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37 results on '"Smit, Erasmus"'

4. Global phylogeny of Treponema pallidum lineages reveals recent expansion and spread of contemporary syphilis

Author

Beale, Mathew A., Marks, Michael, Cole, Michelle J., Lee, Min-Kuang, Pitt, Rachel, Ruis, Christopher, Balla, Eszter, Crucitti, Tania, Ewens, Michael, Fernández-Naval, Candela, Grankvist, Anna, Guiver, Malcolm, Kenyon, Chris R., Khairullin, Rafil, Kularatne, Ranmini, Arando, Maider, Molini, Barbara J., Obukhov, Andrey, Page, Emma E., Petrovay, Fruzsina, Rietmeijer, Cornelis, Rowley, Dominic, Shokoples, Sandy, Smit, Erasmus, Sweeney, Emma L., Taiaroa, George, Vera, Jaime H., Wennerås, Christine, Whiley, David M., Williamson, Deborah A., Hughes, Gwenda, Naidu, Prenilla, Unemo, Magnus, Krajden, Mel, Lukehart, Sheila A., Morshed, Muhammad G., Fifer, Helen, and Thomson, Nicholas R.

Published
2021
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5. Genomic Evidence of In-Flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Despite Predeparture Testing

Author

Swadi, Tara, Geoghegan, Jemma L., Devine, Tom, McElnay, Caroline, Sherwood, Jillian, Shoemack, Phil, Ren, Xiaoyun, Storey, Matt, Jefferies, Sarah, Smit, Erasmus, Hadfield, James, Kenny, Aoife, Jelley, Lauren, Sporle, Andrew, McNeill, Andrea, Reynolds, G. Edwin, Mouldey, Kip, Lowe, Lindsay, Sonder, Gerard, Drummond, Alexei J., Huang, Sue, Welch, David, Holmes, Edward C., French, Nigel, Simpson, Colin R., and de Ligt, Joep

Subjects
Distribution, Risk factors, Demographic aspects, Causes of, Health aspects, Company distribution practices, Airline passengers -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Demographic aspects -- Causes of, Epidemics -- Distribution -- New Zealand, COVID-19 -- Distribution -- Risk factors
Abstract

In response to the growing international risks associated with importation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), on March 20, 2020, New Zealand closed its borders to all but New Zealand citizens, permanent [...]

Published
2021
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6. Associations between baseline characteristics, CD4 cell count response and virological failure on first-line efavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine for HIV

Author

Stirrup, Oliver T., Sabin, Caroline A., Phillips, Andrew N., Williams, Ian, Churchill, Duncan, Tostevin, Anna, Hill, Teresa, Dunn, David T., Asboe, David, Pozniak, Anton, Cane, Patricia, Chadwick, David, Clark, Duncan, Collins, Simon, Delpech, Valerie, Douthwaite, Samuel, Dunn, David, Fearnhill, Esther, Porter, Kholoud, Stirrup, Oliver, Fraser, Christophe, Geretti, Anna Maria, Gunson, Rory, Hale, Antony, Hué, Stéphane, Lazarus, Linda, Leigh-Brown, Andrew, Mbisa, Tamyo, Mackie, Nicola, Orkin, Chloe, Nastouli, Eleni, Pillay, Deenan, Phillips, Andrew, Sabin, Caroline, Smit, Erasmus, Templeton, Kate, Tilston, Peter, Volz, Erik, Zhang, Hongyi, Fairbrother, Keith, Dawkins, Justine, O’Shea, Siobhan, Mullen, Jane, Cox, Alison, Tandy, Richard, Fawcett, Tracy, Hopkins, Mark, Booth, Clare, Renwick, Lynne, Schmid, Matthias L., Payne, Brendan, Hubb, Jonathan, Dustan, Simon, Kirk, Stuart, Bradley-Stewart, Amanda, Jose, Sophie, Thornton, Alicia, Huntington, Susie, Glabay, Adam, Shidfar, Shaadi, Lynch, Janet, Hand, James, de Souza, Carl, Perry, Nicky, Tilbury, Stuart, Youssef, Elaney, Gazzard, Brian, Nelson, Mark, Mabika, Tracey, Mandalia, Sundhiya, Anderson, Jane, Munshi, Sajid, Post, Frank, Adefisan, Ade, Taylor, Chris, Gleisner, Zachary, Ibrahim, Fowzia, Campbell, Lucy, Baillie, Kirsty, Gilson, Richard, Brima, Nataliya, Ainsworth, Jonathan, Schwenk, Achim, Miller, Sheila, Wood, Chris, Johnson, Margaret, Youle, Mike, Lampe, Fiona, Smith, Colette, Tsintas, Rob, Chaloner, Clinton, Hutchinson, Samantha, Walsh, John, Mackie, Nicky, Winston, Alan, Weber, Jonathan, Ramzan, Farhan, Carder, Mark, Leen, Clifford, Wilson, Alan, Morris, Sheila, Gompels, Mark, Allan, Sue, Palfreeman, Adrian, Lewszuk, Adam, Kegg, Stephen, Faleye, Akin, Ogunbiyi, Victoria, Mitchell, Sue, Hay, Phillip, Kemble, Christian, Martin, Fabiola, Russell-Sharpe, Sarah, Gravely, Janet, Allan, Sris, Harte, Andrew, Tariq, Anjum, Spencer, Hazel, Jones, Ron, Pritchard, Jillian, Cumming, Shirley, Atkinson, Claire, Mital, Dushyant, Edgell, Veronica, Allen, Juli, Ustianowski, Andy, Murphy, Cynthia, Gunder, Ilise, Trevelion, Roy, and Babiker, Abdel

Published
2019
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9. Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

Author

Gregson, John, Tang, Michele, Ndembi, Nicaise, Hamers, Raph L, Rhee, Soo-Yon, Marconi, Vincent C, Diero, Lameck, Brooks, Katherine A, Theys, Kristof, Rinke de Wit, Tobias, Arruda, Monica, Garcia, Frederico, Monge, Susana, Günthard, Huldrych F, Hoffmann, Christopher J, Kanki, Phyllis J, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeshwaran, Kerschberger, Bernard, Mor, Orna, Charpentier, Charlotte, Todesco, Eva, Rokx, Casper, Gras, Luuk, Helvas, Elias K, Sunpath, Henry, Di Carlo, Domenico, Antinori, Antonio, Andreoni, Massimo, Latini, Alessandra, Mussini, Cristina, Aghokeng, Avelin, Sonnerborg, Anders, Neogi, Ujjwal, Fessel, William J, Agolory, Simon, Yang, Chunfu, Blanco, Jose L, Juma, James M, Smit, Erasmus, Schmidt, Daniel, Watera, Christine, Asio, Juliet, Kurungi, Wilford, Tostevin, Anna, El-Hay, Tal, Clumeck, Nathan, Goedhals, Dominique, Van Vuuren, Cloete, Bester, Philip A, Sabin, Caroline, Mukui, Irene, Santoro, MARIA M, Perno, Carlo F, Hunt, Gillian, Morris, Lynn, Camacho, Ricardo, De Oliveira, Tulio, Pillay, Deenan, Schulter, Eugene, Murakami-Ogasawara, Akio, Reyes-Terán, Gustavo, Romero, Karla, Avila-Rios, Santiago, Sirivichayakul, Sunee, Ruxrungtham, Kiat, Mekprasan, Suwanna, Dunn, David, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Raizes, Elliot, Kantor, Rami, Shafer, Robert W, and Gupta, Ravindra K

Published
2016
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11. Using whole-genome sequencing in the rapid response to SARS-CoV-2 in Aotearoa New Zealand

Author

White, Rhys T, Jelley, Lauren, Douglas, Jordan, Xiaoyun Ren, Winter, David, Genomics Team, Covid-19 Wgs, Bunce, Michael, Carr, Sam, Mcneill, Andrea, Q Sue Huang, Swadi, Tara, Devine, Tom, Mcelnay, Caroline, Sherwood, Jillian, Shoemack, Phil, Fox-Lewis, Andrew, Williamson, Felicity, Harrower, Jay, Storey, Matt, Jefferies, Sarah, Smit, Erasmus, Hadfield, James, Kenny, Aoife, Sporle, Andrew, G Edwin Reynolds, Mouldey, Kip, Lowe, Lindsay, Sonder, Gerard, Drummond, Alexei J, Welch, David, Holmes, Edward C, French, Nigel, Simpson, Colin R, De Ligt, Joep, and Geoghegan, Jemma

Published
2023
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15. Investigating the role of whole genome sequencing in syphilis epidemiology: an English case study

Author

Beale, Mathew A., primary, Thorn, Louise, additional, Cole, Michelle J., additional, Pitt, Rachel, additional, Charles, Hannah, additional, Ewens, Michael, additional, French, Patrick, additional, Guiver, Malcolm, additional, Page, Emma E., additional, Smit, Erasmus, additional, Vera, Jaime H., additional, Sinka, Katy, additional, Hughes, Gwenda, additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Fifer, Helen, additional, and Thomson, Nicholas R., additional

Published
2022
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16. A comparison of the performance of saliva and nasopharyngeal nucleic acid amplification testing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in New Zealand

Author

Ussher, James, primary, McAuliffe, Gary, additional, Blackmore, Timothy, additional, Elvy, Juliet, additional, Fox-Lewis, Shivani, additional, Gilpin, Brent, additional, Grant, Jenny, additional, Nagappan, Radhika, additional, Smit, Erasmus, additional, Tan, Chor, additional, and Tiongko, Fernalynn, additional

Published
2022
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17. Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance

Author

Quick, Joshua, Loman, Nicholas J., Duraffour, Sophie, Simpson, Jared T., Severi, Ettore, Cowley, Lauren, Bore, Joseph Akoi, Koundouno, Raymond, Dudas, Gytis, Mikhail, Amy, Ouédraogo, Nobila, Afrough, Babak, Bah, Amadou, Baum, Jonathan H. J., Becker-Ziaja, Beate, Boettcher, Jan Peter, Cabeza-Cabrerizo, Mar, Camino-Sánchez, Álvaro, Carter, Lisa L., Doerrbecker, Juliane, Enkirch, Theresa, Dorival, Isabel García-, Hetzelt, Nicole, Hinzmann, Julia, Holm, Tobias, Kafetzopoulou, Liana Eleni, Koropogui, Michel, Kosgey, Abigael, Kuisma, Eeva, Logue, Christopher H., Mazzarelli, Antonio, Meisel, Sarah, Mertens, Marc, Michel, Janine, Ngabo, Didier, Nitzsche, Katja, Pallasch, Elisa, Patrono, Livia Victoria, Portmann, Jasmine, Repits, Johanna Gabriella, Rickett, Natasha Y., Sachse, Andreas, Singethan, Katrin, Vitoriano, Inês, Yemanaberhan, Rahel L., Zekeng, Elsa G., Racine, Trina, Bello, Alexander, Sall, Amadou Alpha, Faye, Ousmane, Faye, Oumar, Magassouba, NʼFaly, Williams, Cecelia V., Amburgey, Victoria, Winona, Linda, Davis, Emily, Gerlach, Jon, Washington, Frank, Monteil, Vanessa, Jourdain, Marine, Bererd, Marion, Camara, Alimou, Somlare, Hermann, Camara, Abdoulaye, Gerard, Marianne, Bado, Guillaume, Baillet, Bernard, Delaune, Déborah, Nebie, Koumpingnin Yacouba, Diarra, Abdoulaye, Savane, Yacouba, Pallawo, Raymond Bernard, Gutierrez, Giovanna Jaramillo, Milhano, Natacha, Roger, Isabelle, Williams, Christopher J., Yattara, Facinet, Lewandowski, Kuiama, Taylor, James, Rachwal, Phillip, Turner, Daniel J., Pollakis, Georgios, Hiscox, Julian A., Matthews, David A., Shea, Matthew K. Oʼ, Johnston, Andrew McD., Wilson, Duncan, Hutley, Emma, Smit, Erasmus, Di Caro, Antonino, Wölfel, Roman, Stoecker, Kilian, Fleischmann, Erna, Gabriel, Martin, Weller, Simon A., Koivogui, Lamine, Diallo, Boubacar, Keïta, Sakoba, Rambaut, Andrew, Formenty, Pierre, Günther, Stephan, and Carroll, Miles W.

Published
2016
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20. Contemporary syphilis is characterised by rapid global spread of pandemic Treponema pallidum lineages

Author

Beale, Mathew A., primary, Marks, Michael, additional, Cole, Michelle J., additional, Lee, Min-Kuang, additional, Pitt, Rachel, additional, Ruis, Christopher, additional, Balla, Eszter, additional, Crucitti, Tania, additional, Ewens, Michael, additional, Fernández-Naval, Candela, additional, Grankvist, Anna, additional, Guiver, Malcolm, additional, Kenyon, Chris R., additional, Khairulin, Rafil, additional, Kularatne, Ranmini, additional, Arando, Maider, additional, Molini, Barbara J., additional, Obukhov, Andrey, additional, Page, Emma E., additional, Petrovay, Fruzsina, additional, Rietmeijer, Cornelis, additional, Rowley, Dominic, additional, Shokoples, Sandy, additional, Smit, Erasmus, additional, Sweeney, Emma L., additional, Taiaroa, George, additional, Vera, Jaime H., additional, Wennerås, Christine, additional, Whiley, David M., additional, Williamson, Deborah A., additional, Hughes, Gwenda, additional, Naidu, Prenilla, additional, Unemo, Magnus, additional, Krajden, Mel, additional, Lukehart, Sheila A., additional, Morshed, Muhammad G., additional, Fifer, Helen, additional, and Thomson, Nicholas R., additional

Published
2021
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22. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Southern Region of New Zealand, 2020

Author

Craigie, Alyson, primary, McGregor, Reuben, additional, Whitcombe, Alana, additional, Carlton, Lauren, additional, Harte, David, additional, Sutherland, Michelle, additional, Parry, Matthew, additional, Smit, Erasmus, additional, McAuliffe, Gary, additional, Ussher, James, additional, Moreland, Nicole, additional, Jack, Susan, additional, and Upton, Arlo, additional

Published
2020
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23. A case study of extended in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2 en route to Aotearoa New Zealand

Author

Swadi, Tara, L. Geoghegan, Jemma, Devine, Tom, McElnay, Caroline, Shoemack, Phil, Ren, Xiaoyun, Storey, Matt, Jefferies, Sarah, Sherwood, Jillian, Smit, Erasmus, Hadfield, James, Kenny, Aoife, Jelley, Lauren, Sporle, Andrew, McNeill, Andrea, Reynolds, G. Edwin, Mouldey, Kip, Lowe, Lindsay, Sonder, Gerard, J. Drummond, Alexei, Huang, Qiu Sue, Welch, David, C. Holmes, Edward, French, Nigel, Simpson, Colin R., and Ligt, Joep de

Subjects
Epidemiology not elsewhere classified, Genomics, Health surveillance
Abstract

Background: Since the first wave of COVID-19 in March 2020, people returning to New Zealand have been required to undergo managed isolation and quarantine (MIQ) for 14 days with mandatory testing for SARS-CoV-2. As of 20 October, testing in MIQ had identified 215 cases of SARS-CoV-2 from a total of 62,698 arrivals. While the majority of infections were likely obtained in the country of origin prior to departure, there have been possible reports of in-flight transmission. Methods: Seven people who arrived in New Zealand on the same flight on 29 September tested positive during their stay in MIQ (out of 86 passengers). The seven passengers originated from five different countries before travelling on the same flight from Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) to Auckland, New Zealand. Information about their journeys, disease progression and virus genomic data was used to assess possible points of infection. Findings: All seven SARS-CoV-2 genomes were genetically identical, with the exception of a single mutation in one case, and all genomes had five signature mutations seen in only six other genomes from the >155,000 genomes sequenced globally. Four of these six related genome sequences were from Switzerland, the country of origin of the suspected index case. Interpretation: By combining information on disease progression, travel dynamics and genomic analysis, we conclude that at least four in-flight transmission events of SARS-CoV-2 likely took place.

Published
2020
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25. Virological failure and development of new resistance mutations according to CD4 count at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation

Author

Jose, S., Quinn, K., Dunn, D., Cox, A., Sabin, C., Fidler, S., Fisher, Martin, Gazzard, Brian, Gilson, Richard, Gompels, Mark, Hay, Phillip, Johnson, Margaret, Kegg, Stephen, Leen, C., Martin, Fabiola, Nelson, Mark, Palfreeman, Adrian, Post, F., Pritchard, Jillian, Sachikonye, Memory, Schwenk, Achim, Tariq, Anjum, Walsh, John, Hill, Teresa, Jose, Sophie, Phillips, Andrew, Sabin, Caroline, Thornton, Alicia, Dunn, David, Glabay, Adam, Fisher, M., Perry, N., Tilbury, S., Youssef, E., Churchill, D., Gazzard, B., Nelson, M., Everett, R., Asboe, D., Mandalia, S., Korat, H., Taylor, C., Gleisner, Z., Ibrahim, F., Campbell, L., Gilson, R., Brima, N., Williams, I., Johnson, M., Youle, M., Lampe, F., Smith, C., Tsintas, R., Chaloner, C., Hutchinson, S., Phillips, A., Hill, T., Thornton, A., Huntington, S., Walsh, J., Mackie, N., Winston, A., Weber, J., Ramzan, F., Carder, M., Orkin, C., Lynch, J., Hand, J., de Souza, C., Anderson, J., Munshi, S., Ainsworth, J., Schwenk, A., Miller, S., Wood, C., Wilson, A., Morris, S., Gompels, M., Allan, S., Palfreeman, A., Memon, K., Lewszuk, A., Chadwick, D., Cope, E., Gibson, J., Kegg, S., Main, P., Mitchell, Hunter, Hay, P., Dhillon, M., Martin, F., Russell-Sharpe, S., Harte, A., Clay, S., Tariq, A., Spencer, H., Jones, R., Pritchard, J., Cumming, S., Atkinson, C., Delpech, Valerie, Sachikony, M., Aitken, Celia, Asboe, David, Pozniak, Anton, Cane, Patricia, Chadwick, David, Churchill, Duncan, Clark, Duncan, Collins, Simon, Douthwaite, Samuel, Fearnhill, Esther, Porter, Kholoud, Tostevin, Anna, White, Ellen, Fraser, Christophe, Geretti, Anna Maria, Hale, Antony, Hué, Stéphane, Kaye, Steve, Kellam, Paul, Lazarus, Linda, Leigh-Brown, Andrew, Mbisa, Tamyo, Mackie, Nicola, Moses, Samuel, Orkin, Chloe, Nastouli, Eleni, Pillay, Deenan, Smit, Erasmus, Templeton, Kate, Tilston, Peter, Webster, Daniel, Williams, Ian, Zhang, Hongyi, Greatorex, Jane, O'Shea, Siobhan, Mullen, Jane, Cox, Alison, Tandy, Richard, Fawcett, Tracy, Hopkins, Mark, Ashton, Lynn, Booth, Claire, Garcia-Diaz, Ana, Shepherd, Jill, Schmid, Matthias L., Payne, Brendan, Pereira, Spiro, Hubb, Jonathan, Kirk, Stuart, Gunson, Rory, Bradley-Stewart, Amanda, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, HAART, HIV Infections, Treatment failure, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Treatment Failure, virological failure, Health Policy, UK CHIC and UK HDRD Steering Committees, Virological failure, 3. Good health, Antiretroviral therapy, Patient benefit, Infectious Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Viral load, Cart, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Short Communication, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, HIV-INFECTION, Virology, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Science & Technology, business.industry, HIV resistance, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 030112 virology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Immunology, Mutation, business
Abstract

Objectives No randomized controlled trials have yet reported an individual patient benefit of initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at CD4 counts > 350 cells/μL. It is hypothesized that earlier initiation of cART in asymptomatic and otherwise healthy individuals may lead to poorer adherence and subsequently higher rates of resistance development. Methods In a large cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we investigated the emergence of new resistance mutations upon virological treatment failure according to the CD4 count at the initiation of cART. Results Of 7918 included individuals, 6514 (82.3%), 996 (12.6%) and 408 (5.2%) started cART with a CD4 count ≤ 350, 351–499 and ≥ 500 cells/μL, respectively. Virological rebound occurred while on cART in 488 (7.5%), 46 (4.6%) and 30 (7.4%) with a baseline CD4 count ≤ 350, 351–499 and ≥ 500 cells/μL, respectively. Only four (13.0%) individuals with a baseline CD4 count > 350 cells/μL in receipt of a resistance test at viral load rebound were found to have developed new resistance mutations. This compared to 107 (41.2%) of those with virological failure who had initiated cART with a CD4 count

Published
2015
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29. Integrase inhibitor (INI) genotypic resistance in treatment-naive and raltegravir-experienced patients infected with diverse HIV-1 clades

Author

Doyle, Tomas, Dunn, David T., Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, De Mendoza, Carmen, Garcia, Frederico, Smit, Erasmus, Fearnhill, Esther, Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Kaiser, Rolf, Geretti, Anna Maria, CORONET Study Group, [Doyle,T] Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK. [Dunn,DT, Fearnhill,E] MRC Clinical Trial Unit at UCL, London, UK. [Ceccherini-Silberstein,F] Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [De Mendoza,C] Research Institute and Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain. [Garcia,F] HU San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. [Smit,E] Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. [Marcelin,AG] AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM-Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France. [Martinez-Picado,J] IrsiCaixa, ICREA and UVic-UCC, Barcelona, Spain. [Kaiser,R] Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Geretti,AM] Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK., and The study was supported by a research award made by Merck to the Royal Free Charitable Trust.

Subjects
Genotype, Anti-HIV Agents, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Integrase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], Estudios de cohortes, Mutation, Missense, HIV Infections, Integrase Inhibitors, Diseases::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Retroviridae Infections::Lentivirus Infections::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Viruses::RNA Viruses::Retroviridae::Lentivirus::Lentiviruses, Primate::HIV [Medical Subject Headings], Europa (continente), Cohort Studies, Mutación Missense, Raltegravir Potassium, Inhibidores de integrasa, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Original Research, Farmacorresistencia viral, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings], Infecciones por VIH, Europe, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation::Mutation, Missense [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Anti-HIV Agents [Medical Subject Headings], Fármacos anti-VIH, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings], HIV-1, VIH-1, Phenomena and Processes::Microbiological Phenomena::Drug Resistance, Microbial::Drug Resistance, Viral [Medical Subject Headings]
Abstract

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence and patterns of genotypic integrase inhibitor (INI) resistance in relation to HIV-1 clade. METHODS The cohort comprised 533 INI-naive subjects and 255 raltegravir recipients with viraemia who underwent integrase sequencing in routine care across Europe, including 134/533 (25.1%) and 46/255 (18.0%), respectively, with non-B clades (A, C, D, F, G, CRF01, CRF02, other CRFs, complex). RESULTS No major INI resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) occurred in INI-naive subjects. Among raltegravir recipients with viraemia (median 3523 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL), 113/255 (44.3%) had one or more major INI RAMs, most commonly N155H (45/255, 17.6%), Q148H/R/K + G140S/A (35/255, 13.7%) and Y143R/C/H (12/255, 4.7%). In addition, four (1.6%) raltegravir recipients showed novel mutations at recognized resistance sites (E92A, S147I, N155D, N155Q) and novel mutations at other integrase positions that were statistically associated with raltegravir exposure (K159Q/R, I161L/M/T/V, E170A/G). Comparing subtype B with non-B clades, Q148H/R/K occurred in 42/209 (20.1%) versus 2/46 (4.3%) subjects (P = 0.009) and G140S/A occurred in 36/209 (17.2%) versus 1/46 (2.2%) subjects (P = 0.005). Intermediate- to high-level cross-resistance to twice-daily dolutegravir was predicted in 40/255 (15.7%) subjects, more commonly in subtype B versus non-B clades (39/209, 18.7% versus 1/46, 2.2%; P = 0.003). A glycine (G) to serine (S) substitution at integrase position 140 required one nucleotide change in subtype B and two nucleotide changes in all non-B clades. CONCLUSIONS No major INI resistance mutations occurred in INI-naive subjects. Reduced occurrence of Q148H/R/K + G140S/A was seen in non-B clades versus subtype B, and was explained by the higher genetic barrier to the G140S mutation observed in all non-B clades analysed. Yes

Published
2015

32. Integrase inhibitor (INI) genotypic resistance in treatment-naive and raltegravir-experienced patients infected with diverse HIV-1 clades

Author

Doyle, Tomas, primary, Dunn, David T., additional, Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, additional, De Mendoza, Carmen, additional, Garcia, Frederico, additional, Smit, Erasmus, additional, Fearnhill, Esther, additional, Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve, additional, Martinez-Picado, Javier, additional, Kaiser, Rolf, additional, and Geretti, Anna Maria, additional

Published
2015
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34. An association between K65R and HIV-1 subtype C viruses in patients treated with multiple NRTIs.

Author

Smit, Erasmus, White, Ellen, Clark, Duncan, Churchill, Duncan, Hongyi Zhang, Collins, Simon, Pillay, Deenan, Sabin, Caroline, Nelson, Mark, Winston, Alan, Jose, Sophie, Tostevin, Anna, Dunn, David T., Zhang, Hongyi, and UK HIV Drug Resistance Database and the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort

Subjects
*HIV-positive persons, *HIV, *TENOFOVIR, *MEDICAL care, *HIV infections, *THERAPEUTICS, *ANTI-HIV agents, *REVERSE transcriptase inhibitors, *DRUG resistance in microorganisms, *GENETIC techniques, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *GENETIC mutation, *RESEARCH funding, *HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy, *DIDANOSINE (Drug), *STAVUDINE, *DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDES, *SEQUENCE analysis, *GENOTYPES
Abstract

Objectives: HIV-1 subtype C might have a greater propensity to develop K65R mutations in patients with virological failure compared with other subtypes. However, the strong association between viral subtype and confounding factors such as exposure groups and ethnicity affects the calculation of this propensity. We exploited the diversity of viral subtypes within the UK to undertake a direct comparative analysis.Patients and methods: We analysed only sequences with major IAS-defined mutations from patients with virological failure. Prevalence of K65R was related to subtype and exposure to the NRTIs that primarily select for this mutation (tenofovir, abacavir, didanosine and stavudine). A multivariate logistic regression model quantified the effect of subtype on the prevalence of K65R, adjusting for previous and current exposure to all four specified drugs.Results: Subtype B patients ( n  =   3410) were mostly MSM (78%) and those with subtype C ( n  =   810) were mostly heterosexual (82%). K65R was detected in 7.8% of subtype B patients compared with 14.2% of subtype C patients. The subtype difference in K65R prevalence was observed irrespective of NRTI exposure and K65R was frequently selected by abacavir, didanosine and stavudine in patients with no previous exposure to tenofovir. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that K65R was significantly more common in subtype C viruses (adjusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.55-2.62, P  <   0.001).Conclusions: Patients with subtype C HIV-1 have approximately double the frequency of K65R in our database compared with other subtypes. The exact clinical implications of this finding need to be further elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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35. Dried blood spot and mini-tube blood sample collection kits for postal HIV testing services: a comparative review of successes in a real-world setting.

Author

Page, Matthew, Atabani, Sowsan F., Wood, Martyn, Smit, Erasmus, Wilson, Steven, Atherton, Carol, Davenport, Clare F., Hartland, Daniel, Simpson, Mark, and Taylor, Stephen

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections, BLOOD testing, BLOOD collection, COMPARATIVE studies, DIAGNOSTIC errors, HETEROSEXUALITY, HIV infections, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, MEDICAL screening, POSTAL service, RESEARCH, SERODIAGNOSIS, TELEMEDICINE, VIRAL antibodies, VIRAL antigens, EVALUATION research
Abstract

Objectives: This is a comparative review between using dried blood spot (DBS) and mini-tube (MT) HIV sampling kits as part of an online sexually transmitted infection (STI) postal testing service. England has recently seen increases in internet-based and postal (eHealth) STI services. Expanding accessibility and testing for patients, cost implications and narrowing the HIV undiagnosed margin are drivers for this.Methods: In 2017, data were reviewed from an online postal STI kit requesting service at a time of transitioning from MT to DBS. We compared the STI postal kit and HIV blood sample return rates, and the successful processing/analysis rates of the DBS and MT kits. Descriptive statistics were applied to participant characteristics, with Pearson's χ2 or Fisher exact test used to demonstrate statistical differences. We also describe and calculate a 'request-to-result ratio' (RRR) for both kit types. The RRR is defined as the number of online kit requests required to produce one successfully analysed result.Results: 550 STI postal kit requests from a North-West of England region were reviewed from 13 June 2017 to 22 September 2017 (275 MT, 275 DBS). Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable (63% woman, 90% white British and 86% heterosexual with a median age of 26 years). The successful processing rate for the DBS was 98.8% c.f. 55.7% for the MT (p<0.001). The RRR for MT was 2.96, c.f. 1.70 for DBS. There was a 5.4% false positive HIV rate in the MT c.f. none in the DBS.Conclusions: This comparative analysis suggests that in this community setting, the use of postal HIV DBS kits resulted in a significantly improved RRR compared with MT. The biggest factor was the large number of MT samples not analysed due to inadequate blood volumes. The unexpected level of false positive results in the MT samples needs confirming in larger studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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36. The management of isolated positive syphilis enzyme immunoassay results in HIV-negative patients attending a sexual health clinic.

Author

Thorley, Nicola, Adebayo, Michael, Smit, Erasmus, and Radcliffe, Keith

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of syphilis, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, SEXUAL health, SEROLOGY, TREPONEMA pallidum, RETROSPECTIVE studies
Abstract

An unconfirmed positive treponemal enzyme immunoassay (enzyme immunoassay positive, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination negative and rapid plasma reagin negative) presents a clinical challenge to distinguish early syphilis infection from false-positive results. These cases are referred for syphilis line assay (INNO-LIA) and recalled for repeat syphilis serology. We performed a retrospective audit to establish the proportion of HIV-negative cases with unconfirmed positive enzyme immunoassay results, the proportion of these cases that received an INNO-LIA test and repeat syphilis serology testing and reviewed the clinical outcomes; 0.35% (80/22687) cases had an unconfirmed positive treponemal enzyme immunoassay result. Repeat syphilis serology was performed in 80% (64/80) cases, but no additional cases of syphilis were identified. Eighty-eight per cent (70/80) received an INNO-LIA test; 14% (5/37) unconfirmed enzyme immunoassay-positive cases with no prior history of syphilis were confirmed on INNO-LIA assay, supporting a diagnosis of latent syphilis. As a confirmatory treponemal test, the INNO-LIA assay may be more useful than repeat syphilis serological testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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37. Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

Author

Gregson, J, Tang, M, Ndembi, N, Hamers, Rl, Marconi, Vc, Brooks, K, Theys, K, Arruda, M, Garcia, F, Monge, S, Kanki, Pj, Kumarasamy, N, Kerschberger, B, Mor, O, Charpentier, C, Todesco, E, Rokx, C, Gras, L, Halvas, Ek, Sunpath, H, Carlo, Dd, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Latini, A, Mussini, C, Aghokeng, A, Sonnerborg, A, Neogi, U, Fessel, Wj, Agolory, S, Yang, C, Blanco, Jl, Juma, Jm, Smit, E, Schmidt, D, Watera, C, Asio, J, Kirungi, W, Tostevin, A, Clumeck, N, Goedhals, D, Bester, Pa, Sabin, C, Mukui, I, Santoro, M, Perno, Cf, Hunt, G, Morris, L, Pillay, D, Schulter, E, Reyes-Teran, G, Romero, K, Avila-Rios, S, Sirivichayakul, S, Ruxrungtham, K, Mekprasan, S, Dunn, D, Kaleebu, P, Raizes, E, Kantor, R, Gupta, Rk, Rhee, S, Shafer, Rw, de Wit, Tfr, Diero, L, Camacho, R, Gunthard, Hf, Hoffmann, Cj, Di Carlo, D, El-Hay, T, van Vuuren, C, de Oliveira, T, Murakami-Ogasawara, A, [Pillay, Deenan] UCL, Dept Infect, London WC1E 6BT, England, [Gupta, Ravindra K.] UCL, Dept Infect, London WC1E 6BT, England, [Tang, Michele] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, [Rhee, Soo-Yon] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, [Shafer, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, [Gregson, John] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Stat, London, England, [Ndembi, Nicaise] Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital, Nigeria, [Hamers, Raph L.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Hamers, Raph L.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA, [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA, [Diero, Lameck] Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya, [Diero, Lameck] Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya, [Brooks, Katherine] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA, [Theys, Kristof] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Camacho, Ricardo] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Kantor, Rami] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Arruda, Monica] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, LVM, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, [Garcia, Frederico] Complejo Hosp Univ Granada, Granada, Spain, Univ Alcala de Henares, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain, [Monge, Susana] CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain, [Gunthard, Huldrych F.] Univ Zurich, Div Infect Dis & Hosp Epidemiol, Zurich, Switzerland, [Gunthard, Huldrych F.] Univ Zurich, Inst Med Virol, Zurich, Switzerland, [Hoffmann, Christopher J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA, [Hoffmann, Christopher J.] Aurum Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Kanki, Phyllis J.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Kumarasamy, Nagalingeshwaran] VHS, YRGCARE Med Ctr, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, [Kerschberger, Bernard] Med Sans Frontieres Operat Ctr Geneva, Mbabane, Eswatini, [Mor, Orna] Israel Minist Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Cent Virol Lab, Jerusalem, Israel, [Charpentier, Charlotte] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France, [Charpentier, Charlotte] INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France, [Charpentier, Charlotte] Hop Bichat Claude Bernard, AP HP, Virol Lab, F-75018 Paris, France, [Todesco, Eva] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Lab Virol, Paris, France, [Rokx, Casper] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med Infect Dis, Rotterdam, Netherlands, [Gras, Luuk] Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Halvas, Elias K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA, [Sunpath, Henry] Ethekwini Dist Hlth Off, Kwa Zulu, South Africa, [Di Carlo, Domenico] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Surg, Rome, Italy, [Santoro, Maria M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Surg, Rome, Italy, [Antinori, Antonio] INMI L Spallanzani, Infect Dis Unit, Rome, Italy, [Andreoni, Massimo] Univ Hosp Tor Vergata, Clin Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Latini, Alessandra] San Gallicano Dermatol Inst, HIV AIDS Unit, Rome, Italy, [Mussini, Cristina] Azienda Osped Univ Policlin, Clin Infect Dis, Modena, Italy, [Aghokeng, Avelin] Virol Lab CREMER IMPM, Yaounde, Cameroon, [Sonnerborg, Anders] Karolinska Inst, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Neogi, Ujjwal] Karolinska Inst, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Sonnerborg, Anders] Karolinska Inst, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden, [Neogi, Ujjwal] Karolinska Inst, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden, [Sonnerborg, Anders] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden, [Neogi, Ujjwal] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden, [Fessel, William J.] Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program Northern Calif, San Francisco, CA USA, [Agolory, Simon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA, [Raizes, Elliot] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA, [Yang, Chunfu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA, [Blanco, Jose L.] Univ Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer, Clin Univ, Barcelona, Spain, [Juma, James M.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, [Smit, Erasmus] Publ Hlth England, Publ Hlth Lab, Birmingham, W Midlands, England, [Schmidt, Daniel] Robert Koch Inst, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol HIV AIDS STI & Blood Bo, Berlin, Germany, [Watera, Christine] Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, [Asio, Juliet] Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, [Kaleebu, Pontiano] Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, [Tostevin, Anna] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda, [Tostevin, Anna] UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England, [Dunn, David] UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England, [El-Hay, Tal] IBM Haifa Res Lab, Haifa, Israel, [Clumeck, Nathan] Univ Libre Bruxelles, St Pierre Univ Hosp, Brussels, Belgium, [Goedhals, Dominique] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Med Microbiol & Virol, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Bloemfontein, South Africa, [van Vuuren, Cloete] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Med Microbiol & Virol, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Bloemfontein, South Africa, [Sabin, Caroline] UCL, Infect & Populat Hlth, London, England, [Mukui, Irene] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, [Perno, Carlo F.] INMI L Spallanzani, Antiretroviral Drugs Monitoring Unit, Rome, Italy, [Hunt, Gillian] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Morris, Lynn] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa, [de Oliveira, Tulio] Wellcome Trust Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Durban, South Africa, [Pillay, Deenan] Wellcome Trust Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Durban, South Africa, [de Oliveira, Tulio] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Coll Hlth Sci, Durban, South Africa, [Schulter, Eugene] Univ Cologne, Inst Virol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany, [Murakami-Ogasawara, Akio] Natl Inst Resp Dis, Ctr Res Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, [Sirivichayakul, Sunee] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand, [Ruxrungtham, Kiat] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand, [Mekprasan, Suwanna] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand, [Kaleebu, Pontiano] MRC UVRI Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Wellcome Trust, MRC, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, and Medical Research Council

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Anti-HIV Agents, K65r, Drug Resistance, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Infections, Global Health, Settore MED/07, Virological failure, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Emtricitabine, Transmission, Highly Active, Viral, Tenofovir, Africa South of the Sahara, Benzoxazines, HIV-1, Lamivudine, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Viral Load, Hiv-1-infected patients, virus diseases, Articles, Antiretroviral therapy, Naive patients, Alkynes, Efavirenz
Abstract

Summary Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for controlling HIV-1 infection through wide-scale treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Potent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimens are increasingly used to treat and prevent HIV, although few data exist for frequency and risk factors of acquired drug resistance in regions hardest hit by the HIV pandemic. We aimed to do a global assessment of drug resistance after virological failure with first-line tenofovir-containing ART. Methods The TenoRes collaboration comprises adult HIV treatment cohorts and clinical trials of HIV drug resistance testing in Europe, Latin and North America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. We extracted and harmonised data for patients undergoing genotypic resistance testing after virological failure with a first-line regimen containing tenofovir plus a cytosine analogue (lamivudine or emtricitabine) plus a non-nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; efavirenz or nevirapine). We used an individual participant-level meta-analysis and multiple logistic regression to identify covariates associated with drug resistance. Our primary outcome was tenofovir resistance, defined as presence of K65R/N or K70E/G/Q mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. Findings We included 1926 patients from 36 countries with treatment failure between 1998 and 2015. Prevalence of tenofovir resistance was highest in sub-Saharan Africa (370/654 [57%]). Pre-ART CD4 cell count was the covariate most strongly associated with the development of tenofovir resistance (odds ratio [OR] 1·50, 95% CI 1·27–1·77 for CD4 cell count

Published
2016

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