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Background Social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study evaluated whether isolation and loneliness are related to inadequate intake of micronutrients in the diet. Methods We tested associations between social isolation and loneliness and dietary micronutrient intake 2 years later in 3713 men and women (mean age 68.26, standard deviation 7.81 years) who completed two online 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of isolation and loneliness with intake of nine minerals and vitamins that fell below national recommendations were tested using logistic regressions, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking and physical activity and total energy intake. Results The prevalence of low dietary intake varied markedly across micronutrients. Social isolation (1-point increase in a score ranging 0–5) was associated with increased odds (adjusted for covariates) of low intake of magnesium [odds ratio (OR) 1.153, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.037–1.282, P  = .009], potassium (OR 1.201, 95% CI 1.087–1.327, P  < .001), vitamin B6 (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.110–1.438, P  < .001), folate (OR 1.211, 95% CI 1.093–1.341, P  < .001) and vitamin C (OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.098–1.394, P  < .001). These associations remained unchanged when food insecurity and impaired activities of daily living were taken into account. By contrast, loneliness was not related to the inadequate intake of any micronutrient. Conclusions Low intake of micronutrients increases risk of age-related health problems. Attention to the dietary quality of older people with limited social contacts and little involvement in community activities might enhance health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial element for cardiovascular system and its deficiency results in a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of oral Mg supplementation on the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles (VES) in children. Magnesium supplementation was given to 42 children who had VES without structural heart disease. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and Holter monitoring studies were reviewed. The mean baseline 24 h VES burden on Holter monitoring was 10.26% ± 4.13% and it was decreased to 6.62% ± 3.88% after. There was no significant difference between the pre-treatment serum Mg levels and the decrease in the frequency of VES. In conclusion, oral Mg therapy was found to be effective at suppressing VES in children regardless of serum Mg levels. Large and randomized studies are needed to demonstrate the effect of magnesium on VES suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal Disease (PD) associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition that affects the oral cavity of people living with T2DM. The mechanisms of the interaction between type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal diseases are complex and involve multiple pathophysiological pathways related to the systemic inflammatory process and oxidative stress. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSTP) is considered the standard for the management of this disease; however, patients with systemic conditions such as type 2 Diabetes Mellitus do not seem to respond adequately. For this reason, the use of complementary treatments has been suggested to support non-surgical periodontal treatment to reduce the clinical consequences of the disease and improve the systemic conditions of the patient. The use of zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment and its effects on periodontal clinical features and oxidative stress in patients with Periodontal diseases -type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is poorly understood. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed in patients with periodontal diseases associated with T2DM. Initially, 45 subjects who met the selection criteria were included. 19 were assigned to a control group [non-surgical periodontal treatment] and 20 to the experimental group (non-surgical periodontal treatment + 500 mg of magnesium oxide and 50 mg of zinc gluconate for oral supplementation for 30 days) and the data of 6 patients were eliminated. Sociodemographic characteristics, physiological factors, biochemical parameters, and clinical features of periodontal diseases were assessed. Results: In this research a change in periodontal clinical characteristics was observed, which has been associated with disease remission. Additionally, a shift in MDA levels was presented for both groups. Furthermore, the supplementation group showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes when compared to the group that only received NSPT. Conclusion: The use of Zinc gluconate and magnesium oxide can serve as a complementary treatment to non-surgical periodontal treatment, that supports the remission of PD as a result of regulation-reduction of oxidative biomarkers and increase in antioxidant enzymes activity. Trial Registration: https://www.isrctn.com ISRCTN 14,092,381. September 13º 2023. Retrospective Registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal bone growth is mediated through several mechanisms including macro- and micronutrients, and endocrine and paracrine hormones. These mechanisms can be affected by childhood obesity as excess adiposity may affect signaling pathways, place undue stress on the body, and affect normal physiology. This review describes the physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation under healthy weight and obesity parameters, and bone pathology following obesity. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, PMC, NIH, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pertinent to hormonal and nutritional effects on bone development, child obesity, and pathologic bone development related to weight. The review indicates a complex network of nutrients, hormones, and multi-system interactions mediates long bone growth. As growth of long bones occurs during childhood and the pubertal growth spurt, pediatric bones require adequate levels of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and a base caloric supply for energy. Recommendations should focus on a nutrient-dense dietary approach rather than restrictive caloric diets to maintain optimal health. In conclusion, childhood obesity has profound multifaceted effects on the developing musculoskeletal system, ultimately causing poor nutritional status during development. Weight loss, under medical supervision, with proper nutritional guidelines, can help counteract the ill effects of childhood obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-operative sore throat (POST) has an incidence ranging from 21 to 80%. To prevent the development of POST, several pharmacological measures have been tried. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of preoperative zinc, magnesium and budesonide gargles in reducing the incidence and severity of POST in patients who underwent endotracheal intubation for elective surgeries. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled equivalence trial in 180 patients admitted for elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomised into three groups; group Z received 40 mg Zinc, group M received 250 mg Magnesium Sulphate and group B received 200 µg Budesonide in the form of 30 ml tasteless and colourless gargle solutions. Sore throat assessment and haemodynamic recording was done postoperatively at immediate recovery (0 h) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h post-operatively. POST was graded on a four-point scale (0–3). Results: POST score was comparable at all recorded time points i.e. 0,2,4,6,8,12 and 24 h. Maximum incidence was seen at 8 h in group B (33.3%) and the minimum incidence was at 24 h in group Z (10%) (p > 0.05). It was found that the incidence of POST was more in the surgeries lasting longer than 2 h in all groups. This difference was found to be statistically significant in Groups M and B. The incidence of POST was found to be comparable between laparoscopic and open procedures. Conclusion: Magnesium, zinc and budesonide have an equivocal effect in the prevention of POST at different time points. The incidence of sore throat increases significantly in surgeries lasting more than two hours if magnesium or budesonide have been used as premedicant. Duration of surgery is an independent predictor for POST. Trial registration: CTRI/2021/05/033741 Date-24/05/2021(Clinical Trial Registry of India). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The increasing consumption of dietary supplements (DS) can be observed all over the world. DSs are classified as food and not medicine, which consumers are not always aware of. Currently, a very wide range of dietary supplements for pregnant women is available. This is due to the fact that during this period, the demand for selected nutrients and vitamins increases. Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the use of DS during pregnancy and to indicate the most frequently consumed ingredient during this period. Folic acid supplementation has also been reviewed. Material and methods. The subject of the study was a self-designed questionnaire consisting of 30 questions. The survey was conducted on 280 pregnant women living in Poland, aged 20–39. Results. Most of the surveyed women correctly defined DS. Over 90% of the surveyed women declared DS consumption during pregnancy. The decision to use DS was made in accordance with medical indications in the case of half of the subjects. Multi-ingredient products were used most often (81%). Conclusions. Most of the surveyed women took folic acid and DHA, followed by iron, iodine, magnesium and calcium. More than half of the women felt the positive effects of dietary supplements, while only a smaller percentage of the respondents declared negative effects. Consumption of DS by the surveyed women was similar to consumption in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Hypomagnesemia is a common side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy and predicts poor overall survival in some cancers. Standard magnesium replacement strategies are often inadequate for maintaining magnesium levels. We hypothesized that a daily dietary magnesium replacement approach through magnesium-rich foods would help maintain adequate magnesium levels during platinum-based treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective feasibility study of magnesium-rich diets in patients 18 years and older with previously untreated ovarian cancer scheduled to receive carboplatin-containing chemotherapy of at least six consecutive cycles. Education about magnesium-rich diets was provided at enrollment and then weekly during chemotherapy. Feasibility was defined as ≥60% completion of dietary recalls and ≥280 mg average daily dietary magnesium intake across all patients. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 26 patients enrolled completed at least five chemotherapy cycles and were included in the analysis. Adherence to the study diet was 76%. Daily dietary magnesium intake was 100.5 mg at baseline and increased throughout each cycle: 6% of patients at baseline, 24% after the first cycle, and 67% after the fifth cycle reached ≥280-mg/day magnesium intake. Seven (33%) of 21 had at least one incident of hypomagnesemia. Patients who were adherent had significantly lower incidence of hypomagnesemia (19% v 80%, P =.03) and less need for intravenous magnesium (6% v 60%, P =.03) than those who were nonadherent. CONCLUSION: The study achieved primary feasibility objectives of retention and adherence to the study intervention. Weekly education about magnesium-rich diets was effective in increasing dietary magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium appeared to be protective against hypomagnesemia. The study exemplifies a feasible dietary strategy to prevent platinum-induced hypomagnesemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of supplements among cancer patients to manage symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and nausea, emphasizing the importance of understanding their risks and evidence of effectiveness. Topics discussed include general precautions for supplement use during chemotherapy, specific supplements like ginseng and turmeric, and the need for careful monitoring and consultation with healthcare professionals.

Background: Laparoscopic radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a high incidence of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Studies on the benefits of magnesium sulfate intravenous infusion during the perioperative period post-laparoscopic surgery are yet lacking. Methods: A total of 88 gastrointestinal cancer male patients scheduled for laparoscopic radical resection were randomly divided into two groups: normal saline (control) and magnesium. In the magnesium group, a 40 mg/kg loading dose of intravenous magnesium sulfate was administered for 10 min just after the induction of anesthesia, followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg/h magnesium sulfate until the end of the surgery; the control group was administered the same dose of normal saline. Subsequently, 2 μg/kg sufentanil was continuously infused intravenously by a postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) device. The primary outcome was the incidence of CRBD at 0 h after the surgery. The secondary outcomes included incidence of CRBD at 1, 2, and 6 h postsurgery, the severity of CRBD at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h postsurgery. Remifentanil requirement during surgery, sufentanil requirement within 24 h postsurgery, the postoperative numerical rating scale (NRS) score at 48 h after the surgery, magnesium-related side effects and rescue medication (morphine) requirement were also assessed. Results: The incidence of CRBD at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h postoperatively was lower in the magnesium group than the control group (0 h: P = 0.01; 1 h: P = 0.003; 2 h: P = 0.001; 6 h: P = 0.006). The incidence of moderate to severe CRBD was higher in the control group at postoperative 0 and 1 h (0 h: P = 0.002; 1 h: P = 0.028), remifentanil requirement during surgery were significantly lower in the magnesium group than the control group. Sufentanil requirements during the 24 h postoperative period were significantly lower in the magnesium group than the control group. The NRS score was reduced in the magnesium group compared to the control group in the early postoperative period. Magnesium-related side effects and rescue medication (morphine) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: Intravenous magnesium sulfate administration reduces the incidence and severity of CRBD and remifentanil requirement in male patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer. Also, no significant side effects were observed. Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2100053073. The study was registered on 10/11/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may be multifactorial in origin, resulting from uremia, hyperkalemia, and diabetes. Previous studies have suggested that magnesium plays a crucial role in chronic pain. Studies evaluating magnesium in neuropathy have demonstrated mixed results. Aims: To provide preliminary data on the effectiveness of transdermal magnesium in treating peripheral neuropathy related to CKD. Methods: Twenty participants with advanced CKD were enrolled from a major teaching hospital clinic in Sydney, Australia. Each participant was provided with a spray bottle containing magnesium chloride and instructed to apply five sprays to each limb affected by neuropathy daily for 12 weeks. Participants completed the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 (NTSS-6) every 4 weeks during follow-up. Serum magnesium concentrations were measured at 4-week intervals. Results: Twenty participants were recruited, of which 14 completed the 12-week follow-up period. Mean age was 78.90 years, 80.00% were female and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 9.78 mL/min/1.73 m2. With intention to treat analysis (mean [95% confidence interval]), NTSS-6 was significantly reduced at weeks 8 (4.04 [2.43–5.65]) and 12 (4.26 [2.47–6.05]), compared with baseline (6.92 [5.29–8.55]), p < 0.05. Serum magnesium concentration did not change significantly during the study. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that transdermal magnesium may be beneficial in reducing frequency and severity of peripheral neuropathic symptoms in patients with advanced CKD. Trial Registration: australianclinicaltrials.gov.au. Identifier: ACTRN12621000841875. Date first registered January 7, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of acute levalbuterol toxicity in an 8-year-old child due to excessive use of a metered dose inhaler (MDI), highlighting the importance of recognizing and managing β2 agonist overdose. Topics include distinguishing features of levalbuterol toxicity, its rarity compared to racemic albuterol toxicity, and the need for patient education on appropriate inhaler use to prevent overdose.

Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare sleeping disorder that is difficult to diagnose, and little is known about its pathophysiology. A defining symptom of IH is excessive daytime sleepiness, which can manifest as narcolepsy-like episodes or as continuous sleepiness. Other symptoms of IH includes sleep inertia and cognitive impairment. Currently, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybates is the only FDA approved pharmacological treatment option in the management of IH. Off-label treatment options are recommended by guidelines, with many also being used for the management of narcolepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypomagnesemia is common for surgical patients and often requires intravenous (IV) magnesium replacement. Due to the renal handling mechanism of magnesium, prolonging the duration of an IV magnesium infusion has been postulated to improve magnesium retention by reducing the renal excretion of magnesium. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. Objective: To determine the change in serum magnesium level after IV magnesium replacement from baseline compared between prolonged (infusion rate < 0.5 g/h) and short infusions (infusion rate < 0.5 g/h) in hospitalized surgical patients. Methods: Medical records of surgical patients with hypomagnesemia who received IV magnesium replacement for three consecutive days and admitted to a university hospital between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed. Patients were separated by the replacement rate into two cohorts: prolonged infusion and short infusion. The primary outcome was a change in serum magnesium per gram administered from the baseline. The secondary outcome was the percentage of patients who achieved an optimal serum magnesium level after IV magnesium replacement. Results: 114 participants were enrolled in the study. The short infusion cohort showed a significantly greater increase in serum magnesium change per gram administered from baseline (0.07 mg/dL/g) compared to the prolonged infusion cohort (0.05 mg/dL/g) (p = 0.04). The difference of serum magnesium level between the two cohorts was 0.013 mg/dL/g of Mg. The percentage of patients who achieved the optimal serum magnesium level after IV magnesium replacement was not different between the two cohorts (prolonged infusion 66.7% vs. short infusion 70.2%; p = 0.84). The change in serum magnesium levels was influenced by renal function and the timing of serum magnesium level measurement after IV magnesium replacement. Conclusion: In hospitalized surgical patients, prolonging the IV magnesium infusion rate to less than 0.5 g/h did not provide additional benefits to increase serum magnesium levels compared to a short infusion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetany is a condition in which serum electrolyte disturbances lead to increased neuronal excitability. We describe a case of life-threatening tetany in a 2.5-year-old boy with Dent's disease linked with the CLCN5 gene. Dent's disease is a renal tubular disorder characterized by a proximal tubule defect resulting in low-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, phosphaturia, impaired urinary acidification, nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure. In the presented patient, multiple electrolyte derangements in the form of hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia, determined by Dent's disease, led to the development of diffuse muscle spasm and rhabdomyolysis, which ended with acute hyperthermia and seizures. Although, due to acuity of symptoms sepsis was suspected, the child showed dramatic improvement after the aggressive electrolyte repletion. We emphasize the need for considering tetany in patients with unstable vital signs, muscle cramping and medical conditions underlying electrolyte disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prematurity is the leading cause of early neonatal death and child morbidity. Numerous attempts to prevent premature births have not led to a significant decrease in their rate in the world, therefore it is important to organize the medical care for premature babies during childbirth and in the first minutes of life. Kyiv Perinatal Center has many years of experience in providing care to premature newborns, which is implemented in cooperation with obstetrician-gynecologists and neonatologists. The objective: to assess the dynamics of neonatal indicators in the Kyiv Perinatal Center for 2012–2022. Materials and methods. The dynamics of neonatal indicators (early neonatal mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), leukomalacia) were assessed quarterly in newborns with a gestational age of 22–34 weeks for 2012–2022 using the linear regression method. The impact of implemented technologies – intranatal magnesium therapy in 2014 and the method of stabilizing a newborn on a pulsating umbilical cord in 2016 on the indicated indicators was also studied. Therefore, 3 time periods were formed – 2012–2013, 2014–2015, and 2016–2022 years. For quantitative indicators, the median and interquartile range were calculated. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for comparison. Aposteriori comparisons were made according to Dunn’s test. Results. During 10 years of work at the Perinatal Center, a decreased rate of early neonatal mortality among premature newborns was determined from 12.7±2.5% to 1.7±0.9% (р<0.05), while the rate of the second period was significantly different from the first one, and the second period – from the third one, that is, it was influenced by the wide implementation of both intranatal magnesium therapy and stabilization on an intact umbilical cord. A tendency towards a decrease in the frequency of IVH was established during the second period – from 12.0±3.1% to 5.6±1.5%, during the third one – to 2.0±1.3% (p<0.05), i.e. both interventions had a positive effect on this indicator. A similar pattern was found for NEC and leukomalacia, the frequency of which decreased from 9.3±1.7% to 2.0±0.9% (p<0.05) and from 3.6±1.3% to 0.1±0.2% (p<0.05), respectively. Instead, a decrease in the frequency of BPD and the need for invasive ventilation was found only for the third time interval – from 4.0±0.9% to 1.1±0.7% (p<0.05) and 13.8±2.8% to 6.5±2.0% (p<0.05), respectively. To prevent these complications, the technique of stabilizing the newborn on an intact umbilical cord is effective. Conclusions. In the process of activity of the Kyiv Perinatal Center, a statistically significant decrease in the rate of early neonatal mortality in premature births was found (from 12.7±2.5% in 2012 to 1.7±0.9% in 2022), as well as the frequency of the main complications of prematurity – intraventricular hemorrhages, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchoalveolar dysplasia, leukomalacia. A decrease in the frequency of invasive pulmonary ventilation of premature newborns was also determined. According to the linear regression method, a significant effect of the widespread introduction of magnesium therapy on the rate of early neonatal mortality, the frequency of intraventricular hemorrhages, necrotizing enterocolitis, and leukomalacia was demonstrated, as well as the significant importance of the widespread implementation of the technology of stabilizing the newborn on an intact umbilical cord on the indicator of early neonatal mortality, the frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis, leukomalacia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding disorder characterized by persistent difficulty eating, such as limited choices of preferred foods, avoidance or restriction of certain foods or food groups, and negative emotions related to eating or meals. Although ARFID mainly affects children, it can also occur in adolescents and adults. ARFID can have serious physical and mental health consequences, including stunted growth, nutritional deficiencies, anxiety, and other psychiatric comorbidities. Despite its increasing importance, ARFID is relatively underrecognized and undertreated in clinical practice. Treatment consists of a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric gastroenterologists, nutritionists, neuropsychiatrists, and psychologists. However, there are several gaps in the therapeutic approach for this condition, mainly due to the lack of interventional trials and the methodological variability of existing studies. Few studies have explored the nutritional management of ARFID, and no standardized guidelines exist to date. We performed a systematic literature review to describe the different nutritional interventions for children and adolescents diagnosed with ARFID and to assess their efficacy and tolerability. We identified seven retrospective cohort studies where patients with various eating and feeding disorders, including ARFID, underwent nutritional rehabilitation in hospital settings. In all studies, similar outcomes emerged in terms of efficacy and tolerability. According to our findings, the oral route should be the preferred way to start the refeeding protocol, and the enteral route should be generally considered a last resort for non-compliant patients or in cases of clinical instability. The initial caloric intake may be adapted to the initial nutritional status, but more aggressive refeeding regimens appear to be well tolerated and not associated with an increased risk of clinical refeeding syndrome (RS). In severely malnourished patients, however, phosphorus or magnesium supplementation may be considered to prevent the risk of electrolyte imbalance, or RS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the association between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs) in middle to early old age. Methods: Participants (aged 40–73 years) from UK Biobank (n = 6001) were included and stratified by sex. Dietary Mg was measured using an online computerised 24 h recall questionnaire to estimate daily Mg intake. Latent class analysis and hierarchical linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between baseline dietary Mg, Mg trajectories, and brain volumes and WMLs. Associations between baseline Mg, and baseline blood pressure (BP) measures, and baseline Mg, Mg trajectories and BP changes (between baseline and wave 2) were also investigated to assess whether BP mediates the link between Mg intake and brain health. All analyses controlled for health and socio-demographic covariates. Possible interactions between menopausal status and Mg trajectories in predicting brain volumes and WMLs were also investigated. Results: On average, higher baseline dietary Mg intake was associated with larger brain volumes (gray matter [GM]: 0.001% [SE = 0.0003]; left hippocampus [LHC]: 0.0013% [SE = 0.0006]; and right hippocampus [RHC]: 0.0023% [SE = 0.0006]) in both men and women. Latent class analysis of Mg intake revealed three classes: "high-decreasing" (men = 3.2%, women = 1.9%), "low-increasing" (men = 1.09%, women = 1.62%), and "stable normal" (men = 95.71%, women = 96.51%). In women, only the "high-decreasing" trajectory was significantly associated with larger brain volumes (GM: 1.17%, [SE = 0.58]; and RHC: 2.79% [SE = 1.11]) compared to the "normal-stable", the "low-increasing" trajectory was associated with smaller brain volumes (GM: − 1.67%, [SE = 0.30]; white matter [WM]: − 0.85% [SE = 0.42]; LHC: − 2.43% [SE = 0.59]; and RHC: − 1.50% [SE = 0.57]) and larger WMLs (1.6% [SE = 0.53]). Associations between Mg and BP measures were mostly non-significant. Furthermore, the observed neuroprotective effect of higher dietary Mg intake in the "high-decreasing" trajectory appears to be greater in post-menopausal than pre-menopausal women. Conclusions: Higher dietary Mg intake is related to better brain health in the general population, and particularly in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to reevaluate the role of minerals on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. Systematic review. In March 2022, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences using predefined search terms. Original studies on dietary mineral intake or mineral serum blood concentrations on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance or the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults (average age ≥65 years) were included. Eligibility screening and data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Quality assessment was performed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool. From the 15,622 identified articles, a total of 45 studies were included in the review, mainly being cross-sectional and observational studies. Moderate quality of evidence showed that selenium (n = 8) and magnesium (n = 7) were significantly associated with muscle mass, strength, and physical performance as well as the prevalence of sarcopenia. For calcium and zinc, no association could be found. For potassium, iron, sodium, and phosphorus, the association with sarcopenic outcomes remains unclear as not enough studies could be included or were nonconclusive (low quality of evidence). This systematic review shows a potential role for selenium and magnesium on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in older adults. More randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine the impact of minerals on sarcopenia in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two arginine-based supplements on the fatigue level of patients following the COVID-19 infection. This is a prospective study of the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients divided into two groups (according to family physicians' prescriptions, Group 1 of patients were treated with Astenor Energy® containing arginine aspartate, B6 vitamin, biotin and magnesium, and Group 2 of patients were treated with Astenor Forte® containing L-arginine and malic acid). The patients visited their family physicians from October 2021 to January 2022, complaining of physical and/or mental fatigue following the COVID-19 infection. We recorded 505 patients (146 patients in Group 1 and 359 patients in Group 2) and analyzed the fatigue level using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) through its total (FAS-T), mental (FAS-M) and physical (FAS-P) scores, at baseline and after three months of treatment. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of age (p = 0.265), but more men were included in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p = 0.001). The patients from Group 2 were significantly more likely to be treated at home than those included in Group 1 (89.7% vs. 65.1%, p < 0.0001) because of the lower severity of the COVID-19 infection (asymptomatic or mild: 82.5% vs. 48.7%, p < 0.0001). After 3 months of treatment, patients indicated no fatigue in the higher percentage compared to than at the baseline (68.7% vs. 27.7%), and the fatigue level significantly decreased both in Group 1 (median baseline 33.0 vs. follow-up 17.00, p < 0.0001) and Group 2 (median baseline 25.0 vs. follow-up 17.00, p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that supplements with L-arginine may be proposed as a remedy to restore physical and mental performance affected by the fatigue burden in people with COVID-19 or following the COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relief from clinical symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection caused by Lactobacillus acidophilus treatment was analyzed by a 13C-urea breath test. To this end, 200 patients diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection were divided into two equal groups of 100 patients, designated as the control and study groups, respectively. The control group received conventional quadruple therapy that included enteric-coated esomeprazole magnesium tablets, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and colloidal pectin bismuth for 2 weeks. The study group, in addition to the conventional quadruple therapy, received Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets orally for 2 weeks. The Helicobacter pylori eradication rate (P < 0.05) and total effective rate (P < 0.05) of the study group were higher than the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions including acid reflux, upper abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, and vomiting in the study group was lower (P < 0.05) than the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the levels of tumor nuclear factor-a, high sensitivity C-reaction protein, and interlukin-6 between two groups before treatment. However, the level of these indicators in the study group after treatment was lower than that in the control group. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, or CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups before treatment. However, the level of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment was significantly higher, while CD8+ was significantly lower in the study group. In conclusion, Lactobacillus acidophilus treatment exhibits a high eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori with good safety and relief from Helicobacter pylori-associated clinical symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intravenous magnesium (IV Mg), a commonly utilized therapeutic agent in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response, is thought to exert its influence via its effect on cellular automaticity and prolongation of atrial and atrioventricular nodal refractoriness thus reducing ventricular rate. We sought to undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of IV Mg versus placebo in addition to standard pharmacotherapy in the rate and rhythm control of AF in the nonpostoperative patient cohort given that randomized control trials (RCTs) have shown conflicting results. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing IV Mg versus placebo in addition to standard of care were identified via electronic database searches. Nine RCTs were returned with a total of 1048 patients. Primary efficacy endpoints were study‐defined rate control and rhythm control/reversion to sinus rhythm. The secondary endpoint was patient experienced side effects. Results: Our analysis found IV Mg in addition to standard care was successful in achieving rate control (odd ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13−3.11, p =.02) and rhythm control (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04−2.03, p =.03). Although not well reported among studies, there was no significant difference between groups regarding the likelihood of experiencing side effects. Conclusions: IV Mg, in addition to standard‐of‐care pharmacotherapy, increases the rates of successful rate and rhythm control in nonpostoperative patients with AF with rapid ventricular response and is well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening condition experienced in alcohol use disorder. Since hypomagnesemia is involved in AWS's severity, we conducted a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation as an adjuvant therapy of AWS. Material and Methods Inpatients were recruited in six different centers if they had a baseline score higher than eight on the Revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar). The experimental treatment was magnesium lactate dehydrate, administrated three times per day providing a total of 426.6 mg per day and up to 15 days. The primary endpoint was the significant between-group difference of the CIWA-Ar total score change from baseline to 3 days later. The treatment group and baseline score were introduced as covariables in an analysis of covariance. Results A total of 98 inpatients were included {71.4% of men; mean age of 49.1 years [standard deviation (SD): 10.3]}. In the intention-to-treat population, the mean reduction of the CIWA-Ar score in the experimental group between baseline and 3 days later was 10.1 (SD: 5.2), whereas it was 9.2 (SD: 3.9) in the control group. The absolute difference of the adjusted mean in the experimental group compared with the control group was −0.69 (SD: 0.72), which did not correspond to a significant between-group difference (P  = 0.34). Per-protocol analysis and sensitivity analyses also supported this result. Supplementary analyses found no significant difference regarding benzodiazepine consumption, magnesium blood concentration, and satisfaction to care. Conclusions The present study does not support the rationale of systematic oral magnesium supplementation in patients with AWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchiolitis and status asthmaticus are common diagnoses encountered in the pediatric intensive care unit setting with overlapping clinical manifestations that can create perplexity in treatment following hospital admission. While there are clear first-line therapies for each of these medical conditions, the use of adjunct therapies has been inconsistent and more dependent on provider preference at times. In this review, a brief introduction to the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis allows for a review of proposed therapies to highlight the distinctions between these two entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, osteoporosis (OP) is “a systemic disease which is characterized by low bone mass per unit volume and disruption of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, which leads to increased bone fragility and, as a result, to an increased risk fracture”. The high and steadily growing prevalence of osteoporosis in the world is a reason to call this disease a silent epidemic of the 21st century, which requires significant material resources. Today, among non-infectious diseases, after the cardiovascular system pathology, oncological pathology and diabetes, OP ranks the fourth place. The importance of the OP problem for both medicine and the social and economic sphere of society is steadily growing. OP is a huge complex interdisciplinary problem, in the solution of which affordable, low-cost and effective tools should be taking into account. Insufficient and unbalanced nutrition is one of the very important factors in the development of osteopenia and OP; it has been proven that low supply of vitamin D, nutritional deficiency of microelements (Ca, K, Mg) and low physical activity are the influential factors. Effective prevention and treatment of OP is a complex process, the implementation of which requires a comprehensive approach. The first step for normalizing bone metabolism is the rational physical activity and a balanced diet, and if it is impossible to optimize the diet, it is optimal to use vitamin D, vitamin K2, dietary supplements with magnesium, and drugs containing phytoalexin, which have been proven to have a positive effect on bone metabolism. The doctor has the opportunity to use them individually and effectively in the comprehensive prevention and therapy of OP for the improvement of the patient’s quality of life [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variant angina results from coronary vasospasm and is often treated with calcium channel blockers. However, when traditional medical therapies are not tolerated, integrative modalities can be considered. We describe a 57-year-old woman with variant angina, which was confirmed on left heart catheterization with intracoronary nitroglycerin, who could not tolerate diltiazem due to hypotension. Because the patient wanted an integrative approach to her care, she was started on therapies consisting of L-arginine, magnesium, yoga, biofeedback, meditation, acupuncture, optimized sleep hygiene, and moderate intensity exercise. She reported fewer episodes of variant angina at her three-month follow-up visit. This case demonstrates the potential role of integrative therapies in the management of variant angina. Further research is needed to investigate their utility in the management of variant angina and other chest pain syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders. There are contradicting data about the effectiveness of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating the symptoms of this condition. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating the symptoms of RLS/WED. Methods: A single-blind study was conducted on individuals with this illness for at least three months. Randomly, 75 patients were assigned into three groups: magnesium, vitamin B6, and placebo. The experimental group received daily doses of 40 mg vitamin B6 or 250 mg magnesium oxide. While others in the control group merely received a placebo. Patients' disease severity and sleep quality were evaluated three times using standard questionnaires (at the beginning of the study, one and two months after therapy). Utilizing SPSS22 software and the ANOVA, t-test, and repeated measure tests, statistical analysis was conducted. Results: The mean and standard deviation of sleep quality and disease severity at the beginning of the trial and throughout the first month following the intervention did not differ statistically between the three groups. In the second month following the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of sleep quality and disease severity were significantly different (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Taking magnesium and vitamin B6 supplements can reduce the severity of symptoms of RLS/WED patients and improve their sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATP is a crucial molecule for every energy‐dependent process in cells. In ischemic tissues, ATP production declines, and it finally results in cell death. One of the most common strategies in burn wound management is saving the zone of ischemia. In the current study, Mg‐ATP‐containing nanoliposomes were formulated and studied in vitro and in vivo. The particle size of the vesicles was between 50 and 100 nm and the mean zeta potential was −4.05 ± 0.52 mV as evaluated by dynamic light scattering and Zeta sizer instrument, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of ATP in the nanoliposomes was found to be 9.3%. The morphology and size of nanoliposomes were further studied by transmission electron microscopy. The standard MTT assay revealed no cytotoxicity of the nanoliposomes when tested on the rat fibroblast cells. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (N = 10 each). Burn wounds were created by burn comb model on the back of the rats and the zone of stasis in each group was treated every 12 h for 3 days by injecting them with the Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposomes. Control samples included empty nanoliposomes, unencapsulated Mg‐ATP and the Krebs–Henseleit buffer. Laser Doppler flowmetry results revealed that blood perfusion in the zone of ischemia in rats treated with Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposomes was more than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed saving zone of stasis by Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposomes. Findings obtained in this study demonstrated that the formulated Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposome has the potential to save the stasis zone in burn wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders. There are contradicting data about the effectiveness of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating the symptoms of this condition. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating the symptoms of RLS/WED. Methods: A single-blind study was conducted on individuals with this illness for at least three months. Randomly, 75 patients were assigned into three groups: magnesium, vitamin B6, and placebo. The experimental group received daily doses of 40 mg vitamin B6 or 250 mg magnesium oxide. While others in the control group merely received a placebo. Patients' disease severity and sleep quality were evaluated three times using standard questionnaires (at the beginning of the study, one and two months after therapy). Utilizing SPSS22 software and the ANOVA, t-test, and repeated measure tests, statistical analysis was conducted. Results: The mean and standard deviation of sleep quality and disease severity at the beginning of the trial and throughout the first month following the intervention did not differ statistically between the three groups. In the second month following the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of sleep quality and disease severity were significantly different (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Taking magnesium and vitamin B6 supplements can reduce the severity of symptoms of RLS/WED patients and improve their sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenytoin is a versatile drug with utility in neurological, dermatological, and even cardiac disease processes. Though phenytoin is widely available due to its excellent anti‐epileptic properties, it is now rarely used as an antiarrhythmic. Phenytoin has well‐studied sodium‐channel blocking abilities which can be taken advantage of to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, it should remain in the arsenal of antiarrhythmics for any electrophysiologist. We present two cases of intractable ventricular arrhythmia in children that were controlled with phenytoin at supra‐therapeutic serum levels, preventing the need for heart transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In response to 2013 guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), our study examined changes in antenatal management and postpartum readmission (PPR) over time.Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study of individuals diagnosed antenatally with HDP who delivered at a tertiary care center from 2012 to 2017.Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was postpartum readmission for HDP in 2012-2013 vs 2014-2017. Secondary outcomes included intravenous magnesium administration and prescription for oral (PO) antihypertensive medication during delivery admission. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed differences in outcomes over time, adjusted for age, race, and payer status, for HDP with and without severe features, defined by ACOG criteria.Results: Of 5,300 eligible individuals, 73.5 % had HDP without severe features and 26.5 % had severe features. The PPR frequency in this cohort was 1.1 % (N = 59). There was no difference in PPR for individuals with HDP without severe features (aOR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.28-1.88) or with severe features (aOR 1.30; 95 % CI 0.50-3.39) by epoch. Magnesium administration for HDP with severe features remained below 80 % over time. Magnesium administration for HDP without severe features and discharge prescriptions for PO medications for HDP with severe features were lower after 2013. Neither magnesium administration nor discharge prescriptions were associated with decreased odds of PPR.Conclusion: Although there was no difference in PPR for HDP after 2013, there were changes in antenatal management of HDP, including decreased magnesium administration for individuals with HDP without severe features and PO medication for individuals with severe features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Hypokalemia is a common disorder that can negatively affect organ function. Magnesium supplementation is frequently recommended despite limited evidence to support its use.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of magnesium coadministration in patients treated for hypokalemia in the emergency department (ED).Methods: This retrospective, single-center study evaluated adults treated with intravenous (i.v.) potassium for hypokalemia (serum potassium <3.5 mMol/L) in the ED between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2020. Patients given magnesium supplementation within 4 h of potassium administration (MG+) were compared with those not given concurrent magnesium (MG-). The primary outcome was time to potassium normalization (≥ 3.5 mMol/L). Secondary outcomes included clinical effects, adverse effects, and dosing of magnesium and potassium.Results: Two hundred patients were included (MG+ = 100; MG- = 100). Patients in the MG- group more frequently had history of myocardial infarction (16% vs. 6%; p = 0.02) and alcoholism (16% vs. 6%; p = 0.02). Patients in the MG+ group had higher incidence of symptomatic hypokalemia (34% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and severe hypokalemia (serum potassium < 2.5 mMol/L) (15% vs. 8%; p = 0.03). There were no differences in time to serum potassium normalization, change in serum potassium after treatment, or incidence of potassium normalization within 24 h of treatment. MG+ patients required more potassium within 24 h of treatment and more frequently developed hypermagnesemia (serum magnesium >1.1 mMol/L).Conclusions: Magnesium coadministration during hypokalemia treatment did not affect time to serum potassium normalization but was associated with more hypermagnesemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reno, AM, Green, M, Killen, LG, O'Neal, EK, Pritchett, K, and Hanson, Z. Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness and performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2198–2203, 2022—This double-blind, between-group study examined effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation (350 mg·d−1, 10 days) on muscle soreness and performance. College-aged male (n = 9) and female (n = 13) subjects completed baseline and posttreatment eccentric bench press sessions inducing fatigue/soreness followed by performance sessions (total volume and repetitions to failure [RTF] [65, 75, and 85% of 1 repetition maximum]) 48 hours later with perceptual measures. Subjects estimated soreness using a Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scale by striking a vertical line on a 6-cm horizontal line (at 24, 36, and 48 hours post trial) from 0—no soreness to 6—intolerable soreness. Results are presented as means ± SD (alpha ≤0.05). Mg significantly reduced (∼1–2 units lower on a 6-point scale) muscle soreness from the baseline eccentric to postintervention trial 24, 36, and 48 hours with no significant change for placebo (Pla) group. Performance approached significance for total RTF (p = 0.06) and 65 and 75% RTF (p = 0.08) (Mg vs. Pla). Perceptual responses for session rating of perceived exertion and acute rating of perceived exertion were significant for Mg (5.1 ± 2.4 to 4.1 ± 2.0) vs. Pla (5.0 ± 1.8 to 5.5 ± 1.6). Perceived recovery after supplementation was improved vs. baseline for Mg (5.4 ± 2.2 to 7.5 ± 2.3) but not for Pla (6.2 ± 2.4 to 7.2 ± 3.3). Results show significantly reduced muscle soreness, session rating of perceived exertion, acute rating of perceived exertion, and improved perceived recovery after Mg (vs. Pla) supplementation and some evidence for positive performance impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some nutraceuticals have been studied as supportive treatment for fighting upper respiratory tract infection and middle ear disease. Our study aims at evaluating the effect of a specific oral supplementation in the treatment of pediatric otits media. The subjects were randomly assigned by the physician (single-blinded study) to one of three groups: Control Group (CG), Treatment Group 1 (TG1), or Treatment Group 2 (TG2). Both TG were treated with Flogostop Duo (for 20 days—TG1 or 30 days—TG2) in combination with the standard treatment, while CG underwent standard treatment only. The standard treatment was nasal aerosol with Fluticasone and Mucolytic, and nasal washing with hypertonic solution. All patients were analyzed by otoscopy, impedance, fibroscopy, and pure auditory test at the baseline (T0), after 20 days (T1) and 35 days (T2). 120 children were included in the study, 40 in the CG, 40 in the TG1, and 40 in the TG2. Both TG1 and TG2 presented statistically significant differences with respect to controls in otoscopy, impedance, fibroscopy, and PTA at T2. The otoscopy improved at T2 with statistically significant value only in TG2. The impedance and fibroscopy improved at T1 both in TG1 and TG2 compared to CG. A statistically significant improvement was observed in TG2 at T2 in comparison to both CG and TG1. Statistically significant differences were observed in PTA at T2 only compared with controls. This study confirmed the efficacy of nutraceutical as supporting therapy in the upper respiratory tract infection in children. In particular, the supplement containing Boswellia serrata and Bromelain, which are molecules with strong anti-inflammatory and pain-control capacities, could add the benefit without the adverse effects which are related to NSAID use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among multiple factors that affect the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diet has an important contribution. Chronic oxidative stress has also been implicated in the development of PCOS. The present study is an attempt to evaluate dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and its relationship with odds of PCOS in Iran. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as a case-control study in hospital outpatient clinics, Tehran, Iran. Totally, 310 female participants with a history of PCOS and 602 age-matched controls took part in this study between June 2015 and December 2018. A reproducible and valid 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency inventory was utilized to determine the entire antioxidants of the usual diet in order to calculate dietary TAC. The relationship of dietary TAC with odds of PCOS were assessed adjusting for potential confounders through an estimation of two multivariable conditional regression models. The first tertile was presented as a reference category. Results: In a fully adjusted model, the highest tertile of dietary TAC was associated with a reduced odds of PCOS [odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.59, 0.96, P for trend: 0.038). In addition, PCOS odds decreased in the highest tertile of α-tocopherol intake (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.88, P for trend: 0.023). The adjusted ORs in the highest tertile of vitamin C, β-carotene and magnesium were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.83-0.97), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.67-0.98) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.55-0.9 8) respectively, with a significant trend. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that there was a relationship between high TAC diets and lower odds of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of magnesium sulfate during abdominal surgery. Methods: This randomized double-blinded study involved 84 patients candidates for abdominal surgery into two same groups. In the magnesium group, at first 25 mg/kg/1 h magnesium sulfate; and then, 100 mg/kg/24 h was infused in the intensive care unit. The pain intensity (the primary outcome), was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS) every 3 h. If the NRS was > 3, morphine (as a secondary outcome) was used and evaluated. The results were analyzed using SPSS ver. 19 software, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Demographic parameters were similar between the groups. The pain intensity were similar at first and then at the third hour in both groups (P = 0.393 and P = 0.172, respectively), but thereafter between 6 and 24 h, the pain severity was significantly lower in the magnesium group (4.4 ± 1.3 in the control and 3.34 ± 1 in the magnesium group at 6th hour and P = 0.001). In addition, morphine intake in the first 24 h in the two groups had a significant difference, with 13.2 ± 5.7 mg in control group and 8 ± 3.5 mg in magnesium group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, intravenous magnesium sulfate after abdominal surgeries for 24 h resolved the pain intensity after six hours and reduced morphine dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Headaches and migraine are a common neurological complaint post SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection, with research published in Cepalalgia; an international journal of headache, indicates approximately a fifth of people experience post COVID-19 persistent migraine symptoms lasting for weeks or months after testing negative to the virus. 1 For persistent Post COVID migraine sufferers, however, headaches can be catastrophic and debilitating. Knowledge is emerging about the pathophysiology of post-COVID headache, however based on early migraine clinical observations, providing nutritional support to the trigeminovascular system and meningeal nociceptors may provide mitochondrial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolyte imbalances can frequently occur among patients with cancer. Hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia are side effects of certain chemotherapies, including cisplatin, cetuximab, eribulin, and ifosfamide. When patients concurrently receive chemotherapy and take medications that cause hypomagnesemia or hypokalemia, electrolyte imbalances are amplified. Provider and patient education are vital to identifying and treating these conditions in a timely manner. If medication usage depletes electrolytes, repletion through diet and supplements is essential. In symptomatic cases of electrolyte deficiency, oral and IV formulations of potassium and magnesium are options for treatment. This article discusses the importance of identifying and understanding the etiologies, symptoms, and treatment modalities of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia. AT A GLANCE Because hypomagnesemia can lead to potassium wasting, it should be addressed before correcting hypokalemia. Potassium should not be administered undiluted or by IV push as this can cause fatal cardiac arrest. The maximum rate of peripheral administration is 10 mEq per hour. Oral magnesium formulations vary in elemental magnesium amounts and in absorption rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The protective effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation against cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity has been widely described; however, the optimal dose of Mg supplementation is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 20 mEq of Mg supplementation is more effective than 8 mEq Mg in preventing CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as the associated risk factors, in cancer patients treated with CDDP-based chemotherapy.Methods: Pooled data of 272 patients receiving 20 mEq or 8 mEq Mg supplementation to CDDP-based chemotherapy from a multicenter, retrospective, observational study were compared using propensity score matching. Separate multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for renal failure induced by each treatment dose.Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of nephrotoxicity between the 8 mEq and 20 mEq groups (P = 0.926). There was also no significant difference in the severity of nephrotoxicity, elevated serum creatinine levels, and decreased estimated creatinine clearance levels between the two groups. Cardiac disease and albumin levels were identified as independent risk factors for CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.Conclusion: We did not find an advantage of 20 mEq over 8 mEq Mg supplementation in terms of a preventive effect against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. The optimal dose of Mg supplementation for the prevention of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity remains unknown, and further studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the infection and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, age and comorbidities play a major role in the successful management of COVID-19. The nutritional status changes which occur in the body vary with the age and underlying conditions and has a vital role in the functioning of the immune system and cellular membrane integrity, thus minimizing the vulnerability to the infection. Considering the data already published by eminent researchers, a few micronutrients have shown outstanding results as supportive therapies in the treatment of viral infections. Micronutrient like zinc improves the membrane barrier integrity, has anti-inflammatory activity, and is involved in antibody production. Vitamin A supports the phagocytic activity of macrophages, while vitamin C reduces the worsening of respiratory tract infections by restoring the dysfunctional epithelial barrier of the lungs. Vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acid metabolites play a major role in immunomodulation and in the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of antibodies, while copper, vitamin B12, and folate have significant effects on immune cells. A few researchers suggest that iron supplementation has reduced the risk of acquiring respiratory tract infections in children. As the age of the patient increases, the need for micronutrients increases, thus leading to an imbalanced nutritional status which in turn increases the risk and fatality of the infections. The use of micronutrients in modulating the inflammatory, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier integrity is explored during the treatment of viral infections for faster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of co-supplementation with Mg2+ and treadmill exercise on memory deficit in aged rats. Fifty male albino rats (10 young and 40 aged rats) were divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): young, aged sedentary, aged exercised, aged Mg2+-supplemented, and aged exercised and Mg2+-supplemented. Memory was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP). Subsequently, brain malondialdehyde and catalase levels were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampi were performed. Our results showed impaired memory in aged sedentary rats, with significantly elevated plasma CRP and brain malondialdehyde levels and decreased brain catalase. The hippocampus of aged sedentary rats showed cellular degeneration, downregulation of synaptophysin (SYP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and caspase-3. Mg2+ supplementation and/or treadmill exercise significantly improved memory tests in aged rats, which could be explained by the upregulation of hippocampal SYP and PCNA expression and downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3 expression with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The combined therapy had a better effect than both treatments alone, confirming the role of Mg2+ supplementation with physical exercise in enhancing age-related memory deficit. Novelty: Magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats. The possible mechanisms are upregulation of the hippocampal synaptophysin and PCNA, downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both magnesium and massage therapy have important health benefits for blood circulation, waste clearance and muscle recovery, as well as alleviation of anxiety and stress. Magnesium massage supercharges health benefits by promoting pain relief, stress relief, faster recovery from injury, bolstering the immune system, and prevention of premature ageing. As magnesium is a natural anxiolytic 1, 2 and anti-inflammatory. It supercharges your massage to achieve a powerful relaxation effect, dampening down stress hormones, and speeding up healing and recovery. When combining magnesium uptake with massage, you have a massive powerhouse to protect and support health and the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]