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4. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions

Author

Lüscher, Gisela, Ammari, Youssef, Andriets, Aljona, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G. H., Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Dyman, Tetyana, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia, Friedel, Jürgen K., Garchi, Salah, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gomiero, Tiziano, González-Bornay, Guillermo, Guteva, Yana, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Kwikiriza, Norman, López Díaz, María Lourdes, Moreno, Gerardo, Nicholas-Davies, Pip, Nkwiine, Charles, Opio, Julius, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Podmaniczky, László, Pointereau, Philippe, Pulido, Fernando, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K., Sghaier, Tahar, Siebrecht, Norman, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Yashchenko, Sergiy, Albrecht, Harald, Báldi, András, Belényesi, Márta, Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Blick, Theo, Buholzer, Serge, Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Norma, Cuendet, Gérard, De Lange, Hendrika J., Déjean, Sylvain, Deltshev, Christo, Dramstad, Wenche, Elek, Zoltán, Engan, Gunnar, Evtushenko, Konstantin, Falusi, Eszter, Finch, Oliver-D., Frank, Thomas, Gavinelli, Federico, Genoud, David, Gillingham, Phillipa K., Grónás, Viktor, Häusler, Werner, Heer, Xaver, Hübner, Thomas, Isaia, Marco, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jesus, Juan B., Kakudidi, Esezah, Kelemen, Eszter, Koncz, Nóra, Kovacs, Eszter, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Last, Luisa, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Mandery, Klaus, Mayr, Josef, Mjelde, Atle, Muster, J Christoph, Nascimbene, Juri, Neumayer, Johann, Ødegaard, Frode, Ortiz Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Paschetta, Mauro, Pavett, Mark, Pelosi, Céline, Penksza, Károly, Pommeresche, Reidun, Popov, Victor, Radchenko, Volodymyr, Richner, Nina, Riedel, Susanne, Scullion, John, Sommaggio, Daniele, Szalkovszki, Ottó, Szerencsits, Erich, Vale, Jim, Kats, Ruud van, Vasilev, Angel, Whittington, Andrew E., Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee, Zanetti, Tommaso, Trigo Aza, María Dolores, Gutiérrez López, Mónica, Díaz Cosín, Darío, Lüscher, Gisela, Ammari, Youssef, Andriets, Aljona, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G. H., Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Dyman, Tetyana, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia, Friedel, Jürgen K., Garchi, Salah, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gomiero, Tiziano, González-Bornay, Guillermo, Guteva, Yana, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Kwikiriza, Norman, López Díaz, María Lourdes, Moreno, Gerardo, Nicholas-Davies, Pip, Nkwiine, Charles, Opio, Julius, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Podmaniczky, László, Pointereau, Philippe, Pulido, Fernando, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K., Sghaier, Tahar, Siebrecht, Norman, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Yashchenko, Sergiy, Albrecht, Harald, Báldi, András, Belényesi, Márta, Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Blick, Theo, Buholzer, Serge, Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Norma, Cuendet, Gérard, De Lange, Hendrika J., Déjean, Sylvain, Deltshev, Christo, Dramstad, Wenche, Elek, Zoltán, Engan, Gunnar, Evtushenko, Konstantin, Falusi, Eszter, Finch, Oliver-D., Frank, Thomas, Gavinelli, Federico, Genoud, David, Gillingham, Phillipa K., Grónás, Viktor, Häusler, Werner, Heer, Xaver, Hübner, Thomas, Isaia, Marco, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jesus, Juan B., Kakudidi, Esezah, Kelemen, Eszter, Koncz, Nóra, Kovacs, Eszter, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Last, Luisa, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Mandery, Klaus, Mayr, Josef, Mjelde, Atle, Muster, J Christoph, Nascimbene, Juri, Neumayer, Johann, Ødegaard, Frode, Ortiz Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Paschetta, Mauro, Pavett, Mark, Pelosi, Céline, Penksza, Károly, Pommeresche, Reidun, Popov, Victor, Radchenko, Volodymyr, Richner, Nina, Riedel, Susanne, Scullion, John, Sommaggio, Daniele, Szalkovszki, Ottó, Szerencsits, Erich, Vale, Jim, Kats, Ruud van, Vasilev, Angel, Whittington, Andrew E., Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee, Zanetti, Tommaso, Trigo Aza, María Dolores, Gutiérrez López, Mónica, and Díaz Cosín, Darío

Abstract

Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. Since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management-related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm level. Therefore, in this study, data were collected on habitat characteristics, vascular plant, earthworm, spider, and bee communities and on the corresponding agricultural management in 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. In 15 environmental and agricultural homogeneous regions, 6–20 farms with the same farm type (e.g., arable crops, grassland, or specific permanent crops) were selected. If available, an equal number of organic and non-organic farms were randomly selected. Alternatively, farms were sampled along a gradient of management intensity. For all selected farms, the entire farmed area was mapped, which resulted in total in the mapping of 11 338 units attributed to 194 standardized habitat types, provided together with additional descriptors. On each farm, one site per available habitat type was randomly selected for species diversity investigations. Species were sampled on 2115 sites and identified to the species level by expert taxonomists. Species lists and abundance estimates are provided for each site and sampling date (one date for plants and earthworms, three dates for spiders and bees). In addition, farmers provided information about their management practices in face-to-face interviews following a standardized questionnaire. Farm management indicators for each farm are available (e.g., nitrogen input, pesticide applications, or energy input). Analyses revealed a positive effect of unproductive areas and a negative effect of intensive manageme, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2024

7. An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity

Author

Jeanneret, Philippe, Lüscher, Gisela, Schneider, Manuel K., Pointereau, Philippe, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Báldi, András, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Diaz, Mario, Eiter, Sebastian, Elek, Zoltán, Fjellstad, Wendy, Frank, Thomas, Friedel, Jürgen K., Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gillingham, Pippa, Gomiero, Tiziano, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Moreno, Gerardo, Nascimbene, Juri, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Siebrecht, Norman, Sommaggio, Daniele, Wolfrum, Sebastian, and Herzog, Felix

Published
2021
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10. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions

Author

Lüscher, Gisela, Ammari, Youssef, Andriets, Aljona, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G. H., Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Dyman, Tetyana, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia, Friedel, Jürgen K., Garchi, Salah, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gomiero, Tiziano, Gonzàlez-Bornay, Guillermo, Guteva, Yana, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Kwikiriza, Norman, Díaz, María Lourdes López, Moreno, Gerardo, Nicholas-Davies, Pip, Nkwiine, Charles, Opio, Julius, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Podmaniczky, László, Pointereau, Philippe, Pulido, Fernando, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K., Sghaier, Tahar, Siebrecht, Norman, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Yashchenko, Sergiy, Albrecht, Harald, Báldi, András, Belényesi, Márta, Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Blick, Theo, Buholzer, Serge, Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Norma, Cuendet, Gérard, De Lange, Hendrika J., Déjean, Sylvain, Deltshev, Christo, Cosín, Darío J. Díaz, Dramstad, Wenche, Elek, Zoltán, Engan, Gunnar, Evtushenko, Konstantin, Falusi, Eszter, Finch, Oliver-D., Frank, Thomas, Gavinelli, Federico, Genoud, David, Gillingham, Phillipa K., Grónás, Viktor, Gutiérrez, Mónica, Häusler, Werner, Heer, Xaver, Hübner, Thomas, Isaia, Marco, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jesus, Juan B., Kakudidi, Esezah, Kelemen, Eszter, Koncz, Nóra, Kovacs, Eszter, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Last, Luisa, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Mandery, Klaus, Mayr, Josef, Mjelde, Atle, Muster, Christoph, Nascimbene, Juri, Neumayer, Johann, Ødegaard, Frode, Sánchez, Francisco Javier Ortiz, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Paschetta, Mauro, Pavett, Mark, Pelosi, Céline, Penksza, Károly, Pommeresche, Reidun, Popov, Victor, Radchenko, Volodymyr, Richner, Nina, Riedel, Susanne, Scullion, John, Sommaggio, Daniele, Szalkovszki, Ottó, Szerencsits, Erich, Trigo, Dolores, Vale, Jim, vanKats, Ruud, Vasilev, Angel, Whitttngton, Andrew E., Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee, and Zanetti, Tommaso

Published
2016

11. How much would it cost to monitor farmland biodiversity in Europe?

Author

Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Targetti, Stefano, Schneider, Manuel K., Brus, Dick J., Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Robert H.G., Knotters, Martin, Viaggi, Davide, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Báldi, András, Bogers, Marion M. B., Bunce, Robert G. H., Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Friedel, Jürgen K., Gomiero, Tiziano, Griffioen, Arjan, Kainz, Max, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lüscher, Gisela, Moreno, Gerardo, Nascimbene, Juri, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Pointereau, Philippe, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Siebrecht, Norman, Staritsky, Igor, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, and Herzog, Felix

Published
2016

13. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevatedCO 2

Author

Maschler, Julia, primary, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, additional, Wan, Joe, additional, Andresen, Louise C., additional, Zohner, Constantin M., additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Lüscher, Andreas, additional, Schneider, Manuel K., additional, Müller, Christoph, additional, Moser, Gerald, additional, Dukes, Jeffrey S., additional, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, additional, Bilton, Mark C., additional, Zhu, Kai, additional, and Crowther, Thomas W., additional

Published
2022
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14. Links across ecological scales:Plant biomass responses to elevated CO2

Author

Maschler, Julia, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Wan, Joe, Andresen, Louise C., Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Lüscher, Andreas, Schneider, Manuel K., Müller, Christoph, Moser, Gerald, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Bilton, Mark C., Zhu, Kai, Crowther, Thomas W., Maschler, Julia, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Wan, Joe, Andresen, Louise C., Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Lüscher, Andreas, Schneider, Manuel K., Müller, Christoph, Moser, Gerald, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Bilton, Mark C., Zhu, Kai, and Crowther, Thomas W.

Abstract

The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short-term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population-, community-, ecosystem-, and global-scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long-term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population-scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2]-induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2] from a variety of climatic and land-use-related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO

Published
2022

17. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO2.

Author

Maschler, Julia, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Wan, Joe, Andresen, Louise C., Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Lüscher, Andreas, Schneider, Manuel K., Müller, Christoph, Moser, Gerald, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Bilton, Mark C., Zhu, Kai, and Crowther, Thomas W.

Subjects
COMMUNITIES, CARBON cycle, GEOLOGICAL carbon sequestration
Abstract

The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short‐term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population‐, community‐, ecosystem‐, and global‐scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long‐term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population‐scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2]‐induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2] from a variety of climatic and land‐use‐related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large‐scale modeling can represent the finer‐scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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18. Implementation of virtual fencing in heifers for mountain summer grazing.

Author

Fuchs, Patricia, Pauler, Caren M., Schneider, Manuel K., Umstätter, Christina, Rufener, Christina, Wechsler, Beat, Bruckmaier, Rupert M. M., and Probo, Massimiliano

Abstract

A virtual fencing (VF) system is based on a smartphone application that defines an invisible grazing boundary based on global positioning. Animals are tracked via GPS collars. When reaching the virtual boundary, the collar emits an ascending audio tone, followed by a mild electric pulse (0.2 Joule) when crossing it. The technology is particularly promising in rough and extensive mountainous areas where physical fencing is difficult and more time-consuming. Environmental conditions may also affect the functionality of the VF system, with potential impacts on animal behavior. Therefore, the present study tested a VF system on 30 female heifers in a rotational grazing system on Swiss mountain pastures (approximately 1,300 to 1,500 m above sea level). Each heifer was equipped with a VF collar (Nofence AS, Batnfjordsør, Norway) for individual recording of audio tones and electric pulses. After two wk of VF training in the lowlands (approximately 700 m above sea level), during which the heifers learned to interpret the VF signals correctly, they were transported to the mountain pasture. For mountain grazing, the herd was divided into three groups of 10 heifers each, balanced for age (mean ± SD: 11.9 ± 1.6 mo) and breed (Holstein-Friesian, Montbeliarde, crossbreeds). The outer perimeter of the mountain pasture was surrounded by an electric fence. Its inner area was divided into 3 electrically fenced and 6 virtually fenced paddocks. For 83 d, all groups grazed simultaneously in separate paddocks and rotated sequentially through the 9 paddocks. Video cameras were placed along the virtual fences to record animal responses after receiving audio tones or electric pulses. Moreover, grass height was measured using a rising plate meter to estimate forage availability in the currently grazed paddocks. Throughout mountain grazing, each heifer received an average of 4.9 ± 6.9 audio tones and 0.3 ± 0.7 electric pulses per day. Generalized mixed-effects models revealed that the number of audio tones and electric pulses did not change over grazing periods or among days after paddock change. Behavioral responses of the animals were less pronounced once the heifers had learned the VF system. In addition, grazing interruptions after receiving an audio tone or electric pulse were shorter during mountain grazing compared with the training period (P < 0.001). Furthermore, lower grass heights (P < 0.05) as well as the occurrence of (common but) unpredictable events (P < 0.001), such as the presence of wildlife (e.g., lynx, deer) or neighboring cattle, increased the number of audio tones and electric pulses during mountain grazing. The VF system was still effective in keeping the heifers within their assigned paddocks under mountainous conditions. However, a well-considered handling when changing paddocks as well as a careful placement of the virtual fence is essential to avoid negative effects on the animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Natural estrogens in surface waters of a catchment with intensive livestock farming in Switzerland

Author

Rechsteiner, Daniela, Wettstein, Felix E., Warren, Benjamin P., Vermeirssen, Etiënne L. M., Simon, Eszter, Schneider, Manuel K., Hollender, Juliane, and Bucheli, Thomas D.

Subjects
parasitic diseases
Abstract

Natural estrogens such as 17 alpha-estradiol (E2 alpha), 17 beta-estradiol (E2 beta), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3), released to surface waters from both urban and agricultural sources, are endocrine disrupting for fish. Here, we assess the prevalence of livestock farming derived natural estrogens in tributaries and ponds in the agriculturally dominated catchment of Lake Baldegg, Switzerland. Passive samplers were deployed in the main tributary and daily time-proportional water samples were collected in five tributaries for 30 days at the beginning of the vegetation period. Furthermore, we took grab samples of 12 ponds in the catchment. Aqueous samples were liquid-liquid extracted, derivatized, and analysed with LC-MS/MS and stream water samples additionally with ER alpha-CALUX, a bioassay for assessing total estrogenic activity. Natural estrogens were regularly detected, with mean concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection to 0.55 ng L-1 for E2 beta and E1, respectively, and passive sampling and bioassay results largely confirmed these findings. Monte Carlo simulated mean natural estrogen concentrations underestimated measured ones by a factor of three to 11. An agricultural area's hydrological contribution and connectivity to surface waters seemed to be more important for the development of estrogen concentrations in streams than livestock densities in a catchment or the actual loads of slurry applied. Pond water occasionally contained natural estrogens in concentrations up to 8.6 ng L-1 for E2 alpha. The environmental quality standards of the European Union (0.4 ng L-1 for E2 beta and 3.6 ng L-1 for E1) were never exceeded for longer than a day in tributaries, but E1 reached critical concentrations for aquatic organisms in ponds., Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 22 (11), ISSN:2050-7887, ISSN:2050-7895

Published
2020
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25. Grassland systems in Switzerland with a main focus on sown grasslands

Author

Lüscher, Andreas, Grieder, Christoph, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, Klaus, Valentin, Reidy, Beat, Schneider, Manuel K., Schubiger, Franz, Suter, Daniel, Suter, Matthias, Kölliker, Roland, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, Studer, Bruno, Kölliker, Roland, Reheul, Dirk, Probo, Massimiliano, Barre, Philippe, Feuerstein, Ulf, Roldán-Ruiz, Isabel, Mariotte, Pierre, and Hopkins, Alan

Subjects
species-mixtures, multifunctionality, forage crop breeding, overyielding
Abstract

Grassland Science in Europe, 24, Improving sown grasslands through breeding and management, ISBN:978-3-033-07278-7, ISBN:978-3-033-07279-4

Published
2019
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27. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and 2 African regions

Author

Gisela, Lüscher, Youssef, Ammari, Aljona, Andriets, Siyka, Angelova, Michaela, Arndorfer, Debra, Bailey, Katalin, Balázs, Marion, Bogers, Bunce, Robert G. H., Jean Philippe Choisis, Peter, Dennis, Mario, Díaz, Tetyana, Dyman, Sebastian, Eiter, Wendy, Fjellstad, Mariecia, Fraser, Friedel, Jürgen K., Salah, Garchi, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Tiziano, Gomiero, Guillermo González Bornay, Yana, Guteva, Philippe, Jeanneret, Jongman, Rob H. G., Max, Kainz, Norman, Kwikiriza, María Lourdes López Díaz, Gerardo, Moreno, Pip Nicholas Davies, Charles, Nkwiine, Julius, Opio, Paoletti, Maurizio G., László, Podmaniczky, Philippe, Pointereau, Fernando, Pulido, Jean Pierre Sarthou, Schneider, Manuel K., Tahar, Sghaier, Norman, Siebrecht, Siyka, Stoyanova, Sebastian, Wolfrum, Sergiy, Yashchenko, Harald, Albrecht, András, Báldi, Márta, Belényesi, Jacinto Benhadi Marin, Theo, Blick, Serge, Buholzer, Csaba, Centeri, Norma, Choisis, Gérard, Cuendet, De Lange, Hendrika J., Sylvain, Déjean, Christo, Deltshev, Díaz Cosín, Darío J., Wenche, Dramstad, Zoltán, Elek, Gunnar, Engan, Konstantin, Evtushenko, Eszter, Falusi, Finch, Oliver D., Thomas, Frank, Federico, Gavinelli, David, Genoud, Gillingham, Phillipa K., Viktor, Grónás, Mónica, Gutiérrez, Werner, Häusler, Xaver, Heer, Thomas, Hübner, Isaia, Marco, Gergely, Jerkovich, Jesus, Juan B., Esezah, Kakudidi, Eszter, Kelemen, Nóra, Koncz, Eszter, Kovacs, Anikó Kovács Hostyánszki, Luisa, Last, Toshko, Ljubomirov, Klaus, Mandery, Josef, Mayr, Atle, Mjelde, Christoph, Muster, Juri, Nascimbene, Johann, Neumayer, Frode, Ødegaard, Francisco Javier Ortiz Sánchez, Marie Louise Oschatz, Susanne Papaja Hülsbergen, Paschetta, Mauro, Mark, Pavett, Céline, Pelosi, Károly, Penksza, Reidun, Pommeresche, Victor, Popov, Volodymyr, Radchenko, Nina, Richner, Susanne, Riedel, John, Scullion, Daniele, Sommaggio, Ottó, Szalkovszki, Erich, Szerencsits, Dolores, Trigo, Jim, Vale, Ruud van Kats, Angel, Vasilev, Whittington, Andrew E., Jerylee Wilkes Allemann, and Tommaso, Zanetti

Subjects
permanent crop, habitat diversity, Tunisia, arable crop, agricultural management, Earthworm, agricultural management, arable crop, bee, BioBio, Earthworm, Grassland, habitat diversity, permanent crop, spider, Tunisia, Uganda, vascular plant, vascular plant, Uganda, BioBio, bee, Grassland, spider
Published
2016

28. Data from: How much would it cost to monitor farmland biodiversity in Europe?

Author

Geijzendorffer, I.R., Targetti, Stefano, Schneider, Manuel K., Brus, D.J., Jongman, R.H.G., Knotters, M., Bogers, M.M.B., Staritsky, I.G., Geijzendorffer, I.R., Targetti, Stefano, Schneider, Manuel K., Brus, D.J., Jongman, R.H.G., Knotters, M., Bogers, M.M.B., and Staritsky, I.G.

Abstract

To evaluate progress on political biodiversity objectives, biodiversity monitoring provides information on whether intended results are being achieved. Despite scientific proof that monitoring and evaluation increase the (cost) efficiency of policy measures, cost estimates for monitoring schemes are seldom available, hampering their inclusion in policy programme budgets. Empirical data collected from 12 case studies across Europe were used in a power analysis to estimate the number of farms that would need to be sampled per major farm type to detect changes in species richness over time for four taxa (vascular plants, earthworms, spiders and bees). A sampling design was developed to allocate spatially, across Europe, the farms that should be sampled. Cost estimates are provided for nine monitoring scenarios with differing robustness for detecting temporal changes in species numbers. These cost estimates are compared with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) budget (2014–2020) to determine the budget allocation required for the proposed farmland biodiversity monitoring. Results show that the bee indicator requires the highest number of farms to be sampled and the vascular plant indicator the lowest. The costs for the nine farmland biodiversity monitoring scenarios corresponded to 0·01%–0·74% of the total CAP budget and to 0·04%–2·48% of the CAP budget specifically allocated to environmental targets. Synthesis and applications. The results of the cost scenarios demonstrate that, based on the taxa and methods used in this study, a Europe-wide farmland biodiversity monitoring scheme would require a modest share of the Common Agricultural Policy budget. The monitoring scenarios are flexible and can be adapted or complemented with alternate data collection options (e.g. at national scale or voluntary efforts), data mobilization, data integration or modelling efforts.

Published
2015

29. EDITOR'S CHOICE: How much would it cost to monitor farmland biodiversity in Europe?

Author

Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., primary, Targetti, Stefano, additional, Schneider, Manuel K., additional, Brus, Dick J., additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Jongman, Robert H.G., additional, Knotters, Martin, additional, Viaggi, Davide, additional, Angelova, Siyka, additional, Arndorfer, Michaela, additional, Bailey, Debra, additional, Balázs, Katalin, additional, Báldi, András, additional, Bogers, Marion M. B., additional, Bunce, Robert G. H., additional, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, additional, Dennis, Peter, additional, Eiter, Sebastian, additional, Fjellstad, Wendy, additional, Friedel, Jürgen K., additional, Gomiero, Tiziano, additional, Griffioen, Arjan, additional, Kainz, Max, additional, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, additional, Lüscher, Gisela, additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Nascimbene, Juri, additional, Paoletti, Maurizio G., additional, Pointereau, Philippe, additional, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, additional, Siebrecht, Norman, additional, Staritsky, Igor, additional, Stoyanova, Siyka, additional, Wolfrum, Sebastian, additional, and Herzog, Felix, additional

Published
2015
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31. Strikingly high effect of geographic location on fauna and flora of European agricultural grasslands

Author

Lüscher, Gisela, primary, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Schneider, Manuel K., additional, Hector, Andrew, additional, Arndorfer, Michaela, additional, Balázs, Katalin, additional, Báldi, András, additional, Bailey, Debra, additional, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, additional, Dennis, Peter, additional, Eiter, Sebastian, additional, Elek, Zoltán, additional, Fjellstad, Wendy, additional, Gillingham, Phillipa K., additional, Kainz, Maximilian, additional, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, additional, Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen, additional, Paoletti, Maurizio G., additional, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, additional, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, additional, Siebrecht, Norman, additional, Wolfrum, Sebastian, additional, and Herzog, Felix, additional

Published
2015
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33. EDITOR'S CHOICE: How much would it cost to monitor farmland biodiversity in Europe?

Author

Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Targetti, Stefano, Schneider, Manuel K., Brus, Dick J., Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Robert H.G., Knotters, Martin, Viaggi, Davide, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Báldi, András, Bogers, Marion M. B., Bunce, Robert G. H., Choisis, Jean‐Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, and Friedel, Jürgen K.

Subjects
AGROBIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL policy, BUDGET, AGRICULTURAL policy, ACQUISITION of data, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
Abstract

To evaluate progress on political biodiversity objectives, biodiversity monitoring provides information on whether intended results are being achieved. Despite scientific proof that monitoring and evaluation increase the (cost) efficiency of policy measures, cost estimates for monitoring schemes are seldom available, hampering their inclusion in policy programme budgets., Empirical data collected from 12 case studies across Europe were used in a power analysis to estimate the number of farms that would need to be sampled per major farm type to detect changes in species richness over time for four taxa (vascular plants, earthworms, spiders and bees). A sampling design was developed to allocate spatially, across Europe, the farms that should be sampled., Cost estimates are provided for nine monitoring scenarios with differing robustness for detecting temporal changes in species numbers. These cost estimates are compared with the Common Agricultural Policy ( CAP) budget (2014-2020) to determine the budget allocation required for the proposed farmland biodiversity monitoring., Results show that the bee indicator requires the highest number of farms to be sampled and the vascular plant indicator the lowest. The costs for the nine farmland biodiversity monitoring scenarios corresponded to 0·01%-0·74% of the total CAP budget and to 0·04%-2·48% of the CAP budget specifically allocated to environmental targets., Synthesis and applications. The results of the cost scenarios demonstrate that, based on the taxa and methods used in this study, a Europe-wide farmland biodiversity monitoring scheme would require a modest share of the Common Agricultural Policy budget. The monitoring scenarios are flexible and can be adapted or complemented with alternate data collection options (e.g. at national scale or voluntary efforts), data mobilization, data integration or modelling efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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34. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO2.

Author

Maschler, Julia, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Wan, Joe, Andresen, Louise C., Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Lüscher, Andreas, Schneider, Manuel K., Müller, Christoph, Moser, Gerald, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Bilton, Mark C., Zhu, Kai, and Crowther, Thomas W.

Subjects
*COMMUNITIES, *CARBON cycle, *GEOLOGICAL carbon sequestration
Abstract

The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short‐term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population‐, community‐, ecosystem‐, and global‐scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long‐term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population‐scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2]‐induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2] from a variety of climatic and land‐use‐related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large‐scale modeling can represent the finer‐scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity

Author

Philippe Pointereau, Zoltán Elek, Tiziano Gomiero, Sebastian Wolfrum, Wendy Jane Fjellstad, Gergely Jerkovich, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Mario Díaz, Pippa Gillingham, Manuel K. Schneider, Michaela Arndorfer, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Juri Nascimbene, Katalin Balázs, Peter Dennis, Sebastian Eiter, Philippe Jeanneret, Daniele Sommaggio, Rob H. G. Jongman, Thomas Frank, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Gerardo Moreno, Norman Siebrecht, Marie-Louise Oschatz, Jürgen K. Friedel, Max Kainz, Felix Herzog, Maurizio G. Paoletti, András Báldi, Debra Bailey, Gisela Lüscher, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Agroscope, University of Applied Science Schmalkalden, SOLAGRO, Arche Noah, University Natural Resources and Life, Department of Radiation Medicine, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Extremadura, University of Bologna, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Commission 227161, Austrian Ministry for Science and Research, Lendulet program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Association Solagro (Solagro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Jeanneret, Philippe, Lüscher, Gisela, Schneider, Manuel K., Pointereau, Philippe, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Báldi, Andrá, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Diaz, Mario, Eiter, Sebastian, Elek, Zoltán, Fjellstad, Wendy, Frank, Thoma, Friedel, Jürgen K., Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gillingham, Pippa, Gomiero, Tiziano, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Moreno, Gerardo, Nascimbene, Juri, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Siebrecht, Norman, Sommaggio, Daniele, Wolfrum, Sebastian, and Herzog, Felix

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, RAREFACTION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, DEMAND, CONSERVATION, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity and Policy, Permanent crop, SUSTAINABILITY, Agricultural land, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, MANAGEMENT, Life Science, GE1-350, Agricultural productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, QE1-996.5, Land use, LANDSCAPE, Agroforestry, business.industry, INTENSITY, INTENSIFICATION, EXTRAPOLATION, Geology, 15. Life on land, Environmental sciences, Habitat destruction, Geography, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Arable land, business
Abstract

Conversion of semi-natural habitats, such as field margins, fallows, hedgerows, grassland, woodlots and forests, to agricultural land could increase agricultural production and help meet rising global food demand. Yet, the extent to which such habitat loss would impact biodiversity and wild species is unknown. Here we survey species richness for four taxa (vascular plants, earthworms, spiders, wild bees) and agricultural yield across a range of arable, grassland, mixed, horticulture, permanent crop, for organic and non-organic agricultural land on 169 farms across 10 European regions. We find that semi-natural habitats currently constitute 23% of land area with 49% of species unique to these habitats. We estimate that conversion of semi-natural land that achieves a 10% increase in agricultural production will have the greatest impact on biodiversity in arable systems and the least impact in grassland systems, with organic practices having better species retention than nonorganic practices., This work was funded by the European Union through FP7 project BioBio (Indicators for biodiversity in organic and low-input farming systems; www.biobio-indicator.org; Agreement Nr. 227161), by the Austrian Ministry for Science and Research, and by the Lendület program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Published
2021

36. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions

Author

Gisela Lüscher, Youssef Ammari, Aljona Andriets, Siyka Angelova, Michaela Arndorfer, Debra Bailey, Katalin Balázs, Marion Bogers, Robert G. H. Bunce, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Peter Dennis, Mario Díaz, Tetyana Dyman, Sebastian Eiter, Wendy Fjellstad, Mariecia Fraser, Jürgen K. Friedel, Salah Garchi, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Tiziano Gomiero, Guillermo González-Bornay, Yana Guteva, Felix Herzog, Philippe Jeanneret, Rob H. G. Jongman, Max Kainz, Norman Kwikiriza, María Lourdes López Díaz, Gerardo Moreno, Pip Nicholas-Davies, Charles Nkwiine, Julius Opio, Maurizio G. Paoletti, László Podmaniczky, Philippe Pointereau, Fernando Pulido, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Manuel K. Schneider, Tahar Sghaier, Norman Siebrecht, Siyka Stoyanova, Sebastian Wolfrum, Sergiy Yashchenko, Harald Albrecht, András Báldi, Márta Belényesi, Jacinto Benhadi-Marin, Theo Blick, Serge Buholzer, Csaba Centeri, Norma Choisis, Gérard Cuendet, Hendrika J. De Lange, Sylvain Déjean, Christo Deltshev, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Wenche Dramstad, Zoltán Elek, Gunnar Engan, Konstantin Evtushenko, Eszter Falusi, Oliver-D. Finch, Thomas Frank, Federico Gavinelli, David Genoud, Phillipa K. Gillingham, Viktor Grónás, Mónica Gutiérrez, Werner Häusler, Xaver Heer, Thomas Hübner, Marco Isaia, Gergely Jerkovich, Juan B. Jesus, Esezah Kakudidi, Eszter Kelemen, Nóra Koncz, Eszter Kovacs, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Luisa Last, Toshko Ljubomirov, Klaus Mandery, Josef Mayr, Atle Mjelde, Christoph Muster, Juri Nascimbene, Johann Neumayer, Frode Ødegaard, Francisco Javier Ortiz Sánchez, Marie-Louise Oschatz, Susanne Papaja-Hülsbergen, Mauro Paschetta, Mark Pavett, Céline Pelosi, Károly Penksza, Reidun Pommeresche, Victor Popov, Volodymyr Radchenko, Nina Richner, Susanne Riedel, John Scullion, Daniele Sommaggio, Ottó Szalkovszki, Erich Szerencsits, Dolores Trigo, Jim Vale, Ruud van Kats, Angel Vasilev, Andrew E. Whittington, Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann, Tommaso Zanetti, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts de Tunisie (INRGREF), Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Universidad de Oviedo, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Independent, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), University of Padova, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Technische Universitat Munchen, Makerere University Kampala (MUK), University of Extremadura, Department of Soil Science, Department of Biology, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Environmental & Landscape Management, Szent Istvan University, SOLAGRO, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Chercheur indépendant, Institut de Génie de l'environnement EPFL, Université de Lausanne, Conservatoire Régional des Espaces Naturels Midi-Pyrénées (CREN Midi-Pyrénées), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), nstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Tänikon Research Station ART, UE, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Association Solagro (Solagro), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Lüscher, Gisela, Ammari, Youssef, Andriets, Aljona, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G H, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Dyman, Tetyana, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia, Friedel, Jürgen K, Garchi, Salah, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R, Gomiero, Tiziano, González-Bornay, Guillermo, Guteva, Yana, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H G, Kainz, Max, Kwikiriza, Norman, López Díaz, María Lourde, Moreno, Gerardo, Nicholas-Davies, Pip, Nkwiine, Charle, Opio, Juliu, Paoletti, Maurizio G, Podmaniczky, László, Pointereau, Philippe, Pulido, Fernando, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K, Sghaier, Tahar, Siebrecht, Norman, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Yashchenko, Sergiy, Albrecht, Harald, Báldi, Andrá, Belényesi, Márta, Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Blick, Theo, Buholzer, Serge, Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Norma, Cuendet, Gérard, De Lange, Hendrika J, Déjean, Sylvain, Deltshev, Christo, Díaz Cosín, Darío J, Dramstad, Wenche, Elek, Zoltán, Engan, Gunnar, Evtushenko, Konstantin, Falusi, Eszter, Finch, Oliver-D, Frank, Thoma, Gavinelli, Federico, Genoud, David, Gillingham, Phillipa K, Grónás, Viktor, Gutiérrez, Mónica, Häusler, Werner, Heer, Xaver, Hübner, Thoma, Isaia, Marco, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jesus, Juan B, Kakudidi, Esezah, Kelemen, Eszter, Koncz, Nóra, Kovacs, Eszter, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Last, Luisa, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Mandery, Klau, Mayr, Josef, Mjelde, Atle, Muster, Christoph, Nascimbene, Juri, Neumayer, Johann, Ødegaard, Frode, Ortiz Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Paschetta, Mauro, Pavett, Mark, Pelosi, Céline, Penksza, Károly, Pommeresche, Reidun, Popov, Victor, Radchenko, Volodymyr, Richner, Nina, Riedel, Susanne, Scullion, John, Sommaggio, Daniele, Szalkovszki, Ottó, Szerencsits, Erich, Trigo, Dolore, Vale, Jim, van Kats, Ruud, Vasilev, Angel, Whittington, Andrew E, Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee, and Zanetti, Tommaso

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Vascular plant, habitat diversity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biobio, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Permanent crop, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, Uganda, earthworm, spider, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Ecology, vascular plant, Agriculture, Bees, Habitat diversity, Grassland, Europe, Geography, Dierecologie, Animal Ecology, Arable land, BioBio, Environmental Monitoring, Crops, Agricultural, Farms, Tunisia, arable crop, agricultural management, education, Tunesia, Biodiversity and Policy, 010603 evolutionary biology, Agricultural management, uganda, bee, grassland, permanent crop, Animals, Spider, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Farm enterprise, WIMEK, business.industry, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, tunisia, Animal ecology, Earthworm, Arable crop, Africa, Agricultural biodiversity, business
Abstract

Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. Since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management-related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm level. Therefore, in this study, data were collected on habitat characteristics, vascular plant, earthworm, spider, and bee communities and on the corresponding agricultural management in 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. In 15 environmental and agricultural homogeneous regions, 6-20 farms with the same farm type (e.g., arable crops, grassland, or specific permanent crops) were selected. If available, an equal number of organic and non-organic farms were randomly selected. Alternatively, farms were sampled along a gradient of management intensity. For all selected farms, the entire farmed area was mapped, which resulted in total in the mapping of 11 338 units attributed to 194 standardized habitat types, provided together with additional descriptors. On each farm, one site per available habitat type was randomly selected for species diversity investigations. Species were sampled on 2115 sites and identified to the species level by expert taxonomists. Species lists and abundance estimates are provided for each site and sampling date (one date for plants and earthworms, three dates for spiders and bees). In addition, farmers provided information about their management practices in face-to-face interviews following a standardized questionnaire. Farm management indicators for each farm are available (e.g., nitrogen input, pesticide applications, or energy input). Analyses revealed a positive effect of unproductive areas and a negative effect of intensive management on biodiversity. Communities of the four taxonomic groups strongly differed in their response to habitat characteristics, agricultural management, and regional circumstances. The data has potential for further insights into interactions of farmland biodiversity and agricultural management at site, farm, and regional scale.

Published
2016

37. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO 2 .

Author

Maschler J, Bialic-Murphy L, Wan J, Andresen LC, Zohner CM, Reich PB, Lüscher A, Schneider MK, Müller C, Moser G, Dukes JS, Schmidt IK, Bilton MC, Zhu K, and Crowther TW

Subjects
Biomass, Carbon, Carbon Cycle, Humans, Plants, Carbon Dioxide, Ecosystem
Abstract

The degree to which elevated CO 2 concentrations (e[CO 2 ]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short-term nature of CO 2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO 2 ] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO 2 ] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population-, community-, ecosystem-, and global-scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO 2 ] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO 2 ], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long-term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO 2 ] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population-scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO 2 ]-induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO 2 ] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO 2 ] from a variety of climatic and land-use-related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO 2 ] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO 2 ] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large-scale modeling can represent the finer-scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage., (© 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2022
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38. Natural estrogens in surface waters of a catchment with intensive livestock farming in Switzerland.

Author

Rechsteiner D, Wettstein FE, Warren BP, Vermeirssen ELM, Simon E, Schneider MK, Hollender J, and Bucheli TD

Subjects
Agriculture, Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Environmental Monitoring, Estradiol analysis, Livestock, Switzerland, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Estrogens analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

Natural estrogens such as 17α-estradiol (E2α), 17β-estradiol (E2β), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3), released to surface waters from both urban and agricultural sources, are endocrine disrupting for fish. Here, we assess the prevalence of livestock farming derived natural estrogens in tributaries and ponds in the agriculturally dominated catchment of Lake Baldegg, Switzerland. Passive samplers were deployed in the main tributary and daily time-proportional water samples were collected in five tributaries for 30 days at the beginning of the vegetation period. Furthermore, we took grab samples of 12 ponds in the catchment. Aqueous samples were liquid-liquid extracted, derivatized, and analysed with LC-MS/MS and stream water samples additionally with ERα-CALUX, a bioassay for assessing total estrogenic activity. Natural estrogens were regularly detected, with mean concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection to 0.55 ng L -1 for E2β and E1, respectively, and passive sampling and bioassay results largely confirmed these findings. Monte Carlo simulated mean natural estrogen concentrations underestimated measured ones by a factor of three to 11. An agricultural area's hydrological contribution and connectivity to surface waters seemed to be more important for the development of estrogen concentrations in streams than livestock densities in a catchment or the actual loads of slurry applied. Pond water occasionally contained natural estrogens in concentrations up to 8.6 ng L -1 for E2α. The environmental quality standards of the European Union (0.4 ng L -1 for E2β and 3.6 ng L -1 for E1) were never exceeded for longer than a day in tributaries, but E1 reached critical concentrations for aquatic organisms in ponds.

Published
2020
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