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WOS: 000482264200004 PubMed: 30821520 We investigated the effects of Nigella sativa oil on ovary volume, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in diabetic rats. We divided 21 adult female rats into three groups: controls, diabetics and diabetics + N. sativa oil. The diabetics + N. sativa oil group was given 0.2mg/kg/day N. sativa oil 6days/week for 4weeks. NF-kappa B and XIAP expression was assessed in ovarian sections using immunohistochemistry. The right and left ovary volumes were calculated using stereology. We also measured serum MDA, SOD, TAS and TOS levels. We found that N. sativa oil reduced hyperglycemia, but not to control levels. N. sativa oil also exhibited antioxidant properties as demonstrated by reduced serum TOS and MDA levels, and increased SOD and TAS levels compared to controls. We found no significant difference in total ovarian volume, XIAP or NF-kappa B expression among the groups, which may be due to the short study period. Our findings suggest that N. sativa oil may be useful for reducing blood glucose levels and elevated oxidant activity in diabetic patients. Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office of Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey [141318002] Funding for this research was provided by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office of Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey (project 141318002).

Introduction Following total knee arthroplasty surgery, attention should be paid to post-operative knee range of motion to achieve daily activities. Goniometer assessment is widely used to assess the range of motion in the post-operative period. This study aimed to determine the inter-rater ability of a smartphone application and visual estimation of the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty among different professions that commonly work together and compare whether any method is superior to another. Method Range of motion measurements was performed by four clinicians as two physiotherapists and two orthopedic fellows. They utilized the Goniometer Reports application for smartphones, universal goniometer, and visual estimation to measure angles of knees which was operated. A two-way mixed model of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence level was used to assess inter-rater reliability. Results Thirteen patients (11 female) and 20 knees (10 right) were assessed. The ICCs were found excellent both for between methods and between raters. Conclusion Our results show that technology seems a more accurate way to determine the knee range of motion after knee arthroplasty compared to senses. However, in lack of technological resources or time, or to avoid possible infection, visual estimation also could provide useful information.

Purpose: Performance-based outcome measures are becoming increasingly important in health care. The 2-minute walk test (2MWT) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) are frequently used in clinical trials as performance-based tests in many diseases including osteoarthritis. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine test-retest reliability of data for the 2MWT and the TUG; (2) to determine minimal detectable change (MDC) scores for the TUG and 2MWT in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: 37 patients, who had undergone primary THA, were included. Patients twice performed trials for the 2MWT and TUG on the same day. In addition to demographic data of patients, the Harris Hip Score, 2MWT and TUG scores were recorded. Results: The TUG and 2MWT showed excellent test-retest reliability. The Intraclass correlation coefficient ICC (2,1), Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable chance at the 95% CI (MDC95) for TUG were 0.96, 0.59 seconds and 1.62 seconds respectively. The ICC (2,1), SEM and MDC95 for 2MWT were 0.96, 6.37 m and 17.56 m respectively. Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers can be confident that greater changes than 1.62 seconds for TUG and 17.56 m for the 2MWT over time represent a real clinical change in rehabilitation process in patients with THA. Both the 2MWT and TUG may assist in early identification of patients who may need additional rehabilitation to reduce the potential for poor outcomes after THA. Therefore, both of these tests can be used in a clinical setting with a small measurement error.

Objective: Paraplegia is a dangerous complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Various studies have been conducted on the prevention of this complication and some spinal cord protection methods have been proposed. However, there is not any modality that prevent the development of paraplegia certainly. In the I / R period, primary injury triggers secondary injury due to increased inflammation, apoptosis and free radical formation. In this study, we evaluated that the neuroprotective effect of adalimumab in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: In total, 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1, control; Group 2, ischemia-reperfusion by infrarenal aortic clamping; Group 3, adalimumab treated followed by ischemia. Tissue and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed as a marker of inflammation and oxidation. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed, and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL method. Results: I/R injury significantly increases plasma and spinal cord tissue at TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 levels and reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 and increases plasma and tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Conclusion: Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces the spinal cord neuronal damage score and the number of apoptotic cells. This paper aims to demonstrate the important neuroprotective effects of adalimumab on rabbit spinal cord I/R injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of the 50-Foot Walk Test (50 FWT) and 30-second Chair Stand Test (30 CST) in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: The study was designed as a test-retest research. Thirty-three patients who would undergo bilateral TKA were recruited. The tests 30 CST and 50 FWT were performed twice on the same day with 5-minute intervals, respectively. Between the first and second tests, patients waited for an hour on sitting position in order to prevent fatigue. In addition to these tests, we registered the knee pain experienced by the patients using a 100 mm VAS scale. RESULTS: The 50 FWT and 30 CST showed excellent reliability. ICC for 50 FWT and 30 CST were 0.97 and 0.92, respectively. SRD95 was 1.07 for 50 FWT and 0.96 for 30 CST. CONCLUSIONS: According to results of this study, both 50 FWT and 30 CST have excellent reliability in patients with TKA. These tests are simple, no time consuming and constitute sensitive methods to measure the functional performance in patients with TKA in the clinical settings. Clinicians and researchers may use these tests to quantify even small changes in functional performance for patients with TKA. Level of Evidence III, Diagnostic Study.

OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia is an important risk factor for the development and progression of the macrovascular and microvascular complications that occur in diabetes. The expression of apoptotic markers in the aortic medial layer of diabetic rats and the effects of N. sativa L. seed oil on the expression of these markers were investigated in this study. METHODS Four-month-old adult female Wistar rats (n=21) were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, control; Group 2, diabetes and Group 3, diabetes+N. sativa L. seed oil. Group 3 received 0.2 mg/kg/day N. sativa L. seed (black cumin) oil intraperitoneally 6 days per week for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, abdominal and thoracic aortas of all animals were collected and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Then, 5-μm-thick sections were stained with Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain to evaluate Bax and Caspase 3 expression. Tunica intima-media thickness was measured using the stained sections. RESULTS There were no significant differences in abdominal or thoracic aortic intima-media thickness among the 3 groups. However, there were significant differences in Bax and Caspase 3 expression in the tunica media of the thoracic and abdominal aortas between Group 1 and Group 2 (p

Background The success of revision total knee arthroplasty depends on adequate exposure that does not produce complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of revision total knee arthroplasty between V-Y quadricepsplasty (QP) and quadriceps snip (QS) approaches. Methods In the study, 92 knees with follow-up of 12-108 months which were operated by using QP (55) and QS (37) were evaluated retrospectively. Measurements were taken by using universal transparent goniometer, also varus valgus deformities, knee flexion angles, instability, Hospital for Special Surgery and Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores, functional condition of the knee and activity levels of the patients were evaluated cross-sectionally. Results Statistically significant difference was not found regarding extensor restriction, varus or valgus deformities, knee flexion angles, flexor and extensor muscular strength, Hospital for Special Surgery and Lower Extremity Functional Scale score ( P > .05). Conclusion QP is a preferable method which allows a wider arthrotomy for stiff knees and revision knee surgery, and provides larger access to the joint. Choosing this incision does not bring disadvantage in terms of extensor mechanism.

To investigate the test-retest reliability of the 4-meter walk test (4 MWT) and 10-meter walk test (10 MWT) in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery during inpatient rehabilitation.In all, 102 patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), lower extremity fracture (LEF) and soft tissue operation were recruited. Patients performed two 4 MWT and two 10 MWT trials on the same day. The same researcher performed all the measurements to avoid inter-rater variability.The 4 MWT and 10 MWT were shown to have excellent test-retest reliability. The ICCs for the 4 MWT and 10 MWT were found as 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. The SEMs for the 4 MWT and 10 MWT were 2.0 and 5.5 seconds, respectively. The smallest real difference at the 95% confidence level (SRD95) was 5.5 seconds for the 4 MWT and 12.2 seconds for 10 MWT and SRD95 percentage was 31.2 for the 4 MWT and 28.5 for the 10 MWT.Both the 4 MWT and the 10 MWT have excellent reliability in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery such as TKA, THA, LEF and soft tissue operation during inpatient rehabilitation. Clinicians and researchers can be confident that changes above the SRD95s for the different patient groups, for both sexes and with regard to weight-bearing status, represent a real clinical change in rehabilitation process. Implications for Rehabilitation The 4 MWT and the 10 MWT are simple methods and were also shown to be reliable measurement methods in many patient groups. This study illustrates that the test-retest reliability of the 4 MWT and 10 MWT are excellent in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery during inpatient rehabilitation (ICC: 0.94 for 4 MWT, ICC: 0.95 for 10 MWT). Clinicians and researchers can be confident that changes above the SRD95s for the different patient groups, for both sexes and with regard to weight-bearing status represent a real clinical change in rehabilitation process.

Background Two-minute walk test (2MWT) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) are simple, quick, and can be applied in a short time as part of the routine medical examination. They were shown to be reliable and valid tests in many patient groups. The aims of the present study were: (1) to determine test-retest reliability of data for the TUG and 2MWT and (2) to determine minimal detectable change (MDC) scores for the TUG and 2MWT in patients with TKA. Methods Forty-eight patients with total knee arthroplasty, operated by the same surgeon, were included in this study. Patients performed trials for TUG and 2MWT twice on the same day. Between the first and second trials, patients waited for an hour on sitting position to prevent fatigue. Results The TUG and 2MWT showed an excellent test-retest reliability in this study. Intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(2,1)] for TUG and 2MWT were 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. Standard error of measurement and MDC 95 for TUG were 0.82 and 2.27, respectively. Standard error of measurement and MDC 95 for 2MWT were 5.40 and 14.96, respectively. Conclusion The TUG and 2MWT have an excellent test-retest reliability in patients with TKA. Clinicians and researchers can be confident that changes in TUG time above 2.27 seconds and changes in 2MWT distances above 14.96 meters, represent a "real" clinical change in an individual patient with TKA. We, therefore, recommend the use of these 2 tests as complementary outcome measures for functional evaluation in patients TKA.

The purpose was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the 50-Foot Timed Walk (50FWT), and 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30CST) in the patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). The study was a test-retest study. Thirty-seven patients with THA performed two trials for both the 30CTS and 50FWT on the same day with one hour interval. To assess reliability, the intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC(2,1)], standard error of measurement (SEM), the smallest real difference at the 95% confidence level (SRD95) were calculated. The ICCs for the 50FWT and 30CTS were 0.98 and 0.94, respectively. The SEM and SRD95 for the 50FWT and 30CTS were 0.3 and 0.8 seconds and 0.4 and 1.2 repeats, respectively. The test-retest reliability of the tests was very high. The 50FWT and 30CST are very reliable to measure the functional performance in patients with THA in the clinical settings.

Although a relationship between short pectoralis minor and upper trapezius and scapular dyskinesis has been postulated, no studies have investigated this theory. Understanding the effect of these muscle lengths on observable scapular dyskinesis may aid in determining risks and therefore making treatment decisions. Being aware of the magnitude of this effect would help gauge the significance of risks involved. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of pectoralis minor and upper trapezius lengths on scapular dyskinesis.Cross-sectional study.University research laboratory.Asymptomatic participants (n = 148; 296 arms) were evaluated.Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) was used to identify scapular dyskinesis, Pectoralis Minor Index (PMI) and Upper Trapezius Length Testing were used to determine muscle length.SDT+ arms had shorter pectoralis minor resting length (PMI: 7.49 ± 0.38) (p 0.001) and greater incidence of short upper trapezius (ISUT) (66.7%) (p 0.001) compared to SDT- arms (PMI:8.58 ± 0.75, ISUT:22.5%). With each decrease in PMI, the likelihood of having scapular dyskinesis increased 96% (p 0.001). Arms with short upper trapezius were 2.049 times more likely to exhibit scapular dyskinesis than those with normal length (p = 0.042).Having a shorter pectoralis minor and upper trapezius length substantially increased the likelihood of having visually observable scapular dyskinesis.

Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgical procedure in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis to reduce pain and improve locomotor function. However, TKA may result in severe postoperative pain, usually requiring hospitalization from 5 to 10 days to provide effective analgesia (1). Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a simple technique for the treatment of postoperative pain after TKA. However, the specific efficacy of LIA has been confounded by frequent limitations in study design (2). Objectives To investigate the efficacy of LIA in patients with TKA. Methods The study was designed as a randomized double blind placebo control trial. A total of 63 patients with primary total knee arthroplasty were randomized either to receive a periarticular local infiltration analgesia or to receive placebo injection (63 patients: 57 knee in LIA group, 44 knee in placebo group). Pain intensity, active range of motion, knee function score [Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score] and length of hospital stay (LOS) were evaluated. Functional activities were evaluated using the Iowa Level of Assistance Scale, and walking speed was evaluated using the Iowa Ambulation Velocity Scale. The dates of ability to perform straight leg raise actively and to reach 70° of knee flexion were recorded. Patients and investigator were blinded the groups. Results There were no significant differences between the groups for demographic characteristic. Lower pain scores were recorded on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2 after the operation in Group LIA (p p =0.034) and ability to perform straight leg raise actively in favour of Group LIA ( p =0.034). There was no significant difference between the groups in the HSS score, Iowa Level of Assistance Scale, Iowa Ambulation Velocity Scale and LOS. Conclusions Andersen and Kehlet reported that LIA significantly reduced pain intensity, specifically during standing and walking up to 48 h after operation. Our results suggest that LIA significantly reduced pain intensity in early postoperative day. This results are corroborate with Andersen and Kehlet9s study (2). We also have found a better recovery of knee flexion immediately after operation. Possible mechanisms of better recovery of knee flexion could be lower pain scores. Patients with lower pain scores can also perform earlier straight leg raise. However, LIA technique did not provide additional impact on LOS because LOS depends on many other factors. In conclusion, LIA significantly reduced pain intensity, improve recovery of active range of motion but did not provide additional impact on LOS compared with placebo injection in patients with TKA. References Kerr, DR, & Kohan, L. (2008). Local infiltration analgesia: a technique for the control of acute postoperative pain following knee and hip surgery: a case study of 325 patients. Acta Orthopaedica, 79(2), 174–183. Andersen, LO, & Kehlet, H. (2014). Analgesic efficacy of local infiltration analgesia in hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. British journal of anaesthesia, aeu155. Disclosure of Interest None declared