19 results on '"Tarayre, Michèle"'
Search Results
2. Morphological variability of cushion plant Lyallia kerguelensis (Caryophyllales) in relation to environmental conditions and geography in the Kerguelen Islands: implications for cushion necrosis and climate change
- Author
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Marchand, Lorène Julia, Tarayre, Michèle, Dorey, Thomas, Rantier, Yann, and Hennion, Françoise
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Corrigendum: Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis
- Author
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Marchand, Lorène Julia, primary, Hennion, Françoise, additional, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, Martin, Marie-Claire, additional, Martins, Benoit Renaud, additional, and Monard, Cécile, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Contrôle mécanique de l'ajonc Ulex europaeus : facteurs affectants la capacité de repousse
- Author
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Thevenoux, Romain, Tarayre, Michèle, Atlan, Anne, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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ajonc ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,Resprouting ,Life history traits ,Rejet de souche ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Biological invasion ,Ulex europaeus ,gorse ,Taits d'histoire de vie ,Invasions biologiques - Abstract
Cutting is frequently used to control invasive species, but the ability of plants to produce stump sprouts is little studied, even though it has strong consequences on the efficiency of this management, and a structural effect on ecosystems. Here we have studied the intraspecific variability of resprouting capacities of the common gorse, (Ulex europaeus) by comparing regions of its native and invaded areas. We conducted a comparative study in an experimental garden between two invaded regions (Reunion, New Zealand) and two native regions (Scotland, Brittany). Results show that (1) regrowth is mainly governed by the basal architecture of individuals (2) there are differences in resprouting capacity depending on the geographic regions, but no clear trend within native and invasive areas (3) life-history traits linked with resprouting capacity also vary depending on geographic regions. These results show large intraspecific variation in the resprouting capacity of gorse, and provide guidance for the management of gorse in invaded areas.; La coupe est fréquemment utilisée pour contrôler les espèces envahissantes, mais la capacité des plantes à produire des rejets de souche est peu étudiée alors qu’elle a de fortes conséquences sur l'efficacité de cette gestion, et un effet structurel sur les écosystèmes. Ici, nous avons étudié la variabilité intraspécifique des capacités de repousse de l'ajonc commun, (Ulex europaeus) en comparant des régions de ses zones d'origine et envahies. Nous avons mené une étude comparative dans un jardin expérimental entre deux régions envahies (Réunion, Nouvelle-Zélande) et deux régions natives (Ecosse, Bretagne). Les résultats montrent que (1) la repousse est principalement gouvernée par l'architecture basale des individus (2) il existe des différences dans la capacité de repousse selon les régions géographiques, mais pas de tendance claire entre des régions natives et envahies (3) les traits d'histoire de vie liés à la capacité de repousse dépendent de la région. Ces résultats montrent une grande variation intraspécifique dans la capacité de repousse de l'ajonc, et fournissent des indications pour la gestion de l'ajonc dans les zones envahies.
- Published
- 2022
5. Self-Incompatibility in Ulex europaeus : Variations in Native and Invaded Regions
- Author
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Atlan, Anne, Schermann-Legionnet, Agnès, Udo, Nathalie, and Tarayre, Michèle
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis
- Author
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Marchand, Lorène Julia, primary, Hennion, Françoise, additional, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, Martin, Marie-Claire, additional, Martins, Benoit Renaud, additional, and Monard, Cécile, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Le contrôle des ajoncs : Repousse d'Ulex europaeus après coupe sur des plantes issues de régions d'origines et envahies
- Author
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Thevenoux, Romain, Tarayre, Michèle, Atlan, Anne, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers
- Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,Resprouting ,Life history traits ,Biological invasion ,gorse ,Ulex europaeus - Abstract
Cutting is currently used to control invasive species. The ability of plants to produce stump sprouts, following the total or partial destruction of their aerial biomass, has strong consequences on the efficiency of this management. Here we have studied the intraspecific variability of resprouting capacities of the common gorse (Ulex europaeus, ssp. europaeus) in a common garden. We conducted a comparative study between two invaded regions (Reunion, New Zealand) and two native regions (Scotland, Brittany). Results show large intra-specific variation in the resprouting capacity of gorse, and that (1) regrowth is mainly governed by the basal architecture of individuals (2) there are differences in resprouting capacity depending on the geographic regions, but no clear trend within native and invasive areas (3) life-history traits linked with resprouting capacity also vary depending on geographic regions. These results may provide guidance for the management of gorse in invaded areas.; La lutte physique par la coupe est souvent utilisée pour contrôler les espèces envahissantes. La capacité des plantes à produire des rejets de souche, suite à la destruction totale ou partielle de leur biomasse aérienne, a de fortes conséquences sur l'efficacité de cette gestion. Nous avons étudié la variabilité intraspécifique des capacités de repousse de l'ajonc commun, (Ulex europaeus, ssp. europaeus) en jardin experimental. Nous avons mené une étude comparative entre deux régions envahies (La Réunion, Nouvelle-Zélande) et deux régions d’origine (Ecosse, Bretagne). Les résultats montrent une grande variation intraspécifique dans la capacité de repousse de l'ajonc, et (1) que la repousse est principalement gouvernée par l'architecture basale des individus, (2) qu’il existe des différences dans la capacité de repousse selon les régions, mais pas de tendance claire entre zones natives et envahies, (3) que les traits d'histoire de vie liés à la capacité de repousse varient selon les régions. Ces résultats peuvent fournit des indications pour la gestion de l'ajonc dans les zones envahies.
- Published
- 2022
8. Morphological variability of cushion plant Lyallia kerguelensis (Caryophyllales) in relation to environmental conditions and geography in the Kerguelen Islands: implications for cushion necrosis and climate change
- Author
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Marchand, Lorène Julia, primary, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, Dorey, Thomas, additional, Rantier, Yann, additional, and Hennion, Françoise, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Variation of thermal plasticity for functional traits between populations of an invasive aquatic plant from two climatic regions
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Thiébaut, Gabrielle, primary, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, Jambon, Olivier, additional, Le Bris, Nathalie, additional, Colinet, Hervé, additional, and Renault, David, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Seed source regions drive fitness differences in invasive macrophytes
- Author
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Gillard, Morgane B., primary, Drenovsky, Rebecca E., additional, Thiébaut, Gabrielle, additional, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, Futrell, Caryn J., additional, and Grewell, Brenda J., additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Allelopathic Effects of Native Versus Invasive Plants on One Major Invader
- Author
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Thiébaut, Gabrielle, primary, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, and Rodríguez-Pérez, Héctor, additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. How is the invasive gorse Ulex europaeus pollinated during winter? A lesson from its native range
- Author
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Bowman, Gillianne, Tarayre, Michèle, Atlan, Anne, Bowman, Gillianne, Tarayre, Michèle, and Atlan, Anne
- Abstract
Many examples of plant-insect interactions have shown that selection from herbivores can act on flowering and fruiting phenology. In Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae), escaping seed predation resulted in extended, but variable flowering periods, with some plants flowering from autumn until spring and others flowering only in spring. The present study aims at understanding how gorses can have a high reproductive success during winter despite harsh climatic conditions and low number of pollinators. We measured pollen production, flower size and seed production in spring and winter, and compared the different seasons. The pollination success of flowers was high in both seasons. The flowers produced as much pollen, and were of comparable size in spring and winter, but they stayed open twice as long in winter than in spring. The high pollination rate we observed was thus due to the longer opening period of flowers and the high attractiveness of flowers during winter. However, pod abortion was higher in winter, with 43% of the flowers in winter and 75% in spring producing ripe pods. Antagonistic selective pressures exerted by biotic and abiotic interactions may, therefore, have lead to the observed flowering polymorphism, and allow U.europaeus to thrive in various climates, thus, increasing its invasiveness in different countries
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- 2018
13. Histoire humaine et naturelle d’une invasion biologique [Human and natural history of a biological invasion]
- Author
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Udo, Nathalie, Darrot, Catherine, Tarayre, Michèle, Atlan, Anne, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
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Invasive process ,Reunion Island ,écologie historique ,lcsh:GN1-890 ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,lcsh:Anthropology ,Historical ecology ,processus invasif ,Ulex europaeus - Abstract
International audience; Invasive species often settle in specific socio-ecological systems, in which the role of human is central. Our study aims to bring a new perspective on a plant declared as a major invasive, gorse, Ulex europaeus, incorporating human factors and the social context in the analysis of each stage of the invasion process. Gorse was highly valued in its area of origin, Europe, which has led to its voluntary introduction in many European colonies to the 19th century. It is now considered invasive in more than 30 countries and on all continents. The site chosen is the island of Reunion, whose characteristics make it a laboratory for the study: the space is circumscribed, human presence is recent, and archives are available on almost the entire history of colonization. The collected materials are composed of archive extracts, bibliographic documents, semi-structured interviews, maps, and biological data. They were systematically analyzed by time and space. The spatiotemporal dynamics of gorse has been finely traced since its introduction, in conjunction with the ecology of the plant, the characteristics of natural environments, and successive changes in policies and economic status of spaces occupied by the plant. The biological invasion gorse appears as the result of complex processes binder in a seamless web interaction between introduced species and natural environment and the history of social, economic and cultural relationships that humans have with their environment.; Les espèces invasives s’établissent souvent dans des systèmes socio-écologiques particuliers, où le rôle des humains est central. Notre étude a pour objectif d’apporter un nouveau regard sur une plante déclarée invasive majeure, l'ajonc d’Europe, Ulex europaeus, en intégrant les facteurs humains et le contexte social dans l'analyse de chaque stade du processus d’invasion. L’ajonc a été très valorisé dans sa zone d’origine, l'Europe, ce qui a induit son introduction volontaire dans de nombreuses colonies européennes vers le xixe siècle. Il est aujourd'hui considéré comme envahissant dans plus de 30 pays et réparti sur tous les continents. Le site choisi est l’île de La Réunion ; ses caractéristiques en font un laboratoire d’étude : le milieu est circonscrit, la présence humaine est récente, et les archives sont disponibles sur la quasi-intégralité de l’histoire de la colonisation. Les matériaux collectés sont composés d'extraits d'archives, de documents bibliographiques, d’entretiens semi-directifs, de cartographies, et de données biologiques. Ils ont été analysés de manière systématique, par époque et par espace. La dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’ajonc a été retracée de manière fine depuis son introduction, en liaison à la fois avec l'écologie de la plante, les caractéristiques des milieux naturels et les modifications successives des statuts politiques et économiques des espaces occupés par la plante. L’invasion biologique par l’ajonc dans l’île apparaît comme le résultat de processus complexes liant dans un « tissu sans coutures » l’interaction espèce introduite-milieu naturel et l’histoire des rapports sociaux, économiques et culturels que les humains entretiennent avec leur environnement.
- Published
- 2016
14. Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits of the perennial shrub Ulex europaeus in response to shading: A multi-year monitoring of cultivated clones
- Author
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Atlan, Anne, Hornoy, Benjamin, Delerue, Florian, Gonzalez, Maya, Pierre, Jean-Sébastien, Tarayre, Michèle, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
- Subjects
Genotype ,Light ,lcsh:R ,Seeds ,fungi ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Ulex ,Flowers ,Seasons ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,lcsh:Science ,Research Article - Abstract
International audience; Phenotypic plasticity may be advantageous for plants to be able to rapidly cope with new and changing environments associated with climate change or during biological invasions. This is especially true for perennial plants, as they may need a longer period to respond genetically to selective pressures than annuals, and also because they are more likely to experience environmental changes during their lifespan. However, few studies have explored the plasticity of the reproductive life history traits of woody perennial species. This study focuses on a woody shrub, Ulex europaeus (common gorse), and on the response of its reproductive traits to one important environmental factor, shading. The study was performed on clones originating from western France (within the native range of this invasive species) and grown for seven years. We compared traits of plants grown in a shade treatment (with two successive shade levels) vs. full natural light. The traits monitored included flowering onset, pod production and seed predation. All traits studied responded to shading, exhibiting various levels of plasticity. In particular, dense shade induced a radical but reversible decrease in flower and pod production, while moderate shade had little effect on reproductive traits. The magnitude of the response to dense shade depended on the genotype, showing a genetically based polymorphism of plasticity. The level of plasticity also showed substantial variations between years, and the effect of environmental variations was cumulative over time. This suggests that plasticity can influence the lifetime fitness of U. Europaeus and is involved in the capacity of the species to grow under contrasting environmental conditions.
- Published
- 2015
15. Evolution of germination strategy in the invasive speciesUlex europaeus
- Author
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Udo, Nathalie, primary, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, and Atlan, Anne, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Human and natural history of a biological invasion: Gorse on Reunion Island
- Author
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Udo, Nathalie, primary, Darrot, Catherine, additional, Tarayre, Michèle, additional, and Atlan, Anne, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Self-Incompatibility inUlex europaeus: Variations in Native and Invaded Regions
- Author
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Atlan, Anne, primary, Schermann-Legionnet, Agnès, additional, Udo, Nathalie, additional, and Tarayre, Michèle, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Evolution of germination strategy in the invasive species Ulex europaeus.
- Author
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Udo, Nathalie, Tarayre, Michèle, and Atlan, Anne
- Subjects
GERMINATION ,PLANT species ,PLANT colonization ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,GORSE - Abstract
Aims The study of the adaptive potential of the germination patterns of invading species enables us to identify some traits linked with their capacity to colonize new sites, and to gain a better understanding of their area of distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the germination pattern of Ulex europaeus, a cosmopolitan invasive species, in relation to temperature and to explore its potential evolution and invasiveness in a tropical region, following its introduction from Europe. Methods We studied the germination pattern of U. europaeus (the common gorse) to test both physical dormancy and germination capacity within the range of temperatures found in the native and invasive regions. To understand its germination pattern and its evolution, the rate and the speed of germination, as well as the percentage of seeds that became mouldy during the experiment, have been compared between a native habitat, France and a habitat into which it has been introduced, the tropical island of La Reunion. Important Findings The results show that gorse seeds germinate in large quantities, possess the ability to germinate under a wide range of temperatures and they confirm the physical dormancy of the seeds (caused by seed coat impermeability). The decrease in germination from 25°C upwards, coupled with an increase in the rate of moulding help to explain its restricted distribution at altitude in tropical environments. For scarified seeds, we have not detected any difference between the two regions, neither in the percentage of germinated seeds, nor in the percentage of mouldy seeds. However, seeds from Reunion germinate faster at 20°C than seeds from France and a greater number of seeds from Reunion are able to germinate without scarification (10-60% for Reunion versus 0-10% for France). These results suggest that while preserving the advantages of the native habitat, in Reunion gorse develops a strategy which favours the rapid occupation of new sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Phenotypic Plasticity in Reproductive Traits of the Perennial Shrub Ulex europaeus in Response to Shading: A Multi-Year Monitoring of Cultivated Clones.
- Author
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Atlan A, Hornoy B, Delerue F, Gonzalez M, Pierre JS, and Tarayre M
- Subjects
- Flowers genetics, Flowers growth & development, Genotype, Light, Seasons, Seeds genetics, Seeds growth & development, Ulex genetics, Ulex growth & development
- Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity may be advantageous for plants to be able to rapidly cope with new and changing environments associated with climate change or during biological invasions. This is especially true for perennial plants, as they may need a longer period to respond genetically to selective pressures than annuals, and also because they are more likely to experience environmental changes during their lifespan. However, few studies have explored the plasticity of the reproductive life history traits of woody perennial species. This study focuses on a woody shrub, Ulex europaeus (common gorse), and on the response of its reproductive traits to one important environmental factor, shading. The study was performed on clones originating from western France (within the native range of this invasive species) and grown for seven years. We compared traits of plants grown in a shade treatment (with two successive shade levels) vs. full natural light. The traits monitored included flowering onset, pod production and seed predation. All traits studied responded to shading, exhibiting various levels of plasticity. In particular, dense shade induced a radical but reversible decrease in flower and pod production, while moderate shade had little effect on reproductive traits. The magnitude of the response to dense shade depended on the genotype, showing a genetically based polymorphism of plasticity. The level of plasticity also showed substantial variations between years, and the effect of environmental variations was cumulative over time. This suggests that plasticity can influence the lifetime fitness of U. Europaeus and is involved in the capacity of the species to grow under contrasting environmental conditions.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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