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Fire risk assessment is a crucial step in effective fire control, playing an important role in reducing fire losses. It has remained a significant topic in the field of fire safety. To explore the research hotspots and frontier trends in fire risk assessment and to understand its macroscopic development trajectory, a sample of 1596 papers from 1976 to 2023, extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database, was utilized to create a knowledge map. The study employed bibliometric methods, visual analysis, and content analysis to uncover the research pulse and hotspots in the field, offering insights into its future development. The findings indicate that research in fire risk assessment has demonstrated continuous growth over the past 50 years. China and the United States are the dominant research forces in the field, while India and Australia show potential as new drivers for development. Expert groups have formed in this field, with intra-institutional cooperation being the primary focus, while inter-institutional collaboration remains limited. The research outcomes exhibit multidisciplinary crossovers, exerting a significant impact on various disciplinary domains. The research hotspots primarily revolve around investigating fire and explosion accidents, assessing the vulnerability of fire subjects, and identifying potential fire hazards. The application of artificial intelligence technology is identified as a pivotal tool for future development. However, to achieve substantial progress, it is important to enhance the importance accorded to fire risk assessment, foster multinational and cross-institutional cooperation, and prioritize research innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different ionic strengths on the texture, protein, and flavor of thermally processed hairtail pieces. Incorporating salt ions into the heat treatment process had a positive impact on the quality of the cooked hairtail pieces. The pieces treated with 2 M NaCl showed superior texture and sensory scores. The ionic strength had a significant positive correlation with the chewiness and cohesion of cooked hairtail (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the myofibrillar protein content and total sulfhydryl content increased significantly. Circular dichroism spectra analysis revealed a transition in the protein structure from a β‐sheet structure to an α‐helical structure as the ionic strength decreased. The ionic strength had a significant impact on the interaction between protein and flavor compounds. Specifically, it impacted the expression of certain volatile components (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that selecting the appropriate cooking method is crucial for both healthiness and sensory quality of processed hairtail products, and ionic strength mediation is superior in both aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress of seawater desalination technology, concentrated brine has not been effectively used due to the lack of mature development and treatment process. Direct emissions of concentrated brine are seriously harmful to the ecological environment. At the same time, massive emissions of carbon dioxide have exacerbated the greenhouse effect. Aiming at the resource utilization of concentrated brine and carbon dioxide, combined with the previous research basis of using calcium hydroxide as the precipitant to prepare magnesium hydroxide, this paper proposes a carbonization technical process to prepare magnesium bicarbonate using magnesium hydroxide as the precursor from low magnesium systems. The research focused on the carbonization process of magnesium hydroxide, investigating the influence of liquid-solid ratio, temperature, carbon dioxide gas velocity, stirring speed, and raw material difference on the carbonization process, and monitoring the change of calcium and magnesium ion concentration and pH value during the carbonization process. It was found that under room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the carbonization effect was the best when the liquid-solid ratio was 40, the carbon dioxide gas velocity was 400 mL/min, and the stirring speed was 300 r/min, the concentration of Mg2+ in the carbonization solution from magnesium hydroxide (AR) was 0.315 mol/L and there existed no Ca2+, the concentration of Mg2+ in the carbonization solution from self-made magnesium hydroxide was 0.203 mol/L, the concentration of Ca2+ was 3.2 x 10-4 mol/L, calcium impurities were basically separated. The particle size and dispersion of magnesium hydroxide had a significant impact on the carbonization effect, smaller particle size and better dispersion promoted the carbonization process. The shrinking core model of magnesium hydroxide was briefly discussed at the same time, the fits of the carbonization process at different slurry temperatures showed good linearity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing unique nanostructures and components for catalysts can promote the deep catalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds into CO2. Herein, a pyrolysis strategy for MOF-based oxides (Mn3[Co-(CN)6]2·nH2O) was employed to successfully synthesize oxygen vacancy-enriched Mn–Co spinel oxides with hollow nanocube structures (denoted as MOF-CMO/400). Compared with CoMn2O4 nanoparticles prepared by the traditional precipitation method, MOF-CMO/400 presented a T90 of 209 °C for toluene catalytic oxidation, which was 38 °C lower than that of CoMn2O4 nanoparticles (247 °C). Especially in a high-temperature region, MOF-CMO/400 nanocubes possessed a narrower temperature range to achieve 100% toluene conversion than CoMn2O4 nanoparticles. The excellent catalytic activity of MOF-CMO/400 is mainly attributed to the three-dimensional hollow structure, more oxygen vacancy defects, longer Mn–O bonds, and abundant active oxygen species. Furthermore, MOF-CMO/400 nanocubes displayed good humidity resistance (above 5–10 vol % H2O). Therefore, the nanocatalyst with a distinctive structure and defects has great potential in industrial application for deep toluene oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a primary pediatric ocular malignancy that can be fatal with inadequate treatment. While multimodal treatments are applied for eye salvage, vision loss and metastasis can occur in some patients. The present study aimed to explore key pathways and factors in RB pathogenesis, which could be potential targets for novel RB treatments. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed on three RB tissues and referenced with three normal retinas. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from sequencing data and further analyzed with clustering analysis, function and pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and data-mining analysis in order to screen for tumorigenic relevancy. Results: A total of 331 DEGs were identified by clustering analysis of RB tissues, and the expression patterns were significantly distinguishable from normal retinas. Function and pathway enrichment and PPI analysis together showed that cell cycle was the most prominently upregulated pathway found in RB tissues. Following comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, six key genes relevant to cell cycle regulation were identified, namely BUB1, RRM2, TPX2, UBE2C, NUSAP1, and DTL. Conclusions: Cell cycle pathway and six relevant genes may be potential key factors in RB tumorigenesis and laying the foundation for prospective investigation on development of novel targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell cycle deregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers and is often associated with protein kinase aberrations, including the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). We used retinoblastoma, an intraocular malignancy that lacks targeted therapy, as a disease model and set out to reveal targetability of PLK1 with a small molecular inhibitor ON-01910.Na. First, transcriptomic analysis on patient retinoblastoma tissues suggested that cell cycle progression was deregulated and confirmed that PLK1 pathway was upregulated. Next, antitumor activity of ON-01910.Na was investigated in both cellular and animal levels. Cytotoxicity induced by ON-01910.Na was tumor specific and dose dependent in retinoblastoma cells, while nontumor cells were minimally affected. In three-dimensional culture, ON-01910.Na demonstrated efficient drug penetrability with multilayer cell death. Posttreatment transcriptomic findings revealed that cell cycle arrest and MAPK cascade activation were induced following PLK1 inhibition and eventually resulted in apoptotic cell death. In Balb/c nude mice, a safe threshold of 0.8 nmol intravitreal dosage of ON-01910.Na was established for intraocular safety, which was demonstrated by structural integrity and functional preservation. Furthermore, intraocular and subcutaneous xenograft were significantly reduced with ON-01910.Na treatments. For the first time, we demonstrated targetability of PLK1 in retinoblastoma by efficiently causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our study is supportive that local treatment of ON-01910.Na may be a novel, effective modality benefiting patients with PLK1-aberrant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]