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Trabajo presentado en el XI Congreso de Ficología de Latinoamérica y El Caribe y la IX Reunión Iberoamericana de Ficología, celebrado en Cali (Colombia), del 5 al 10 de noviembre de 2017, Dictyota fasciola is a relatively common species of eulittoral pools and the shallow subtidal in the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. Dictyota mediterranea is a rarer species, endemic from the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea where it occupies a similar habitat than the preceding species. As occurs in the majority of Dictyota species, these two taxa are notoriously difficult to identify based on morphological, anatomical, or reproductive characters. Indeed, D. mediterranea was reduced to a synonym of D. fasciola by Feldmann (1937) on the basis of similarities in color, width of the axes, and shape of the apices. However, D. mediterranea shows a terete thallus at the base and the apex – but complanate in the middle part – and a multilayered medulla. In contrast, axes of D. fasciola are all complanate, and a multilayered medulla is restricted to the basal parts of the thallus. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies indicated that both species are closely related (Tronholm et al. 2010), but results pointed out clear genetic differentiation among them. In our current project, we aim to examine the evolutionary relationship between these two species from phylogeographic and systematic points of view, Financial support was provided by Fundación Biodiversidad