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Background: Currently, there is no gold standard technique in SCI therapy. Although there have been many systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of inflammation in SCI, there has been no published discussion regarding the effectiveness of anti‐inflammatory pharmacotherapy when viewed from a neuroinflammatory pathway. This research aimed to examine an effective and reliable medication for decreasing inflammation in SCI and, where possible, identify effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment protocols. Methods: We searched SCOPUS, PubMed, PlosOne, and Science Direct, for experimental trials published in English. The keywords included (Pharmacotherapy OR pharmacology OR treatment) AND (traumatic spinal cord injury OR spinal cord OR traumatic OR hemisection of spinal cord OR compression OR traumatic spinal cord injury OR aneurysm clip OR hemisection of spinal cord OR sharp pin injury) AND (Side Effect therapy). In addition, the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to assess post‐SCI clinical progress. Results: Twelve pilot studies met the inclusion criteria. The highest BBB score was 15, and the best animal performance was tested after the average therapy was on the second week or 14th day. Three pharmacotherapies have fast effectiveness regarding BBB scores: calcitriol, lithium, and valproic acid. As well as a combination of pharmacotherapy therapy with surgical therapy also get significant results. Conclusions: The preliminary findings showed that many inflammatory pathways cause inflammatory agents to have their pathways for inhibition pathways, so they have different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: Medical students are at risk of developing depression due to their demanding workload and high expectations, which can impact their academic performance and cognitive function. To prevent severe complications, students must prioritize resources for mental health support, namely religious coping as a coping mechanism. Objective: The aim of this study is to prove the correlation between depression level and religious coping in medical students in the 2020 Universitas Airlangga Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, and random sampling was used as a sampling method, totaling 90 subjects. Variables used were religious coping and level of depression. The data was then analyzed, and prevalence, correlation coefficient, and p-value were acquired. The research result would be considered significant if p <0.05. Result: Out of 90 students, 32 people (35.6%) were found to have a PHQ score greater than 10, indicating depression. Severity was found mostly in people with moderate depression, which consisted of 12 people (13.3%). In terms of religious coping, 84 people (93.3%) use positive religious coping, and 6 people (6.7%) use negative religious coping. The level of depression correlates with religious coping with a Pearson correlation of -0.450, which indicates a negative correlation with a p-value less than 0.001. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among medical students in the 2020 Universitas Airlangga class is 35.6%. The level of depression was found to significantly correlate with religious coping, with a negative direction of correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Abdulloh. Machin, Dinda. Divamillenia, Nurmawati. Fatimah, Imam. Susilo, D. Purwanto, Imam. Subadi, Paulus. Sugianto, Muhammad. Hamdan, O. Pratiwi, Dyah. Fauziah, Kenia. Izzawa Background: Stroke is a neurological deficit due [...]

Background and Objectives. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is more common than urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Carcinoma of the bladder is the tenth most common cancer in the world, with 570,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths annually. Men are significantly more likely than women to develop bladder cancer, with an incidence of 9.5 per 100,000 and a mortality of 3.3 per 100,000, which are rates approximately four times those seen among women globally. Clinicopathological profiling is highly significant in bladder carcinoma because the majority of specimens are received through TURBT. Materials and Methods. This observational descriptive study takes a retrospective approach. The population of this study consists of paraffin blocks obtained from biopsy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and cystectomy that were used to diagnose urothelial carcinoma of the bladder through histopathological analysis in the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The demographic and histopathological data were taken from the patients’ medical records. Results. The majority of patients were men (88%). The average age of the patients was 58.65 years, with a range of 21–80 years and peak incidence occurring at 51–60 years (39%). The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT (68.48%), and squamous differentiation was the most frequent histologic finding (87.5%). The most common type of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder found on urine cytopathology examination was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (81%). Conclusions. The clinicopathological profile is very important in determining the prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Most patients herein were men in the age group of 51–60 years. The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT. Most tumors comprised urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and the majority was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma on urine cytopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin or (SP-4-2)-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) is one of the most potential platinum derivatives and is widely used for the treatment of various solid cancers such as testes, ovarian, head and neck, bladder, lung, and cervical cancers; melanoma; and lymphoma. The proapoptotic mechanism produced by cisplatin is quite effective in treating neoplastic cells. Cisplatin therapy is a non-target therapy. The cancer cell to which cisplatin is targeted inhibits several antiapoptotic regulators, so that cancer cells immediately start apoptosis. Increased apoptosis causes decreased Bcl-2 protein expression. This research is aimed at analyzing the effect of intravenous glutamine on the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the incidence of apoptosis in parietal layer epithelial cells of the glomerulus of male rats exposed to cisplatin. Glomerular epithelial cells are investigated as a marker of damage to the glomerulus. This study adopted an experimental design with "The Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design" with a total sample size of 30 male rats that were randomly divided into three groups (randomized). Each group consisted of 10 male rats. Group P0 was a control without any injection, only standard diet; P1 group was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 20 mg/kg of cisplatin on seventh day; and group P2 was injected intravenously with a dose of 100 mg/kgBW of glutamine for seven days then injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg of cisplatin on seventh day. There was no significant effect but moderate correlation change with p > 0.05 administration of intravenous glutamine on the expression of Bcl-2 proteins in the parietal layer epithelial cell glomerulus the incidence of apoptosis male rats exposed to cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research focused on in vitro and animal study of stem cell metabolites formula derived from the placenta for skin regeneration. Objective: This further study is a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of stem cell metabolites formula in skin regeneration. Methods: Priorly, subjects’ facial conditions were examined and recorded using Janus skin analyzer to observe marks and blemishes present on their skin. Stem cell metabolites were applied on the face twice a day, day and night, with singleuse doses of three pumps. We evaluated before and after stem cell metabolites application using Janus over the period six months, with three times repeated evaluation every two months. The Janus evaluation results are Spot, Pore, Roughness, Wrinkle, UV Acne, UV Spot, and UV Moisture. Results: The percentage of spot, pore, roughness, wrinkle, UV acne, and UV spots were noticeably reduced. Meanwhile, the percentage of UV moisture increased in almost all subjects who were evaluated for six months. From a qualitative aspect, 90% of subjects are satisfied with the results of the application of stem cell metabolites. The subjects felt that facial wrinkles had reduced, the face was smoother and supple, and reduction in dark pigmentation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that stem cell metabolites are useful in face skin regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research focuses on in vitro study of stem cell metabolites derived from placenta for wound healing. This study, however, is an advanced stage which focuses on testing the efficiency and efficacy of stem cell metabolites in rats (Rattus novergicus). The tests carried out examined the blood levels with ELISA instruments and integument histology by observing the activity of polymorph nuclear and monocyte cells in the control and treatment groups. In the control group, the rats were injured in the anterior and posterior back skin with a 1×1 cm incision wound, (only antibiotics), while the treatment group uses antibiotics and 4 mL injections of stem cell metabolites. Each group was repeated three times with the samples observed for blood levels using ELISA Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, with integument histology at pre-injection, in days 1, 3 and 6. These were used to compare the development of inflammatory cells, polymorphonuclear and monocytes between the control and treatment groups. Stem cell metabolites are significantly effective and efficient with the ability to inhibit the inflammatory process in tissues in terms of examining the blood levels of rats using ELISA Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 (anti-inflammatory) tend to significantly increase the treatment group, while Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (pro-inflammation) increases the control group. Histology results showed a decrease in the activity of polymorphonuclear and monocytes inflammatory cells in the treatment group compared to the control, which indicated that the stem cell metabolites were able to significantly inhibit the inflammatory process. It is concluded that stem cell metabolites derived from placenta are effective and efficient for wound healing in rats. Clinical study is needed for further research for it to be used on humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial dysfunction is an initial condition of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases where one of the risk factors is hypercholesterolemia. Blood cholesterol levels is associated with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increasing of ROS production can cause increased oxidative stress which in turn resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is one of the antioxidant compound that has been developed and studied. In this study we found that the use of ALA in Rattus norvegicus rats signifficantly lower the total cholesterol levels at dose 60 mg/kgBW (p=0.020). ALA also inhibit the expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) at dose 60 mg/kgBW (p=0.044) and reduces the formation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) at dose 120 mg/kgBW (p=0.009), which is the initial stage of the atherogenic development and prognosis of events, thus, ALA can reduce the risk of further damage to the endothelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Medica Indonesiana (2355-8393) is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Medica Indonesiana (2355-8393) is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stroke is the most common neurological disorder in the word. During ischemic stroke there is increasing of oxidative stress. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) have antioxidant and free radical scavenger effect. In vivo study using male Rattus Novergicus with 5 group, control MCAO group, EGCG 10 mg/kgBW, EGCG 20 mg/ kgBW, EGCG 30 mg/kgBW, extract green tea 30 mg/kgBW. Treatment is for 7 days before sacrifice and perform brain tissue IHC examination for HO-1, TNFR1, and RIP3. There is significant different in HO-1 expression started at 10 mg/kgBW treatment (p = 0.013). Significant different on TNFR1 started at group EGCG 20 mg/kgBW (p = 0.004), there is significant different on RIP3 started at EGCG 20 mg/kgBW group (p = 0.002). There is correlation between HO-1 and TNFR1 (r = 0.497; p = 0.000), TNFR1 and RIP3 (r = 0.551; p = 0.000) and HO-1 and RIP3 (r = - 0.433; p = 0.001). Camellia sinensis with its active compound EGCG decrease RIP3 expression through down regulation of HO-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objectives: Treatment of chronic pain using NSAIDs, steroids, opioids, and herbs has been associated with many complications with the long-term use. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) has been used to reduce pain, by triggering mu opioid receptor expression. We conducted this study to compare the effectiveness between WCT with oral opioids for pain management. Methodology: It was an experimental study with randomized control group post-test only design. Thirty two male white rats of strain Wistar were divided into four groups: (1) Group-NC; mice in this group were given nothing as a negative control group, (2) Group-CFA; group that was given Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) only as a positive control group, (3) Group-WCT; mice were given CFA and WCT, and (4) Group-O was given CFA and oral opioids. The measured variables were pain threshold value and mu opioid receptors. Statistical analysis was done us(ing SPSS software (version 22.0, Chicago, IL). Results: The results showed no significant differences in the expression of mu opioid receptors between Group-NC and Group-CFA (p = 0.061). There were significant differences in the expression of opioid receptors between Group-CFA and Group-WCT (p < 0.001), and also between WCT group and Group-O (p = 0.002). The differences of pain threshold value were only significant between Group-NC (p = 0,006) and Group-CFA (p = 0,013) with Group-O. Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy triggers the expression of mu opioid receptors. Wet cupping therapy as effective in relieving pain as opioids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, there is no gold standard technique in SCI therapy. Although there have been many systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of inflammation in SCI, there has been no published discussion regarding the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy when viewed from a neuroinflammatory pathway. This research aimed to examine an effective and reliable medication for decreasing inflammation in SCI and, where possible, identify effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment protocols. Methods: We searched SCOPUS, PubMed, PlosOne, and Science Direct, for experimental trials published in English. The keywords included (Pharmacotherapy OR pharmacology OR treatment) AND (traumatic spinal cord injury OR spinal cord OR traumatic OR hemisection of spinal cord OR compression OR traumatic spinal cord injury OR aneurysm clip OR hemisection of spinal cord OR sharp pin injury) AND (Side Effect therapy). In addition, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to assess post-SCI clinical progress. Results: Twelve pilot studies met the inclusion criteria. The highest BBB score was 15, and the best animal performance was tested after the average therapy was on the second week or 14th day. Three pharmacotherapies have fast effectiveness regarding BBB scores: calcitriol, lithium, and valproic acid. As well as a combination of pharmacotherapy therapy with surgical therapy also get significant results. Conclusions: The preliminary findings showed that many inflammatory pathways cause inflammatory agents to have their pathways for inhibition pathways, so they have different ways., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Eko Agus Subagio et al.)