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The intricate web of environmental challenges faced by the global community necessitates a profound understanding of the potential solutions offered by nature's smallest inhabitants - environmental microorganisms. This comprehensive review paper seeks to illuminate the pivotal role of these microorganisms in addressing pressing environmental and ecological issues at both global and local scales. By investigating their many capacities and uses, this study hopes to shed light on the transformational influence that environmental microorganisms may have on attaining sustainability and resilience in the face of rising environmental issues. Through a detailed analysis of their adaptability, contributions to pollution control, agriculture, and ecosystem preservation, as well as the imperative need for further research and collaboration, this paper endeavors to underscore the profound significance of environmental microorganisms in shaping a harmonious coexistence between humanity and the natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coagulation-flocculation is widely used in the treatment of water and wastewater to remove suspended and colloidal particles. Most chemical coagulants used are synthetic and after treatment, the sludge residuals will be toxic and unable to recovery as fertilizer. This study used natural coagulants which are safe because after treatment, the sludge residual no toxic. Seven types of natural coagulants were selected from Iraqi plants to investigate the 500 NTU turbidity removal prepared from Kaolin powder. The experiment parameters were coagulant concentrations ranging from 0 to 10.000 mg/L, fast mixing (200 rpm) for 5 minutes, slow mixing (30 rpm) for 15 minutes, and 25 minutes of sedimentation time. Thereafter, a hybrid system is investigated for the best three natural coagulants with aid alum concentrations of 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L. Results show that the three most effective natural coagulants had turbidity removal of 48, 47, and 47 for palm fiber, palm pith, and watermelon rinds, respectively, at 500 mg/L concentration. For a hybrid system, the best one is with 10 mg/L alum aid with 66% turbidity removal efficiencies for watermelon rinds at 500 mg/L concentration. Natural coagulant is a sustainable solution for a safe environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current energy requirements are fulfilled by the combustion of fossil fuels, resulting in various concerns including environmental pollution and the depletion of natural resources. Hydrogen has emerged as a sustainable solution for the current energy crisis and is a potential alternative to fossil fuels. Consequently, modern technologies are being developed to introduce novel options for utilizing renewable energy sources as an alternative for energy generation. The use of waste (lignocellulosic) biomass in the aqueous-phase reforming (APR) process for hydrogen production has provided sustainable solutions. The APR mechanism utilizes different catalysts depending on the type of feedstock used for hydrogen production. Catalyst selection mainly aims to facilitate hydrogen production via C–C bond cleavage and the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. This review focuses on green hydrogen production from waste biomass via APR. In addition, the economic and commercial feasibility of APR for hydrogen production using different types of biomass waste, development of catalysts for higher selectivity, process integration, optimization of process parameters, and the use of pretreatment processes to increase hydrogen yield are highlighted. The total cost of H 2 production is estimated to be $7.45/kg H 2 ; therefore, economic feasibility remains a significant challenge for its large-scale implementation. This study is concluded with suggestions for optimizing the process for economical and large-scale hydrogen production. • Comprehensive analysis of aqueous phase reforming (APR) for hydrogen production. • Evaluate the suitable catalyst in terms of design and activity for APR. • Discussion on reaction mechanisms in APR for sustainable hydrogen production. • Discussion on process parameters and their effect on hydrogen production. • Detailed techno-economic analysis for sustainable hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design Thinking is a user-centred framework that captures unmet needs of users and generates ideas for sustainable solutions. Quality Function Deployment is a tool that translates the voice of customers into engineering attributes required for product and process design. Both concepts are globally adopted in various fields including but not limited to; manufacturing industries, business and service sectors, education, research, health care and social innovation. This study aims to propose a methodological framework that combine principles from user-driven ideation and customer-focused product/process design for the development of a sustainable solution in the context of small-scale agricultural community. The framework is validated with a case study at a learning community centre in Thailand. The machine was built with functions that allowed it to shred plants and mix the fertiliser simultaneously which was well accepted and sustainably used in the community. A policy recommendation based on this study is when working with community-based problems, the designers should immerse themselves with the community to completely understand the problem and solution context. A co-creation between the designers and the community users is encouraged to obtain impactful solutions. Local resources and accessible technology should be taken into account to reassure an effective and sustainable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTDesign Thinking is a user-centred framework that captures unmet needs of users and generates ideas for sustainable solutions. Quality Function Deployment is a tool that translates the voice of customers into engineering attributes required for product and process design. Both concepts are globally adopted in various fields including but not limited to; manufacturing industries, business and service sectors, education, research, health care and social innovation. This study aims to propose a methodological framework that combine principles from user-driven ideation and customer-focused product/process design for the development of a sustainable solution in the context of small-scale agricultural community. The framework is validated with a case study at a learning community centre in Thailand. The machine was built with functions that allowed it to shred plants and mix the fertiliser simultaneously which was well accepted and sustainably used in the community. A policy recommendation based on this study is when working with community-based problems, the designers should immerse themselves with the community to completely understand the problem and solution context. A co-creation between the designers and the community users is encouraged to obtain impactful solutions. Local resources and accessible technology should be taken into account to reassure an effective and sustainable solution.

Abstract The growing energy demand and lack of access to clean energy sources call for the development of more energy for cooking in households, briquettes produced using agricultural materials and related biomass have the capacity for utilization as an energy source. This study aims to introduce briquettes as an alternative energy source for cooking within conflict-affected communities in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria, where factors relating to the high cost of charcoal, security constraints, and the environmental impact of tree cutting have sparked apprehension and raised concerns. The study demonstrates the likelihood of adopting briquettes as a cooking fuel alternative in communities recovering from insurgency. Using assessment tools such as household surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving a total of 536 questionnaires administered to respondents; KII was administered to 37 respondents and 9 FGDs with cooperatives and dealers in traditional fuel were conducted. From the results 73% of the community relies on charcoal as their primary fuel source, since the majority (68.7%) appeared to be low-income households, 24.1% reported that the high cost of charcoal is a major hindrance to continued usage. However, despite the communities showing potential in briquettes, only 3.7% are aware of briquettes as an alternative option for cooking energy indicating the adoption of briquettes being low in the region. A situational assessment was carried and sensitization strategies were recommended as means to enhance livelihoods and build resilience within the community.

The growing energy demand and lack of access to clean energy sources call for the development of more energy for cooking in households, briquettes produced using agricultural materials and related biomass have the capacity for utilization as an energy source. This study aims to introduce briquettes as an alternative energy source for cooking within conflict-affected communities in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria, where factors relating to the high cost of charcoal, security constraints, and the environmental impact of tree cutting have sparked apprehension and raised concerns. The study demonstrates the likelihood of adopting briquettes as a cooking fuel alternative in communities recovering from insurgency. Using assessment tools such as household surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving a total of 536 questionnaires administered to respondents; KII was administered to 37 respondents and 9 FGDs with cooperatives and dealers in traditional fuel were conducted. From the results 73% of the community relies on charcoal as their primary fuel source, since the majority (68.7%) appeared to be low-income households, 24.1% reported that the high cost of charcoal is a major hindrance to continued usage. However, despite the communities showing potential in briquettes, only 3.7% are aware of briquettes as an alternative option for cooking energy indicating the adoption of briquettes being low in the region. A situational assessment was carried and sensitization strategies were recommended as means to enhance livelihoods and build resilience within the community. Highlights: Briquettes as alternative energy for cooking are investigated. Briquettes situational analyses are conducted. Briquette's sensitization strategies have been developed. Briquette production could offer resilience and sustainable livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a fundamental paradigm shift in the automotive industry, driven by the desire to achieve sustainable mobility, ameliorate climate change, and cut greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicle (EV) technology has advanced significantly in recent years, with improvements in battery efficiency, range, and charging infrastructure among them. Lithium‐ion battery technology has evolved tremendously, boosting energy density and cutting costs as the primary energy storage option for electric vehicles. The advancement of fast‐charging stations and smart grid integration, which have significantly resolved concerns with convenience and charging time, has also fostered a wider acceptance of EVs. Nonetheless, the operating temperature range of the lithium‐ion cells currently in use is 15°C‐35°C. The vehicle's range and battery performance can be impacted by temperatures above or below. For efficient cooling and to keep the cells within the operational temperature range, a suitable Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) must be implemented. The utilization of fly ash nanoparticles dispersed in water‐ethylene glycol base fluid as coolant in indirect liquid cooling systems is the main topic of the current work. For 14 LFP cylindrical cells with a 2S7P configuration and a serpentine cooling channel between the cells, an ANSYS FLUENT model has been created. The goal of the current study is to comprehend the rise in temperature at the outlet for various flow velocities by using fly ash nanofluid with 5% particle concentration as cooling. When the fluid flow rate was 0.1 m/s, the cooling performance was better, resulting in an outlet temperature rise of 311.976 K and a 4% temperature rise above the 300 K inlet fluid flow temperature. Indicating efficient cooling at lower fluid flow velocities, the percentage difference between the rise in temperature of the fluid's outflow at 0.1 and 3 m/s is 3.07%. Compared to the current coolant, ethylene glycol, the average increase in temperature difference (∆T)% is between 0.9% and 1.2% using fly ash nanofluid. Thus, the use of Fly ash as a nanofluid in battery cooling applications will certainly help to reduce the temperature of the battery pack and can provide a sustainable solution leading to lesser degradation of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of global water scarcity, exacerbated by population growth, pollution, and uneven resource distribution, demands innovative solutions. Seawater desalination, particularly Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination technology, offers a promising remedy due to its efficiency, economic attractiveness, and enduring durability. This study explores the potential of solar-powered desalination to replace grid-imported electricity as a cost-effective solution to water scarcity, emphasizing economic and environmental aspects. We delve into the economic viability of desalination by developing a model that considers desalination capacity, input electricity prices, and specific energy consumption. Applying this model to case studies in Portugal (Porto Santo Island in the Madeira Archipelago and Algarve in the southern mainland) demonstrates that integrating photovoltaic (PV) solar energy systems to supply the electricity required in the desalination process can reduce the unit production costs of desalinated water by about 33%. The obtained unit production cost of desalinated water using solar PV input is lower than current water tariffs, underscoring the economic feasibility of this approach. The proposed solution is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), contributing to Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As photosynthetic microorganisms, cyanobacteria play a dominant part in numerous ecological systems owing to their ability to fix carbon and nitrogen and are therefore an essential part of primary production in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The utility of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in plant biotechnology opens up promising strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of rare, endangered plant species and bioactive cell cultures. Here, we discuss the complicated physiological aspects of biological nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria and their symbiotic relationship with plants. This review focuses on recent advances in biotechnological tools such as CRISPR-Cas9, nanotechnology and multiomics-based approaches for enhancing plant regeneration systems to cultivate specialized metabolites. We also look at the methods in vitro preservation of plants and how to scale up a culture using bioreactor systems. The review ends by highlighting the promise of cyanobacteria-powered plant biotechnology as a renewable mechanism for rare species conservation and specialized metabolites production, providing an optimistic modal, formative future direction in plant biosynthesis.

The valorization of waste fishing trawl (WFT) and waste fishing rope (WFR) fibers in cementitious materials (CMs) has gained attention in recent years; however, the lack of information on the cutting and cleaning techniques for these fibers hinders their widespread commercial utilization. Existing research primarily relies on manual cutting, which proves to be impractical for large-scale production due to its time-consuming nature and lack of industrial feasibility. This research is a component of the VALNET project and introduces an innovative technique that utilizes the cutting mill to convert WFT and WFR into fibers to effectively overcome the constraints of earlier methodologies. By employing a rotor with blades, this apparatus enables efficient and precise cutting of WFT and WFR, eliminating the need for labor-intensive manual cutting. The sustainable cleaning of WFT and WFR was carried out utilizing rain and wind by placing them outside for a certain period of time. The advancements presented in this study provide a pathway for an efficient and scalable valorization of WFT and WFR fibers in CM. The study focused on analyzing the impact of varying fiber sizes and percentages on the mechanical properties of CM. Different sizes obtained from the cutting machine and different fiber percentages were examined to gain a better understanding of their influence. The fibers obtained by the utilization of a 20 mm sieve yield optimal outcomes, while the incorporation of fibers at a volume fraction of 0.5% yields the most favorable results. Furthermore, the study presents evidence of a noticeable rise in porosity resulting from the incorporation of WFT and WFR fibers, regardless of their size and proportion. Porosity slightly increases as the fiber length increases, but the rise in fiber proportion leads to a significantly greater increase in porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green roofs have become a popular sustainable solution in urban areas, and in recent years, shipping containers have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative for housing. A promising proposal is to combine these two solutions. This research aims to analyze the thermal behavior of experimental modules of scale constructions. Four modules were constructed with different substrate thicknesses (4, 6, 8, and 12 cm) to verify the impact on thermal behavior and provide guidance for this technology. Additionally, another module was built without a green roof for control purposes. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures and humidities, soil moistures, and temperatures between green roof layers were recorded in a tropical climate in summer. The behavior was similar between the different thicknesses for the whole period but with significant differences in the indoor temperature amplitudes (13.8 °C for the thinner substrate, 9.7 °C for the thicker one, and 38.7 °C for the bare roof). This study also revealed considerable heat conduction between the side walls and the slab, which resulted in an upward heat flow to the substrate during a day with a clear sky, which is the opposite of what is observed in conventional roofs. During the night and rainy periods, temperatures tend to become closer between the roof's layers when the substrate dissipates the energy absorbed throughout the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining hydrogen with natural gas, a hydrocarbon fuel, is seen as a critical step towards reaching net-zero emissions and creating a cleaner environment. To tackle climate change, major organizations like the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Innovation, and the International Renewable Energy Agency are promoting the use of hydrogen blended with natural gas. This approach can potentially cut emissions in half compared to relying solely on natural gas. Using the Ansys 2022 R1 CHEMKIN tool, the study analyses combustion features in H2-CNG (compressed natural gas) -air mixtures, considering atmospheric conditions and operational parameters. Blending 50 % hydrogen with CNG results in significant changes, including an increase in laminar flame speed from 48.78 cm/s to 71.52 cm/s. As the hydrogen content in the CNG blend increases from 0 to 50 %, the concentration of free radicals like H, O, and OH rises by 42.86 %, 28.57 %, and 20.00 %, respectively, reaching these values at a 50 % hydrogen blend compared to pure CNG. NSGA-II multi-objective optimization identified that a 50 % hydrogen-blended CNG surpasses pure CNG in laminar flame speed and free radical generation. The research confirms that H2-CNG creates a promising fuel with several advantages. When combusted, H2-CNG mixtures exhibit superior characteristics, including potentially increased efficiency through increased free radical formation and laminar flame speed. This innovation has the potential to significantly reduce carbon footprint and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality goals. The cleaner and more efficient combustion properties of H2-CNG offer a compelling pathway for mitigating climate change.

Energy consumption data reveals that buildings account for 40 % of overall energy usage. Without urgent intervention, this figure is poised to escalate alongside population growth, exacerbating the dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. Addressing this pressing issue demands effective measures to curtail energy consumption in buildings, a realm where research on bamboo's thermal performance still needs to be improved. This study fills a critical gap by investigating the integration of bamboo fibre in the briquettes, known for their high heat transfer coefficient (U-value). Leveraging the innovative coheating test method, the research pioneers an unexplored avenue to evaluate thermal performance. This novel approach distinguishes the study as a unique and original endeavour in the field. The findings demonstrate significant thermal enhancements by substituting bamboo fibre: 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % bamboo additions yield U-values of 4.698 W/m2K, 3.94 W/m2K, and 2.77 W/m2K, respectively. Notably, the 6 % bamboo-reinforced briquette showcases a remarkable 49.9 % improvement in thermal resistance compared to conventional counterparts. This study marks a pioneering effort towards achieving energy efficiency through sustainable materials in designing low/zero carbon buildings. By showcasing the potential of bamboo as a thermal insulator, the research illuminates a promising path for future construction practices. Embracing such innovations is paramount in mitigating the environmental impact and securing a sustainable future.

Copyright of World Water Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The valorization of waste fishing trawl (WFT) and waste fishing rope (WFR) fibers in cementitious materials (CMs) has gained attention in recent years; however, the lack of information on the cutting and cleaning techniques for these fibers hinders their widespread commercial utilization. Existing research primarily relies on manual cutting, which proves to be impractical for large-scale production due to its time-consuming nature and lack of industrial feasibility. This research is a component of the VALNET project and introduces an innovative technique that utilizes the cutting mill to convert WFT and WFR into fibers to effectively overcome the constraints of earlier methodologies. By employing a rotor with blades, this apparatus enables efficient and precise cutting of WFT and WFR, eliminating the need for labor-intensive manual cutting. The sustainable cleaning of WFT and WFR was carried out utilizing rain and wind by placing them outside for a certain period of time. The advancements presented in this study provide a pathway for an efficient and scalable valorization of WFT and WFR fibers in CM. The study focused on analyzing the impact of varying fiber sizes and percentages on the mechanical properties of CM. Different sizes obtained from the cutting machine and different fiber percentages were examined to gain a better understanding of their influence. The fibers obtained by the utilization of a 20 mm sieve yield optimal outcomes, while the incorporation of fibers at a volume fraction of 0.5% yields the most favorable results. Furthermore, the study presents evidence of a noticeable rise in porosity resulting from the incorporation of WFT and WFR fibers, regardless of their size and proportion. Porosity slightly increases as the fiber length increases, but the rise in fiber proportion leads to a significantly greater increase in porosity.

With the growth of the wind industry in the world and the commissioning of turbines with powers higher than 1 MW, higher loads and increased stresses have a strong effect on the durability of the bearings that equip the main shaft and the kinematic transmission of wind turbine gears. As a result, the wind industry is demanding greater durability of the bearings that equip the main shaft and the kinematic transmission with gears, and manufacturers are striving to come up with solutions for these requirements. The novelty in this work consists in the identification of some solutions, as well as improvements of the existing solutions for the construction of some mechanical systems for the existing wind turbines. We present below some constructive bearing solutions that are effective in the wind turbine industry. The research in the paper consists of: stress analysis of the loadbearing structure for the axial radial bearing with straight rollers with single ring, some aspects about lubrication of blade bearing in wind turbine and defects in blade bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, urbanization, industrialization, and transportation have worsened urban air quality in recent decades. Using sustainable, cost-effective methods to monitor and reduce air pollution is crucial. The best Nature-based Solution (NbS) for urban environmental cleanup is plants. Roadside plants are key carriers of air pollution and have various tolerances. Ziziphus spina-christi's air pollution tolerance was assessed using the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) examined the heavy metal accumulation capacity of Ziziphus spina-Christi's fruits and leaves. Two sampling sites were studied: a reference location remote from human activity and a densely populated metropolitan region. Ziziphus spina-christi is considered a tolerant species in Qatar, based on its calculated value of APTI in this study. Both total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid influence APTI levels and have a strong positive correlation with APTI. BCF values in leaves were higher than fruits indicating that the leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi have a greater potential for metal absorption than its fruits. Moreover, the leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi showed a potential for mercury accumulation (BCF > 1), thus it is a good candidate to be used for phytoremediation in areas of mercury contamination. The integration of both APTI and BCF methods is significant and beneficial in advising policymakers and urban planners regarding suitable tree species for sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bending rigidity magnitude of sewing thread provides a sustainable solution on the appearance of single needle lock stitched lightweight woven fabrics which are prone to pucker. Comparison of sewing thread bending rigidity with thread count, thread diameter, thread cyclic recovery and their resultant implication in the single lock stitched assemblies were given less consideration for the prediction and reduction of seam pucker severity. The resultant implication of physical and mechanical properties of sewing thread with rising trend of static thread tension magnitude at lock stitched sewing machine has significant impact on lightweight lock stitched fabric assemblies to predict and elude seam pucker. The present research is focused to investigate impact of the thread bending rigidity on count, diameter and cyclic recovery at 4th cycle of four cores spun sewing threads. The study concluded that sewing thread bending rigidity has high coefficient of determination of sewing thread; diameter (R² =0.81), count (R² =0.73) and cyclic recovery (R² =0.77). Single needle 400 lock stitched samples of two cores spun sewing threads (t2 and t4) were prepared with ten plain weave lightweight woven fabric samples prone to pucker at four different static needle thread tensions. It is also established that combined effect of sewing thread static tension and cyclic recovery at sewing machine has significant coefficient of determination (R²>0.85 at low static thread tension and R²>0.73 at very high static thread tension) to predict and elude seam pucker severity. Research finding provides a sustainable solution to select the fine count sewing thread attuned with lightweight woven fabrics prone to pucker severity. It was observed that the Fine count sewing thread has lowest bending rigidity and 4th cyclic recovery magnitudes (R² close to 1) to reduce or predict pucker severity for prone to pucker plain weave lightweight woven fabrics at minimum static thread tension (25gf) on single needle lock stitched sewing machine (R²>0.81). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green roofs have become a popular sustainable solution in urban areas, and in recent years, shipping containers have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative for housing. A promising proposal is to combine these two solutions. This research aims to analyze the thermal behavior of experimental modules of scale constructions. Four modules were constructed with different substrate thicknesses (4, 6, 8, and 12 cm) to verify the impact on thermal behavior and provide guidance for this technology. Additionally, another module was built without a green roof for control purposes. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures and humidities, soil moistures, and temperatures between green roof layers were recorded in a tropical climate in summer. The behavior was similar between the different thicknesses for the whole period but with significant differences in the indoor temperature amplitudes (13.8 °C for the thinner substrate, 9.7 °C for the thicker one, and 38.7 °C for the bare roof). This study also revealed considerable heat conduction between the side walls and the slab, which resulted in an upward heat flow to the substrate during a day with a clear sky, which is the opposite of what is observed in conventional roofs. During the night and rainy periods, temperatures tend to become closer between the roof’s layers when the substrate dissipates the energy absorbed throughout the day.

Water quality evaluation is a progressively significant area in environmental research and developing sustainable solutions. Evaluation of water quality can be a process that includes multiple factors that can be causing an impact on water quality. Academics have developed many assessment indices to intuitively display the environmental waste management system results and water quality evaluation. Environmental waste management encourages industrial garbage's safe handling and use by offering comprehensive, up-to-date information on physicochemical, chemical, and environmental hazards in the sugar, pulp, and paper industries, tanning, distilling, fabrics, petroleum hydrocarbons, and agrochemical industries. The environmental waste management system's challenging characteristics include the subsequent produce having a reduced life span and hazardous waste management spaces. The notices that are not completed consistently are considered the vital factor. In this paper, the Multi-Criteria Generic Evaluation Sustainable Approach (MCGESA) has been proposed to improve the resultant product's quality, support environmental-friendly practices water quality, and reduce the globe's temperature to develop a sustainable solution the environmental waste management system. Partial sustainable product analysis is implemented to replace the disposal items with reusable items and maintain eco-friendly recycled products to develop the environmental waste management system. Municipal life cycle assessment is integrated with MCGESA to strengthen uniformity in waste management practices that help to develop integrated environmental waste management systems with a sustainable solution. The simulation analysis is executed based on economic, ecological, and efficiency analysis, proving the suggested framework's reliability using SWR. HIGHLIGHTS A Multi-Criteria Generic Evaluation Sustainable Approach is proposed to manage environmental waste.; Partial sustainable product analysis is implemented.; A simulation analysis is executed to test the new framework.;

In the field practice, industrial wastes are recommended for use in construction to achieve both environmental and economic benefits. A novel technique of supplementing lime to the black cotton soil stabilized with bagasse ash is adopted to overcome the shortcomings of the black cotton soil stabilized with bagasse ash alone. The experiments have been conducted by adding lime to the black cotton soil mixed with varied percentages, i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of bagasse ash to ameliorate the properties of black cotton soil stabilized along with bagasse ash. Microstructural characterization such as X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-coupled field emission the scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses were done to examine the changes caused by the additives. This phenomenon is keenly examined with FE-SEM images by analyzing them using digital imaging technique. The imaging technique carried out using Image J depicts the reduction in void spaces and identified that lime has a perceptible influence in the formation of stable and dense structure of black cotton soil stabilized with bagasse ash rather than stabilizing the black cotton soil with bagasse ash alone. In extension to these studies, new technique in analyzing the shrinkage properties using Python was proposed and the results have been upheld with Image J measurements. After a thorough examination of experimental results, it was revealed that the addition of small amounts of portlandite-rich hydrated lime resulted in a higher reactivity which aided in enhancing the engineering characteristics of black cotton soil over the use of bagasse ash solely for the stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conditioning of living and working spaces in the building sector consumes a significant amount of energy. Among the natural ventilation techniques that rely on renewable energy sources such as geothermal and wind, wind towers and earth to air heat exchangers (EAHEs) hold prominence. This research paper presents a series of experiments conducted in the arid region of Bechar, Algeria, to investigate the effectiveness of combined natural ventilation systems employing wind towers and EAHEs. The test chamber, constructed from plywood, and the tower, along with the buried polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe EAHE at a depth of 150 cm in sandy-loam soil, constitute a completely natural system with zero energy consumption. Two scenarios were examined: one with closed windows and the other with open windows measuring 40 × 40 cm2. The results indicate a noteworthy improvement in thermal comfort within the chamber, with an increase from 18.75% for the closed window system to 50% when the window is open. By employing a completely natural system without energy consumption, it becomes possible to fulfill 50% of the thermal comfort requirements during both summer and winter seasons. Consequently, this approach reduces at least half of the energy demands in a region that experiences six months of discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cello-oligosaccharides (COS) are gaining great attention for their prebiotic-like properties, e.g., boosting gut health by promoting beneficial bacteria and improving digestion. This study produced COS, consisting predominantly of 4-10 glucose units (>80% of total COS) through enzymatic selective hydrolysis of cellulose using Ultimase BWL 40 (endoglucanase and xylanase) and Celluclast 1.5 L (cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanase). Celluclast 1.5 L mediated hydrolysis of cellulose for 7 h, yielding 22% COS, and Ultimase BWL 40 for 24 h afforded 32% COS to a large extent governed by the patterns of composed hydrolytes associated with the components and specificity of the enzyme recipe. Moreover, a novel kind of amphiphilic COS product was developed through (2-dodecen-1-yl succinyl) alkylsuccinylation of COS, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 HNMR) spectroscopy; thereby, COS was endowed with the amphiphilic property. Not surprisingly, alkylsuccinylated COS (SAC12) stabilized cosurfactant-free emulsions of high oil-load, e.g., 70 wt % fish oil-in-water emulsions, achieving remarkably homogeneous nano-/microdroplets (500-540 nm), extremely narrow polydispersity index (PDI < 0.1), and strongly negative zeta potential (-45 to -48 mV), thus demonstrating exceptional stability. Overall, alkylsuccinylated COS (SAC12) offers superior emulsifying capabilities without a cosurfactant while maintaining prebiotic benefits, thus providing a versatile sustainable solution for various nutraceutical/pharmaceutical applications.

Non renewable energy sources in Bangladesh is severely limited. Mainly in the rural areas energy crisis and desertification problem is very acute. Thus, it is essential to find out the renewable energy resources as well as to improve the effective renewable energy technologies. Bangladesh is adorned with huge renewable energy capitals such as solar, hydro, wind, biomass, tidal and geothermal energy due to its appropriate geographical position. Proper harnessing of these renewable energy sources would be a promising solution to alleviate the energy need mainly in the rural areas of Bangladesh. However, there are some political, economical, technological, informational, institutional, personnel barriers for proper utilization of renewable energy resources. It is required to work together of different government and non-government organizations to solve the problems and utilize the renewable energy technologies. Thus, renewable energy technology development related research works are crucial in developing countries like Bangladesh. Moreover, the potentiality of renewable energy capitals and their implementation is needed to be assembled in details to understand the whole scenario of the renewable energy sector of Bangladesh. The objective of this research is to deliver a recent review of renewable energy status in Bangladesh in respect to the energy potentiality and its implementation, research and development activities. Major challenges of the renewable energy sector of Bangladesh are also addressed and based on that some recommendations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrometallurgy is a primary method for recovering cathode electrode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Most of the current research materials are pure cathode electrode materials obtained through manual disassembly. However, the spent LIBs are typically broken as a whole during the actual industrial recycling which makes the electrode materials combined with the collector fluid. Therefore, the competitive leaching between metal collector fluid and electrode material was examined. The pyrolysis characteristics of the electrode materials were analyzed to determine the pyrolysis temperature. The electrode sheet was pyrolyzed and then crushed for competitive leaching. The effect of pyrolysis was analyzed by XPS. The competitive leaching behavior was studied based on leaching agent concentration, leaching time and leaching temperature. The composition and morphology of the residue were determined to prove the competitive leaching results by XRD-SEM. TG results showed that 500 °C was the suitable pyrolysis temperature. XPS analysis demonstrated that pyrolysis can completely remove PVDF. Li and Co were preferentially leached during the competitive leaching while the leaching rates were 90.10% and 93.40% with 50 min leaching at 70 °C. The Al and Cu had weak competitive leachability and the leaching rate was 29.10% and 0.00%. XRD-SEM analysis showed that Li and Co can be fully leached with residual Al and Cu remaining. The results showed that the mixed leaching of electrode materials is feasible based on its excellent selective leaching properties. • The all components leaching approach of crushed spent LIBs is feasible. • Li and Co can be preferentially leached in competitive leaching. • The fine grain size enhances the leaching rate of Li and Co. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) has been used in several types of research due to its potential in applications for the areas of construction materials and geotechnics. Biotechnology into the area of building materials, has enabled the development of the so-called biomaterials of construction produced through biomineralization. Most of the biocementation studies to make biosandstones, biobricks or to promote bio self-healing on concrete present bacteria as the microorganisms responsible for the CaCO3 induction process. Fungi are potentially better for the biocementation process because they have more biomass and some develop filaments that can be used as microfibers on materials. Thus, the present work proposes the development of a methodology to analyse the potential use of two urease-positive fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum MUM 9743 and Neurospora crassa MUM 9208) to produce biosandstone. The microstructure and chemical constituents of biocrystals formed due to MICCP were observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM showed fungal mycelia as bio-based fibre in biosandstone and clusters of probable calcite crystals on and around mycelia. Despite the resistance obtained was up to 50-66 kPa until now, both fungi were able to promote biocementation of sand. More research is needed to increase the material resistance up to 1-2 MPa that is required for these building materials.

Female entrepreneurship is a sustainable entrepreneurial activity by women, individually or in a group. This relatively new phenomenon has been gaining attention in developing countries like Bangladesh. The female graduates of the country represent an important yet untapped segment of entrepreneurship. The paper critically reviews the existing literature and evaluates the current situation of this segment and finds that issues from social, cultural, legal, political, workplace and educational system contexts limit their capacity to participate in the labor-force besides their male counterparts. The issues, if not treated prudently, might adversely affect the socio-economic goals of Bangladesh. Entrepreneurship may stand as a sustainable employment solution for the female graduates, which would enable them to contribute to the Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector of the country. The article proposes practical recommendations to reinforce the initiatives by the stakeholders and suggests to make necessary policy changes in order to facilitate graduate female entrepreneurship in the SME sector, enhance sustainability of the sector and convert it into a catalyst for economic growth of Bangladesh.

Noakhali Pourashava is an important municipality in southern Bangladesh, faces severe waterlogging problems every year during the monsoon period. The present study aimed to investigate the major causes of waterlogging and its negative effects on life, from the viewpoint of people residing in different areas of Noakhali Pourashava, various government, non-government, development organizations as well as various stakeholders including experts. It has been found that Noakhali Pourashava experienced waterlogging during peak monsoon season in ward no. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8. Most of the inhabitants/respondents of the Noakhali Pourashava claimed that lack of drainage facility; excessive rainfall; inadequate, low capacity and conventional drainage system; natural siltation; improper waste management; absence of proper inlets and outlets; and blockage and encroachment of existing drainage are responsible for waterlogging. It has ascertained that the water logging becomes a burden for the inhabitants of the Pourashava and creating adverse effects on livelihood, society, infrastructure, economy and environment. Other notable adverse effects of waterlogging are disruption of traffic movement and normal life, structures and infrastructure damage and loss of income potentials with a lot of sufferings. The stagnant water acts as a breeding site for the vectors of various diseases and becomes a health hazard to people residing in the waterlogged area. The current study suggests that close coordination among Pourashava authorities, local government agencies and a strong collaboration between public and private sectors as well as local people participation are essential for solving the waterlogging problem effectively and sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) began with a mission to generate investment for infrastructure, renewable energy (RE) and energy-efficient projects in Bangladesh through public–private partnership initiatives. IDCOL started its RE activities in 2003 with a programme named solar home system (SHS). With an installed capacity of 185 MWp, SHSs are positioned in remote areas where grid expansion is difficult and costly. The aim is to ensure access to clean electricity for power-starved off-grid rural communities, which previously relied on kerosene lamps for lighting purposes. The case starts with a depiction of the energy sector in Bangladesh and an overview of IDCOL. The four dimensions of 4A framework are applied to the SHS business model to discuss how it has enriched the lives of more than 12 per cent of the population. IDCOL is expected to face a decline in investments in the RE sector as this flagship SHS Program is currently under threat of becoming non-existent. The case broaches the subject on how IDCOL plans to position itself amidst the dilemma of Bangladesh's changing market. Dilemma: Due the free distribution of SHS by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) under its safety net programme, IDCOL is expected to face a decline in investments in the RE sector as this flagship SHS Program is currently under threat of becoming non-existent. The case broaches the subject on how IDCOL plans to position itself amidst the dilemma of Bangladesh's changing market. Theory: 4A framework applied to the Solar Home System business model Type of the Case: Problem-solving, secondary data Protagonist: NA Options: Softer financing, expansion in other use segments, developing newer products and exploring different projects, entering markets in other countries Discussions and Case Questions: Should IDCOL enter a new market in Bangladesh? Should they invest primarily in grid-connected solar projects and roof-top solar projects under its RE program? Should the firm diversify its portfolio by including industrial energy efficiency, power generation, shipbuilding and shipyard, IT and telecommunication, ports, social and tourism infrastructure and infrastructure backward linkage projects? International advisory service and energy from waste are also lucrative options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]