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12,683 results on '"Sudo A"'

1. Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score is Better for Predicting Oncological Outcome in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Compared to High-Sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score

Author

Nakamura T, Asanuma K, Hagi T, and Sudo A

Subjects
soft tissue sarcoma, modified glasgow prognostic score, high-sensitivity modified glasgow prognostic score, oncological outcome, c-reactive protein, albumin, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Tomoki Nakamura, Kunihiro Asanuma, Tomohito Hagi, Akihiro Sudo Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, JapanCorrespondence: Tomoki Nakamura, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan, Tel +81592315022, Fax +81592315211, Email tomoki66@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jpBackground: Inflammation plays a critical role in the development, progression, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of tumours. We compared the usefulness of the high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (HS-mGPS) and mGPS in predicting oncological outcomes in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) who underwent primary surgical tumour resection.Methods: Between 2002 and 2018, 144 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 63 years. The mean follow-up period was 76 months.Results: The disease-specific survival (DSS) at five years was 71.5% in all patients. When patients were divided into three groups according to the HS-mGPS and mGPS, those with a score of 1 or 2 had a poorer DSS than those with a score of 0, respectively. When we compared the survival rate among the 98 patients with both HS-mGPS and mGPS of 0 and 21 patients with HS-mGPS of 1 and mGPS of 0, there was no significant difference in the prognosis. In multivariate analysis, larger tumour size and higher mGPS remained significant.Conclusion: mGPS is a reliable system for identifying patients at high risk for death in patients with STSs.Keywords: soft tissue sarcoma, modified Glasgow prognostic score, high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score, oncological outcome, C-reactive protein, albumin

Published
2022

2. Clinical Outcome in Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients with Lung Metastasis Who Received Metastasectomy and/or Radiofrequency Ablation: Tokai Musculoskeletal Oncology Consortium Study

Author

Nakamura T, Asanuma K, Takao M, Yamanaka T, Koike H, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Tsukushi S, Kuroda H, Kozawa E, Sano M, Aiba H, Nakanishi R, Nagano A, Yamada K, Shido Y, Kawanami K, Izubuchi Y, Sudo A, and Nishida Y

Subjects
lung metastasis, metastasectomy, radiofrequency ablation, soft tissue sarcoma, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Tomoki Nakamura,1 Kunihiro Asanuma,1 Motoshi Takao,2 Takashi Yamanaka,3 Hiroshi Koike,4 Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa,5 Satoshi Tsukushi,6 Hiroaki Kuroda,7 Eiji Kozawa,8 Masaaki Sano,9 Hisaki Aiba,10 Ryoichi Nakanishi,11 Akihito Nagano,12 Kenji Yamada,13 Yoji Shido,14 Katsuhisa Kawanami,15 Yuya Izubuchi,16 Akihiro Sudo,1 Yoshihiro Nishida4,17 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; 3Department of Radiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 5Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 7Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 8Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 9Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 10Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 11Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 12Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu, Japan; 13Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; 14Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, Japan; 15Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan; 16Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan; 17Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanCorrespondence: Tomoki NakamuraDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, JapanTel +81592315022Fax +81592315211Email tomoki66@med.mie-u.ac.jpPurpose: Here, we investigated the oncological outcomes of lung metastasectomy and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of 92 patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at nine institutions.Methods: The study cohort included 65 men and 27 women with a mean age of 59 years at the time of metastasis. The mean follow-up duration was 51 months. All patients underwent metastasectomy and/or RFA for lung metastasis.Results: The mean maximum size of the initial lung metastasis was 14.6 mm. At the initial evaluation, 41 patients had a single metastasis, whereas 51 patients had multiple metastases. The mean number of metastasectomies and/or RFA was 2 per patient. A total of 70 patients underwent lung metastasectomy, whereas the other 13 underwent lung RFA. The remaining nine patients underwent both RFA and metastasectomy. The 5-year post-metastatic survival rate was 52%. The patients who underwent complete treatment for the initial metastasis had better post-metastatic survival rates than those who underwent incomplete treatment. A univariate analysis of all possible prognostic factors for complete treatment confirmed the predictive value of disease-free interval, metastasis at initial presentation, distribution, tumor size, and number of lung metastases. Of the 92 patients, 74 underwent complete treatment for initial metastasis; in these patients, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a smaller tumor size and single-lung metastasis were prognostic factors for superior post-metastatic survival. The patients with a smaller (< 11.5 mm) single metastasis had better post-metastasis survival. The 5-year post-metastatic survival rates were 89.9% for patients with a smaller (< 11.5 mm) single metastasis versus 22.7% for patients with larger (> 11.5 mm) and multiple metastases.Discussion: We propose that complete treatment for lung metastasis in patients with STS may improve post-metastatic survival rates. Furthermore, tumor number and size are important variables for clinical decision-making.Keywords: lung metastasis, metastasectomy, radiofrequency ablation, soft tissue sarcoma

Published
2021

3. Possible Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Before and After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Author

Hasegawa M, Tone S, Naito Y, and Sudo A

Subjects
neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, persistent postoperative pain, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Masahiro Hasegawa, Shine Tone, Yohei Naito, Akihiro Sudo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, JapanCorrespondence: Masahiro HasegawaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, JapanTel +81-59-231-5022Fax +81-59-231-5211Email masahase@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jpPurpose: Although the pain of osteoarthritis (OA) is traditionally considered to be nociceptive, some patients also have neuropathic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of neuropathic pain in the knees of OA patients using the painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ).Methods: A total of 180 knees in 158 consecutive patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were enrolled prospectively. The prevalence of neuropathic pain, unclear pain, and nociceptive pain in the knee was determined before and after TKA using a numerical rating scale (NRS). All patients were evaluated preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Neuropathic pain and unclear pain were grouped together as possible neuropathic pain. The relationship between possible neuropathic pain and pain intensity was evaluated.Results: Before TKA, neuropathic pain and unclear pain were found in 10 and 30 knees, respectively. The remaining 140 knees were categorized as nociceptive pain. After TKA, the numbers of knees with neuropathic and unclear pain decreased to one and five, respectively. The prevalence of possible neuropathic pain decreased significantly from 22.2% to 3.3% after surgery. Among the six knees with possible neuropathic pain postoperatively, four had possible neuropathic pain preoperatively as well, while the remaining two patients had been classified as nociceptive pain preoperatively. Knees with possible neuropathic pain postoperatively had higher postoperative NRS scores than those with nociceptive pain.Conclusion: Although the prevalence of possible neuropathic pain decreased significantly after TKA, the preoperative presence of possible neuropathic pain might be associated with the development of persistent postoperative pain following TKA.Keywords: neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, persistent postoperative pain

Published
2021

4. Central Sensitization in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Population-Based Study of a Japanese Mountain Village

Author

Akeda K, Takegami N, Yamada J, Fujiwara T, Nishimura A, and Sudo A

Subjects
central sensitization, low back pain, central sensitization inventory, general population, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Koji Akeda, Norihiko Takegami, Junichi Yamada, Tatsuhiko Fujiwara, Akinobu Nishimura, Akihiro Sudo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, JapanCorrespondence: Koji AkedaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, JapanTel +81-59-231-5022Fax +81-59-231-5211Email k_akeda@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jpPurpose: Central sensitization (CS) is defined as the increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold afferent input. CS has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of chronic pain in musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain (LBP). A Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) has recently been developed for screening participants with CS. However, the association of CS with chronic LBP (cLBP) in the general population remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CS with cLBP using the CSI in a population-based cohort of a Japanese mountain village.Participants and Methods: Participants aged more than 50 years were recruited from the inhabitants of a mountain village in Japan. Participants completed the following patient-reported outcome measures. Severity of CS was assessed by the CSI. LBP intensity was measured on a numerical rating scale (NRS). Health-related quality of life (QOL) was measured using the EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D), EuroQol-visual analogue scales (EQ-VAS), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The association of CS and each parameter was statistically evaluated.Results: A total of 272 participants (average age: 72.1 years-old) were analyzed in this study, and 28.3% had cLBP. Average NRS, ODI and CSI scores were significantly higher in the cLBP group than in the without LBP (LBP−) group. There was a significant correlation between CSI and NRS scores (r=0.34, P< 0.0001), ODI (r=0.60, P< 0.0001), EQ5D (r=− 0.55, P< 0.0001) and EQ-VAS (r=− 0.52, P< 0.0001). A multiple regression analysis identified that ODI, EQ-VAS and age were factors significantly associated with CSI.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that CS is involved in the pathological condition of cLBP in the local residents of a Japanese mountain village.Keywords: central sensitization, low back pain, Central Sensitization Inventory, general population

Published
2021

5. Complete Graph Identification in Population Protocols

Author

Kanaya, Haruki and Sudo, Yuichi

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

We consider the population protocol model where indistinguishable state machines, referred to as agents, communicate in pairs. The communication graph specifies potential interactions (\ie communication) between agent pairs. This paper addresses the complete graph identification problem, requiring agents to determine if their communication graph is a clique or not. We evaluate various settings based on: (i) the fairness preserved by the adversarial scheduler -- either global fairness or weak fairness, and (ii) the knowledge provided to agents beforehand -- either the exact population size $n$, a common upper bound $P$ on $n$, or no prior information. Positively, we show that $O(n^2)$ states per agent suffice to solve the complete graph identification problem under global fairness without prior knowledge. With prior knowledge of $n$, agents can solve the problem using only $O(n)$ states under weak fairness. Negatively, we prove that complete graph identification remains unsolvable under weak fairness when only a common upper bound $P$ on the population size $n$ is known.

Published
2024

6. Shower Separation in Five Dimensions for Highly Granular Calorimeters using Machine Learning

Author

Lai, S., Utehs, J., Wilhahn, A., Fouz, M. C., Bach, O., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Heuchel, D., Irles, A., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., De Silva, M., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Liu, L., Masuda, R., Murata, T., Ootani, W., Seino, T., Takatsu, T., Tsuji, N., Pöschl, R., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Hummer, F., Simon, F., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Nanni, J., Videau, H., Buhmann, E., Garutti, E., Huck, S., Kasieczka, G., Martens, S., Rolph, J., Wellhausen, J., Bilki, B., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Emberger, L., and Graf, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

To achieve state-of-the-art jet energy resolution for Particle Flow, sophisticated energy clustering algorithms must be developed that can fully exploit available information to separate energy deposits from charged and neutral particles. Three published neural network-based shower separation models were applied to simulation and experimental data to measure the performance of the highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL) technological prototype in distinguishing the energy deposited by a single charged and single neutral hadron for Particle Flow. The performance of models trained using only standard spatial and energy and charged track position information from an event was compared to models trained using timing information available from AHCAL, which is expected to improve sensitivity to shower development and, therefore, aid in clustering. Both simulation and experimental data were used to train and test the models and their performances were compared. The best-performing neural network achieved significantly superior event reconstruction when timing information was utilised in training for the case where the charged hadron had more energy than the neutral one, motivating temporally sensitive calorimeters. All models under test were observed to tend to allocate energy deposited by the more energetic of the two showers to the less energetic one. Similar shower reconstruction performance was observed for a model trained on simulation and applied to data and a model trained and applied to data.

Published
2024

7. Contextualized End-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition with Intermediate Biasing Loss

Author

Shakeel, Muhammad, Sudo, Yui, Peng, Yifan, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

Contextualized end-to-end automatic speech recognition has been an active research area, with recent efforts focusing on the implicit learning of contextual phrases based on the final loss objective. However, these approaches ignore the useful contextual knowledge encoded in the intermediate layers. We hypothesize that employing explicit biasing loss as an auxiliary task in the encoder intermediate layers may better align text tokens or audio frames with the desired objectives. Our proposed intermediate biasing loss brings more regularization and contextualization to the network. Our method outperforms a conventional contextual biasing baseline on the LibriSpeech corpus, achieving a relative improvement of 22.5% in biased word error rate (B-WER) and up to 44% compared to the non-contextual baseline with a biasing list size of 100. Moreover, employing RNN-transducer-driven joint decoding further reduces the unbiased word error rate (U-WER), resulting in a more robust network., Comment: Accepted to INTERSPEECH 2024

Published
2024
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8. 4D ASR: Joint Beam Search Integrating CTC, Attention, Transducer, and Mask Predict Decoders

Author

Sudo, Yui, Shakeel, Muhammad, Fukumoto, Yosuke, Yan, Brian, Shi, Jiatong, Peng, Yifan, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) can be classified into several network architectures, such as connectionist temporal classification (CTC), recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T), attention-based encoder-decoder, and mask-predict models. Each network architecture has advantages and disadvantages, leading practitioners to switch between these different models depending on application requirements. Instead of building separate models, we propose a joint modeling scheme where four decoders (CTC, RNN-T, attention, and mask-predict) share the same encoder -- we refer to this as 4D modeling. The 4D model is trained using multitask learning, which will bring model regularization and maximize the model robustness thanks to their complementary properties. To efficiently train the 4D model, we introduce a two-stage training strategy that stabilizes multitask learning. In addition, we propose three novel one-pass beam search algorithms by combining three decoders (CTC, RNN-T, and attention) to further improve performance. These three beam search algorithms differ in which decoder is used as the primary decoder. We carefully evaluate the performance and computational tradeoffs associated with each algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the jointly trained 4D model outperforms the E2E-ASR models trained with only one individual decoder. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed one-pass beam search algorithm outperforms the previously proposed CTC/attention decoding., Comment: submitted to IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing

Published
2024

9. Clinical Outcome of Systemic Treatment for Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Real-Life Perspective in Japan

Author

Nakamura T, Asanuma K, Hagi T, and Sudo A

Subjects
soft tissue sarcoma, eribulin, pazopanib, trabectedin, efficacy, overall survival, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Tomoki Nakamura, Kunihiro Asanuma, Tomohito Hagi, Akihiro Sudo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, JapanCorrespondence: Tomoki Nakamura Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, JapanTel +81-592315022Fax +81-592315211Email tomoki66@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jpIntroduction: The median survival time of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is typically < 12 months. Since 2012, physicians were able to administer second- and/or third-line treatment easily in Japan, following the approval of new drugs, namely, pazopanib, eribulin, and trabectedin. We investigated the real-life experience of adults with advanced STS who received systemic therapy after the approval of the aforementioned new drugs.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 34 patients (median age: 66 years) with primary STS arising at the extremities/trunk or unresectable local and/or metastatic STS between 2012 and 2019. We evaluated the tumor response and patient survival after initial systemic treatment.Results: As first-line treatment, doxorubicin and ifosfamide and other drugs were administered to 7 and 27 patients, respectively. Of 31 patients with an evaluable tumor response, partial response was observed in 2 (6.5%) patients, and 16 (52%) patients showed stable disease at 8 weeks. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 51.4% and 28.4%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) time was 12.6 months. Tumor response to first-line therapy was related to patient prognosis.Conclusion: New drugs may be beneficial for patients with advanced STS. When patients cannot receive anthracycline-based chemotherapy because of a high risk of side effects, we believe that the aforementioned drugs may be administered as the first-line treatment.Keywords: soft tissue sarcoma, eribulin, pazopanib, trabectedin, efficacy, overall survival

Published
2020

10. Standard Treatment Remains the Recommended Approach for Patients with Bone Sarcoma Who Underwent Unplanned Surgery: Report from the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group

Author

Nakamura T, Sugaya J, Naka N, Kobayashi H, Okuma T, Kunisada T, Asanuma K, Outani H, Nishimura S, Kawashima H, Akiyama T, Yasuda T, Miwa S, Sudo A, and Ueda T

Subjects
bone sarcoma, unplanned surgery, local recurrence, osteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Tomoki Nakamura,1 Jun Sugaya,2 Norifumi Naka,3 Hiroshi Kobayashi,4 Tomotake Okuma,5 Toshiyuki Kunisada,6 Kunihiro Asanuma,1 Hedetatsu Outani,7 Shunji Nishimura,8 Hiroyuki Kawashima,9 Toru Akiyama,10 Taketoshi Yasuda,11 Shinji Miwa,12 Akihiro Sudo,1 Takafumi Ueda13 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; 2Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; 3Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan; 4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; 5Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; 6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; 8Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; 9Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; 10Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan; 11Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; 12Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; 13Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, JapanCorrespondence: Tomoki NakamuraDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, JapanTel +81-592315022Fax +81-592315211Email tomoki66@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jpBackground: The outcomes of unplanned surgery for bone sarcomas have not been frequently discussed. However, it is important to recognize patterns, treatment, and clinical outcomes of unplanned surgeries for patients with bone sarcomas. This multicenter study aimed to characterize the clinical outcomes of patients with bone sarcomas who underwent unplanned surgeries.Patients and Methods: Data of 43 patients with bone sarcomas who underwent unplanned surgery between 2006 and 2017 were obtained from 23 hospitals in Japan. These included 18 cases of osteosarcoma, 9 of Ewing sarcoma, 8 of chondrosarcoma, and 6 of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. The study included 28 men and 15 women, with a mean age of 46 years. The mean follow-up duration was 59 months.Results: The main primary tumor sites were the femur (n = 19), spine (n = 6), pelvis (n = 5), tibia (n = 3), and humerus (n = 3). The primary diagnoses were benign bone tumor (n = 24), trauma (n = 7), bone metastasis (n = 5), osteomyelitis (n = 4), degeneration (n=2), and unknown (n = 1). As unplanned surgeries, curettage, with or without bone graft, was performed in 26 patients; internal fixation was performed in 7; spinal surgery in 5; arthroplasty in 4; and arthroscopy in one. Thirty-eight patients received additional standard treatments. Thirty-four of these patients underwent surgical tumor resections, including amputation (n = 10), and the remaining 4 received radiotherapy or carbon ion radiotherapy as additional standard treatments. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates in patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma were 65.5%, 58.3%, and 72.9%, respectively. Twelve (27.9%) patients developed local recurrences (LR); among the total 43 patients studied, the 5-year DSS rates were significantly worse for those who developed LR compared to those who did not (p = 0.03). The 5-year DSS rates in patients with and without LR were 44% and 73.8%, respectively.Conclusion: We recommend that patients who have undergone unplanned surgery be administered standard treatment, including the option of amputation because herein, LR was shown to be a risk factor for decreased DSS.Keywords: bone sarcoma, unplanned surgery, local recurrence, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma

Published
2020

11. Platelet-rich plasma in the management of chronic low back pain: a critical review

Author

Akeda K, Yamada J, Linn ET, Sudo A, and Masuda K

Subjects
intervertebral disc, intervertebral disc degeneration, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), low back pain, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Koji Akeda,1 Junichi Yamada,1 Erikka T Linn,2 Akihiro Sudo,1 Koichi Masuda2 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0863, USA Abstract: Low back pain (LBP) is now regarded as the first cause of disability worldwide and should be a priority for future research on prevention and therapy. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an important pathogenesis of LBP. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood concentrate that contains a natural concentration of autologous growth factors and cytokines and is currently widely used in the clinical setting for tissue regeneration and repair. PRP has great potential to stimulate cell proliferation and metabolic activity of IVD cells in vitro. Several animal studies have shown that the injection of PRP into degenerated IVDs is effective in restoring structural changes (IVD height) and improving the matrix integrity of degenerated IVDs as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. The results of this basic research have shown the great possibility that PRP has significant biological effects for tissue repair to counteract IVD degeneration. Clinical studies for evaluating the effects of the injection of PRP into degenerated IVDs for patients with discogenic LBP have been reviewed. Although there was only one double-blind randomized controlled trial, all the studies reported that PRP was safe and effective in reducing back pain. While the clinical evidence of tissue repair of IVDs by PRP treatment is currently lacking, there is a great possibility that the application of PRP has the potential to lead to a feasible intradiscal therapy for the treatment of degenerative disc diseases. Further large-scale studies may be required to confirm the clinical evidence of PRP for the treatment of discogenic LBP. Keywords: intervertebral disc, intervertebral disc degeneration, platelet-rich plasma, PRP, low back pain

Published
2019

12. Scalar Inferencing, Polarity and Cognitive Load

Author

Marty, Paul, Romoli, Jacopo, Sudo, Yasutada, van Tiel, Bob, and Breheny, Richard

Abstract

According to the Polarity Hypothesis, the presence or absence of a processing cost for Scalar Inferences (SIs) depends on their polarity. This hypothesis predicts, among other things, that the processing of lower-bounding SIs should not be affected by cognitive load the same way upper-bounding SIs are. To date, evidence in support of this prediction comes from the comparison between upper-bounding and lower-bounding SIs elicited by disparate scalar words. In this paper, we report on two dual-task experiments testing this prediction in a more controlled way by comparing upper-bounding and lower-bounding SIs arising from the same scalar words or scale-mates operating over the same dimension. Results show that, for these more minimal comparisons, lower-bounding SIs involve comparable cognitive demands as their upper-bounding counterparts. These findings challenge the idea that load effects are consistently modulated by SI polarity and suggest instead that these effects are relatively consistent across different types of SIs.

Published
2024

13. Joint Optimization of Streaming and Non-Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition with Multi-Decoder and Knowledge Distillation

Author

Shakeel, Muhammad, Sudo, Yui, Peng, Yifan, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) can operate in two modes: streaming and non-streaming, each with its pros and cons. Streaming ASR processes the speech frames in real-time as it is being received, while non-streaming ASR waits for the entire speech utterance; thus, professionals may have to operate in either mode to satisfy their application. In this work, we present joint optimization of streaming and non-streaming ASR based on multi-decoder and knowledge distillation. Primarily, we study 1) the encoder integration of these ASR modules, followed by 2) separate decoders to make the switching mode flexible, and enhancing performance by 3) incorporating similarity-preserving knowledge distillation between the two modular encoders and decoders. Evaluation results show 2.6%-5.3% relative character error rate reductions (CERR) on CSJ for streaming ASR, and 8.3%-9.7% relative CERRs for non-streaming ASR within a single model compared to multiple standalone modules., Comment: Accepted to IEEE ICASSP 2024 workshop Hands-free Speech Communication and Microphone Arrays (HSCMA 2024)

Published
2024
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14. Contextualized Automatic Speech Recognition with Dynamic Vocabulary

Author

Sudo, Yui, Fukumoto, Yosuke, Shakeel, Muhammad, Peng, Yifan, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

Deep biasing (DB) enhances the performance of end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) models for rare words or contextual phrases using a bias list. However, most existing methods treat bias phrases as sequences of subwords in a predefined static vocabulary. This naive sequence decomposition produces unnatural token patterns, significantly lowering their occurrence probability. More advanced techniques address this problem by expanding the vocabulary with additional modules, including the external language model shallow fusion or rescoring. However, they result in increasing the workload due to the additional modules. This paper proposes a dynamic vocabulary where bias tokens can be added during inference. Each entry in a bias list is represented as a single token, unlike a sequence of existing subword tokens. This approach eliminates the need to learn subword dependencies within the bias phrases. This method is easily applied to various architectures because it only expands the embedding and output layers in common E2E-ASR architectures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the bias phrase WER on English and Japanese datasets by 3.1 -- 4.9 points compared with the conventional DB method.

Published
2024

15. Software Compensation for Highly Granular Calorimeters using Machine Learning

Author

Lai, S., Utehs, J., Wilhahn, A., Bach, O., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Heuchel, D., Irles, A., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., De Silva, M., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Buhmann, E., Garutti, E., Huck, S., Kasieczka, G., Martens, S., Rolph, J., Wellhausen, J., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Bilki, B., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Hummer, F., Simon, F., Kawagoe, K., Onoe, T., Suehara, T., Tsumura, S., Yoshioka, T., Fouz, M. C., Emberger, L., Graf, C., Wagner, M., Pöschl, R., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Nanni, J., Videau, H., Liu, L., Masuda, R., Murata, T., Ootani, W., Takatsu, T., Tsuji, N., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Korpachev, S., and Rusinov, V.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A neural network for software compensation was developed for the highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL). The neural network uses spatial and temporal event information from the AHCAL and energy information, which is expected to improve sensitivity to shower development and the neutron fraction of the hadron shower. The neural network method produced a depth-dependent energy weighting and a time-dependent threshold for enhancing energy deposits consistent with the timescale of evaporation neutrons. Additionally, it was observed to learn an energy-weighting indicative of longitudinal leakage correction. In addition, the method produced a linear detector response and outperformed a published control method regarding resolution for every particle energy studied.

Published
2024

17. Clinical utility of BRCA and ATM mutation status in circulating tumour DNA for treatment selection in advanced pancreatic cancer

Author

Sudo, Kentaro, Nakamura, Yoshiaki, Ueno, Makoto, Furukawa, Masayuki, Mizuno, Nobumasa, Kawamoto, Yasuyuki, Okano, Naohiro, Umemoto, Kumiko, Asagi, Akinori, Ozaka, Masato, Ohtsubo, Koushiro, Shimizu, Satoshi, Matsuhashi, Nobuhisa, Itoh, Shinji, Matsumoto, Toshihiko, Satoh, Taroh, Okuyama, Hiroyuki, Goto, Masahiro, Hasegawa, Hiroko, Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Odegaard, Justin I., Bando, Hideaki, Yoshino, Takayuki, Ikeda, Masafumi, and Morizane, Chigusa

Published
2024
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23. Marital status after colorectal surgery in familial adenomatous polyposis: a nationwide multicenter study in Japan

Author

Fujiyoshi, Kenji, Sudo, Tomoya, Fujita, Fumihiko, Tanihara, Shinichi, Ishida, Hideyuki, Shichijo, Satoki, Chino, Akiko, Nagasaski, Toshiya, Takao, Akinari, Sasaki, Kazuhito, Akagi, Kiwamu, Matsubara, Takaaki, Ueno, Hideki, Hirata, Keiji, Miyakura, Yasuyuki, Ishikawa, Toshiaki, Sunami, Eiji, Takahashi, Yusuke, Yamaguchi, Tatsuro, Tanakaya, Kohji, Tomita, Naohiro, and Ajioka, Yoichi

Published
2024
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25. Risk of metachronous colorectal cancer after surgical resection of index rectal cancer in Lynch syndrome: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan

Author

Chikatani, Kenichi, Ishida, Hideyuki, Mori, Yoshiko, Nakajima, Takeshi, Ueki, Arisa, Akagi, Kiwamu, Takao, Akinari, Yamada, Masayoshi, Taniguchi, Fumitaka, Komori, Koji, Sasaki, Kazuhito, Sudo, Tomoya, Miyakura, Yasuyuki, Chino, Akiko, Yamaguchi, Tatsuro, Tanakaya, Kohji, Tomita, Naohiro, and Ajioka, Yoichi

Published
2024
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27. Machine learning-enabled exploration of mesoscale architectures in amphiphilic-molecule self-assembly

Author

Sudo, Takeo, Ishiai, Satoki, Ishiwatari, Yuuki, Yokoyama, Takahiro, Yasuoka, Kenji, and Arai, Noriyoshi

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Amphiphilic molecules spontaneously form self-assembled structures of various shapes depending on their molecular structures, the temperature, and other physical conditions. The functionalities of these structures are dictated by their formations and their properties must be evaluated for reproduction using molecular simulations. However, the assessment of such intricate structures involves many procedural steps. This study investigates the potential of machine-learning models to extract structural features from mesoscale non-ordered self-assembled structures, and suggests a methodology in which machine-learning models for the structural analysis of self-assembled structures are trained on particle types and coordinate data. In the proposed approach, graph neural networks are utilised to extract local structural data for analysis. In simulations using several hundred self-assembled structures of up to 4050 coarse-grained particles, local structures are successfully extracted and classified with up to 78.35 % accuracy. As the machine-learning models learn structural characteristics without the need for human-made feature engineering, the proposed method has important potential applications in the field of materials science., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures

Published
2024

28. OWSM-CTC: An Open Encoder-Only Speech Foundation Model for Speech Recognition, Translation, and Language Identification

Author

Peng, Yifan, Sudo, Yui, Shakeel, Muhammad, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

There has been an increasing interest in large speech models that can perform multiple tasks in a single model. Such models usually adopt an encoder-decoder or decoder-only architecture due to their popularity and good performance in many domains. However, autoregressive models can be slower during inference compared to non-autoregressive models and also have potential risks of hallucination. Though prior studies observed promising results of non-autoregressive models for certain tasks at small scales, it remains unclear if they can be scaled to speech-to-text generation in diverse languages and tasks. Inspired by the Open Whisper-style Speech Model (OWSM) project, we propose OWSM-CTC, a novel encoder-only speech foundation model based on Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC). It is trained on 180k hours of public audio data for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), speech translation (ST), and language identification (LID). Compared to encoder-decoder OWSM, our OWSM-CTC achieves competitive results on ASR and up to 24% relative improvement on ST, while it is more robust and 3 to 4 times faster for inference. OWSM-CTC also improves the long-form ASR result with 20x speed-up. We will publicly release our code, pre-trained model, and training logs to promote open science in speech foundation models., Comment: Accepted at ACL 2024 main conference

Published
2024

29. OWSM v3.1: Better and Faster Open Whisper-Style Speech Models based on E-Branchformer

Author

Peng, Yifan, Tian, Jinchuan, Chen, William, Arora, Siddhant, Yan, Brian, Sudo, Yui, Shakeel, Muhammad, Choi, Kwanghee, Shi, Jiatong, Chang, Xuankai, Jung, Jee-weon, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of fully open foundation models. The Open Whisper-style Speech Model (OWSM) is an initial step towards reproducing OpenAI Whisper using public data and open-source toolkits. However, previous versions of OWSM (v1 to v3) are still based on standard Transformer, which might lead to inferior performance compared to state-of-the-art speech encoder architectures. This work aims to improve the performance and efficiency of OWSM without additional data. We present a series of E-Branchformer-based models named OWSM v3.1, ranging from 100M to 1B parameters. OWSM v3.1 outperforms its predecessor, OWSM v3, in most evaluation benchmarks, while showing an improved inference speed of up to 25%. We further reveal the emergent ability of OWSM v3.1 in zero-shot contextual biasing speech recognition. We also provide a model trained on a subset of data with low license restrictions. We will publicly release the code, pre-trained models, and training logs., Comment: Accepted at INTERSPEECH 2024. Webpage: https://www.wavlab.org/activities/2024/owsm/

Published
2024

30. Contextualized Automatic Speech Recognition with Attention-Based Bias Phrase Boosted Beam Search

Author

Sudo, Yui, Shakeel, Muhammad, Fukumoto, Yosuke, Peng, Yifan, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) methods exhibit remarkable performance. However, since the performance of such methods is intrinsically linked to the context present in the training data, E2E-ASR methods do not perform as desired for unseen user contexts (e.g., technical terms, personal names, and playlists). Thus, E2E-ASR methods must be easily contextualized by the user or developer. This paper proposes an attention-based contextual biasing method that can be customized using an editable phrase list (referred to as a bias list). The proposed method can be trained effectively by combining a bias phrase index loss and special tokens to detect the bias phrases in the input speech data. In addition, to improve the contextualization performance during inference further, we propose a bias phrase boosted (BPB) beam search algorithm based on the bias phrase index probability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method consistently improves the word error rate and the character error rate of the target phrases in the bias list on both the Librispeech-960 (English) and our in-house (Japanese) dataset, respectively., Comment: accepted by ICASSP20224

Published
2024

31. Correlation-enhanced viable core in metabolic networks

Author

Lee, Mi Jin, Yi, Sudo, and Lee, Deok-Sun

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Cellular ingredient concentrations can be stabilized by adjusting generation and consumption rates through multiple pathways. To explore the portion of cellular metabolism equipped with multiple pathways, we categorize individual metabolic reactions and compounds as viable or inviable: A compound is viable if processed by two or more reactions, and a reaction is viable if all of its substrates and products are viable. Using this classification, we identify the maximal subnetwork of viable nodes, referred to as the {\it viable core}, in bipartite metabolic networks across thousands of species. The obtained viable cores are remarkably larger than those in degree-preserving randomized networks, while their broad degree distributions commonly enable the viable cores to shrink gradually as reaction nodes are deleted. We demonstrate that the positive degree-degree correlations of the empirical networks may underlie the enlarged viable cores compared to the randomized networks. By investigating the relation between degree and cross-species frequency of metabolic compounds and reactions, we elucidate the evolutionary origin of the correlations., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

38. Colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma characteristics according to causative mismatch repair gene variant in Japanese colorectal surveillance for Lynch syndrome

Author

Chino, Akiko, Tanakaya, Kohji, Nakajima, Takeshi, Akagi, Kiwamu, Takao, Akinari, Yamada, Masayoshi, Ishida, Hideyuki, Komori, Koji, Sasaki, Kazuhito, Miguchi, Masashi, Hirata, Keiji, Sudo, Tomoya, Miyakura, Yasuyuki, Ishikawa, Toshiaki, Yamaguchi, Tatsuro, Tomita, Naohiro, and Ajioka, Yoichi

Published
2024
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40. Quantum Circuit Unoptimization

Author

Mori, Yusei, Hakoshima, Hideaki, Sudo, Kyohei, Mori, Toshio, Mitarai, Kosuke, and Fujii, Keisuke

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Optimization of circuits is an essential task for both quantum and classical computers to improve their efficiency. In contrast, classical logic optimization is known to be difficult, and a lot of heuristic approaches have been developed so far. In this study, we define and construct a quantum algorithmic primitive called quantum circuit unoptimization, which makes a given quantum circuit complex by introducing some redundancies while preserving circuit equivalence, i.e., the inverse operation of circuit optimization. Using quantum circuit unoptimization, we propose the quantum circuit equivalence test, a decision problem contained both in the NP and BQP classes but is not trivially included in the P class. Furthermore, as a practical application, we construct concrete unoptimization recipes to generate compiler benchmarks and evaluate circuit optimization performance using Qiskit and Pytket. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that quantum circuit unoptimizer systematically generates redundant circuits that are challenging for compilers to optimize, which can be used to compare the performance of different compilers and improve them. We also offer potential applications of quantum circuit unoptimization, such as generating quantum advantageous machine learning datasets and quantum computer fidelity benchmarks., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023

41. On Asynchrony, Memory, and Communication: Separations and Landscapes

Author

Flocchini, Paola, Santoro, Nicola, Sudo, Yuichi, and Wada, Koichi

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

Research on distributed computing by a team of identical mobile computational entities, called robots, operating in a Euclidean space in $\mathit{Look}$-$\mathit{Compute}$-$\mathit{Move}$ ($\mathit{LCM}$) cycles, has recently focused on better understanding how the computational power of robots depends on the interplay between their internal capabilities (i.e., persistent memory, communication), captured by the four standard computational models (OBLOT, LUMI, FSTA, and FCOM) and the conditions imposed by the external environment, controlling the activation of the robots and their synchronization of their activities, perceived and modeled as an adversarial scheduler. We consider a set of adversarial asynchronous schedulers ranging from the classical semi-synchronous (SSYNCH) and fully asynchronous (ASYNCH) settings, including schedulers (emerging when studying the atomicity of the combination of operations in the $\mathit{LCM}$ cycles) whose adversarial power is in between those two. We ask the question: what is the computational relationship between a model $M_1$ under adversarial scheduler $K_1$ ($M_1(K_1)$) and a model $M_2$ under scheduler $K_2$ ($M_2(K_2)$)? For example, are the robots in $M_1(K_1)$ more powerful (i.e., they can solve more problems) than those in $M_2(K_2)$? We answer all these questions by providing, through cross-model analysis, a complete characterization of the computational relationship between the power of the four models of robots under the considered asynchronous schedulers. In this process, we also provide qualified answers to several open questions, including the outstanding one on the proper dominance of SSYNCH over ASYNCH in the case of unrestricted visibility.

Published
2023

42. ADAPT-QSCI: Adaptive Construction of Input State for Quantum-Selected Configuration Interaction

Author

Nakagawa, Yuya O., Kamoshita, Masahiko, Mizukami, Wataru, Sudo, Shotaro, and Ohnishi, Yu-ya

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm for calculating the ground state and its energy of the quantum many-body Hamiltonian by proposing an adaptive construction of a quantum state for the quantum-selected configuration interaction (QSCI) method. QSCI allows us to select important electronic configurations in the system to perform CI calculation (subspace diagonalization of the Hamiltonian) by sampling measurement for a proper input quantum state on a quantum computer, but how we prepare a desirable input state has remained a challenge. We propose an adaptive construction of the input state for QSCI in which we run QSCI repeatedly to grow the input state iteratively. We numerically illustrate that our method, dubbed \textit{ADAPT-QSCI}, can yield accurate ground-state energies for small molecules, including a noisy situation for eight qubits where error rates of two-qubit gates and the measurement are both as large as 1\%. ADAPT-QSCI serves as a promising method to take advantage of current noisy quantum devices and pushes forward its application to quantum chemistry., Comment: 14 pages

Published
2023

43. Near-linear Time Dispersion of Mobile Agents

Author

Sudo, Yuichi, Shibata, Masahiro, Nakamura, Junya, Kim, Yonghwan, and Masuzawa, Toshimitsu

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
Abstract

Consider that there are $k\le n$ agents in a simple, connected, and undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges. The goal of the dispersion problem is to move these $k$ agents to mutually distinct nodes. Agents can communicate only when they are at the same node, and no other communication means, such as whiteboards, are available. We assume that the agents operate synchronously. We consider two scenarios: when all agents are initially located at a single node (rooted setting) and when they are initially distributed over one or more nodes (general setting). Kshemkalyani and Sharma presented a dispersion algorithm for the general setting, which uses $O(m_k)$ time and $\log(k + \Delta)$ bits of memory per agent [OPODIS 2021], where $m_k$ is the maximum number of edges in any induced subgraph of $G$ with $k$ nodes, and $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of $G$. This algorithm is currently the fastest in the literature, as no $o(m_k)$-time algorithm has been discovered, even for the rooted setting. In this paper, we present significantly faster algorithms for both the rooted and the general settings. First, we present an algorithm for the rooted setting that solves the dispersion problem in $O(k\log \min(k,\Delta))=O(k\log k)$ time using $O(\log (k+\Delta))$ bits of memory per agent. Next, we propose an algorithm for the general setting that achieves dispersion in $O(k \log k \cdot \log \min(k,\Delta))=O(k \log^2 k)$ time using $O(\log (k+\Delta))$ bits. Finally, for the rooted setting, we give a time-optimal (i.e.,~$O(k)$-time) algorithm with $O(\Delta+\log k)$ bits of space per agent. All algorithms presented in this paper work only in the synchronous setting, while several algorithms in the literature, including the one given by Kshemkalyani and Sharma at OPODIS 2021, work in the asynchronous setting.

Published
2023

44. Reproducing Whisper-Style Training Using an Open-Source Toolkit and Publicly Available Data

Author

Peng, Yifan, Tian, Jinchuan, Yan, Brian, Berrebbi, Dan, Chang, Xuankai, Li, Xinjian, Shi, Jiatong, Arora, Siddhant, Chen, William, Sharma, Roshan, Zhang, Wangyou, Sudo, Yui, Shakeel, Muhammad, Jung, Jee-weon, Maiti, Soumi, and Watanabe, Shinji

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Pre-training speech models on large volumes of data has achieved remarkable success. OpenAI Whisper is a multilingual multitask model trained on 680k hours of supervised speech data. It generalizes well to various speech recognition and translation benchmarks even in a zero-shot setup. However, the full pipeline for developing such models (from data collection to training) is not publicly accessible, which makes it difficult for researchers to further improve its performance and address training-related issues such as efficiency, robustness, fairness, and bias. This work presents an Open Whisper-style Speech Model (OWSM), which reproduces Whisper-style training using an open-source toolkit and publicly available data. OWSM even supports more translation directions and can be more efficient to train. We will publicly release all scripts used for data preparation, training, inference, and scoring as well as pre-trained models and training logs to promote open science., Comment: Accepted at ASRU 2023

Published
2023

45. Axion detection via superfluid $^3$He ferromagnetic phase and quantum measurement techniques

Author

Chigusa, So, Kondo, Dan, Murayama, Hitoshi, Okabe, Risshin, and Sudo, Hiroyuki

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We propose to use the nuclear spin excitation in the ferromagnetic A1 phase of the superfluid $^3$He for the axion dark matter detection. This approach is striking in that it is sensitive to the axion-nucleon coupling, one of the most important features of the QCD axion introduced to solve the strong CP problem. We review a quantum mechanical description of the nuclear spin excitation and apply it to the estimation of the axion-induced spin excitation rate. We also describe a possible detection method of the spin excitation in detail and show that the combination of the squeezing of the final state with the Josephson parametric amplifier and the homodyne measurement can enhance the sensitivity. It turns out that this approach gives good sensitivity to the axion dark matter with the mass of $O(1) \, \mu \mathrm{eV}$ depending on the size of the external magnetic field. We estimate the parameters of experimental setups, e.g., the detector volume and the amplitude of squeezing, required to reach the QCD axion parameter space., Comment: v2: 40 pages, 7 figures, typos corrected

Published
2023

46. Some but not all speakers sometimes but not always derive scalar implicatures

Author

Ramotowska, Sonia, Marty, Paul, van Maanen, Leendert, and Sudo, Yasutada

Subjects
Linguistics, Pragmatics, Semantics, Bayesian modeling, Computational Modeling
Abstract

Experimental studies show that the tendency to derive Scalar Implicatures (SIs) varies considerably between individuals: some individuals accept sentences that are literally true but carry a false SI, while others systematically reject them. The question of what factors drive these differences is crucial to understanding the mechanisms involved in SIs and currently at the center of numerous discussions. To date, there is no agreement on how to quantify individual differences in SI rates. In this article, we show how a hierarchical Bayesian modelling approach can be used to quantify subjects' preferences observed in the results of a truth value judgement task that investigated intra-individual and inter-individual variability in the rates of upper-bounding and lower-bounding SIs associated with the -scale. The results provide further evidence that the robustness of an SI is modulated within individuals by certain linguistic features, such as the presence of negation.

Published
2024

48. A case of breast cancer developed in the chronic expanding hematoma cyst wall

Author

Ayami Sudo and Shoji Oura

Subjects
Breast cancer, Case report, Chronic expanding hematoma, Hemosiderin, Hemosiderin laden macrophage, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

No studies have reported breast cancer cases developed in the chronic expanding hematoma (CEH). Case presentation: A 47-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a large breast mass. Ultrasound showed that the tumor had an intra-cystic tumor pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mass component showed a hypo intense pattern on T1-weighted images, a mosaic pattern on T2 weighted images, and a faint enhancement on time-signal intensity images. Core needle biopsy pathologically showed connective tissue, hematoma, and hemosiderin laden macrophages neither with any mammary gland components nor with malignant cells. These image findings and the presence of hemosiderin laden macrophages led us to the diagnosis of CEH despite the lack of prior breast surgery. The large tumor size of the presumed CEH and its tendency for rapid growth made us attempt to treat the breast lesion with lumpectomy. Frozen section, however, revealed malignant cells in the hard part of the capsule, leading to the conversion of breast surgery from lumpectomy to nipple-preserving mastectomy. Postoperative pathological study showed that the tumor was composed of atypical cells growing in cribriform, tubular, and papillary fashions. In addition to the malignant cells, cyst wall of the CEH had abundant fibrosis and hemosiderin deposits. This is the first CEH case after no prior breast surgery, which had breast cancer within it. When a breast CEH is suspected, careful follow-up is imperative to avoid underestimating a possible concomitant breast cancer.

Published
2024
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49. Osteosarcoma Arising from Iliac Bone Lesions of Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas: A Case Report

Author

Tadamasa Handa, Kunihiro Asanuma, Hiroto Yuasa, Tomoki Nakamura, Tomohito Hagi, Katsunori Uchida, and Akihiro Sudo

Subjects
osteosarcoma, hereditary multiple osteochondromas, iliac bone, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction: Osteochondromas are benign tumors that arise primarily in the metaphyseal region of long bones. The malignant transformation rate is estimated to be less than 1% and 1–3% in solitary and multiple osteochondromas, respectively. Transformation to osteosarcoma is very rare. Little information is available on treatment or outcome. A rare case of osteosarcoma arising from hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the right iliac bone is reported. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old woman presented with recurrent right abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed a mass protruding into the pelvic cavity, 9 cm × 7 cm × 7 cm, with bone destruction and internal calcification in the right iliac bone. A CT-guided biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was osteosarcoma. After one course of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide, extensive resection of the tumor was performed. The pathology showed proliferation of highly pleomorphic dysplastic cells with bone formation inside the tumor just below the osteochondroma tissue, which led to the diagnosis of osteosarcoma arising from the osteochondroma. Three years after surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and the patient was able to walk unassisted. Conclusion: A case of osteosarcoma arising from an iliac lesion of hereditary multiple osteochondromas was described. Although no recurrence or metastasis has been observed 3 years after surgery, further follow-up is necessary due to the short time after surgery.

Published
2024
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50. Knowledge and Awareness of Cancer Genome Profiling Tests among Japanese Patients with Cancer

Author

Yuko Kawasaki, Tamotsu Sudo, Kazuo Tamura, Saki Hinoshita, Kayoko Hasuoka, Satoko Miyawaki, Nao Matsutani, Akira Hirasawa, and Atsuko Uchinuno

Subjects
cancer, genome profiling, cancer genomic medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

(1) Background: The number of patients with cancer undergoing cancer genome profiling is increasing; however, it remains unclear how accurately they understand the details of the tests and treatments. This study aimed to clarify the awareness of cancer genome profiling tests among patients with cancer who visited cancer genome medical clinics. (2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on awareness, anxiety, sources of information, and psychological states concerning cancer genome profiling tests. (3) Results: In total, 265 patients with cancer (117 men, 142 women, 6 no response, average age of 58.29 ± 11.9 years) were included in the study, of which 218 (82.3%) were aware of the term “cancer genomic medicine” and 90 (34.0%) were aware of its details. Thus, only a few respondents understood that cancer genome profiling tests facilitate the discovery of secondary findings and of genes associated with hereditary tumors. Regarding their psychological state when visiting the cancer genome clinic, the respondents were anxious about standard treatment and prognosis limits. (4) Conclusions: From the viewpoint of advance care planning, we suggest that medical professionals build a support system that links palliative care and cancer treatment and coordinates genetic counseling at an early stage.

Published
2024
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