Search

Purpose: To evaluate the published literature on tooth--tissue supported removable partial dentures (RPDs) and determine the attachment system that provides the best clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of studies published up to November 2021 was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The study protocol was approved and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42021268449). The PICO question was, "What is the best attachment system used in Kennedy class I and II removable partial dentures?" Results: The search identified 871 articles, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. The evaluation period in the studies ranged from 3 to 282 months. A total of 1,357 patients were included, of which 526 used prostheses with attachments. The mini SG attachment (extracoronal) was the most commonly used attachment, and the survival rate ranged from 37% to 98.1% in 10 studies, with no significant differences between the systems. Among the 10 studies selected for quantitative analysis, the meta-analysis revealed an overall failure rate of 16.6% (95% CI: 10.4% to 25.4%) and heterogeneity of I² = 65.725 (q value: 26.258, P = .002). Conclusions: Clinical studies comparing different attachment systems for rehabilitation are lacking. Our findings suggest that attachment-retained RPDs have good retention and better esthetics than conventional RPDs, and the extracoronal attachment system is the most viable choice for treatment at the free end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the clinical performance of CAD/CAM laminate veneers placed by a single operator and systematically evaluated for up to 10 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 197 laminate veneers fabricated using either feldspathic ceramics (VMII) or lithium disilicate ceramics (EmaxCAD) were followed up to 10 years in 32 patients. Technical, esthetic, and biologic findings of each restoration were evaluated using modified United States Public Health Service criteria. The survival and complication rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and compared using log-rank test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: The estimated Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 91.9% after the mean observation period. According to the ceramic system used, the estimated Kaplan-Meier survival rate amounted to 92.7% for EmaxCAD and 89.1% for VMII. Survival rates were significantly affected by the location of veneer according to log-rank test (P < .05). A range of survival rates between 83.3% and 98.6% were observed based on the location of veneer. Conclusions: CAD/CAM laminate veneers milled from feldspathic or lithium disilicate ceramics have comparable long-term survival rates. Oral positioning affects the survival of veneers. Veneers of incisors have higher survival rates than the veneers of maxillary canines and premolars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical survival and impact on oral health--related quality of life (OHRQoL) of immediate loading of implant-supported full-arch CAD/CAM--milled PMMA interim restorations. Materials and Methods: This was a practice-based prospective cohort study performed in a Portuguese dental clinic. Eleven patients received a total of 17 CAD/CAM fully implant-supported, screw-retained, full-arch restorations with milled PMMA and were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was prosthesis survival, determined with a modification of the California Dental Association score and a Kaplan-Meier survival function analysis. The secondary outcome was the patient quality of life, as defined by application of the OHIP-14-PT questionnaire and standardized effect size variation between two visits. Significance was set at 5%. Results: Survival probability at 12 months was 76%, complete fracture of the prosthesis occurred in 17.6% of the cases, and small fractures without lab involvement occurred in 5.9% of cases. There was a significant improvement in OHRQoL between visit 1 and visit 4. The mean difference and effect size for total OHIP-14-PT score were -32.91 ± 3.68 and 3.66 (95% CI -1.83 to -5.80) respectively (P < .001* Wilcoxon matched paired rank test). Conclusions: Fullarch implant-supported CAD/CAM--milled PMMA interim prosthesis seem to be a viable approach with good survival rate and great impact on patient OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the complications, satisfaction, and quality of life of patients rehabilitated with delayed and immediate loading of single crowns. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to February 2023. Only prospective studies and randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials comparing immediate and delayed loading were included. For the quantitative analysis, dichotomous and consistent variables were evaluated with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 20 studies were evaluated. No statistically significant difference was observed between protocols: satisfaction (I²: 0%; P = .42), quality of life (I²: 0 %; P = .05), biologic complications (I²: 9%; P = .17), mechanical complications (I²: 58%; P = .84), and survival rate (I²: 0%; P = .38). The subgroup analysis showed significant differences only for marginal bone loss (MBL) when immediate implants were placed in the mandible (I²: 15%; P = .01) and posterior zone (I²: 0%; P = .001). Conclusions: Complications and patient-centered outcomes for immediate single-implant crowns were comparable to delayed loading. Scientific evidence showed no significant difference between loading protocols for survival rates. Note that several factors could interfere with the complication events, implant failures, and MBL. The subgroup analysis showed that only immediate implants placed in the posterior mandible had a higher and statistically significant mean MBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluctuations in energy gap and coupling constants between chromophores can play an important role in absorption and energy transfer across a collection of two-level systems. In photosynthesis, light-induced quantum coherence can affect the efficiency of energy transfer to the designated "trap" state. Theoretically, the interplay between fluctuations and coherence has been studied often, employing either a Markovian or a perturbative approximation. In this study, we depart from these approaches to incorporate memory effects by using Kubo's quantum stochastic Liouville equation. We introduce the effects of decay of the created excitation (to the ground state) on the desired propagation and trapping that provides a direction of flow of the excitation. In the presence of light-induced pumping, we establish a relation between the efficiency, the mean survival time, and the correlation decay time of the bath-induced fluctuations. A decrease in the steady-state coherence during the transition from the non-Markovian regime to the Markovian limit results in a decrease in efficiency. As in the well-known Haken–Strobl model, the ratio of the square of fluctuation strength to the rate plays a critical role in determining the mechanism of energy transfer and in shaping the characteristics of the efficiency profile. We recover a connection between the transfer flux and the imaginary part of coherences in both equilibrium and excited bath states, in both correlated and uncorrelated bath models. We uncover a non-monotonic dependence of efficiency on site energy heterogeneity for both correlated and uncorrelated bath models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the peri-implant bone loss of mandibular complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses (FPSs) supported by three and four implants and to correlate with the size of the horizontal and vertical distal cantilever at prosthesis placement (T1) and after 1 year (T2). Materials and Methods: A total of 72 external hexagon (EH) type implants were placed in 20 participants. Of these, 24 supported an FPS with three implants (G3I) and 48 with four implants (G4I). The mandibular implants were named 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to their location in the arch, in a clockwise direction. Digital periapical radiographs were taken at times T1 and T2 for analysis and measurement of peri-implant bone loss. The horizontal and vertical distal cantilevers were measured with a digital caliper and correlated with peri-implant bone loss. Results: The survival rate of implants in G3I was 91.66%, and in G4I it was 97.91%. The mean bone loss in G3I was 0.88 ± 0.89 mm, and in G4I it was 0.58 ± 0.78 mm (P = .225). There was no correlation between distal horizontal cantilevers and bone loss in the studied groups, with G3I being -0.25 (P = .197) and G4I -0.22 (P = .129). Larger vertical cantilevers of implants 1 (P = .018), 3 (P =.015), and 4 (P = .045) correlated with greater bone loss in G4I. Conclusions: The number of implants in an FPS did not influence peri-implant bone loss after 1 year of follow-up. Larger vertical cantilevers influenced greater bone loss in complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses supported by four implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate how the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio affects the loss of crestal bone at single-crown implants and bridges in patients with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 39 patients treated for periodontitis were rehabilitated with 108 implant-supported single crowns and bridges. Each patient was examined over a 5- to 20-year period on a 3- to 6-month recall schedule. At each session, we recorded periodontal clinical parameters. In addition, intraoral radiographs were taken after superstructure insertion (baseline) and then at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. The study population was divided by anatomical C/I ratio (Group 1: C/I = 1, Group 2: C/I > 1). Results: Implants had a 96.2% 5-year survival rate and 92.6% 20-year survival rate. The overall prevalence was 10.1% for mucositis and 1.1% for peri-implantitis. The survival rate (P = .68), incidence of mucositis (P = .325), and incidence of peri-implantitis (P = .077) did not significantly differ in the group comparison. The mean annual peri-implant bone loss was 0.09 ± 0.41 mm and was not significantly different between the groups. Mean bone loss was not significantly different until the 10th year of observation, during which Group 2 presented significantly less bone loss. The correlation of annual bone loss and clinical C/I ratio showed a small but significant negative effect throughout the entire study period (R = -0.217; P < .01). Conclusions: Increased crestal bone loss was not observed with implants with higher C/I ratios, both anatomical and clinical, and they even showed signs of less crestal bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The evidence base for the use of space maintainers is relatively sparce despite being used for decades after the premature loss of primary molars. This study aims to increase the dental evidence base via investigating retrospectively the success rates of prefabricated fixed and removable space maintainers inserted from 2019 to 2021 and followed up until February 2023 at a specialized university clinic and to identify reasons for any reported minor and major failure. The authors hypothesized that there is no significant difference in failure rates between fixed and removable space maintainers inserted after the premature loss of a single primary molar per quadrant. Method and materials: Patients' digital records were searched yielding 645 space maintainers. After the application of inclusion criteria, 157 (67%) fixed prefabricated space maintainers in 112 children and 77 (33%) removable space maintainers in 61 children were analyzed for an average of 18.4 ± 9.5 months. Results: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with Mantel-Cox statistics showed an overall cumulative survival time of 31.6 months (SE = 1.15, 95% CI = 29.4 to 33.9). Major failure occurred significantly more in removable maintainers (n = 40/67, 59.7%), mostly due to loss of the appliance, compared to fixed space maintainers (n = 27/67, 40.3%; P < .001). The present study indicates that space maintainers were mainly placed in young children with high caries experience, where treatment was mostly possible using advanced behavior management. Conclusions: Fixed space maintainers had a significantly lower failure rate than their removable counterpart. However, both require continual repairs, preservation, or even replacement till the eruption of the permanent tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In 2023 alone, its estimated that over 64,000 patients will be diagnosed with PDAC and more than 50,000 patients will die of the disease. Current guidelines recommend neoadjuvant therapy for patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced PDAC, and data is emerging on its role in resectable disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may increase the number of patients able to receive complete chemotherapy regimens, increase the rate of microscopically tumor-free resection (R0) margin, and aide in identifying unfavorable tumor biology. To date, this is the largest study to examine surgical outcomes after long-duration neoadjuvant chemotherapy for PDAC. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of single-institution data. RESULTS: The routine use of long-duration therapy in our study (median cycles: FOLFIRINOX = 10; gemcitabine-based = 7) is unique. The majority (85%) of patients received FOLFIRINOX without radiation therapy; the R0 resection rate was 76%. Median OS was 41 months and did not differ significantly among patients with resectable, borderline-resectable, or locally advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that in patients who undergo surgical resection after receipt of long-duration neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX therapy alone, survival outcomes are similar regardless of pretreatment resectability status and that favorable surgical outcomes can be attained.

Purpose: To retrospectively determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR) and marginal bone level change (ΔMBL) around novel hybrid design tissue-level (TL) dental implants that support multiple-screw-retained restorations. Materials and Methods: Implant CSRs were analyzed at the implant and patient level using Kaplan-Meier estimates. ΔMBL was measured by comparing the periapical loading and follow-up visit radiographs using an improved standardized digital methodology based on image gray levels. ΔMBL outcomes were subject to linear mixed regression to identify potential risk factors. Results: A total of 301 TL implants in 69 patients with an average age of 62.6 ± 11.7 years (range: 36 to 87 years) at the time of implant placement were considered for the analysis. All 301 implants were successfully restored and loaded. The 54-month CSRs at the implant and patient levels were 98.9% (95% CI: 96.7 to 99.6) and 95.3% (95% CI: 86.1 to 98.5), respectively. ΔMBL after a mean follow-up of 22 ± 10.7 months after loading was 0.00 ± 0.57 mm. None of the implant sites showed marginal bone loss exceeding 1.5 mm. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant association between ΔMBL and the loading protocol (P = .027) but not between ΔMBL and age or transgingival height. Conclusions: The high CSRs and stable peri-implant marginal bone levels support the use of recent TL implants, which have a hybrid design inherited from the bone-level implant-abutment connection, as a suitable treatment option for restoring partially or fully edentulous patients with a good mid-term prognosis. These results should be complemented by further prospective studies in a real-world multicenter private practice setup that represents the daily realities of implant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which compared the fit and fracture load of temporary fixed partial prostheses fabricated by means of a conventional direct technique, milling or 3D printing. Topics covered include the strength of the fixed dental prostheses, the values of the fracture test, and the maximum mastication forces in the molar region.

Purpose: To review experimental peri-implantitis studies using rat models and summarize different peri-implantitis induction techniques and evaluate their effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were conducted by two independent examiners to address the following issues. Meta-analyses explored the marginal bone loss (MBL) of four types of peri-implantitis induction methods in rats. The detailed induction tactics--such as the implant design, implant size, surgical process, time cost, induction methods, and endpoint measurements--were summarized. Results: Of the 18 included studies, 38.9% of the studies placed implants at the maxillary first molar, and 44.4% placed them at the alveolar ridge region anterior to the maxillary first molar. As for the induction method, the numbers of published studies on ligature methods, bacterial inoculation, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide inoculation were equally high among all selected studies. The total implant survival rate at the end was 160 out of 213 implants (75.11%). Eight studies with high pooled heterogeneity (I2 = 98, P < .01) in the meta-analysis reported an overall MBL (µ-CT) of 0.47 mm (95% CI = 0.14 to 0.81). A subgroup analysis estimated an MBL of 0.31 mm (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.50) for bacterial inoculation and 0.66 mm (95% CI = 0.07 to 1.26) for the ligature method. Histopathologic analysis revealed that peri-implantitis in rats was similar to peri-implantitis lesions in humans. Conclusions: Implant placement at the maxillary first molar with bacterial inoculation and the silk ligature method to build peri-implantitis rat models is reliable to use for research on peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary heart team (HT) evaluation is recommended for patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation to optimize treatment decisions. However, its impact on patient outcomes remains unknown. We evaluated the impact of implementing mitral HT on patient survival. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with new diagnoses of severe primary mitral regurgitation in a large healthcare network echocardiogram database between 2016 and 2020. We compared the incidence of multidisciplinary evaluation by structural cardiology and cardiac surgery services and 2-year survival before and after mitral HT implementation. The 1:1 propensity-score matching between pre- and post-mitral HT used Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality for mitral repair, age, sex, race, heart failure symptoms, inpatient setting, history of MI, and dementia as covariates. Logistic regression identified variables associated with the likelihood of undergoing multidisciplinary evaluation. Among 70 510 echocardiograms performed, 391 patients had severe primary mitral regurgitation (median age, 77 years; 46% women). Multidisciplinary evaluation increased from 29% to 89% (P

Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) is divided into two subtypes: classic (absence of acute GVHD features) and overlap cGVHD (ocGVHD), in which both chronic and acute GVHD clinical features are present simultaneously. While worse outcomes with ocGVHD have been reported, there are few recent analyses. We performed a secondary analysis of data from the ABA2 trial (N = 185), in which detailed GVHD data were collected prospectively and systematically adjudicated. Analyses included cumulative incidence of classic versus ocGVHD, their specific organ manifestations, global disease severity scores, non-relapse mortality (NRM), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in these two cGVHD subtypes. Of 92 patients who developed cGVHD, 35 were classified as ocGVHD. The 1-year cumulative incidence, organ involvement, and global severity of classic and ocGVHD were similar between ABA2 patients receiving CNI/MTX+placebo and CNI/MTX+abatacept; thus, cohorts were combined for ocGVHD evaluation. This analysis identified ocGVHD as having significantly higher severity at presentation and at maximum global severity compared to classic cGVHD. OS and DFS were significantly lower for ocGVHD versus classic cGVHD. OcGVHD is associated with increased cGVHD severity scores, and is associated with decreased OS and DFS compared to classic cGVHD, underscoring the high risks with this cGVHD subtype.

Few studies have reported the outcomes of short implants with a follow-up time > 10 years. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of short locking-taper implants supporting single crowns in the posterior region. Patients who received these supporting implants (≤ 8 mm) in the posterior region from 2008 to 2010 were included. The clinical and radiographic outcomes and patient satisfaction were recorded. A total of 18 patients with 34 implants were included. The cumulative survival rate was 91.4% and 83.3% at implant and patient levels, respectively. Tooth brushing habit and history of periodontitis were significantly associated with implant failure (P < .05). The median marginal bone loss (MBL) was 0.24 mm (IQR: 0.01 to 0.98 mm). Biologic and technical complications occurred in 14.7% and 17.8% of implants, respectively. The mean modified Sulcus Bleeding Index was 0.52 ± 0.63, and the mean peri-implant probing depth was 2.38 ± 0.79 mm. All patients were at least quite satisfied, with the majority of patients (88.9%) being fully satisfied with the treatment. Within the limitations of this study, the short locking-taper implants supporting single crowns in the posterior region achieved promising outcomes in the long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental implants are currently the preferred choice to restore function and esthetics. Nonetheless, explantation is sometimes inevitable in cases with advanced bone loss, implant fracture, or improper implant position. This study aimed to propose an algorithm for reimplantation at sites of previous failure. There is limited evidence on the replacement of failed implants, most of which are case reports or clinical trials with a small number of patients. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study proposing a clinical-decision algorithm to help clinicians manage implant failures with new implants. There are a variety of reasons contributing to implant failure: The etiologic factor of failure and the morphology of the residual defect have paramount importance on implant removal techniques and subsequent treatment modalities. There is no consensus on a distinct protocol to replace failed implants. However, the clinicians and patients should know that placing a new implant in an area with a history of failure, regardless of early or late implant failure, may have a lower survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Alveolar ridge split (ARS) is ridge augmentation to mitigate ridge width loss that typically follows tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of ARS on alveolar ridge horizontal dimensional changes and the survival rates of implants placed into the same sites. Materials and Methods: An electronic and manual search was conducted for English articles published up to January 1, 2021. The PICO (problem, intervention, comparison, outcome) model for quantitative studies was established to address the following two focused questions: (1) What are the effects of the ARS technique on increasing alveolar width and implant survival?; and (2) what are the factors that influence the efficacy of the ARS technique? The outcome measures in this systematic review and meta-analysis were mean alveolar ridge gain—horizontal (buccolingual) in millimeters from baseline (initial presentation) to final assessment (minimum of 12 weeks after ARS), implant survival rate, and patient-reported complication rate. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I assessment tool for non-randomized interventional studies. Weighted means were calculated, and pooled effects and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were depicted on forest plots. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Rosenthal Statistics. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess the primary outcome. Results: Overall, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The mean alveolar ridge gain for ARS was 3.06 mm (95% CI: 3.01 to 3.12 mm). A mean gain of 2.99 mm (95% CI: 2.93 to 3.04 mm) was found after sensitivity analysis, excluding one article with a high risk of bias. There were no significant differences in ridge width in the group with bone graft (mean difference [95% CI] of 2.97 mm [2.91 to 3.03 mm]) and in the group without bone graft (mean difference [95% CI] of 3.06 mm [2.92 to 3.20 mm]). The ARS technique demonstrated a 98.17% implant survival rate in 4,446 implants, 4,103 of which were placed at the time of ARS with a 97.72% implant survival rate, and 343 placed in a delayed approach with a 99.14% implant survival rate. The risk of bias was low in 14.2%, low to moderate in 68.5%, moderate in 11.4%, and severe/moderate in 5.7% of the included studies. Conclusions: ARS shows a high implant survival rate in narrow alveolar ridges, adequate horizontal alveolar ridge dimensional gain regardless of adding grafting material, and minimal patient-reported complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is twice as common in Black individuals compared with in White individuals, and diabetes mellitus (DM) disproportionately affects Black patients. Although numerous studies have shown a correlation between DM and MM, this has not been studied in the context of race and in vivo mechanisms. We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 5383 patients with MM of which 15% had DM (White, 12% and Black, 25%). Multivariable Cox models showed reduced overall survival (OS) for patients with DM (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.47; P < .001). This appeared to be driven by a marked difference in OS between White patients with and without DM but not in Black patients. In contrast, obesity was associated with better OS in Black patients but not in White patients. To complement this analysis, we assessed MM growth in a genetically engineered immunocompromised nonobese diabetic (Rag1-/-/muscle creatinine kinase promoter expression of a human IGF1R [M] with a lysine [K] to arginine [R] point mutation) mouse model to evaluate the mechanisms linking DM and MM. MM.1S xenografts grew in more Rag1-/-/MKR mice and grew more rapidly in the Rag1-/-/MKR mice compared with in controls. Western blot analysis found that MM1.S xenografts from Rag1-/-/MKR mice had higher phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236) levels, indicating greater activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Our study is, to our knowledge, the first to evaluate racial differences in DM prevalence and survival in MM, as well as the effect of DM on tumor growth in mouse models. Our results suggest that DM may contribute to the higher incidence of MM in Black patients; and to improve survival in MM, DM management cannot be ignored.

Objective: The correlation between crestal bone loss at teeth and probing pocket depth (PPD) has been established. Whether these findings can also be applied to implants is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between crestal bone loss and PPD at teeth and implants. Method and materials: Thirty-one periodontitis-susceptible patients were rehabilitated with fixed implant-supported single crowns and fixed partial dentures. Each patient was examined over a 5- to 20-year period in a 3- to 6-month strict recall program. At each session, periodontal clinical parameters were recorded at teeth and implants. In addition, standardized periapical radiographs were taken after superstructure insertion (baseline) and then at 1,3,5,10,15, and 20 years. Results: The survival rate of implants (94.0%) and teeth (97.3%) did not significantly differ in all patients after 20 years (P = .68). Almost all patients had a PPD >5 mm at implants and teeth throughout the observation period. The crestal bone loss at implants and teeth increased continuously, especially in patients with advanced periodontitis, without a correlation with PPD. A few patients (n = 5) had a PPD>5 mm and annual bone loss >0.2 mm at one implant, with a correlation between bone loss and PPD. Conclusion: In healthy implants and teeth, moderate crestal bone loss is present without correlation with PPD. A few patients showed progressive crestal bone loss at only one implant, with a correlation with PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess and compare the clinical outcomes of three different types of all-ceramic posterior monolithic tooth-supported crowns. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 patients received 90 all-ceramic crowns randomized to be either high-translucency zirconia (ZC), high-translucency zirconia with a partial buccal veneer (ZC-V), or lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDS). All treatments were performed by four general dentists who were blinded to the material used. Baseline and subsequent annual evaluations were based on modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. A questionnaire was used to include patient-reported outcomes and to compare them to the crown quality rating performed by dentists. Results: A total of 66 patients with 84 crowns were examined after 3 years. The survival rate was 98.8%. No crowns fractured during the observation period. One ZC-V crown failed due to loss of retention, and three complications were noted: loss of retention occurred in one ZC crown, and two ZC crowns needed to be endodontically treated. There was no significant difference between the different crowns regarding marginal integrity, surface, or anatomical form. Both patients and examining dentists rated the crowns favorably regarding esthetics, patients more than dentists. Conclusions: All crown types used show excellent and promising clinical outcomes from a short-term perspective. Patients and dentists rate the restorations favorably concerning esthetics and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the implant survival rate in mandibles reconstructed with free fibula flap after oral tumor resection after 1 year of prosthetic loading. A secondary objective was to compare immediate or delayed implant placement protocols in this population. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches were performed on different databases for controlled and prospective trials that indicated implant survival rate. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane Collaboration tools. Meta-analyses heterogeneity source assessment and GRADE evaluation were performed among studies with identical follow-ups. Results: Among 305 primarily selected articles, 109 were eligible after reading the title and abstract, and 8 were included after full-text reading: 2 randomized controlled trials and 6 prospective studies comprising 140 patients and 507 implants. Meta-analyses estimated an overall survival rate of 97% (95% CI: 94% to 99%) after 1 year of prosthetic loading. The survival rate was 98% (95% CI: 94% to 100%) with immediate implantation and 97% (95% CI: 90% to 99%) with delayed implantation. Only 3 studies reported radiotherapy treatment, with no real impact on implant survival rate. Overall, 69% of tumors were benign. Conclusions: Implant placement in vascularized fibula flaps in the mandible is recommended for patients undergoing segmental mandibular reconstruction after tumor resection. Within the limitations of this study, no significant difference in survival rates was found between immediate and delayed implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the survival rate (primary outcome) and the marginal bone loss (secondary outcome) of the OsseoSpeed EV Implants (Astra Tech Implant System, Dentsply Sirona Implants; hereinafter EV implants) used in a wide range of clinical scenarios and followed up to 8 years in a nonuniversity setting. Materials and Methods: All EV implants consecutively placed from 2013 to 2021 in a private dental clinic were included, and medical and radiologic records were retrospectively investigated. Independent reviewers collected 11 data types as potential influencing variables and measured the mesial and distal marginal bone levels to the nearest 0.5 mm on available radiographs, either panoramic or periapical. Tables of descriptive statistics were made at implant and patient levels. Univariate and multiple Cox regression models were adjusted for clustering effects and determined the hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) for each independent variable collected. Results: The study sample consisted of 597 EV implants and 235 patients. During a mean follow-up of 42.1 ± 23 months (range: 10 to 94 months), 44 implants were lost (7.4%)--34 early (5.7%) and 10 late (1.7%)--in 38 patients (16.1%). The overall survival rate (SR) was 92.6% (CI: 90.5% to 94.7%), and the proportion of patients with all their implants surviving was 83.8% (CI: 79.1% to 88.5%). At the end of the study, the probability of survival of an implant that did not fail early was 98.2% (CI: 97.1% to 99.3%). Implant-level analysis identified two significant variables: implant diameter (HR 0.37, P = .009**) and immediate postextraction placement (HR 2.35, P = .025*). At the patient level, bruxism (OR = 3.29; P = .009**), history of periodontitis (OR = 2.18, P = .030*), and the number of implants placed (OR = 1.43; P = .001**) were found to be statistically significant. After removing dropouts and early failures from a sample of 528 implants, 412 (78%) had a marginal bone loss (MBL) = 0 mm at the end of the observation time, and 106 surviving implants (22%) showed a mean MBL of 1.42 ± 1.08 mm (range: 0.25 to 6.75 mm). Conclusions: An overall medium-term SR of the EV implants was 92.6%. Four of five EV implants showed a mid-term MBL = 0 mm, and 91.86% of implants completed the observation period with an MBL < 2 mm. Thus, the EV implant system was shown to be a valid alternative for routine use in a nonuniversity setting. Clinicians should remember that there is no 100% implant survival in everyday practice and that bruxism, periodontitis, narrow-diameter implants, and immediate placement are risk factors for a higher failure rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the 3-year success and survival rates of fixed prostheses supported by 4-mm extra-short implants splinted to 10-mm implants in patients with shortened maxillary arches and low maxillary sinus floors. Methods: A total of 11 patients with reduced alveolar bone heights due to low maxillary sinus floors received two or three titaniumzirconium tissue-level implants: one or two extra-short (4 mm) implants, and one implant 10 mm in length. After 6 months, prosthetic rehabilitation with splinted crowns connecting the 4- and 10-mm implants was performed. Follow-up visits and maintenance protocols were implemented every 4 to 6 months. Results: The 11 patients were treated with 11 10-mm implants and 17 4-mm implants. One extra-short implant failed and was removed before loading, and its planned design was modified from three splinted crowns to a bridge between the 10- and 4-mm implants. After 36 months, all (11/11) prosthetic rehabilitations connecting the 10-mm (11/11) and 4-mm (16/16) implants were functional. At the 10-mm implant sites, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) probing depth and marginal bone loss measured 2.9 mm (2.3 to 3.2) and 1.3 mm (1.0 to 1.5), respectively. At the 4-mm implant sites, the median (IQR) probing depth and marginal bone loss measured 2.9 mm (2.4 to 3.1) and 0.3 mm (0.1 to 0.5), respectively. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation with splinted crowns connecting 4-mm and 10-mm implants showed promising outcomes in shortened maxillary dental arches after 3 years. Additional studies are needed to further validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the survival rate (SR) and probability of postoperative complications at both the implant and patient level for each of the four surgical techniques for zygomatic implant (ZI) placement: Brånemark, sinus slot, extrasinus, and extramaxillary. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of clinical studies that reported the survival rate and postoperative ZI complications for the rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous maxillae was conducted based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations. Two independent reviewers consulted four databases during the literature search: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Clinicaltrials.gov, and LILACS. Duplicate articles were eliminated. Results: A total of 35 studies were included in the metaanalysis. Subgroup analysis showed that study design (prospective vs retrospective) had no significant impact (P = .10) on the outcomes. The SR was highest for the Brånemark and extrasinus techniques (100%) and lowest for the sinus slot technique (94%; 95% CI = 86% to 102%). The extramaxillary (38%; 95% CI = 1% to 3%) and the Brånemark (29%; 95% CI = 15% to 44%) techniques resulted in the highest occurrence of patient-level complications. Moreover, the extramaxillary technique showed the highest percentage of prothesis-related complications (44%; 95% CI = 27% to 62%). Conclusions: ZI placement was demonstrated to be a reliable technique for the rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxillae, irrespective of the surgical technique evaluated. Accurate case and surgical protocol selection is of paramount importance to reduce technique-related postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer affects one in 8 females with a 5-year survival rate of 89%. Up to 72% of breast cancer survivors have trouble with activities of daily living (ADL) following treatment. Increased time-from-treatment improves some measures of function, yet ADL limitations persist. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of time-from-treatment on upper extremity kinematics during ADLs in breast cancer survivors. Twenty-nine female breast cancer survivors were divided into 2 groups: <1 year (n = 12) and 1–2 years (n = 17) from treatment. Kinematics were collected during 6 ADL tasks, and humerothoracic joint angles were quantified. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance assessed the effects of time-from-treatment and arm on maximum angles for each ADL. Decreased maximum angle existed for breast cancer survivors with increased time-from-treatment during all ADLs. Breast cancer survivors in the 1–2 years group used ∼28° to 32° lower elevation, ∼14° to 28° lower axial rotation, and ∼10° to 14° lower plane of elevation range across tasks. Decreased ranges of arm movement during ADLs with increased time-from-treatment may reflect compensatory movement strategies. Recognizing this shift in strategies and accompanying underlying disease progression can help inform responses to functional performance limitations in breast cancer survivors as delayed effects are present posttreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical results of single-tooth ceramic crowns in the posterior region produced from three different monolithic materials.Materials and Methods: A total of 36 posterior single-tooth crowns were fabricated from lithium silicate glass-ceramic (LSGC; n = 12), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC; n = 12), and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN; n = 12) in 27 patients. Restorations were evaluated for prosthetic and periodontal criteria at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Prosthetic evaluation was performed according to the Modified United States Public Health Service criteria, and probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding time index (GBTI), and gingival (GI) and periodontal indices (PI) were evaluated in the periodontal assessment. Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses (P = .05).Results: All restorations were evaluated according to survival and success rates. No dropouts occurred. The survival rate of all three materials was 100% after 1 year. However, in the PICN group, a statistically significant difference was found between baseline (0) and 12 months for color match (from Alpha to Bravo) and surface texture (from Alpha to Charlie) (P < .001).Conclusion: Although long-term clinical follow-up periods are needed, all three ceramics showed clinically acceptable survival and success rates over 1 year. The ceramics evaluated in the present study could be preferred for single-tooth full-crown restorations in the posterior region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant stability when implant site preparation is performed with conventional drilling and the osteotome technique in the posterior maxilla. Materials and Methods: In total, 30 patients (mean age: 46.97 + 7.48 years) receiving 60 implants were enrolled in this study. In each patient, implant site preparation was done using either conventional drilling (conventional group; n = 30) or the osteotome technique (osteotome group; n = 30). The implant sites were further divided into groups based on the implant length used (implant length < 10 mm, implant length = 10 mm). Marginal bone levels and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were evaluated at the time of crown insertion and 1 year later. Independent t test and paired t test were used for intergroup and intragroup comparison, respectively. Results: The osteotome group showed statistically significant higher initial ISQ (ISQi) and final ISQ (ISQf) values (ISQi: 61 ± 3.6; ISQf: 64.08 ± 3.7) compared to the conventional group (ISQi: 58.01 ± 4.6; ISQf: 61.32 ± 4.8). Statistically significant higher mean MBL was noted in the conventional group (-0.33 ± 0.12 mm) compared to the osteotome group (-0.26 ± 0.10 mm). Higher MBL was noted in the osteotome group (-0.32 ± 0.09 mm) compared to the conventional group (-0.30 ± 0.14 mm) for implants shorter than 10 mm. For implants = 10 mm in length, significantly higher MBL was noted in the conventional group (-0.37 ± 0.09 mm) compared to the osteotome group (-0.19 ± .06 mm). Conclusions: Osteotome technique could be used as an alternative to conventional drilling, especially when implants longer than 10 mm are planned in the posterior maxilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report on the follow-up of two previously published RCTs on the performance of screw-retained monolithic zirconia restorations on titanium (ti)-base abutments based on either digital scans through intraoral optical scanning (IOS) or conventional impressions. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 patients receiving 89 restorations (44 solitary crowns [SC], 21 splinted crowns [2-FDP], and 24 three-unit fixed partial dentures [3-FDP]) were included for the 1- to 3-year follow-up period. Restoration survival and technical complications were documented. Results: In total, 50 patients with 84 restorations completed the 3-year follow-up. One 3-FDP from the digital group was lost. This resulted in a survival rate of 97.9% for the digital group and 100% for the conventional group and an overall survival rate of 98.8% for screw-retained monolithic zirconia restorations on implants after 3 years. There was no statistically significant survival difference between the digital and conventional restorations (P = .362). When evaluated separately, a 100% survival rate of SCs and 97.7% for 2-FDPs could be reported. One decementation and three screw loosenings occurred in the 1- to 3-year follow-up. The multiple-implant restorations showed higher (23.3%) complication rates at the restoration level than the SCs (4.9%) after 3 years of function (P = .026). Conclusions: Screw-retained monolithic zirconia restorations on ti-base abutments show promising survival rates after 3 years of function. Restorative complications in screw-retained monolithic zirconia restorations on Ti-base abutments are more likely to happen in the first year of function and are more common in multiple-implant restorations than SCs. The impression type (digital or conventional) does not seem to influence these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cancer in lungs is termed as a severe disease that can lead to huge deaths globally. The timely identification can be useful to increase rate of survival. A Computed Tomography is used to identify position of tumor and discover level of cancer. The present study provides an innovative model with CT to identify lung cancer. The lung CT is used for analyzing the cancer levels. These images undergoes pre-processing wiener filter to eradicate the noise. Subsequently, the lung lobe segmentation is attained with LadderNet whose training is executed with Archimedes Flow Regime Optimization (AFRO). The detection of nodule is performed using grid based strategy followed by extraction of statistical, GLCM and texture features. Finally, lung cancer detection are performed using DBN and the hyper parameters of DBN are optimally fine tuned using devised AFRO. The AFRO-based DBN provided finest efficiency with accuracy of 95.8%, F-measure of 92.6% and precision of 93.6%.The finest outcomes revealed that the technique has feasible robustness in classifying the nodules. The technique poses the ability to help the radiologists to interpret the data more effective and distinguish the lung nodules with CT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to considering the main effects, understanding gene‐environment (G × E) interactions is imperative for determining the etiology of diseases and the factors that affect their prognosis. In the existing statistical framework for censored survival outcomes, there are several challenges in detecting G × E interactions, such as handling high‐dimensional omics data, diverse environmental factors, and algorithmic complications in survival analysis. The effect heredity principle has widely been used in studies involving interaction identification because it incorporates the dependence of the main and interaction effects. However, Bayesian survival models that incorporate the assumption of this principle have not been developed. Therefore, we propose Bayesian heredity‐constrained accelerated failure time (BHAFT) models for identifying main and interaction (M‐I) effects with novel spike‐and‐slab or regularized horseshoe priors to incorporate the assumption of effect heredity principle. The R package rstan was used to fit the proposed models. Extensive simulations demonstrated that BHAFT models had outperformed other existing models in terms of signal identification, coefficient estimation, and prognosis prediction. Biologically plausible G × E interactions associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma were identified using our proposed model. Notably, BHAFT models incorporating the effect heredity principle could identify both main and interaction effects, which are highly useful in exploring G × E interactions in high‐dimensional survival analysis. The code and data used in our paper are available at https://github.com/SunNa‐bayesian/BHAFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate segmentation of lesion areas in medical image analysis can assist clinicians develop more personalized treatment tools, improving treatment efficacy and survival rates. Furthermore, the single encoding structure within the U-shaped architecture limits the network's capacity to aggregate semantic information of various scales. In this paper, we propose a residual T-shaped network (RTNet) for medical image segmentation. The RTNet incorporates Multi-Level Feature Enhanced Residual Block (MFER Block) and attention gates into a T-shaped structure, making our network capture richer contextual information at multiple scales. First, by utilizing two sets of encoders with different structures, our network can extract image features at different scales. Secondly, the MFER Block is employed to combine and learn the feature representations from the encoders, facilitating more effective feature fusion. Finally, the attention gates fuse those feature maps obtained from each stage via skip connections, then they are concatenated by the decoder to generate the final feature map for segmentation. Experimental results show that, on the BUSI and ISIC2017 datasets, the IoU of our RTNet reached 67.39% and 84.39%, respectively; and the DSC score achieved 79.95% and 91.44%, respectively. Our network outperforms state-of-the-art models for medical image segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aim of this study was to provide benchmarks for the rates of complications by type of surgery performed. Study Design. Prospective multicenter database. Background. We have previously examined overall construct survival and complication rates for ASD surgery. However, the relationship between type of surgery and construct survival warrants more detailed assessment. Materials and Methods. Eight surgical scenarios were defined based on the levels treated, previous fusion status [primary (P) vs. revision (R)], and three-column osteotomy use (3CO): short lumbar fusion, LT-pelvis with 5 to 12 levels treated (P, R, or 3CO), UT-pelvis with 13 levels treated (P, R, or 3CO), and thoracic to lumbar fusion without pelvic fixation, representing 92.4% of the case in the cohort. Complication rates for each type were calculated and Kaplan-Meier curves with multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the case characteristics on construct survival rate, while controlling for patient profile. Results. A total of 1073 of 1494 patients eligible for 2-year follow-up (71.8%) were captured. Survival curves for major complications (with or without reoperation), while controlling for demographics differed significantly among surgical types (P < 0.001). Fusion procedures short of the pelvis had the best survival rate, while UT-pelvis with 3CO had the worst survival rate. Longer fusions and more invasive operations were associated with lower 2-year complication-free survival, however, there were no significant associations between type of surgery and renal, cardiac, infection, wound, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, implant malposition, or neurological complications (all P > 0.5). Conclusions. This study suggests that there is an inherent increased risk of complication for some types of ASD surgery independent of patient profile. The results of this paper can be used to produce a surgery-adjusted benchmark for ASD surgery with regard to complications and survival. Such a tool can have very impactful applications for surgical decision-making and more informed patient counseling. Level of Evidence. Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with relapsed primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor have low cure rates with salvage chemotherapy or surgery. The authors report survival outcomes of patients who received high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) at Indiana University. Methods: The prospectively maintained Indiana University germ cell tumor database identified 32 patients with primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor who progressed after first‐line cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy and received HDCT and PBSCT between 2006 and 2021. Therapy included two consecutive courses of HDCT consisting of 700 mg/m2 carboplatin and 750 mg/m2 etoposide, each for 3 consecutive days, and each followed by PBSCT. A second course was not given if the patient experienced progressive disease or prohibitive toxicity. Progression‐free survival and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Medians with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated along with 2‐year probabilities. Results: The median age at HDCT was 30 years (range, 18–61 years). With a median follow‐up of 4.7 years (range, 1–14 years), the 2‐year progression‐free survival rate was 31% (95% confidence interval, 16%–47%), and the 2‐year overall survival rate was 35% (95% confidence interval, 19%–52%). At last follow‐up, nine patients (28%) remained without evidence of disease, including two platinum‐refractory patients and two patients who were receiving HDCT as third‐line therapy. There were three treatment‐related deaths. Conclusions: Salvage HDCT and PBSCT is an active combination in patients who have relapsed primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor with curative potential and prolonged survival, including in platinum‐refractory and third‐line settings. The authors recommend this approach for initial salvage chemotherapy in this patient population. Patients who have relapsed primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have poor outcomes with salvage chemotherapy. The authors report the results of high‐dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, which permit more rapid succession to the subsequent cycle and potentially improved efficacy compared with historical regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are the preferred candidates for therapeutics as they possess multi-directional differentiation potential, exhibit potent immunomodulatory activity, are anti-inflammatory, and can function like antimicrobials. These capabilities have therefore encouraged scientists to undertake numerous preclinical as well as a few clinical trials to access the translational potential of MSCs in disease therapeutics. In spite of these efforts, the efficacy of MSCs has not been consistent—as is reflected in the large variation in the values of outcome measures like survival rates. Survival rate is a resultant of complex cascading interactions that not only depends upon upstream experimental factors like dosage, time of infusion, type of transplant, etc.; but is also dictated, post-infusion, by intrinsic host specific attributes like inflammatory microniche including proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins released by the damaged host cells. These complex interdependencies make a researcher's task of designing MSC transfusion experiments challenging. Methods: In order to identify the rules and associated attributes that influence the final outcome (survival rates) of MSC transfusion experiments, we decided to apply machine learning techniques on manually curated data collected from available literature. As sepsis is a multi-faceted condition that involves highly dysregulated immune response, inflammatory environment and microbial invasion, sepsis can be an efficient model to verify the therapeutic effects of MSCs. We therefore decided to implement rule-based classification models on data obtained from studies involving interventions of MSCs in sepsis preclinical models. Results: The rules from the generated graph models indicated that survival rates, post-MSC-infusion, are influenced by factors like source, dosage, time of infusion, pre-Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/ Tumour Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α levels, etc. Conclusion: This approach provides important information for optimization of MSCs based treatment strategies that may help the researchers design their experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preservation of microorganisms is pivotal in microbiological practice. Currently, cryopreservation is assumed to be an effective and inexpensive approach for the storage of microorganisms, including bacteria. The key point of cryopreservation is optimal cryoprotectant selection. In the present study, different cryoprotectant compositions were tested for long-term storage of 15 Enterobacterales bacterial strains at − 20 °C. The survival rates of the bacterial strains were evaluated in four different cryoprotectant solutions containing 70% glycerin only (cryoprotectants 1 and 4), 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with 70% glycerin (cryoprotectant 2), and 10% DMSO (cryoprotectant 3). In addition, cryoprotectants 1 and 2 contained peptone and yeast extract as nutritional supplements. The general survival rates of the bacterial strains were evaluated after 12 months of storage. After 12 months, the survival rates of the different cryoprotectants were as follows: cryoprotectant 1—88.87%; cryoprotectant 2—84.85%; cryoprotectant 3—83.50%; and cryoprotectant 4—44.81%. Thus, the composition of cryoprotectant 1 (70% glycerin with nutrient supplements) was optimal for preserving 15 tested strains of the order Enterobacterales. Despite these findings, the biochemical properties of the tested strains changed after cryopreservation for 12 months in the presence of 1 or 3 cryoprotectants. Alterations in the biochemical profile could be related to changes in environmental conditions and cold adaptation. We assume that the composition of cryoprotectant 1 can be optimal for storing the order Enterobacterales at − 20 °C. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the problem of cryopreservation and to support our assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and has one of the worst 5-year survival rates. This study examines US primary liver cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality trends over four decades. Research design and methods: The SEER-9 registry was used to study primary liver cancer cases from 1978 to 2018. The incidence and mortality rates were calculated based on gender, age, race, and stage of diagnosis. Joinpoint regression software was used to calculate the annual percent change. Results: The overall incidence rate of primary liver cancer from 1978 to 2018 increased by 2.71%/year (p<0.001). Rates in patients <50 years old began to fall in 2002 at a rate of -3.62%/year (p<0.001). Similarly, the incidence-based mortality rates for primary liver cancer increased by 2.15%/year (p<0.001). Whereas Whites incidence-based mortality rates began to plateau in 2012 (0.18%/year; p = 0.84), Blacks rates have declined since 2010 (-2.93%/year; p = 0.03), and Asian rates have declined since 1999 (-1.30%/year; p<0.001). Conclusion: While the overall primary liver cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality have been increasing over the last four decades, there was an observed decline in incidence and incidence-based mortality in recent years, especially among at-risk subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is responsible for extensive losses in brassicas' production, with its control heavily relying on the use of insecticides. The imbricated brassica's leaves on the stem provide a suitable habitat for the ring‐legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas), to attack DBM larvae and pupae. The study focused on the combination of the earwig with indoxacarb and cyantraniliprole against DBM, as these insecticides target chewing and sucking sap pests infesting Brassica crops, respectively. These insecticides were tested against adult earwigs, 5th instar nymphs and predation upon DBM. When exposed to the recommended rates, the survival rates for nymphs were 74%, 100% and 96% in the cyantraniliprole, indoxacarb and control groups, respectively, and over 90% for adults. When 5th instar earwig nymphs were exposed to cyantraniliprole, they took 16.3 days to develop compared to indoxacarb (3.4 days) or the control group (3.2 days). Furthermore, females exposed to cyantraniliprole required more time to initiate oviposition and produced fewer eggs in the first egg batch. Despite that, the egg‐hatching rate was greater than 80% in all treatments. Female earwigs confined to indoxacarb‐ or cyantraniliprole‐treated or untreated leaves and DBM larvae maintained similar survival but lower consumption of DBM larvae when exposed to cyantraniliprole. The findings revealed that cyantraniliprole weakened the potential of the ring‐legged earwig to control DBM. On the other hand, indoxacarb was harmless to the earwig and showed additive mortality for the pest. Therefore, indoxacarb seems compatible with E. annulipes, while cyantraniliprole has a sublethal effect that slows down development and reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Aim Methods Results Conclusion Early complicated Crohn's disease (CD) may require ileal resection as first‐line treatment.To evaluate the long‐term outcomes of patients who underwent early ileal resection.We conducted a retrospective study in two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) referral centres, including patients with ileocaecal resection and segmental ileal resection within 5 years of CD diagnosis. Early resection was defined as within 6 months of diagnosis, intermediate resection between 6 months and 2 years, and late resection between 2 and 5 years. The primary outcome was the cumulative risk of a second ileal surgery. Secondary outcomes included the use of postoperative treatments and morphological recurrence after initial surgery (Rutgeerts score ≥i2, or recurrence on imaging).Among 393 patients who underwent ileal resection within 5 years of diagnosis, 130, 128 and 135, respectively, had early, intermediate and late resection. The cumulative risk of second surgery at 10 years was not significantly different in the early resection group (25.0% [95% CI 17.4–35.2]), than the intermediate (16.8% [95% CI 10.5–26.2]; p = 0.17) or late resection group (22.7% [95% CI 15.1–33.3]; p = 0.83). The early resection group required fewer postoperative treatments than the late resection group with median survivals without treatments of 3.7 and 0.9 years, respectively (p = 0.002). Patients who had early resection had significantly less morphological recurrence than the late resection group (p = 0.02).Early ileal resection in CD is not associated with a higher risk of a second resection. It may be associated with reduced use of medical treatments and fewer morphological recurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B, often leading to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), poses a major global health challenge. While Tenofovir (TDF) and Entecavir (ETV) are potent treatments, their comparative effectiveness in improving recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in HBV-related HCC is not well-established. Methods: We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis using survival data from randomized trials and high-quality propensity score-matched studies to compare the impact of Tenofovir (TDF) and Entecavir (ETV) on RFS and OS in HBV-related HCC patients. Data from six databases and gray literature up to 30 August 2023, were analyzed, utilizing Kaplan-Meier curves, stratified Cox models, and shared frailty models for survival rate assessment and to address between-study heterogeneity. The study employed restricted mean survival time analysis to evaluate differences in RFS and OS between TDF-treated and ETVtreated patients. Additionally, landmark analyses compared early (<2 years) and late (≥2 years) tumor recurrence in these cohorts. Results: This study incorporated seven research articles, covering 4,602 patients with HBV-related HCC (2,082 on TDF and 2,520 on ETV). Within the overall cohort, TDF recipients demonstrated significantly higher RFS (p = 0.042) and OS (p < 0.001) than those on ETV. The stratified Cox model revealed significantly improved OS for the TDF group compared to the ETV group (hazard ratio, 0.756; 95% confidence interval, 0.639-0.896; p = 0.001), a result corroborated by the shared frailty model. Over a follow-up period of 1-8 years, no significant difference was noted in the mean time to death between the TDF and ETV groups. The rates of early recurrence did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.735). However, TDF treatment was significantly associated with a reduced risk of late recurrence compared to ETV (p < 0.001). In the HCC resection subgroup, the disparities in OS, early, and late recurrence rates between the two treatments paralleled those seen in the overall cohort. Conclusion: Compared to ETV, TDF may enhance OS and reduce late tumor recurrence risk in HBV-related HCC patients receiving curative treatment. However, there was no statistically significant distinction in the timing of tumor recurrence and mortality between patients administered TDF and those prescribed ETV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A causal connection between oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes, along with its associated renal and cardiovascular complications, has been established. Sixteen prescribed potentially renoprotective Chinese herbal medicines for diabetic kidney disease (PRCHMDKD), which are scientific Chinese medicine (botanical drug) and categorized into five classes (clearing heat, nourishing yin, dampness dispelling, tonifying qi, and harmonizing formulas), exhibit shared antioxidative properties and target multiple oxidative stress pathways. However, the time-response, cumulative effects, and safety (hyperkalemia risk) of these sixteen PRCHMDKD on cardiorenal and survival outcomes in patients with overall and advanced DKD remain unresolved. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed national health insurance claims data in 2000-2017. Four statistical methods, including Cox proportional hazards models, complementary restricted mean survival time (RMST), propensity score matching, and competing risk analysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were employed to investigate this relationship. The study included 43,480 PRCHMDKD users and an equal number of matched nonusers within the overall DKD patient population. For advanced DKD patients, the cohort comprised 1,422 PRCHMDKD users and an equivalent number of matched nonusers. Results: PRCHMDKD use in overall and advanced, respectively, DKD patients was associated with time-dependent reductions in adjusted hazard ratios for ESRD 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61-0.70 vs. 0.81; 0.65-0.99), all-cause mortality (0.48; 0.47-0.49 vs. 0.59; 0.50-.70), and cardiovascular mortality (0.50; 0.48-0.53 vs. 0.61; 0.45-0.82). Significant differences in RMST were observed in overall and advanced, respectively, DKD patients, favoring PRCHMDKD use: 0.31 years (95% CI, 0.24-0.38) vs. 0.61 years (0.13-1.10) for ESRD, 2.71 years (2.60-2.82) vs. 1.50 years (1.03-1.98) for all-cause mortality, and 1.18 years (1.09-1.28) vs. 0.59 years (0.22-0.95) for cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, hyperkalemia risk did not increase. These findings remained consistent despite multiple sensitivity analyses. Notably, the cumulative effects of utilizing at least four or five classes and multiple botanical drugs from the sixteen PRCHMDKD provided enhanced renoprotection for patients with both overall and advanced DKD. This suggests that there is involvement of multiple targets within the oxidative stress pathways associated with DKD. Conclusion: This real-world study suggests that using these sixteen PRCHMDKD provides time-dependent cardiorenal and survival benefits while ensuring safety for DKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: No study has reported secular trends in dementia prevalence, all-cause mortality, and survival status in rural China. Methods: We established two cohorts (XRRCC1 and XRRCC2) in the same region of China, 17 years apart, to compare dementia prevalence, all-cause mortality, and survival status, and performed regression analysis to identify associated factors. Results: Dementia prevalence was 3.49% in XRRCC1 and 4.25% in XRRCC2, with XRRCC2 showing a significantly higher prevalence (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.2-2.65). Allcause mortality rates for dementia patients were 62.0% in XRRCC1 and 35.7% in XRRCC2. Mortality in the normal population of XRRCC2 decreased by 66% compared to XRRCC1, mainly due to improved survival rates in women with dementia. Dementia prevalence was positively associated with age >65, spouse-absent status, and stroke, and negatively associated with =6 years of education. Conclusion: Dementia prevalence in rural China increased over 17 years, while mortality decreased. Major risk factors include aging, no spouse, and stroke, with higher education offering some protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved survival outcomes for advanced melanoma; however, there remains a need for novel approaches to overcome disease progression and treatment resistance. In recent years, PARPi therapy has shown great promise both as a single regimen and in combination with other therapeutics in melanoma. Here, we describe three unique cases of advanced BRAF V600 mutated melanoma that progressed on targeted BRAF/MEK agents that subsequently exhibited partial to near-complete responses to combinatory PARPi and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. This highlights both a potential synergy underlying this combinatory approach and its efficacy as a treatment option for patients with advanced melanoma refractory to targeted and/or immunotherapies. Prospective clinical trials are needed to explore this synergic effect in larger melanoma cohorts to investigate this combination for treating refractory advanced melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractProbiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) must undergo three key stages of testing, including food processing, storage, and gastrointestinal tract environment, their beneficial effects could exert. The biofilm formation of probiotic LAB is helpful for improving their stress resistances, survival rates, and colonization abilities under adverse environmental conditions, laying an important foundation for their probiotic effects. In this review, the formation process, the composition and function of basic components of probiotic LAB biofilm have been summarized. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of probiotic LAB biofilm formation. In addition, the characteristics and related mechanisms of probiotics in biofilm state have been analyzed to guide the application of probiotic LAB biofilms in the field of health and food. The biofilm formation of LAB is an extremely complex process involving multiple regulatory factors. Besides quorum sensing (QS), other regulatory factors are not yet fully understood. The probiotic LAB in biofilm state exhibit superior survival rate, adhesion performance, and immunomodulation ability, attribute to various metabolic processes, including stress response, exopolysaccharide (EPS) metabolism, amino acid and protein metabolisms, etc. The understanding about regulatory mechanism of biofilm formation of different probiotic species and strains will accelerate the development and application of probiotics products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to introduce a prediction model based on a machine learning approach as an efficient solution for prediction purposes to better prognosis and increase CRC survival. Methods: In the current retrospective study, we used the data of 1062 CRC cases to analyse and establish a prediction model for the 5-year CRC survival. The machine learning algorithms were used to develop prediction models, including random Forest, XG-Boost, bagging, logistic regression, support vector machine, artificial neural network, decision tree, and K-nearest neighbours. Results: The current study revealed that the XG-Boost with AU-ROC of 0.906 and 0.813 for internal and external conditions gave us better insight into predictability and generalizability than other algorithms. Conclusion: XG-Boost can be utilised as a knowledge source for implementing intelligent systems as an assistive tool for clinical decision-making in healthcare settings to improve prognosis and increase CRC survival through various clinical solutions that doctors can achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovarian cancer has brought serious threats to female health. CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are key transcription factors involved in ovarian cancer. Therefore, comprehensive profiling C/EBPs in ovarian cancer is needed. Methods: A comprehensive analysis concerning C/EBPs in ovarian cancer was performed. Firstly, detailed expression of C/EBP family members was integrally retrieved and then confirmed using immunohistochemistry. The regulatory effects and transcription regulatory functions of C/EBPs were studied by using regulatory network analysis and enrichment analysis. Using survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and target-disease association analysis, the predictive prognostic value of C/EBPs on survival and drug responsiveness was systematically evaluated. The effects of C/EBPs on tumor immune infiltration were also assessed. Results: Ovarian cancer tissues expressed increased CEBPA, CEBPB, and CEBPG but decreased CEBPD when compared with normal control tissues. The overall alteration frequency of C/EBPs in ovarian cancer was approaching 30%. C/EBP family members formed a reciprocal regulatory network involving carcinogenesis and had pivotal transcription regulatory functions. C/EBPs could affect survival of ovarian cancer and correlated with poor survival outcomes (OS: HR = 1.40, P =.0053 and PFS: HR = 1.41, P =.0036). Besides, expression of CEBPA, CEBPB, CEBPD, and CEBPE could predict platinum and taxane responsiveness of ovarian cancer. C/EBPs also affected immune infiltration of ovarian cancer. Conclusions: C/EBPs were closely involved in ovarian cancer and exerted multiple biological functions. C/EBPs could be exploited as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions One‐third of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are early‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC). Despite a high curative rate, 20% of early‐stage OCSCC patients do not achieve long‐term survival. This study evaluates the role of adjuvant therapy (ADJ) in delaying disease progression and prolonging survival.This single‐institute retrospective cohort study enrolled 481 early‐stage OCSCC patients, 16% (78/481) of whom received ADJ. It was reported according to the STROBE guidelines. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were employed to identify suitable candidates for ADJ.The 5‐year locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LR‐RFS) and overall survival rates were 73.2% and 84.9%, respectively. Positive margins and advanced depth of invasion (DOI) were independent predictors of LR‐RFS. For patients with positive margins, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was superior to adjuvant radiotherapy alone in improving LR‐RFS (hazard ratios for adjuvant CRT vs. none, 0.042; adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs. none, 0.702). Excluding positive margins, advanced DOI was the most critical factor in assessing the need for ADJ. Positive margins and advanced DOI were more appropriate criteria than EORTC 22931/RTOG 9501 for evaluating adjuvant CRT.Adjuvant CRT was indicated for patients with positive margins and advanced DOI to improve survival outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The relationship between dietary patterns and cirrhosis is undeniable. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis prospectively. Methods: In this cohort study, 121 cirrhotic patients were enrolled and followed up annually for four years. Nutritional status and dietary intakes were assessed initially, and the DASH score was calculated accordingly. Crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results: DASH components including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and low-fat dairy products were significantly associated with lower mortality risk in cirrhotic patients. Also, a higher DASH score was significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis, so that after adjusting for all confounders, the risk of mortality in the upper tertile was 89% lower than the first tertile (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03–0.42, P trend < 0.001). The 4-year survival rate among patients across tertiles of DASH was 32%, 37%, and 46%, respectively (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It can be concluded that a higher DASH diet score may be associated with a reduced risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients. However, larger studies are needed to confirm the findings and determine their potential mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The radiogenomic analysis has provided valuable imaging biomarkers with biological insights for gliomas. The radiogenomic markers for molecular profile such as DNA methylation remain to be uncovered to assist the molecular diagnosis and tumor treatment. Methods: We apply the machine learning approaches to identify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that are associated with molecular profiles in 146 patients with gliomas, and the fitting models for each molecular feature (MoRad) are developed and validated. To provide radiological annotations for the molecular profiles, we devise two novel approaches called radiomic oncology (RO) and radiomic set enrichment analysis (RSEA). Results: The generated MoRad models perform well for profiling each molecular feature with radiomic features, including mutational, methylation, transcriptional, and protein profiles. Among them, the MoRad models have a remarkable performance in quantitatively mapping global DNA methylation. With RO and RSEA approaches, we find that global DNA methylation could be reflected by the heterogeneity in volumetric and textural features of enhanced regions in T2-weighted MRI. Finally, we demonstrate the associations of global DNA methylation with clinicopathological, molecular, and immunological features, including histological grade, mutations of IDH and ATRX, MGMT methylation, multiple methylation-high subtypes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and long-term survival outcomes. Conclusions: Global DNA methylation is highly associated with radiological profiles in glioma. Radiogenomic global methylation is an imaging-based quantitative molecular biomarker that is associated with specific consensus molecular subtypes and immune features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]