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2. Analysis of rare disruptive germline mutations in 2135 enriched BRCA-negative breast cancers excludes additional high-impact susceptibility genes

Author

Ardern-Jones, A., Adlard, J., Ahmed, M., Attard, G., Bailey, K., Bancroft, E., Bardsley, C., Barton, D., Bartlett, M., Barwell, J., Baxter, L., Belk, R., Berg, J., Bernhard, B., Bishop, T., Boyes, L., Bradshaw, N., Brady, A.F., Brant, S., Brewer, C., Brice, G., Bromilow, G., Brooks, C., Bruce, A., Bulman, B., Burgess, L., Campbell, J., Canham, N., Castle, B., Cetnarskyj, R., Chapman, C., Claber, O., Coates, N., Cole, T., Collins, A., Cook, J., Coulson, S., Crawford, G., Cruger, D., Cummings, C., D’Mello, L., Davidson, R., Day, L., Dell, B., Dolling, C., Donaldson, A., Dorkins, H., Douglas, F., Downing, S., Drummond, S., Dubras, C., Dunlop, J., Durrell, S., Eccles, D., Eddy, C., Edwards, M., Edwards, E., Edwardson, J., Eeles, R., Ellis, I., Elmslie, F., Evans, G., Gibbons, B., Gardiner, C., Ghali, N., Giblin, C., Gibson, S., Goff, S., Goodman, S., Goudie, D., Greenhalgh, L., Grier, J., Gregory, H., Halliday, S., Hardy, R., Hartigan, C., Heaton, T., Henderson, A., Higgins, C., Hodgson, S., Homfray, T., Horrigan, D., Houghton, C., Houlston, R.S., Hughes, L., Hunt, V., Irvine, L., Izatt, L., Jacobs, C., James, S., James, M., Jeffers, L., Jobson, I., Jones, W., Kennedy, M.J., Kenwrick, S., Kightley, C., Kirk, C., Kirk, E., Kivuva, E., Kohut, K., Kosicka-Slawinska, M., Kulkarni, A., Kumar, A., Lalloo, F., Lambord, N., Langman, C., Leonard, P., Levene, S., Locker, S., Logan, P., Longmuir, M., Lucassen, A., Lyus, V., Magee, A., Male, A., Mansour, S., McBride, D., McCann, E., McConnell, V., McEntagart, M., McKeown, C., McLeish, L., McLeod, D., Melville, A., Mercer, L., Mercer, C., Miedzybrodzka, Z., Mitra, A., Morrison, P.J., Murday, V., Murray, A., Myhill, K., Myring, J., O'Hara, E., Paterson, J., Pearson, P., Pichert, G., Platt, K., Porteous, M., Pottinger, C., Price, S., Protheroe, L., Pugh, S., Quarrell, O., Randhawa, K., Riddick, C., Robertson, L., Robinson, A., Roffey-Johnson, V., Rogers, M., Rose, S., Rowe, S., Schofield, A., Rahman, N., Saya, S., Scott, G., Scott, J., Searle, A., Shanley, S., Sharif, S., Shaw, A., Shaw, J., Shea-Simonds, J., Side, L., Sillibourne, J., Simon, K., Simpson, S., Slater, S., Smalley, S., Smith, K., Snadden, L., Snape, K., Soloway, J., Stait, Y., Stayner, B., Steel, M., Steel, C., Stewart, H., Stirling, D., Thomas, M., Thomas, S., Tomkins, S., Turner, H., Vandersteen, A., Wakeling, E., Waldrup, F., Walker, L., Watt, C., Watts, S., Webber, A., Whyte, C., Wiggins, J., Williams, E., Winchester, L., Loveday, C., Garrett, A., Law, P., Hanks, S., Poyastro-Pearson, E., Adlard, J.W., Rogers, M.T., Evans, D.G., Hanson, H., and Turnbull, C.

Published
2022
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6. Emotional and non-emotional mental imagery and auditory verbal hallucinations (hearing voices): A systematic review of imagery assessment tools

Author

Janssen, H., Berg, K.C. van den, Paulik, G., Newman-Taylor, K., Taylor, C.D.J., Steel, C., Keijsers, G.P.J., Marcelis, M.C., Janssen, H., Berg, K.C. van den, Paulik, G., Newman-Taylor, K., Taylor, C.D.J., Steel, C., Keijsers, G.P.J., and Marcelis, M.C.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, It is unknown to what extent mental imagery and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are related. Trials evaluating this issue used both emotional and non-emotional mental imagery tools, thereby complicating outcomes comparisons. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review the literature on mental imagery in individuals with AVHs to (1) inventory imagery assessment tools used in this population, (2) to collect information on the relation between emotional and non-emotional mental imagery in all sensory domains and AVHs and (3) to integrate the outcomes of this systematic review in a model of different mental imagery domains and related assessment tools. We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed Database. After full-text screening, 17 papers were included. Findings showed that a variety of assessment methods have been used to assess various aspects of mental imagery in people with AVHs, suggesting that there is a lack of agreed theoretical conceptualization of mental imagery and AVHs. In addition, the studies confirmed as was expected that non-emotional mental imagery seemed unrelated to AVHs whereas emotional mental imagery was related to AVHs. Lastly, we proposed a model of mental imagery domains and corresponding assessment methods distinguishing between emotional and non-emotional mental imagery., 31 oktober 2023, 14 p.

Published
2023

7. Analysis of rare disruptive germline mutations in 2135 enriched BRCA-negative breast cancers excludes additional high-impact susceptibility genes

Author

Loveday, C., primary, Garrett, A., additional, Law, P., additional, Hanks, S., additional, Poyastro-Pearson, E., additional, Adlard, J.W., additional, Barwell, J., additional, Berg, J., additional, Brady, A.F., additional, Brewer, C., additional, Chapman, C., additional, Cook, J., additional, Davidson, R., additional, Donaldson, A., additional, Douglas, F., additional, Greenhalgh, L., additional, Henderson, A., additional, Izatt, L., additional, Kumar, A., additional, Lalloo, F., additional, Miedzybrodzka, Z., additional, Morrison, P.J., additional, Paterson, J., additional, Porteous, M., additional, Rogers, M.T., additional, Walker, L., additional, Eccles, D., additional, Evans, D.G., additional, Snape, K., additional, Hanson, H., additional, Houlston, R.S., additional, Turnbull, C., additional, Ardern-Jones, A., additional, Adlard, J., additional, Ahmed, M., additional, Attard, G., additional, Bailey, K., additional, Bancroft, E., additional, Bardsley, C., additional, Barton, D., additional, Bartlett, M., additional, Baxter, L., additional, Belk, R., additional, Bernhard, B., additional, Bishop, T., additional, Boyes, L., additional, Bradshaw, N., additional, Brant, S., additional, Brice, G., additional, Bromilow, G., additional, Brooks, C., additional, Bruce, A., additional, Bulman, B., additional, Burgess, L., additional, Campbell, J., additional, Canham, N., additional, Castle, B., additional, Cetnarskyj, R., additional, Claber, O., additional, Coates, N., additional, Cole, T., additional, Collins, A., additional, Coulson, S., additional, Crawford, G., additional, Cruger, D., additional, Cummings, C., additional, D’Mello, L., additional, Day, L., additional, Dell, B., additional, Dolling, C., additional, Dorkins, H., additional, Downing, S., additional, Drummond, S., additional, Dubras, C., additional, Dunlop, J., additional, Durrell, S., additional, Eddy, C., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Edwards, E., additional, Edwardson, J., additional, Eeles, R., additional, Ellis, I., additional, Elmslie, F., additional, Evans, G., additional, Gibbons, B., additional, Gardiner, C., additional, Ghali, N., additional, Giblin, C., additional, Gibson, S., additional, Goff, S., additional, Goodman, S., additional, Goudie, D., additional, Grier, J., additional, Gregory, H., additional, Halliday, S., additional, Hardy, R., additional, Hartigan, C., additional, Heaton, T., additional, Higgins, C., additional, Hodgson, S., additional, Homfray, T., additional, Horrigan, D., additional, Houghton, C., additional, Hughes, L., additional, Hunt, V., additional, Irvine, L., additional, Jacobs, C., additional, James, S., additional, James, M., additional, Jeffers, L., additional, Jobson, I., additional, Jones, W., additional, Kennedy, M.J., additional, Kenwrick, S., additional, Kightley, C., additional, Kirk, C., additional, Kirk, E., additional, Kivuva, E., additional, Kohut, K., additional, Kosicka-Slawinska, M., additional, Kulkarni, A., additional, Lambord, N., additional, Langman, C., additional, Leonard, P., additional, Levene, S., additional, Locker, S., additional, Logan, P., additional, Longmuir, M., additional, Lucassen, A., additional, Lyus, V., additional, Magee, A., additional, Male, A., additional, Mansour, S., additional, McBride, D., additional, McCann, E., additional, McConnell, V., additional, McEntagart, M., additional, McKeown, C., additional, McLeish, L., additional, McLeod, D., additional, Melville, A., additional, Mercer, L., additional, Mercer, C., additional, Mitra, A., additional, Murday, V., additional, Murray, A., additional, Myhill, K., additional, Myring, J., additional, O'Hara, E., additional, Pearson, P., additional, Pichert, G., additional, Platt, K., additional, Pottinger, C., additional, Price, S., additional, Protheroe, L., additional, Pugh, S., additional, Quarrell, O., additional, Randhawa, K., additional, Riddick, C., additional, Robertson, L., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Roffey-Johnson, V., additional, Rogers, M., additional, Rose, S., additional, Rowe, S., additional, Schofield, A., additional, Rahman, N., additional, Saya, S., additional, Scott, G., additional, Scott, J., additional, Searle, A., additional, Shanley, S., additional, Sharif, S., additional, Shaw, A., additional, Shaw, J., additional, Shea-Simonds, J., additional, Side, L., additional, Sillibourne, J., additional, Simon, K., additional, Simpson, S., additional, Slater, S., additional, Smalley, S., additional, Smith, K., additional, Snadden, L., additional, Soloway, J., additional, Stait, Y., additional, Stayner, B., additional, Steel, M., additional, Steel, C., additional, Stewart, H., additional, Stirling, D., additional, Thomas, M., additional, Thomas, S., additional, Tomkins, S., additional, Turner, H., additional, Vandersteen, A., additional, Wakeling, E., additional, Waldrup, F., additional, Watt, C., additional, Watts, S., additional, Webber, A., additional, Whyte, C., additional, Wiggins, J., additional, Williams, E., additional, and Winchester, L., additional

Published
2022
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10. MODELLING THE CLONAL EVOLUTION OF BURKITT LYMPHOMA USING PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFTS

Author

Chang, S., primary, Blair, H., additional, Bell, N., additional, Nakjang, S., additional, Steel, C., additional, Iliasova, A., additional, Zaka, M., additional, Singh, M., additional, Vogiatzi, F., additional, Frith, K., additional, Bashton, M., additional, Loeffen, J., additional, Schewe, D., additional, Heidenreich, O., additional, Vormoor, J., additional, Rand, V., additional, Bacon, C., additional, and Bomken, S., additional

Published
2022
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18. Managing dissociation in imagery rescripting for voice hearers with trauma: Lessons from a case series

Author

Paulik, G., Newman-Taylor, K., Steel, C, Arntz, A., Paulik, G., Newman-Taylor, K., Steel, C, and Arntz, A.

Abstract

Trauma, voice hearing, and dissociation tend to be closely linked. Cognitive models of voice hearing largely agree that traumatic events may predispose people to voice hearing via dissociative processes. While treating trauma in voice hearers may help to reduce voice distress and frequency, dissociation may be a barrier to this therapeutic work. This case series reports on the dissociative experiences of a subsample of voice hearing clients who reported dissociation during Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) for trauma (N = 6, 50% of original sample) in the case series study reported on previously (Paulik et al., 2019). The aims in the current paper were to explore the impact of dissociation on outcomes, the type of dissociative experiences encountered, where in the ImRs protocol they occurred, and the use of therapeutic techniques to address them. We found that clients who dissociated during therapy showed reductions in their trauma intrusions and voice-related distress and frequency. However, when compared to nondissociators, these benefits took more sessions to achieve. The most common types of dissociation were flashbacks, losing control over the image, emotional detachment, and trance/absorbed state. These were most likely to occur at points during the therapy where negative affect was heightened. Grounding and soothing techniques, as well as strategies to reduce the level of negative affect, were reported effective by participants in preventing or interrupting dissociation. We recommend that dissociation should not be a barrier to implementing imagery rescripting with this group.

Published
2020

19. Complete upper airway collapse and apnoea during tethered swimming in horses.

Author

Jones, S, Franklin, S, Martin, C, Steel, C, Jones, S, Franklin, S, Martin, C, and Steel, C

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge of the breathing strategy and impact on the patency of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in swimming horses. OBJECTIVES: To describe the respiratory responses and endoscopic appearance of the URT during tethered swimming in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. METHODS: Ten race-fit horses, with no history of URT obstruction, were examined during tethered swimming. Endoscopic examination, heart rate, sound recordings and above and below water video recordings were obtained. Plasma lactate concentration was measured before and 5 min after swimming and tracheal endoscopy was performed 30 min after exercise to assess for presence of blood or mucus. Four horses also underwent endoscopy during exercise on the track. RESULTS: Mean (±s.d.) breathing frequency was 28 ± 5 breaths/min during swimming, with a brief inspiration (mean ± s.d. TI = 0.51 ± 0.08 s), followed by a period of apnoea (1.59 ± 0.53 s) and then a short, forced expiration (TE = 0.42 ± 0.5 s). During apnoea all horses exhibited complete collapse of the URT including closure of the external nares, nasopharynx and rima glottidis (with bilateral adduction of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds) and, in two horses, epiglottic retroversion. No horses had URT collapse during overground exercise. Locomotor-respiratory coupling was not observed during swimming. Median (IQR) plasma lactate post swim was 4.71 mmol/L (2.08-8.09 mmol/L) vs 0.68 mmol/L (0.65-0.71 mmol/L) preswim. Post swim endoscopy revealed grade 1 exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in 2 horses. Median mucus grade was 1 (range 0-3). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Overground endoscopy was not performed in all horses. CONCLUSIONS: Horses experienced complete URT collapse associated with post inspiratory apnoea when swimming. The reason for this is unknown but may be to aid buoyancy or associated with the mammalian dive response - a survival reflex to preserve oxygen stores and prevent water enteri

Published
2020

21. Osteochondral fragmentation of the palmarolateral/plantarolateral aspect of the distal phalanx in four horses: A novel location.

Author

Lloyd, K. A., Smith, M. R. W., Whitton, R. C., Stent, A. W., and Steel, C. M.

Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging, LAMENESS in horses, JOINT hypermobility, SOFT tissue injuries, HORSES, MEDICAL digital radiography, CROSS-sectional imaging
Abstract

Summary: Four horses presenting for lameness were diagnosed with unilateral osteochondral fragmentation (OCF) of the palmarolateral/plantarolateral aspect of the distal phalanx within the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). Histological evaluation of one case supported a diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), with patient age and history from two cases suggesting a traumatic origin. Lesion appearance on conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), nuclear scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are described. Fragmentation was best identified on dorsal 65° proximal‐palmaro/plantarodistal oblique (D65°PrPDiO/D65°PrPlDiO) and dorsal 65° proximal‐palmaro/plantarodistal lateral oblique (D65°Pr45°L‐PDiMO/D65°Pr45°L‐PlDiMO) radiographic projections of the foot, but articular pathology appeared more severe on cross‐sectional imaging modalities. In all cases, lameness was refractory to conservative management. Arthroscopic evaluation of the DIPJ was performed in three horses, although the lesion was inaccessible in two. In one horse, access to the lesion was possible due to increased joint laxity, presumably due to concurrent soft tissue injury. One horse was euthanased after failed conservative management, one was pasture sound following palmar digital neurectomy 12 months after initial presentation, one returned to racing and one was lost to follow‐up. Osteochondral fragmentation at this location has not previously been described, treatment options are limited and the prognosis appears to be poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. The molecular landscape and associated clinical experience in infant medulloblastoma: prognostic significance of second‐generation subtypes

Author

Hicks, D., primary, Rafiee, G., additional, Schwalbe, E. C., additional, Howell, C. I., additional, Lindsey, J. C., additional, Hill, R. M., additional, Smith, A. J., additional, Adidharma, P., additional, Steel, C., additional, Richardson, S., additional, Pease, L., additional, Danilenko, M., additional, Crosier, S., additional, Joshi, A., additional, Wharton, S. B., additional, Jacques, T. S., additional, Pizer, B., additional, Michalski, A., additional, Williamson, D., additional, Bailey, S., additional, and Clifford, S. C., additional

Published
2020
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29. A systematic review of the effect of therapists’ internalised models of relationships on the quality of the therapeutic relationship

Author

Steel, C. and Macdonald, J.

Subjects
attachment, therapeutic relationship, working alliance, alliance/therapeutic alliance
Abstract

The quality of the therapeutic relationship has been identified as a key factor in predicting client outcomes, accounting for around 8% of variation (Horvath, Del Re, Flückiger, & Symonds, 2011; Martin, Garske, & Davis, 2000; Wampold, 2001). Although therapist factors have been seen as less relevant to therapeutic relationship quality than client factors, focus on therapist factors has steadily increased in line with the view that the therapist responds differently to different clients, due to their own personal characteristics and unconscious processes. Relational theory suggests that the therapist’s particular qualities combine with the client’s particular qualities to form a unique interpersonal context (e.g. Wachtel, 2008). Safran and Muran (2000) suggest that the interpersonal context is heavily influenced by client and therapist internalised patterns of relating formed in early childhood. Evidence shows that certain therapist factors do affect therapeutic relationship quality; the qualities of dependability, warmth and responsiveness in therapists have all been found to create stronger alliances (Ackerman & Hilsenroth, 2003). The importance of these mostly interpersonal characteristics imply that the internalised relational models of therapists may also be important in determining the type of relationship that is built and the therapeutic processes occurring within.

Published
2018

33. Characterisation of retained energised fragments from explosive devices in military personnel

Author

Breeze, John, Steel, C J, Streit, A, and Sarber, K M

Abstract

IntroductionCharacterising the shapes, dimensions and overall numbers of fragments produced by explosive devices is important for determining methods of potential mitigation, such as personal armour. The aim of this investigation was to compare the mass of excised fragments with that predicted from CT to ascertain the validity of using such an approach to measure retained fragments for multiple body areas using CT alone.Method27 retained fragments excised from consecutive patients treated at a US Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility in Afghanistan were examined. Each fragment was measured in three dimensions and the mass was obtained to estimate the density and thereby probable composition. These same excised fragments were identified radiologically and their predicted masses calculated and compared with the known masses with a paired t-test. The total numbers of retained fragments in each of four body areas for 20 casualties were determined radiographically and the mass of the largest fragment in each body region estimated.ResultsExcised fragments were most commonly metallic (17/27, 63%), with masses ranging from 0.008 to 37.6 g. Mean mass predicted from CT was significantly different from than that measured (p=0.133), with CT underestimating true mass by 5%–17%. 889/958 (93%) retained fragments appeared metallic on imaging, with the most commonly affected body areas being the torso and upper extremity (45% of casualties).ConclusionsPredicting the mass of metallic fragments from CT was possible with an error margin of up to 5%, but was less accurate for non-metallic fragments such as stone. Only 3% of fragments were removed through debridement or purposeful excision; these were not just the largest or most superficial. This suggests that future retrospective analysis of the dimensions and predicted masses of retained fragments in larger casualty cohorts of service personnel is potentially feasible within a small margin of error.

Published
2022
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35. Copper induces transcription of BcLCC2 laccase gene in phytopathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea.

Author

Buddhika, U. V. A., Savocchia, S., and Steel, C. C.

Subjects
LACCASE, PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi, GENES, BOTRYTIS cinerea, GALLIC acid, PLEUROTUS ostreatus, FUNGAL growth, COPPER
Abstract

Laccases are one of many groups of inducible enzymes produced by the filamentous fungus, Botrytis cinerea during colonisation of host plant tissues. While the processes involved in laccase induction are not fully understood, Cupric ions (e.g. CuSO4) and gallic acid (GA) have been reported as laccase inducers. This study investigates laccases activities and the expression of three laccase genes (BcLCC1, BcLCC2, BcLCC3) in three B. cinerea isolates grown in laccase-inducing medium (LIM) supplemented with CuSO4 and GA. Laccase activity in culture filtrates with CuSO4 increased after 48 h of growth in LIM at 24°C. The induction of BcLCC2 transcription was greatest at a concentration of 0.6 mM CuSO4, concentrations greater than 0.6 mM inhibited fungal growth. In contrast, no laccase induction was observed in the presence of GA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (NanoLC ESI MS/MS) analysis confirmed the presence of a 63.4 kDa protein, the BcLCC2 isoform in the culture filtrate with 0.6 mM CuSO4. Analysis of mRNA transcripts further showed BcLCC3 was also inducible and the expression of BcLCC2 and BcLCC3 was isolate-dependent. In conclusion, CuSO4 induces a 63.4 kDa laccase in B. cinerea by induced transcription of the BcLCC2 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. The molecular landscape and associated clinical experience in infant medulloblastoma: prognostic significance of second‐generation subtypes.

Author

Hicks, D., Rafiee, G., Schwalbe, E. C., Howell, C. I., Lindsey, J. C., Hill, R. M., Smith, A. J., Adidharma, P., Steel, C., Richardson, S., Pease, L., Danilenko, M., Crosier, S., Joshi, A., Wharton, S. B., Jacques, T. S., Pizer, B., Michalski, A., Williamson, D., and Bailey, S.

Subjects
INFANTS, MEDULLOBLASTOMA, SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry), PROGRESSION-free survival, DIAGNOSIS, BIOMARKERS, MOLECULAR pathology
Abstract

Aims: Biomarker‐driven therapies have not been developed for infant medulloblastoma (iMB). We sought to robustly sub‐classify iMB, and proffer strategies for personalized, risk‐adapted therapies. Methods: We characterized the iMB molecular landscape, including second‐generation subtyping, and the associated retrospective clinical experience, using large independent discovery/validation cohorts (n = 387). Results: iMBGrp3 (42%) and iMBSHH (40%) subgroups predominated. iMBGrp3 harboured second‐generation subtypes II/III/IV. Subtype II strongly associated with large‐cell/anaplastic pathology (LCA; 23%) and MYC amplification (19%), defining a very‐high‐risk group (0% 10yr overall survival (OS)), which progressed rapidly on all therapies; novel approaches are urgently required. Subtype VII (predominant within iMBGrp4) and subtype IV tumours were standard risk (80% OS) using upfront CSI‐based therapies; randomized‐controlled trials of upfront radiation‐sparing and/or second‐line radiotherapy should be considered. Seventy‐five per cent of iMBSHH showed DN/MBEN histopathology in discovery and validation cohorts (P < 0.0001); central pathology review determined diagnosis of histological variants to WHO standards. In multivariable models, non‐DN/MBEN pathology was associated significantly with worse outcomes within iMBSHH. iMBSHH harboured two distinct subtypes (iMBSHH‐I/II). Within the discriminated favourable‐risk iMBSHH DN/MBEN patient group, iMBSHH‐II had significantly better progression‐free survival than iMBSHH‐I, offering opportunities for risk‐adapted stratification of upfront therapies. Both iMBSHH‐I and iMBSHH‐II showed notable rescue rates (56% combined post‐relapse survival), further supporting delay of irradiation. Survival models and risk factors described were reproducible in independent cohorts, strongly supporting their further investigation and development. Conclusions: Investigations of large, retrospective cohorts have enabled the comprehensive and robust characterization of molecular heterogeneity within iMB. Novel subtypes are clinically significant and subgroup‐dependent survival models highlight opportunities for biomarker‐directed therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. Complete upper airway collapse and apnoea during tethered swimming in horses.

Author

Jones, S., Franklin, S., Martin, C., and Steel, C.

Abstract

Summary: Background: There is limited knowledge of the breathing strategy and impact on the patency of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in swimming horses. Objectives: To describe the respiratory responses and endoscopic appearance of the URT during tethered swimming in horses. Study design: Prospective descriptive study. Methods: Ten race‐fit horses, with no history of URT obstruction, were examined during tethered swimming. Endoscopic examination, heart rate, sound recordings and above and below water video recordings were obtained. Plasma lactate concentration was measured before and 5 min after swimming and tracheal endoscopy was performed 30 min after exercise to assess for presence of blood or mucus. Four horses also underwent endoscopy during exercise on the track. Results: Mean (±s.d.) breathing frequency was 28 ± 5 breaths/min during swimming, with a brief inspiration (mean ± s.d. TI = 0.51 ± 0.08 s), followed by a period of apnoea (1.59 ± 0.53 s) and then a short, forced expiration (TE = 0.42 ± 0.5 s). During apnoea all horses exhibited complete collapse of the URT including closure of the external nares, nasopharynx and rima glottidis (with bilateral adduction of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds) and, in two horses, epiglottic retroversion. No horses had URT collapse during overground exercise. Locomotor‐respiratory coupling was not observed during swimming. Median (IQR) plasma lactate post swim was 4.71 mmol/L (2.08–8.09 mmol/L) vs 0.68 mmol/L (0.65–0.71 mmol/L) preswim. Post swim endoscopy revealed grade 1 exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in 2 horses. Median mucus grade was 1 (range 0–3). Main limitations: Overground endoscopy was not performed in all horses. Conclusions: Horses experienced complete URT collapse associated with post inspiratory apnoea when swimming. The reason for this is unknown but may be to aid buoyancy or associated with the mammalian dive response – a survival reflex to preserve oxygen stores and prevent water entering the lungs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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39. Multifactorial Analysis of Differences Between Sporadic Breast Cancers and Cancers Involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations

Author

Lakhani, Sunil R., Jacquemier, Jocelyne, Sloane, John P., Gusterson, Barry A., Anderson, Thomas J., van de Vijver, Marc J., Farid, Linda M., Venter, Deon, Antoniou, Antonios, Storfer-Isser, Amy, Smyth, Elizabeth, Steel, C. Michael, Haites, Neva, Scott,, Rodney J., Goldgar, David, Neuhausen, Susan, Daly, Peter A., Ormiston, Wilma, McManus, Ross, Scherneck, Siegfried, Ponder, Bruce A. J., Ford, Debbie, Peto, Julian, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Bignon, Yves-Jean, Struewing, Jeffery P., Spurr, Nigel K., Bishop, D. Timothy, Klijn, J. G. M., Devilee, Peter, Cornelisse, Cees J., Lasset, Christine, Lenoir, Gilbert, Barkardottir, Rosa Bjork, Egilsson, Valgardur, Hamann, Ute, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Sobol, Hagay, Weber, Barbara, Stratton, Michael R., Easton, Douglas F., Lakhani, Sunil R., Jacquemier, Jocelyne, Sloane, John P., Gusterson, Barry A., Anderson, Thomas J., van de Vijver, Marc J., Farid, Linda M., Venter, Deon, Antoniou, Antonios, Storfer-Isser, Amy, Smyth, Elizabeth, Steel, C. Michael, Haites, Neva, Scott,, Rodney J., Goldgar, David, Neuhausen, Susan, Daly, Peter A., Ormiston, Wilma, McManus, Ross, Scherneck, Siegfried, Ponder, Bruce A. J., Ford, Debbie, Peto, Julian, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Bignon, Yves-Jean, Struewing, Jeffery P., Spurr, Nigel K., Bishop, D. Timothy, Klijn, J. G. M., Devilee, Peter, Cornelisse, Cees J., Lasset, Christine, Lenoir, Gilbert, Barkardottir, Rosa Bjork, Egilsson, Valgardur, Hamann, Ute, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Sobol, Hagay, Weber, Barbara, Stratton, Michael R., and Easton, Douglas F.

Abstract

Background: We have previously demonstrated that breast cancers associated with inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations differ from each other in their histopathologic appearances and that each of these types differs from breast cancers in patients unselected for family history (i.e., sporadic cancers). We have now conducted a more detailed examination of cytologic and architectural features of these tumors. Methods: Specimens of tumor tissue (5-µm-thick sections) were examined independently by two pathologists, who were unaware of the case or control subject status, for the presence of cell mitosis, lymphocytic infiltration, continuous pushing margins, and solid sheets of cancer cells; cell nuclei, cell nucleoli, cell necrosis, and cell borders were also evaluated. The resulting data were combined with previously available information on tumor type and tumor grade and further evaluated by multifactorial analysis. All statistical tests are two-sided. Results: Cancers associated with BRCA1 mutations exhibited higher mitotic counts (P = .001), a greater proportion of the tumor with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and more lymphocytic infiltration (P = .002) than sporadic (i.e., control) cancers. Cancers associated with BRCA2 mutations exhibited a higher score for tubule formation (fewer tubules) (P = .0002), a higher proportion of the tumor perimeter with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and a lower mitotic count (P = .003) than control cancers. Conclusions: Our study has identified key features of the histologic phenotypes of breast cancers in carriers of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. This information may improve the classification of breast cancers in individuals with a family history of the disease and may ultimately aid in the clinical management of patients. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1138-45]

Published
2017

47. Effect of temperature on Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Greeneria uvicola mixed fungal infection of Vitis vinifera grape berries

Author

Steel, C. C., Greer, L. A., Sandra Savocchia, and Samuelian, S. K.

Abstract

Detached Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berries (12.5° Bé) were inoculated either singularly or in combination with spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Greeneria uvicola and the degree of disease expression examined at either 20 or 27 °C. Berries were more susceptible to B. cinerea at 20 °C and to G. uvicola at 27 °C but were highly susceptible to C. acutatum at either temperature. In experiments involving inoculation of berries with mixtures of fungal organisms, B. cinerea infection was diminished at 27 °C by either C. acutatum or G. uvicola but only by C. acutatum at 20 °C. G. uvicola infection was diminished by C. acutatum at both temperatures investigated. B. cinerea reduced the level of infection of both C. acutatum and G. uvicola at 20 °C. The findings have implications for seasonal bunch rot management of grapes in relation to predicted changes in global temperature., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 50 No. 2 (2011): Vitis

Published
2015
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49. Internal aorto‐iliac thrombosis in a Thoroughbred: Unsuccessful surgical thrombectomy, a proposed aetiopathogenesis and spontaneous partial regression.

Author

Lloyd, K. A., Vallance, S. A., Denton, M. J., and Steel, C. M.

Subjects
ILIAC artery, THROMBOSIS, ENDORECTAL ultrasonography, ABDOMINAL aorta, SYMPTOMS, CEREBRAL arteries
Abstract

Summary: A 4‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding with severe left hindlimb lameness and colic‐like signs lasting 30–60 min post‐exercise was diagnosed with unilateral internal aorto‐iliac thrombosis. The thrombus was identified using transrectal ultrasonography in the terminal aorta and was initially thought to extend into the left external iliac artery. However, attempted thrombectomy via a left femoral arteriotomy performed under general anaesthesia using thrombectomy and angioplasty catheters was unsuccessful, as the thrombus was located in the left internal iliac artery. Transrectal ultrasound evaluation was repeated monthly for 12 months post‐operatively during which time the gelding remained asymptomatic at rest. As removal of thrombi in the external but not internal iliac artery may be possible, correct diagnosis of the location of the thrombus is critical in preventing unnecessary attempts at surgical correction. The aetiology remains unknown, but altered haemodynamics within the abdominal aorta with mechanical stresses during intense exercise are proposed as a cause of thrombus formation. The sequential monitoring of this case also conflicts the assumption that thrombi in this location propagate over time as partial regression was observed 6 months after referral and 9 months after onset of clinical signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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