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The data behavior of the pion-photon transition form factor (TFF) is discussed using a nonlinear mathematical model with two parameters $B$ and $C$. We show for the Belle data that the inherent inhibition of this model inevitably yields asymptotically to the saturation of the transition form factor in agreement with perturbative QCD. We find that the half-saturated TFF and the asymptotic limit of this model are interrelated and use this property in conjunction with the $1\sigma$ $(B,C)$ confidence ellipse to improve the quality of the fit of the Belle data. We show that the observed asymptotic saturation of the model is analogous to a mechanical system driven by a feedback-loop mechanism. The study of another parametrization without inhibition reveals that in this case asymptotic stability is not possible so that the uninhibited TFF continues to grow. In order to compare the key features of these two fit models, a conformity protocol in terms of QCD-based criteria is proposed., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures 2 column format

We study two versions of lightcone sum rules to calculate the $\gamma^*\gamma\rightarrow\pi^0$ transition form factor (TFF) within QCD. While the standard version is based on fixed-order perturbation theory by means of a power-series expansion in the strong coupling, the new method incorporates radiative corrections by renormalization-group summation and generates an expansion within a generalized fractional analytic perturbation theory involving only analytic couplings. Using this scheme, we determine the relative nonperturbative parameters and the first two Gegenbauer coefficients of the pion distribution amplitude (DA) to obtain TFF predictions in good agreement with the preliminary BESIII data, while the best-fit pion DA satisfies the most recent lattice constraints on the second moment of the pion DA at the three-loop level., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Work dedicated to the memory of Maxim Polyakov, a deeply admired colleague and friend of ours. Presented at Virtual Tribute to Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, August 2nd-6th, 2021

We discuss cross-link relations between the $\pi$ and $\rho$-meson channels emerging from two different descriptions of the QCD vacuum: Instanton physics and QCD sum rules with nonlocal condensates (NLC). We derive in both schemes an intriguing linear relation between the $\pi$ and the $\rho^\|$-meson distribution amplitudes in terms of their conformal coefficients and work out the specific impact of the scalar NLC in these two channels. Using a simple model with Gaussian decay of the scalar NLC, we are able to relate it to the moments of the pion non-singlet parton distribution function measurable in experiment -- a highly nontrivial result. The implications for the pion and the $\rho^\|$-meson DAs entailed by the obtained cross-link relations are outlined in terms of two generic scenarios., Comment: 9 pages, 1 table, 4 figures. V2 matches published version

We show that using renormalization-group summation to generate the QCD radiative corrections to the $\pi-\gamma$ transition form factor, calculated with lightcone sum rules (LCSR), renders the strong coupling free of Landau singularities while preserving the QCD form-factor asymptotics. This enables a reliable applicability of the LCSR method to momenta well below 1 GeV$^2$. This way, one can use the new preliminary BESIII data with unprecedented accuracy below 1.5 GeV$^2$ to fine tune the prefactor of the twist-six contribution. Using a combined fit to all available data below 3.1 GeV$^2$, we are able to determine all nonperturbative scale parameters and a few Gegenbauer coefficients entering the calculation of the form factor. Employing these ingredients, we determine a pion distribution amplitude with conformal coefficients $(b_2,b_4)$ that agree at the $1\sigma$ level with the data for $Q^2 \leqslant 3.1$ GeV$^2$ and fulfill at the same time the lattice constraints on $b_2$ at N$^3$LO together with the constraints from QCD sum rules with nonlocal condensates.The form-factor prediction calculated herewith reproduces the data below 1 GeV$^2$ significantly better than analogous predictions based on a fixed-order power-series expansion in the strong coupling constant., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, [v3] reformatted in two-column style, 15 pages; references added, typos corrected, [v4] minor corrections

We study the pion-photon transition form factor (TFF) $F^{\gamma*\gamma\pi^0}(Q^2)$ using a state-of-the art implementation of light cone sum rules (LCSRs) within fixed-order QCD perturbation theory. The spectral density in the dispersion relation includes all currently known radiative corrections up to the next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) and all twist contributions up to order six. Predictions for the TFF are obtained for various pion distribution amplitudes (DAs) of twist two, including two-loop evolution which accounts for heavy-quark mass thresholds. The influence of the main theoretical uncertainties is quantified in order to enable a more realistic comparison with the data. The characteristics of various pion DAs are analyzed in terms of the conformal coefficients $a_2$ and $a_4$ in comparison with the $1\sigma$ and $2\sigma$ error regions of the data and the most recent lattice constraints on $a_2$ with NLO and NNLO accuracy. Our results provide more stringent bounds on the variation of the pion DA and illuminate the corresponding asymptotic behavior of the calculated TFF., Comment: 16 pages, 3 tables, 4 figures; derives partly from arXiv:1904.02631; text revised and expanded; more and updated figures; references added; discussion of new results. References added. V3 matches version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

We consider the lightcone sum-rule (LCSR) description of the pion-photon transition form factor in combination with the renormalization group of QCD. The emerging scheme represents a certain version of Fractional Analytic Perturbation Theory and significantly extends the applicability domain of perturbation theory towards lower momenta $Q^2\lesssim 1$ GeV$^2$. We show that the predictions calculated herewith agree very well with the released preliminary data of the BESIII experiment, which have very small errors just in this region, while the agreement with other data at higher $Q^2$ is compatible with the LCSR predictions obtained recently by one of us using fixed-order perturbation theory., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, talk presented at the "XXIV International Workshop on High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory" (22 - 29 September 2019, Sochi, Russia). A number of misprints are corrected

We discuss the evaluation of the transition form factor (TFF) $F^{\gamma*\gamma\pi^0}(Q^2)$ by means of QCD theory and by state-space reconstruction from topological data analysis. We first calculate this quantity in terms of quark-gluon interactions using light cone sum rules (LCSRs). The spectral density includes radiative corrections in leading, next-to-leading, and next-to-next-to-leading-order of perturbative QCD. Besides, it takes into account the twist-four and twist-six terms. The hard-scattering part in the LCSR is convoluted with various pion distribution amplitudes with different morphologies in order to obtain a wide range of predictions for the form factor, including two-loop evolution which accounts for heavy-quark thresholds. We then use nonlinear time series analysis to extract information on the long-term $Q^2$ behavior of the measured scaled form factor in terms of state-space attractors embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$. These are reconstructed by applying the Packard-Takens method of delays to appropriate samplings of the data obtained in the CLEO, \textit{BABAR}, and Belle single-tagged $e^+e^- \to e^+e^-\pi^0$ experiments. The corresponding lag plots show an aggregation of states around the value $Q^2F^{\gamma*\gamma\pi^0}(Q^2) \approx 0.165\pm 0.005$ GeV pertaining to the momentum interval $Q^2\in [9-11]$~GeV$^2$. We argue that this attractor portrait is a transient precursor of a distribution of states peaking closer to the asymptotic limit $Q^2F^{\gamma*\gamma\pi^0}(Q^2\to \infty)=\sqrt{2}f_\pi$~GeV. More data with a regular increment of 1~GeV$^2$ in the range between 10 and 25~GeV$^2$ would be sufficient to faithfully determine the terminal portrait of the attractor., Comment: 26 pages, 2 tables, 9 figures, uses two-column format. In V2, url's in [22] and [24] removed to resolve problem with format. V3 contains in Figs. 2, 3, 8, 9 comparison with preliminary BESIII data [48] and extended explanations in text

We consider the lightcone sum-rule description of the pion-photon transition form factor, based on dispersion relations, in combination with the renormalization group of QCD, in terms of the formal solution of the Efremov-Radyushkin-Brodsky-Lepage evolution equation, and show that the emerging scheme amounts to a certain version of Fractional Analytic Perturbation Theory (FAPT). In order to ensure the correct asymptotic behavior of the considered physical quantity, this modified FAPT version has to be supplemented by process-specific boundary conditions---in contrast to the standard one. However, it provides the advantage of significantly improving the inclusion of radiative corrections in the low-momentum regime of QCD perturbation theory using renormalization-group summation., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures. This version implements the Erratum published in Phys. Rev. D 101,059901(E)(2020). The figures have been updated accordingly

A survey is presented on the current status of 3D nucleon tomography. Several research frontiers are addressed that dominate modern physics from theory to current and future experiments. We have now a much more detailed spatial image of the nucleon thanks to various theoretical concepts and methods to describe its charge distribution and spin decomposition which are highlighted here. The progress of lattice computations of these quantities is reported and the prospects of what we can come to expect in the near future are discussed. Multi-dimensional maps of the nucleon's partonic structure appear now within reach of forthcoming experiments., Comment: Based on the Plenary Round Table at XII Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, 29 August - 3 September, 2016, Thessaloniki, Greece, 32 pages, 1 Table 17 Figures (embedded as pdf). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.1244

We consider the pion-photon transition form factor at low to intermediate spacelike momenta within the theoretical framework of light-cone sum rules. We derive predictions which take into account all currently known contributions stemming from QCD perturbation theory up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) and by including all twist terms up to order six. In order to enable a more detailed comparison with forthcoming high-precision data, we also estimate the main systematic theoretical uncertainties, stemming from various sources, and discuss their influence on the calculations --- in particular the dominant one related to the still uncalculated part of the NNLO contribution. The analysis addresses, in broad terms, also the role of the twist-two pion distribution amplitude derived with different approaches., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Based on the talk given at the XIIth International Conference "Quark Confinement and the Hadronic Spectrum" (Thessaloniki, Greece, 28 August - 4 September 2016)

We consider the calculation of the pion-photon transition form factor $F^{\gamma^*\gamma\pi^0}(Q^2)$ within light-cone sum rules focusing attention to the low-mid region of momenta. The central aim is to estimate the theoretical uncertainties which originate from a wide variety of sources related to (i) the relevance of next-to-next-to-leading order radiative corrections (ii) the influence of the twist-four and the twist-six term (iii) the sensitivity of the results on auxiliary parameters, like the Borel scale $M^2$, (iv) the role of the phenomenological description of resonances, and (v) the significance of a small but finite virtuality of the quasireal photon. Predictions for $F^{\gamma^*\gamma\pi^0}(Q^2)$ are presented which include all these uncertainties and found to comply within the margin of experimental error with the existing data in the $Q^2$ range between 1 and 5 GeV$^2$, thus justifying the reliability of the applied calculational scheme. This provides a solid basis for confronting theoretical predictions with forthcoming data bearing small statistical errors., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. Version 3 includes complete Fig. 4 and all Eqs.(B7). Conclusions unchanged; matches version to appear in Phys. Rev. D

We attempt to identify a path layout in the definition of transverse-momentum-dependent T-odd parton distribution functions (TMD)s which combines features of both, initial- and final-state interactions, so that it remains universal despite the fact that the Wilson lines entering such TMDs change their orientation. The generic structure of the quark correlator for this path layout is calculated., Comment: Proceedings for Light Cone 2015, 5 pages. Current version accepted for publication in Few-Body Systems

The pion-photon transition form factor is studied by employing two types of Sum Rules: Light Cone Sum Rules (LCSR) and Anomaly Sum Rules (ASR). By comparing the predictions for the pion-photon transition form factor, obtained from these two approaches, the applicability limit of the LCSRs at low momenta is determined. Reciprocally, the ASR threshold dependence on the momentum was extracted using our LCSR-based method in combination with two different types of pion distribution amplitudes and found that at higher Q2 it approaches a constant., Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, 2 figures

Using QCD sum rules with nonlocal condensates, we show that the distribution amplitude of the longitudinally polarized $\rho$-meson may have a shorttailed platykurtic profile in close analogy to our recently proposed platykurtic distribution amplitude for the pion. Such a chimera distribution de facto amalgamates the broad unimodal profile of the distribution amplitude, obtained with a Dyson-Schwinger equations-based computational scheme, with the suppressed tails characterizing the bimodal distribution amplitudes derived from QCD sum rules with nonlocal condensates. We argue that pattern formation, emerging from the collective synchronization of coupled oscillators, can provide a single theoretical scaffolding to study unimodal and bimodal distribution amplitudes of light mesons without recourse to particular computational schemes and the reasons for them., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. In v2 a typo in Eq. (12) corrected. V3 contains clarifications in text; typos corrected; Table expanded; new references included and discussed; conclusions unchanged; matches version to be published in Nucl. Phys. A. V4: typos in AdS/QCD entries in Table I and in text, bottom of page 5, corrected. In v6 typo in expression for gauge link below Eq. (1) corrected