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Marsdenia erecta R. Br. is known to have positive effects and is therefore used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatism, and skin disorders in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity and chemical constituents of wood, inflorescences, leaves, and bark of M erecta. In this study, hydrodistillation and SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) methods were compared for analysis of essential oils (EO), and chemical corn pounds of the essential oils were determined. The hydrodistillation method revealed components including alpha-pinene, nonanal, safranal in inflorescences; alpha-pinene, theaspirane, 3-hexenyl benzoate in leaves; theaspirane, ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate in wood; and eicosane in bark. As a result of SPME analysis, the main compounds detected were alpha-pinene and terpinolene in inflorescences; alpha-pinene, sabinene, 1-oc-ten-3-ol, beta-myrcene, limonene, beta-phellandrene, and cis-sabinene hydrate 4-terpineol in leaves; cyclosativene, alpha-copaene, and beta-caryophyllene in wood; and 3-octanone, beta-copaene, dimethyldecalol, 4-ethylveratrol, and 4-vinylveratrol in bark. In vitro studies showed that the essential oil obtained from wood using the hydrodistillation method inhibits the hyaluronidase and collagenase enzymes and thus promotes the wound healing process.

Eucalyptus species has been used for treating several diseases such as sinusitis, bronchitis, toothache, kidney disorders and rheumatism in worldwide traditional medicine. In Turkey, E. globulus leaves are used to treat wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil from the fruits of E. globulus and its wound healing activity. Since wound repair is related to inflammatory associated conditions, the supposed anti-inflammatory activity of the oil was investigated. Essential oil from E. globulus, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Linear incision and circular excision wound models on rats were used for the wound healing activity of the oil, and acetic acid induced increases in capillary permeability model in mice was used for the anti-inflammatory activity. Analysis of the essential oil showed that the main components were eucalyptol, alpha-phellandrene, beta-phellandrene, cymene, 4-terpineol, alpha-pinene, alpha-thujone, alpha-terpinene and gamma-terpinene. The essential oil comprises 53.67 % eucalyptol. It exhibited significant wound healing activity in the models studied, and the oil revealed a significant inhibitory effect on inflammation. These findings add significant information to the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of E. globulus, therefore justifying and supporting the use of this plant in traditional folk medicine.

This study evaluates wound healing activities of n-hexane and acetone extracts, as well as the essential oils obtained from the berries and leaves of Myrtus communis L., (Myrtaceae), using excision and incision wound models. Ulcerations of the skin tissues, re-epithelization, fibroblast proliferation, mono/polymorphonuclear cells, vascularization and collagen increase were qualitatively evaluated by the histopathological analysis. An acute anti-inflammatory activity method based on the inhibition of the increase in vascular permeability was used to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts and essential oils. Oils' yields and chemical profiles were also determined. Volatile oil, obtained from M. communis berries, provided a contraction rate of 60.08% in the circular excision wound model and a tensile strength ratio of 39.1% in the linear incision wound model. The n-hexane extract of M. communis berries was found to possess significant activity in the circular excision wound model with a ratio of 49.2%. However, it did not provide a significant increase in wound tensile strength. Berries' essential oils provided significant inhibition (28.5%). Particularly the essential oil of M. communis berries and its extracts can be used wound healing and anti-inflammatory purposes.

Tez, yazarı tarafından 06.03.2021 tarihine kadar erişime kısıtlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Bartın Bölgesinden Kasım, Şubat, Mayıs ve Ağustos olmak üzere dört farklı dönemde iki farklı ağaçtan toplanan ibre, kozalak ve kabuklarının kimyasal içeriği, antioksidan aktiviteleri ve antikolinesteraz aktiviteleri araştırılmış ve dönemsel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Her dönemde, toplanan ibre, kozalak ve kabuklarının aseton ve hekzan ekstreleri soksalet aparatı ile elde edilmiş, bununla birlikte ibre ve kozalakların ise hidrodistilasyon yoluyla uçucu yağları elde edilmiştir. Dört dönemde de elde edilen uçucu yağların bileşenleri GC-MS ile tespit edilmiştir. Yine dört dönemde de elde edilen ibre, kozalak ve kabuğun hekzan ekstrelerinin yağ ve reçine asitleri GC-MS ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı dönemlerde elde edilen ibre, kozalak ve kabuğun aseton ekstrelerinin fenolik bileşenleri HPLC ile belirlenmiştir. Her dönemde ayrı ayrı hem ekstrelerin hem de uçucu yağların DPPH serbest radikal süpürücü aktivitelerine, ABTS katyon radikal giderim aktivitelerine, bakır (II) indirgeme antioksidan aktivitelerine (CUPRAC), asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) inhibisyon aktivitelerine bakılmıştır. Ayrıca yine her dönemde aseton ve hekzan ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarları incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ibre ve kozalağın uçucu bileşenlerinin bileşen sayısı ve bilişenlerin oranı bakımından birbirinden farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Dönemsel olarak ise uçucu bileşenlerde çok yüksek bir fark olmasa da, hem ibre uçucu yağlarında hem de kozalak uçucu yağlarında ana bileşenlerin yüzde oranlarında değişmeler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde yağ ve reçine asidi oranlarının ve fenolik bileşen oranlarının farklı dönemlerde değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı sonuçlarına bakıldığında aseton ekstrelerindeki yüksek miktarlar dikkat çekmektedir. Genel olarak bakıldığında kozalak ve kabuğun aseton ekstrelerinin ibrenin aseton ekstrelerine göre toplam fenolik madde miktarları daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Yine dönemsel olarak incelendiğinde ise aynı ekstrenin farklı dönemlerindeki toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarları arasında önemli bir fark olduğu görülmüştür. Antioksidan ve antikolinesteraz aktivite sonuçlarında da aynı örneğin farklı dönemleri arasında yüksek sayılabilecek farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kozalak ve kabuğun aseton ekstelerinin oldukça yüksek antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği, antikolinesteraz aktivitelerde ise ibre ve kozalakların uçucu yağlarının oldukça yüksek aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu yüksek antioksidan ve antikolinesteraz aktivite sonuçları Bartın bölgesinde yetişen Sahil Çamı’nın tıp ve eczacılık alanında kullanılabileceği ve bu alanlardaki bilimsel araştırmalara konu olabileceğini göstermektedir. In this study, chemical compounds, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of needle, cones and bark of Maritime Pine which were collected from two different trees on four different seasons had been investigated. On each seasons, acetone and hexane extracts of this needle, cones and bark had been obtained by soxhlet apparatus. For all that, essential oils of needle and cones had been obtained by hydrodistillation method. Compounds of essential oils obtained on four seasons had been identified by GC-MS. Fatty and resin acids of hexane extracts of needles, cones and bark obtained on four seasons had been analyzed by GC-MS. Additionally, Phenolic compounds in acetone extracts of needles, cones and bark obtained on different seasons had been determined by HPLC. For all seasons, DPPH free radical scavenger activities, ABTS cation radical scavenger activities, cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities of both extracts and essential oils had been investigated. Also for all seasons, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of acetone and hexane extracts had been investigated. According to the results of the study, it is seen that the volatile components of the needles and cones were different from each other in terms of the number of constituents and the proportion of constituents. When the results in different seasons had been compared, it had been found that although there was not a very high difference in the volatile components, it changes in the percentage of the main constituents in both the volatile needle essential oils and the essential oils of the cones. Also, it had been determined that percentages of fatty and resin acids and phenolic compounds on different seasons were different from each other. On the other hand, the high total phenolic and flavonoid contents in acetone extracts were notable when the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents had been investigated. Overall, the total phenolic content in the acetone extracts of cones and bark was higher than needle acetone extracts. When the results in different season had been investigated, it had been seen that there was a significant difference between the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in different periods of the same extract. In Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity results, it had been also found to be highly significant differences between different seasons of the same sample. Additionally, it had been determined that the acetone extracts of cones and barks exhibited a high antioxidant activity and in the anticholinesterase activities essential oils of the needle and cones have a high activity. The results of high antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity results indicated that the Maritime Pine that grows in the Bartın region can be used for medicine and pharmacy and may be subject to scientific researches in these fields.

Bu çalışmada, Bartın ilinin Aliobası mevkiinde doğal olarak yetişen kocayemiş (Abutus unedo L.) ağaçlarından alınan meyve örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Kocayemiş meyvelerinin fenolik bileşenleri HPLC yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Toplam Fenolik Madde Miktarı tayini Folin-Ciocalteu Ayıracı (FCR) ile tespit edilmiştir. Kocayemiş (Arbutus unedo L.) meyvelerinin antioksidan özellikleri DPPH Serbest Radikali Giderim Aktivitesi Yöntemi uygulanarak belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen karbonhidratlar en yüksek oran sıralaması ile D-(-)-Fruktoz (%25.721), D-(+)-Glukoz (%16.409), Sükroz (%6.499) ve D-(+)-Galaktoz (%0.224) şeklinde olmuştur. Fenolik bileşenlerden vitamin C (%58.849), gallik asit (%3.484), kateşin (%2.511), siringaldehit (%1.367), kuersetin (%0.760), p-Hidroksibenzoik asit (%0.663), trans-Ferulik asit (%0.435), benzoik asit (%0.045) ve rosmarinik asit (%0,03) tespit edilmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde miktarı 274,372 m GAE/g olarak bulunmuştur. Antioksidan yüzde inhibisyon değerleri ise 250 µg/ml'de %27.134, 500 µg/ml'de %46.710 ve 1000 µg/ml'de 70.419 olarak tespit edilmiştir. In this study, Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit samples which naturally grown in Alioba district of Bartın province were used. The phenolic compounds of Arbutus unedo L. were determined by HPLC method. Total phenol content determination has been detected with Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR). Antioxidant properties of Arbutus unedo L. were determined by free radical scavenging activity. Respectively detected rates of carbohydrates; D-(-)-Fructose (25.721%), D-(+)-Glucose (16.409%), Sucrose (6.499%) and D-(+)-Galactose (0.224%). Vitamin C (58.849%), gallic acid (3.484%), katechin (2.511%), shiringaldehyde (1.367%), quercetin (0.760%), p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (0.663%), trans-Ferrulic acid (0.435%), benzoic acid (0.045%) and rosmarinic acid (0,03%) were determined as phenolic compounds. Total phenolic compound quantity was found 274,372 m GAE/g. Antioxidant inhibition percentages were found 27.134, 500% at 250 µg/ml, 46.710% at 500 µg/ml and 70.419 % at 1000 µg/ml. 74

Bu çalışmada, Bartın ilinin Serdar Köyü mevkiinde doğal olarak yetişen İzabella Üzümü (Vitis labrusca L.) meyveleri taze halde, dış ortamda kurutulmuş ve etüvde kurutulmuş olmak üzere 3 farklı örnek kullanılmıştır. İzabella Üzümü (Vitis labrusca L.) 'nün fenolik bileşenleri HPLC yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Toplam Fenolik Madde Miktarı tayini Folin-Ciocalteu Ayıracı (FCR) ile tespit edilmiştir. V. labrusca bitkisinin antioksidan özellikleri DPPH Serbest Radikali Giderim Aktivitesi Yöntemi uygulanarak belirlenmiştir. Dış ortamda kurutulan V. labrusca meyvesine ait fenolik bileşen analizi sonucunda p-hidroksibenzoik asit (1.133 mg/L), benzoik asit (0.571 mg/L), protokateşik asit (0.323 mg/L), gallik asit (1.343 mg/L), rosmarinik asit (1.065 mg/L), siringaldehit (0.272 mg/L), trans-Ferulik asit (1.222 mg/L) ve vitamin C (15.191 mg/L) fenolik bileşenler tespit edilmiştir. Etüvde kurutulan V. labrusca meyvesine ait fenolik bileşen analizi sonucunda p-Hidroksibenzoik asit (1.161 mg/L), benzoik asit (0.353 mg/L), protokateşik asit (0.231 mg/L), gallik asit (1.102 mg/L), rosmarinik asit (1.062 mg/L), siringaldehit (0.253 mg/L), trans-Ferulik asit (1.382 mg/L), kateşin (1.532 mg/L) ve vitamin C (15.160 mg/L) fenolik bileşenler tespit edilmiştir. Taze haldeki V. labrusca meyvesine ait fenolik bileşen analizi sonucunda p-Hidroksibenzoik asit (0.006 mg/L), benzoik asit (0.329 mg/L), protokateşik asit (0.239 mg/L), gallik asit (1.002 mg/L), rosmarinik asit (1.054 mg/L), siringaldehit (0.250 mg/L), trans-Ferulik asit (1.243 mg/L) ve vitamin C (11.205 mg/L) olarak tespit edilmiştir. V. labrusca ekstresinde yapılan analizler sonucunda en yüksek resveratrol miktarı taze halde (1.625 mg/L), en düşük resveratrol miktarı etüvde kurutulan örneklerde (0.289 mg/L) tespit edilmiştir. Gallik asit eşdeğer alınarak Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışmada toplam fenolik madde miktarı en yüksek 62.686 ± 8.26 mg GAE/g olarak etüvde kurutulan meyvelerde, en düşük 34.781 ± 0.73 mg GAE/g olarak taze haldeki meyvelerde tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan yüzde inhibisyon değerleri; Dış ortamda kurutulan örneklere ait 50 µg/ml'de %40.98, 100 µg/ml'de % 47.52, 250 µg/ml'de %49.41, 500 µg/ml'de % 50.58 ve 1000 µg/ml'de % 51.74 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Etüvde kurutulan örneklere ait 50 µg/ml'de % 45.05, 100 µg/ml'de % 53.48, 250 µg/ml'de %55.23, 500 µg/ml'de %56.10 ve 1000 µg/ml'de % 56.83 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Taze haldeki örneklere ait 50 µg/ml'de %51.30, 100 µg/ml'de % 57.84, 250 µg/ml'de %60.17, 500 µg/ml'de %61.48 ve 1000 µg/ml'de % 62.93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada sonuç olarak; İzabella Üzümü (Vitis labrusca L.)'nün fenolik bileşenleri ve antioksidan özellikleri belirlenmiş olup, sağlık alanında (tıp, eczacılık vb.) kullanımının artırılması hedeflenmiştir. V. labrusca Türkiye ekonomisine katkı sağlama potansiyeli olan ve ticari yetiştiriciliği yapılması gereken bir türdür. In this study, three different samples, fresh, oven dried and air dried Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca L.) growing naturally in Serdar village of Bartin province were used. The phenolic compounds of Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca L.) were determined using HPLC method. Total phenol content determination has been identified with Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR). Antioxidant properties of V. labrusca were determined through free radical scavenging Removal Activity. As a result of phenolic compound analysis of air dried Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca L.) fruit samples, p-hdroxybenzoic acid (1.133 mg/L), benzoic acid (0.571 mg/L), protocatechuic acid (0.323 mg/L), Gallic acid (1.343 mg/L), rosmarinic acid (1.065 mg/L), siring aldehyde (0.272 mg/L), trans-Ferulic acid (1.222 mg/L) and vitamin C (15.191 mg/L) phenolic compounds were found. And as a result of phenolic compound analysis of oven dried Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca L.) fruit sample,p- hdroxybenzoic acid (1.161 mg/L), benzoic acid (0.353 mg/L), protocatechuic acid (0.231 mg/L), gallic acid (1.102 mg/L), rosmarinic acid (1.062 mg/L), siring aldehyde (0.253 mg/L), trans-Ferulic acid (1.382 mg/L), catechin (1.532 mg/L) and vitamin C (15.160 mg/L) phenolic compounds were identified. And as a result of phenolic compound analysis of fresh Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca L.) fruit samples,p- hdroxybenzoic acid (0.006 mg/L), benzoic acid (0.329 mg/L), protocatechuic acid (0.239 mg/L), gallic acid (1.002 mg/L), rosmarinic acid (1.054 mg/L), siring aldehyde (0.250 mg/L), trans-Ferulic acid (1.243 mg/L) and vitamin C (11.205 mg/L) phenolic compounds were found. As a result of analyses in V. labrusca extract, highest amount of resveratrol was found in fresh samples (1.625 mg/L), whilst the lowest amounts of resveratrol was found in oven dried V. labrusca samples (0.289 mg/L). The highest amount of total phenolic compound was found in oven dired fruit samples (62.686 ± 8.26 mg GAE/g) , while the lowest amount of total phenolic compounds was found in fresh fruit samples (34.781 ± 0.73 mg GAE/g)in this study which was carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu method (gallic acid equivalent). Antioxidant % inhibition amounts of air dry grape samples in 50 µg/ml-%40.98, in 100 µg/ml-% 47.52, in 250 µg/ml-%49.41, in 500 µg/ml-% 50.58 and in 1000 µg/ml-% 51.74 were determined. Oven dry grape samples antioxidant % inhibition amounts in 50 µg/ml-% 45.05, in 100 µg/ml-% 53.48, in 250 µg/ml-%55.23, in 500 µg/ml-%56.10 and in 1000 µg/ml-% 56.83 were determined. Antioxidant % inhibition amounts were found as 40.98% in 50 µg/ml in air dried samples; 47.52% in 100 µg/ml, and 49.41% in 250 µg/ml, 50.58% in 500 µg/ml and % 51.74% in 1000 µg/ml. And the same amounts for oven dried samples were % 45.05 in 50 µg/ml, 53.48% in 100 µg/ml, 55.23% in 250 µg/ml, 56.10% in 500 µg/ml and 56.83% in 1000 µg/ml; while it was 51.30% in 50 µg/ml, % 57.84 in 100 µg/ml, %60.17 in 250 µg/ml, %61.48 in 500 µg/ml and % 62.93 in 1000 µg/ml in fresh fruit samples. As a result, phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca L.) were determined in the current study and the aim of doing that to increase the use of the fruit in health (medicine, pharmacy, etc.). V. labrusca is a fruit which has a potential to contribute to Turkey's economy and is a plant that needs to be grown as a commercial product. 84