramis D, Schimmenti V, Sureda P, Teira L, Teschler-Nicola M, Kennett DJ, Lalueza-Fox C, Patterson N, Sineo L, Coppa A, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, and Reich D

Subjects
Africa, Anthropology, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Humans, Iran, Islands, Sicily, Spain, Agriculture, DNA, Ancient, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Steppe-pastoralist-related ancestry reached Central Europe by at least 2500 BC, whereas Iranian farmer-related ancestry was present in Aegean Europe by at least 1900 BC. However, the spread of these ancestries into the western Mediterranean, where they have contributed to many populations that live today, remains poorly understood. Here, we generated genome-wide ancient-DNA data from the Balearic Islands, Sicily and Sardinia, increasing the number of individuals with reported data from 5 to 66. The oldest individual from the Balearic Islands (~2400 BC) carried ancestry from steppe pastoralists that probably derived from west-to-east migration from Iberia, although two later Balearic individuals had less ancestry from steppe pastoralists. In Sicily, steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived by ~2200 BC, in part from Iberia; Iranian-related ancestry arrived by the mid-second millennium BC, contemporary to its previously documented spread to the Aegean; and there was large-scale population replacement after the Bronze Age. In Sardinia, nearly all ancestry derived from the island's early farmers until the first millennium BC, with the exception of an outlier from the third millennium BC, who had primarily North African ancestry and who-along with an approximately contemporary Iberian-documents widespread Africa-to-Europe gene flow in the Chalcolithic. Major immigration into Sardinia began in the first millennium BC and, at present, no more than 56-62% of Sardinian ancestry is from its first farmers. This value is lower than previous estimates, highlighting that Sardinia, similar to every other region in Europe, has been a stage for major movement and mixtures of people.

Published
2020
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12. Climate-driven environmental changes around 8,200 years ago favoured increases in cetacean strandings and Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them.

Author

Mannino MA, Talamo S, Tagliacozzo A, Fiore I, Nehlich O, Piperno M, Tusa S, Collina C, Di Salvo R, Schimmenti V, and Richards MP

Subjects
Animals, Bone and Bones chemistry, Carbon Isotopes chemistry, Collagen chemistry, Fossils, Humans, Mediterranean Sea, Nitrogen Isotopes chemistry, Radiometric Dating, Cetacea physiology, Climate Change
Abstract

Cetacean mass strandings occur regularly worldwide, yet the compounded effects of natural and anthropogenic factors often complicate our understanding of these phenomena. Evidence of past stranding episodes may, thus, be essential to establish the potential influence of climate change. Investigations on bones from the site of Grotta dell'Uzzo in North West Sicily (Italy) show that the rapid climate change around 8,200 years ago coincided with increased strandings in the Mediterranean Sea. Stable isotope analyses on collagen from a large sample of remains recovered at this cave indicate that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers relied little on marine resources. A human and a red fox dating to the 8.2-kyr-BP climatic event, however, acquired at least one third of their protein from cetaceans. Numerous carcasses should have been available annually, for at least a decade, to obtain these proportions of meat. Our findings imply that climate-driven environmental changes, caused by global warming, may represent a serious threat to cetaceans in the near future.

Published
2015
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