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Abstract This longitudinal observational study aimed to evaluate whether cardiometabolic factors and dietary characteristics are determinants of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in non-obese individuals (body mass index [BMI]

Abstract Background and Aim Dietary characteristics associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in non‐obese patients remain to be elucidated. This study examined the association of NAFLD and MASLD with dietary characteristics according to obesity status. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional study of 15 135 participants (n = 7568 men and 7567 women) aged 35–74 years using data of annual health checks between 2008 and 2020. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Diagnosis of fatty liver was based on abdominal ultrasonography. Fatty‐liver‐related dietary characteristics were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire. Results For non‐obese participants, NAFLD was found in 31.0% of men and 19.4% of women. Non‐obese MASLD was found in 27.6% of men and 18.1% of women. Multivariable‐adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that, in males, both non‐obese NAFLD and non‐obese MASLD were significantly and negatively associated with “often eat sesame/nuts”, and positively associated with “often eat noodles/rice bowl” and “often eat evening meal” (P

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most concerning chronic liver diseases and has been suggested to be related to obesity. This study aimed to assess the features and tendencies of eating behaviors associated with overeating in patients with NAFLD. The study participants comprised an obese NAFLD group (n = 68), a non-obese NAFLD group (n = 35), and a control group (n = 74). All participants completed an eating behavior questionnaire designed for Japanese people that measures restrained eating, emotional eating, and external eating influences. The scores for each scale were compared between groups by sex. In men in the obese NAFLD group, scores on the restrained eating scale were significantly higher compared with the control group. Meanwhile, in women in the obese NAFLD group, scores on the emotional eating scale were significantly higher compared with the non-obese NAFLD and control groups. In addition, scores on the emotional eating scale showed significantly positive correlations with body mass index in women in the NAFLD group (r = 0.480, p = 0.001). These findings suggest that eating behavior in patients with NAFLD might vary based on obesity status and sex, and these tendencies may be related to overeating and obesity.

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation. Some individuals frequently present elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels without fatty liver ultrasound images and other abnormal liver enzymes levels. However, whether these individuals are at an elevated risk for developing fatty liver is unclear. We compared fatty liver change rates and risk factors between individuals with frequently elevated GGT levels and those with normal levels. Methods We designed a retrospective cohort study on the basis of complete medical checkup records. One group of individuals had presented normal serum GGT levels during the observation period (Normal-GGT group, n = 2713). Another group had had abnormal elevated serum GGT levels frequently (Abnormal-GGT group, n = 264). We determined the fatty liver change incident rates before and after propensity score matching. We explored confounding factors affecting fatty changes in each group using univariate and multivariate Cox models. Results The change incidence rates were 5.80/1000 and 10.02/1000 person-years in the Normal-GGT and Abnormal-GGT groups, respectively. After propensity score matching, the incidence rates were 3.08/1000 and 10.18/1000 person-years in the Normal-GGT and Abnormal-GGT groups, respectively (p = 0.026). The factors associated with fatty liver changes in the Normal-GGT group included body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar, and high-density lipoprotein levels. Those in the Abnormal-GGT group were platelet counts and TG. In our multivariable analysis, BMI, ALT, albumin, and TG levels were independent predictors of fatty changes in the Normal-GGT group, and high TG level was the only independent predictor in the Abnormal-GGT group. Conclusions The incidence rate of fatty liver change in the Abnormal-GGT group was higher than that in the Normal-GGT group. Consecutive elevated GGT levels increase the risk for fatty liver, and high TG levels in those individuals further independently increase the risk.

A diastolic paradoxical jet flow, often seen in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is a unique flow from the apex toward the base of the left ventricle during isovolumic relaxation. To date, this phenomenon appears to have been noninvasively detected only on echocardiograms. We report the case of a 43-year-old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a diastolic paradoxical jet flow, in whom cardiac auscultation revealed a soft S4, a systolic ejection murmur, and a low-pitched early diastolic murmur immediately after S2 at the apex. On comparing his echocardiographic findings with those on phonocardiograms and apexcardiograms, we confirmed that the unusual murmur coincided with the diastolic jet flow. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which heart murmurs associated with a diastolic paradoxical jet flow have been clearly described. Because these flows can increase the risk of adverse outcomes, detecting any associated murmurs by methods other than echocardiography is worthwhile, even in the era of advanced imaging techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]