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1. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Author: Dagfinn Aune, Abhijit Sen, Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, and Trine Folseraas
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract A diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been associated with increased risk of hepatobiliary cancers, colorectal cancer and all-cause mortality in several studies, while associations with cardiovascular disease have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort studies on the topic to summarize these associations. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 13th, 2020. Cohort studies on PSC and risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using random effects models. The summary RR (95% CI) comparing persons with PSC to persons without PSC was 584.37 (269.42–1267.51, I2 = 89%, n = 4) for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), 155.54 (125.34–193.02, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for hepatobiliary cancer, 30.22 (11.99–76.17, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for liver cancer, 16.92 (8.73–32.78, I2 = 88%, n = 4) for gastrointestinal cancer, 7.56 (2.42–23.62, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for pancreatic cancer, 6.10 (4.19–8.87, I2 = 14%, n = 7) for colorectal cancer (CRC), 4.13 (2.99–5.71, I2 = 80%, n = 5) for total cancer, 3.55 (2.94–4.28, I2 = 46%, n = 5) for all-cause mortality, and 1.57 (0.25–9.69, I2 = 79%, n = 2) for cardiovascular disease. Strong positive associations were observed between PSC and risk of CCA, hepatobiliary cancer, liver cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, CRC, total cancer, and all-cause mortality, but not for cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2021
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2. Physical activity and the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Dagfinn Aune, Abhijit Sen, Elsa Kobeissi, Mark Hamer, Teresa Norat, and Elio Riboli
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The association between physical activity and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been inconsistent with some studies reporting a reduced risk while others have found no association. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to quantify the association. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 3 October 2020. Prospective studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with physical activity. Summary RRs (95% CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. Nine prospective studies (2073 cases, 409,732 participants) were included. The summary RR for high vs. low physical activity was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56–0.87, I2 = 58%) and per 20 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-hours/week increase of activity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74–0.95, I2 = 59%, n = 6). Although the test for nonlinearity was not significant (p = 0.09) the association appeared to be stronger when increasing the physical activity level from 0 to around 20–25 MET-hours/week than at higher levels. The current meta-analysis suggest that higher physical activity may reduce the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm, however, further studies are needed to clarify the dose–response relationship between different subtypes and intensities of activity and abdominal aortic aneurysm risk.
Published: 2020
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3. Physical activity and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Dagfinn Aune, Sabrina Schlesinger, Mark Hamer, Teresa Norat, and Elio Riboli
Subjects: Physical activity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Sudden cardiac death, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Background Physical activity has been associated with a significant reduction in risk of sudden cardiac death in epidemiological studies, however, the strength of the association needs clarification. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available data from population-based prospective studies. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of physical activity and sudden cardiac death from inception to March 26th 2019. Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sudden cardiac death associated with physical activity were included. A random effects model was used to estimate summary RRs (95% CIs). Results Thirteen prospective studies were included in the systematic review. Eight prospective studies with 1193 sudden cardiac deaths among 136,298 participants were included in the meta-analysis of physical activity and sudden cardiac death and the summary RR for highest vs. lowest level of physical activity was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.45–0.60, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.72). The association was similar in men and women and among American and European studies. In the dose-response analysis the summary RR was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55–0.86, I2 = 44%, n = 3) per 20 MET-hours/week. Although the test for nonlinearity was not significant, pnonlinearity = 0.18, there was no further reduction in risk beyond 20–25 MET-hours/week. The summary RR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41–0.81, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.65, n = 2) for the highest vs. the lowest level of cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggest that a high compared to a low level of physical activity may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in the general population. Further studies are needed to clarify the dose-response relationship between specific subtypes and intensities of physical activity in relation to sudden cardiac death.
Published: 2020
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4. Data from Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author: Elio Riboli, Heiner Boeing, Clare Pearson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Peter Wallström, Ulla Westin, Ingegerd Johansson, Göran Laurell, María-José Sánchez, José María Huerta, Eva Ardanaz, Nerea Larrañaga, Jose Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Elisabete Weiderpass, H. Bas. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Petra H.M. Peeters, Domenico Palli, Paolo Vineis, Rosario Tumino, Sara Grioni, Salavatore Panico, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rudolf Kaaks, Kuanrong Li, Heinz Freisling, Paul Brennan, Sylvie Mesrine, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Marc J. Gunter, Teresa Norat, Mattias Johansson, Annika Steffen, David C. Muller, Petra A. Wark, and Heather A. Ward
Abstract: Background: Emerging evidence from cohort studies indicates that adiposity is associated with greater incidence of head and neck cancer. However, most studies have used self-reported anthropometry which is prone to error.Methods: Among 363,094 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC) with measured anthropometry, there were 837 incident cases of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer risk was examined in relation to body mass index (BMI) [lean: 2, normal weight (reference): 22.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2, obese: ≥30 kg/m2], waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: Among men, a BMI < 22.5 kg/m2 was associated with higher head and neck cancer risk [HR 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.12)]; BMI was not associated with head and neck cancer among women. WC and WHR were associated with greater risk of head and neck cancer among women (WC per 5 cm: HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.15; WHR per 0.1 unit: HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.38–1.93). After stratification by smoking status, the association for WHR was present only among smokers (Pinteraction = 0.004). Among men, WC and WHR were associated with head and neck cancer only upon additional adjustment for BMI (WC per 5 cm: HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.26; WHR per 0.1 unit: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21–1.65).Conclusions: Central adiposity, particularly among women, may have a stronger association with head and neck cancer risk than previously estimated.Impact: Strategies to reduce obesity may beneficially impact head and neck cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 895–904. ©2017 AACR.
Published: 2023
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5. Supplementary Appendix 2 from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Author: Teresa Norat, Serge Hercberg, Elio Riboli, Ellen Kampman, Darren C. Greenwood, Rui Vieira, Dagfinn Aune, Rosa Lau, Doris S.M. Chan, and Mathilde Touvier
Abstract: Supplementary Appendix 2 from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Published: 2023
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6. Supplementary Table 2 from Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author: Elio Riboli, Heiner Boeing, Clare Pearson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Peter Wallström, Ulla Westin, Ingegerd Johansson, Göran Laurell, María-José Sánchez, José María Huerta, Eva Ardanaz, Nerea Larrañaga, Jose Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Elisabete Weiderpass, H. Bas. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Petra H.M. Peeters, Domenico Palli, Paolo Vineis, Rosario Tumino, Sara Grioni, Salavatore Panico, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rudolf Kaaks, Kuanrong Li, Heinz Freisling, Paul Brennan, Sylvie Mesrine, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Marc J. Gunter, Teresa Norat, Mattias Johansson, Annika Steffen, David C. Muller, Petra A. Wark, and Heather A. Ward
Abstract: Measures of adiposity and the risk of HNC among EPIC participants, by smoking status at baseline and second questionnaire
Published: 2023
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7. Supplementary Figure 1: Scatterplots of the associations between BMI (kg/m2) and WC (Fig 1a) and between BMI (kg/m2) and WHR (Fig 1b). from Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author: Elio Riboli, Heiner Boeing, Clare Pearson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Peter Wallström, Ulla Westin, Ingegerd Johansson, Göran Laurell, María-José Sánchez, José María Huerta, Eva Ardanaz, Nerea Larrañaga, Jose Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Elisabete Weiderpass, H. Bas. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Petra H.M. Peeters, Domenico Palli, Paolo Vineis, Rosario Tumino, Sara Grioni, Salavatore Panico, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rudolf Kaaks, Kuanrong Li, Heinz Freisling, Paul Brennan, Sylvie Mesrine, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Marc J. Gunter, Teresa Norat, Mattias Johansson, Annika Steffen, David C. Muller, Petra A. Wark, and Heather A. Ward
Abstract: Scatterplots of the associations between BMI (kg/m2) and WC (Fig 1a) and between BMI (kg/m2) and WHR (Fig 1b).
Published: 2023
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8. Supplementary Methods, Tables 1 - 6 from Alcohol Drinking and Second Primary Cancer Risk in Patients with Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

Author: Paule Latino-Martel, Serge Hercberg, Teresa Norat, Doris S.M. Chan, Mathilde Touvier, Youssouf Keita, and Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
Abstract: PDF file - 160K, Supplementary Material M1. PubMed Search Strategy. Supplementary Material M2. Embase Search Strategy. Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of cohort studies on alcohol consumption and second primary cancers. Supplementary Table S2. Characteristics of case-control studies on alcohol consumption and second primary cancers. Supplementary Table S3. Hazard ratios or relative risks of second primary cancers according to alcohol consumption in cohort studies. Supplementary Table S4. Odds ratios or relative risks of second primary cancers according to alcohol consumption in case-control studies. Supplementary Table S5. Subgroup analyses of alcohol drinking and UADT and lung second primary cancer risk. Supplementary Table S6. Subgroup analyses of alcohol drinking and all sites second primary cancer risk.
Published: 2023
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9. Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics and results of studies excluded from the dose-response meta-analysis of circulating CRP and breast cancer risk from Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Risk—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author: Teresa Norat, Darren C. Greenwood, Elisa V. Bandera, and Doris S.M. Chan
Abstract: Studies could not be included in the meta-analysis
Published: 2023
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10. Supplementary Methods from Genetic Polymorphisms in 15q25 and 19q13 Loci, Cotinine Levels, and Risk of Lung Cancer in EPIC

Author: Paul Brennan, Paolo Vineis, Elio Riboli, Göran Hallmans, Torgny Rasmuson, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico, Giovanna Masala, Vittorio Krogh, Teresa Norat, Valentina Gallo, Ruth C. Travis, Naomi E. Allen, Nick Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nerea Larrañaga, Maria-José Sánchez, Laudina Rodríguez, Jose-Maria Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Antonio Agudo, Petra H.M. Peeters, Carla van Gils, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Cornelia Weikert, Heiner Boeing, Birgit Teucher, Rudolf Kaaks, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Isabelle Romieu, Nadia Slimani, Ottar Nygård, Øivind Midttun, Stein Emil Vollset, Per Magne Ueland, Caroline Relton, Amélie Chabrier, Graham B. Byrnes, Mattias Johansson, Smith George Davey, James D. McKay, and Maria N. Timofeeva
Abstract: PDF file - 82K
Published: 2023
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11. Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Genetic Polymorphisms in 15q25 and 19q13 Loci, Cotinine Levels, and Risk of Lung Cancer in EPIC

Author: Paul Brennan, Paolo Vineis, Elio Riboli, Göran Hallmans, Torgny Rasmuson, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico, Giovanna Masala, Vittorio Krogh, Teresa Norat, Valentina Gallo, Ruth C. Travis, Naomi E. Allen, Nick Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nerea Larrañaga, Maria-José Sánchez, Laudina Rodríguez, Jose-Maria Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Antonio Agudo, Petra H.M. Peeters, Carla van Gils, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Cornelia Weikert, Heiner Boeing, Birgit Teucher, Rudolf Kaaks, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Isabelle Romieu, Nadia Slimani, Ottar Nygård, Øivind Midttun, Stein Emil Vollset, Per Magne Ueland, Caroline Relton, Amélie Chabrier, Graham B. Byrnes, Mattias Johansson, Smith George Davey, James D. McKay, and Maria N. Timofeeva
Abstract: PDF file - 57K
Published: 2023
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12. Data from Genetic Polymorphisms in 15q25 and 19q13 Loci, Cotinine Levels, and Risk of Lung Cancer in EPIC

Author: Paul Brennan, Paolo Vineis, Elio Riboli, Göran Hallmans, Torgny Rasmuson, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico, Giovanna Masala, Vittorio Krogh, Teresa Norat, Valentina Gallo, Ruth C. Travis, Naomi E. Allen, Nick Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nerea Larrañaga, Maria-José Sánchez, Laudina Rodríguez, Jose-Maria Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Antonio Agudo, Petra H.M. Peeters, Carla van Gils, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Cornelia Weikert, Heiner Boeing, Birgit Teucher, Rudolf Kaaks, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Isabelle Romieu, Nadia Slimani, Ottar Nygård, Øivind Midttun, Stein Emil Vollset, Per Magne Ueland, Caroline Relton, Amélie Chabrier, Graham B. Byrnes, Mattias Johansson, Smith George Davey, James D. McKay, and Maria N. Timofeeva
Abstract: Backgrounds: Multiple polymorphisms affecting smoking behavior have been identified through genome-wide association studies. Circulating levels of the nicotine metabolite cotinine is a marker of recent smoking exposure. Hence, genetic variants influencing smoking behavior are expected to be associated with cotinine levels.Methods: We conducted an analysis in a lung cancer case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. We investigated the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) previously associated with smoking behavior on (i) circulating cotinine and (ii) lung cancer risk. A total of 894 cases and 1,805 controls were analyzed for cotinine and genotyped for 10 polymorphisms on 7p14, 8p11, 10q23, 15q25, and 19q13.Results: Two variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 on 15q25, rs16969968 and rs578776, were associated with cotinine (P = 0.001 and 0.03, respectively) in current smokers and with lung cancer risk (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Two 19q13 variants, rs7937 and rs4105144, were associated with increased cotinine (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively) but decreased lung cancer risk (P = 0.01 for both, after adjusting for cotinine). Variants in 7p14, 8p11, and 10q23 were not associated with cotinine or lung cancer risk.Conclusions: 15q25 and 19q13 SNPs were associated with circulating cotinine. The directions of association for 15q25 variants with cotinine were in accordance with that expected of lung cancer risk, whereas SNPs on 19q13 displayed contrasting associations of cotinine and lung cancer that require further investigation.Impact: This study is the largest to date investigating the effects of polymorphisms affecting smoking behavior on lung cancer risk using circulating cotinine measures as proxies for recent smoking behavior. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(10); 2250–61. ©2011 AACR.
Published: 2023
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13. Supplementary Table 3: Measures of adiposity and the risk of HNC in the EPIC study, excluding Oxford participants with calibrated self-reported anthropometry from Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author: Elio Riboli, Heiner Boeing, Clare Pearson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Peter Wallström, Ulla Westin, Ingegerd Johansson, Göran Laurell, María-José Sánchez, José María Huerta, Eva Ardanaz, Nerea Larrañaga, Jose Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Elisabete Weiderpass, H. Bas. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Petra H.M. Peeters, Domenico Palli, Paolo Vineis, Rosario Tumino, Sara Grioni, Salavatore Panico, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rudolf Kaaks, Kuanrong Li, Heinz Freisling, Paul Brennan, Sylvie Mesrine, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Marc J. Gunter, Teresa Norat, Mattias Johansson, Annika Steffen, David C. Muller, Petra A. Wark, and Heather A. Ward
Abstract: Measures of adiposity and the risk of HNC in the EPIC study, excluding Oxford participants with calibrated self-reported anthropometry
Published: 2023
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14. Supplementary Appendix 1 from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Author: Teresa Norat, Serge Hercberg, Elio Riboli, Ellen Kampman, Darren C. Greenwood, Rui Vieira, Dagfinn Aune, Rosa Lau, Doris S.M. Chan, and Mathilde Touvier
Abstract: Supplementary Appendix 1 from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Published: 2023
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15. Supplementary Figure S1. Funnel plots of studies on circulating CRP concentration and breast cancer risk from Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Risk—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author: Teresa Norat, Darren C. Greenwood, Elisa V. Bandera, and Doris S.M. Chan
Abstract: Funnel plots of studies on circulating CRP concentration and breast cancer risk A. Studies included in the overall analysis B. Studies included in the analysis of post-menopausal women
Published: 2023
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16. Data from Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Risk—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author: Teresa Norat, Darren C. Greenwood, Elisa V. Bandera, and Doris S.M. Chan
Abstract: We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the association between circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), a low-grade inflammation biomarker, and breast cancer risk. Relevant prospective studies in women were identified in PubMed and Web of Science until February 2015. Random-effects dose–response meta-analysis was conducted, overall and in postmenopausal women. Twelve out of 15 studies identified were included in the meta-analysis on any breast cancers (3,522 cases; 69,610 women) and nine on postmenopausal breast cancer (2,516 cases; 36,847 women). For each doubling of CRP concentration, a 7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2%–12%] and 6% (95% CI, 1%–11%) increased risk was observed (I2 = 47% and 32%; Pheterogeneity = 0.04 and 0.17), respectively. The association was linear over most of the range of CRP concentrations. Positive associations remained in the studies that examined the exclusion of early years of follow-up. Associations were attenuated in studies adjusted for lifestyle factors, which partly explained the significant heterogeneity between studies in the overall analysis. On average, the associations in studies adjusted or not adjusted for body mass index were similar. Low-grade inflammation may have a role in breast cancer development. Additional prospective studies are needed to better understand confounding and effect modification from lifestyle factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1439–49. ©2015 AACR.
Published: 2023
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17. Data from Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, VDR and CASR Polymorphisms, and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Western European Populations

Author: Mazda Jenab, Dora Romaguera, Petra A. Wark, James McKay, Isabelle Romieu, Nick Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Francesca Crowe, Timothy J. Key, Göran Hallmans, Richard Palmqvist, Catalina Bonet, Miren Dorronsoro, Maria José Sánchez, Jose Ramón Quirós, Aurelio Barricarte, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Magritt Brustad, Guri Skeie, Petra H. Peeters, Peter D. Siersema, Rosario Tumino, Domenico Palli, Salvatore Panico, Paolo Vineis, Sara Grioni, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Vassiliki Benetou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Heiner Boeing, Birgit Teucher, Annekatrin Lukanova, Antoine Racine, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Kim Overvad, Christina C. Dahm, Eugène H.J.M. Jansen, Teresa Norat, Fränzel J.B. van Duijnhoven, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anja Olsen, Pietro Ferrari, Anne Tjønneland, Elio Riboli, and Veronika Fedirko
Abstract: Background: Individuals with higher blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), but the influence of 25(OH)D on mortality after CRC diagnosis is unknown.Methods: The association between prediagnostic 25(OH)D levels and CRC-specific (N = 444) and overall mortality (N = 541) was prospectively examined among 1,202 participants diagnosed with CRC between 1992 and 2003 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and corresponding 95% CIs according to 25(OH)D quintiles and genetic variation within the VDR and CASR genes. Potential dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic effect modifiers were also investigated.Results: There were 541 deaths, 444 (82%) due to CRC. Mean follow-up was 73 months. In multivariable analysis, higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with a statistically significant reduction in CRC-specific (Ptrend = 0.04) and overall mortality (Ptrend = 0.01). Participants with 25(OH)D levels in the highest quintile had an adjusted HR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.50–0.93) for CRC-specific mortality and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.50–0.88) for overall mortality, compared with the lowest quintile. Except for a possible interaction by prediagnostic dietary calcium intake (Pinteraction = 0.01), no other potential modifying factors related to CRC survival were noted. The VDR (FokI and BsmI) and CASR (rs1801725) genotypes were not associated with survival.Conclusions: High prediagnostic 25(OH)D levels are associated with improved survival of patients with CRC.Impact: Our findings may stimulate further research directed at investigating the effects of blood vitamin D levels before, at, and after CRC diagnosis on outcomes in CRC patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 582–93. ©2012 AACR.
Published: 2023
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18. Supplementary Table S2 List of studies included in the subgroup meta-analyses of circulating C-reactive protein and breast cancer risk from Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Risk—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author: Teresa Norat, Darren C. Greenwood, Elisa V. Bandera, and Doris S.M. Chan
Abstract: References of studies included in the subgroup meta-analyses
Published: 2023
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19. Data from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Author: Teresa Norat, Serge Hercberg, Elio Riboli, Ellen Kampman, Darren C. Greenwood, Rui Vieira, Dagfinn Aune, Rosa Lau, Doris S.M. Chan, and Mathilde Touvier
Abstract: Background: Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on colorectal cancer (CRC) and vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status, as part of the World Cancer Research Fund Continuous Update Project. We also aimed at conducting meta-analysis of all studies on CRC and vitamin D receptor (VDR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms.Methods: Relevant studies were identified in PubMed (up to June 2010). Inclusion criteria were original and peer-reviewed publications with a prospective design (for studies on vitamin D intake or status). Random effects of dose-response meta-analyses were performed on cancer incidence.Results: We observed inverse associations of CRC risk with dietary vitamin D [summary relative risk (RR) per 100 IU/day = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98; 10 studies; range of intake (midpoints) = 39–719 IU/day] and serum/plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (RR per 100 IU/L = 0.96, 0.94–0.97; 6 studies; range = 200–1,800 IU/L), but not with total vitamin D (5 studies). Supplemental (2 studies; range = 0–600 IU/day) and total (4 studies; range = 79–732 IU/day) vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status (6 studies; range = 200–1,800 IU/L) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. We did not observe statistically significant associations between FokI, PolyA, TaqI, Cdx2, and ApaI VDR polymorphisms and CRC risk. The BsmI polymorphism was associated with a lower CRC risk (RR = 0.57, 0.36–0.89 for BB versus bb, 8 studies).Conclusions: These meta-analyses support the evidence of an inverse association between vitamin D intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D status, and the BsmI VDR polymorphism and CRC risk.Impact: Improving vitamin D status could be potentially beneficial against CRC incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1003–16. ©2011 AACR.
Published: 2023
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20. Supplementary Table 1: Measures of adiposity and the risk of HNC among EPIC participants, including adjustment for weight change after baseline from Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author: Elio Riboli, Heiner Boeing, Clare Pearson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Peter Wallström, Ulla Westin, Ingegerd Johansson, Göran Laurell, María-José Sánchez, José María Huerta, Eva Ardanaz, Nerea Larrañaga, Jose Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Elisabete Weiderpass, H. Bas. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Petra H.M. Peeters, Domenico Palli, Paolo Vineis, Rosario Tumino, Sara Grioni, Salavatore Panico, Pagona Lagiou, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rudolf Kaaks, Kuanrong Li, Heinz Freisling, Paul Brennan, Sylvie Mesrine, Guy Fagherazzi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Marc J. Gunter, Teresa Norat, Mattias Johansson, Annika Steffen, David C. Muller, Petra A. Wark, and Heather A. Ward
Abstract: Measures of adiposity and the risk of HNC among EPIC participants, including adjustment for weight change after baseline
Published: 2023
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21. Postdiagnosis body fatness, recreational physical activity, dietary factors and breast cancer prognosis : Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) summary of evidence grading

Author: Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Margarita Cariolou, Nerea Becerra‐Tomás, Katia Balducci, Rita Vieira, Leila Abar, Dagfinn Aune, Georgios Markozannes, Neesha Nanu, Darren C. Greenwood, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marc J. Gunter, Alan A. Jackson, Ellen Kampman, Vivien Lund, Kate Allen, Nigel T. Brockton, Helen Croker, Daphne Katsikioti, Deirdre McGinley‐Gieser, Panagiota Mitrou, Martin Wiseman, Amanda J. Cross, Elio Riboli, Steven K. Clinton, Anne McTiernan, Teresa Norat, and Doris S. M. Chan
Subjects: Cancer Research, Nutrition and Disease, Oncology, Voeding en Ziekte, breast cancer survival, evidence grading, body fatness, physical activity, diet, VLAG
Abstract: Based on the Global Cancer Update Programme, formally known as the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project, we performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses to investigate the association of postdiagnosis body fatness, physical activity and dietary factors with breast cancer prognosis. We searched PubMed and Embase for randomised controlled trials and longitudinal observational studies from inception to 31 October 2021. We calculated summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects meta-analyses. An independent Expert Panel graded the quality of evidence according to predefined criteria. The evidence on postdiagnosis body fatness and higher all-cause mortality (RR per 5 kg/m2 in body mass index: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), breast cancer-specific mortality (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.14) and second primary breast cancer (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26) was graded as strong (likelihood of causality: probable). The evidence for body fatness and breast cancer recurrence and other nonbreast cancer-related mortality was graded as limited (likelihood of causality: limited-suggestive). The evidence on recreational physical activity and lower risk of all-cause (RR per 10 metabolic equivalent of task-hour/week: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.92) and breast cancer-specific mortality (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.96) was judged as limited-suggestive. Data on dietary factors was limited, and no conclusions could be reached except for healthy dietary patterns, isoflavone and dietary fibre intake and serum 25(OH)D concentrations that were graded with limited-suggestive evidence for lower risk of the examined outcomes. Our results encourage the development of lifestyle recommendations for breast cancer patients to avoid obesity and be physically active.
Published: 2023

22. Postdiagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Author: Nerea Becerra‐Tomás, Katia Balducci, Leila Abar, Dagfinn Aune, Margarita Cariolou, Darren C. Greenwood, Georgios Markozannes, Neesha Nanu, Rita Vieira, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marc J. Gunter, Alan A. Jackson, Ellen Kampman, Vivien Lund, Kate Allen, Nigel T. Brockton, Helen Croker, Daphne Katsikioti, Deirdre McGinley‐Gieser, Panagiota Mitrou, Martin Wiseman, Amanda J. Cross, Elio Riboli, Steven K. Clinton, Anne McTiernan, Teresa Norat, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, and Doris S. M. Chan
Subjects: Cancer Research, Nutrition and Disease, systematic review, Oncology, food, Voeding en Ziekte, breast cancer survival, evidence grading, diet, VLAG
Abstract: Little is known about how diet might influence breast cancer prognosis. The current systematic reviews and meta-analyses summarise the evidence on postdiagnosis dietary factors and breast cancer outcomes from randomised controlled trials and longitudinal observational studies. PubMed and Embase were searched through 31st October 2021. Random-effects linear dose-response meta-analysis was conducted when at least three studies with sufficient information were available. The quality of the evidence was evaluated by an independent Expert Panel. We identified 108 publications. No meta-analysis was conducted for dietary patterns, vegetables, wholegrains, fish, meat, and supplements due to few studies, often with insufficient data. Meta-analysis was only possible for all-cause mortality with dairy, isoflavone, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, alcohol intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and for breast cancer-specific mortality with fruit, dairy, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fat, fibre, alcohol intake and serum 25(OH)D. The results, with few exceptions, were generally null. There was limited-suggestive evidence that predefined dietary patterns may reduce the risk of all-cause and other causes of death; that isoflavone intake reduces the risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk (RR) per 2 mg/day: 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.02), breast cancer-specific mortality (RR for high vs low: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.64-1.07), and recurrence (RR for high vs low: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.92); that dietary fibre intake decreases all-cause mortality (RR per 10 g/day: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.94); and that serum 25(OH)D is inversely associated with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality (RR per 10 nmol/L: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97 and 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99, respectively). The remaining associations were graded as limited-no conclusion.
Published: 2022

23. Physical activity and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, Sabrina Schlesinger, Dagfinn Aune, and Mark Hamer
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, Sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthy Lifestyle, Cardiorespiratory fitness, education, Prospective cohort study, Exercise, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Physical activity, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Meta-analysis, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, lcsh:RC666-701, Relative risk, Systematic review, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Research Article
Abstract: Background Physical activity has been associated with a significant reduction in risk of sudden cardiac death in epidemiological studies, however, the strength of the association needs clarification. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available data from population-based prospective studies. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of physical activity and sudden cardiac death from inception to March 26th 2019. Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sudden cardiac death associated with physical activity were included. A random effects model was used to estimate summary RRs (95% CIs). Results Thirteen prospective studies were included in the systematic review. Eight prospective studies with 1193 sudden cardiac deaths among 136,298 participants were included in the meta-analysis of physical activity and sudden cardiac death and the summary RR for highest vs. lowest level of physical activity was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.45–0.60, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.72). The association was similar in men and women and among American and European studies. In the dose-response analysis the summary RR was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55–0.86, I2 = 44%, n = 3) per 20 MET-hours/week. Although the test for nonlinearity was not significant, pnonlinearity = 0.18, there was no further reduction in risk beyond 20–25 MET-hours/week. The summary RR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41–0.81, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.65, n = 2) for the highest vs. the lowest level of cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggest that a high compared to a low level of physical activity may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in the general population. Further studies are needed to clarify the dose-response relationship between specific subtypes and intensities of physical activity in relation to sudden cardiac death.
Published: 2020
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24. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the 2007 WCRF/AICR score in relation to cancer-related health outcomes

Author: D.S.M. Chan, Panagiota N. Mitrou, Teresa Norat, Marta Solans, and Dora Romaguera
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Financial Management, Colorectal cancer, humanos, Population, gestión financiera, physical activity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, estudios prospectivos, Internal medicine, Mortalitat, medicine, Humans, factores de riesgo, cancer, Prospective Studies, Mortality, education, Cancer, neoplasias, education.field_of_study, Cancer prevention, business.industry, Hematology, medicine.disease, mortality, meta-analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Relative risk, Meta-analysis, calidad de vida, Cohort, Quality of Life, diet, business, estudios transversales, 2007 WCRF/AICR recommendations
Abstract: Background: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies investigating adherence to the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and health outcomes. Patients and methods: We searched PubMed and the in-house database of the WCRF Continuous Update Project for publications up to June 2019. Cross-sectional studies were only narratively reviewed given their heterogeneity while findings of cohort/case-control studies were synthesized in umbrella reviews and meta-analyses. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a random-effects model when at least two studies reported results on a specific outcome. Results: Thirty-eight articles (17 prospective, 8 case-control, and 13 cross-sectional studies) were included. The summary RR per each point increment in the 2007 WCRF/AICR score was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93, n = 11) for breast cancer, regardless of hormone receptor and menopausal status, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82-0.89, n = 10) for colorectal cancer, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.96, n = 2) for lung cancer risk. No statistically significant associations were reported for prostate (n = 6) and pancreatic cancers (n = 2). Adherence to the recommendations was associated with lower overall mortality (RR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.96, n = 3) and cancer-specific mortality (RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.92; n = 3) in healthy populations, as well as with higher survival in cancer patients (n = 2). In cross-sectional studies, a healthier plasma marker profile and lower cancer risk factors in the general population and a better health status and quality of life in cancer patients/survivors were reported. Conclusions: Adhering to the 2007 WCRF/AICR recommendations is associated with lower risks of cancer incidence, namely breast and colorectal cancers, and mortality. Primary prevention of cancer should emphasize modification of multiple lifestyle factors. Upcoming studies examining the recently updated 2018 guidelines will further clarify such associations., This work was supported by the Biomedical Research Center Network of Epidemiology and Public Health [MS, no grant number] and the World Cancer Research Fund International [grant number 2007/SP01].
Published: 2020
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25. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Luxia Zhang, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Kairit Mikkel, Tiina Vlasoff, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Ilona Nenko, Magdalena Klimek, Mathilde Savy, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Luís Lopes, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Jacqueline F. Price, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Maria Lc Iurilli, Rainford J. Wilks, Bontha V. Babu, Fereidoun Azizi, Harunobu Nakamura, Marialaura Bonaccio, Angela Döring, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Clive Osmond, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robert J. Adams, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Shoichiro Tsugane, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Bahram Mohajer, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lital Keinan Boker, Eero Kajantie, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Sumit Bharadwaj, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Zbigniew Gaciong, Nayu Ikeda, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Marc J. Gunter, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Eman Aly, Ambady Ramachandran, Nils Lehmann, Soile E. Puhakka, Giovanni Veronesi, Hongsheng Bi, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Per Tynelius, José María Huerta, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Hanno Ulmer, Shukri F. Mohamed, Anthony Kafatos, Suyeon Park, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Bin Zhou, May Soe Aung, Lars Bo Andersen, Erfan Ghasemi, René Charles Sylva, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Luc Dauchet, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Valérie Deschamps, Ko Ko Zaw, Peter Vollenweider, Tomas Vega, Yves Martin-Prével, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Roman Topor-Madry, Vinay Nangia, Herculina S. Kruger, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Cecilia Björkelund, Tatjana Hejgaard, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Dermot O'Reilly, Bahareh Kheiri, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Günther Fink, José R. Banegas, Michele Monroy-Valle, Drude Molbo, Mahmudur Rahman, Hynek Pikhart, Rafael N. Pichardo, Massimo Salvetti, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Katsuyasu Kouda, Joana Carvalho, Gailute Bernotiene, Hannu Uusitalo, Thein Thein Htay, Felix Kaducu, Maigeng Zhou, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Michel Joffres, Sabina Zambon, Ronald D. Gregor, Vayia Rarra, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Loreto Santa Marina, Galina Obreja, Rudolf Kaaks, Aya Mostafa, Maria do Carmo Franco, Beata Gurzkowska, Chien-Jen Chen, Marie Moitry, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Xiangjun Wang, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Imperia Brajkovich, Fangfang Chen, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Holly E. Syddall, Cecily Kelleher, Michael Tornaritis, Ningli Wang, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, María José Tormo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Norbert Amougou, Emmanuella Magriplis, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Jingli Gao, Stig E. Bojesen, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Lauren Lissner, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Sanjay Rampal, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Annamari Lundqvist, Philippe Amouyel, Kristyna Zejglicova, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Vilma Irazola, Leng Huat Foo, Óscar Lopes, Dickman Gareta, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Ruzena Kubinova, Terho Lehtimäki, Mario V. Capanzana, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Shuohua Chen, Arvind Pandey, Luigi Palmieri, Roya Kelishadi, Srinivasan Kannan, Jie Mi, Robert Beaglehole, Liliana Dacica, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Peter Ueda, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Hermann Pohlabeln, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Henry Völzke, Karolina Milkowska, Zahra Mohammadi, Belgin Ünal, Magda Gasull, George S. Stergiou, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Seppo Koskinen, James E. Bennett, Marcela González-Gross, Virginija Dulskiene, Idris Guessous, Assembekov Batyrbek, Kamarul Imran Musa, Jeannette Lee, Josep Redon, Bihungum Bista, Luisa M Macieira, Johan Sundström, Andres Metspalu, Lariane M Ono, Flora A. Ukoli, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Andrea Gualtieri, Trevor S. Ferguson, Félicité Tchibindat, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tuyen D Le, Alison J. Hayes, Abdul Basit, Chandini Nekkantti, Teresa Norat, Eunice Ugel, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Garry L. Jennings, Aline Meirhaeghe, Kaare Christensen, Päivi Mäki, Xu Lin, Ali Esmaeili, Joanna Baran, Aneta Grajda, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Martin Bobak, Iuliia A Rusakova, Keiu Nelis, Damian K Francis, Guansheng Ma, Axel C. Carlsson, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Marcia Scazufca, Katharina Maruszczak, Natascia Rinaldo, Paulo A. Lotufo, Nuno Lunet, Thor Aspelund, Caroline H.D. Fall, Antonio Cabrera de León, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Holger Theobald, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan, Pedro Marques-Vidal, William A. Neal, Mihai Gafencu, Tandi E. Matsha, Ana B. Crujeiras, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Alain Morejon, Weili Yan, Dominique Hange, Bekbolat Zholdin, Frédéric Gottrand, Jorge Mota, Jana Námešná, Stevo Popovic, Louise Eriksen, Line Lund Kårhus, Cihangir Erem, Juergen Breckenkamp, Mathilde Kersting, Yi Song, Martin McKee, Aleksandra Gomula, Rafaela Rosário, Enzo Manzato, S. Goya Wannamethee, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Azim Nejatizadeh, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Juan P. González-Rivas, Vedrana Sember, Stephen T. McGarvey, Jukka T. Salonen, Patrick Pasquet, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Amelia C. Crampin, Ramin Heshmat, Violeta Iotova, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Oye Gureje, Aletta E. Schutte, João Luiz Bastos, Anelise Reis Gaya, Konrad Jamrozik, Dalia Luksiene, Amina Barkat, Maria Paula Santos, José Camolas, Azli Baharudin, Diego Vanuzzo, Doris Stöckl, Rosalynn Siantar, Jouko Saramies, Albertino Damasceno, Davood Khalili, Simona Bo, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Dominique Cottel, Markku Peltonen, Fikru Tullu, Ana Isabel Rito, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés, Annette J. Dobson, Christopher T. Cowell, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Farahnaz Joukar, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Mostafa Qorbani, Jeongseon Kim, Helmut Schröder, Machi Suka, Natasja M. van Schoor, Jussi Kauhanen, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Goodarz Danaei, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Yong Tao, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Kazem Mohammad, Yanina Zócalo, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Jianfeng Wu, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Monika Zuziak, Eldridge Ferrer, Anette Varbo, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Kenneth James, Elena Sacchini, Pascal Bovet, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Tania Lopez, Ya Xing Wang, Wojciech Drygas, Jody C Miller, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Maria Elisa Zapata, Chung T Nguyen, Nimmathota Arlappa, Edwige Landais, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jeannette Klimont, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Jost B. Jonas, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Bahman Cheraghian, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Bo Werner, M. Arfan Ikram, Breige A. McNulty, Christa Meisinger, Clara Homs, Namuna Shrestha, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Alicia Matijasevich, Alison J Price, Ala'a Alkerwi, Kristine H. Allin, Lorenza Pilotto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Marianna Noale, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Peter Willeit, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Freda Pitakaka, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Savvas C. Savva, Rajeev Gupta, Jennifer Servais, Cristina Padez, Sarah P. Garnett, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Jonathan Giovannelli, Christina Howitt, Marleen E. Hendriks, Fadia AlBuhairan, Huashuai Chen, Gretchen A Stevens, Luís B. Sardinha, David Goltzman, Jenny M. Kindblom, Karina Mary de Paiva, Yousef Khader, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Rajendra Pradeepa, Yi-Ting Lin, Martin Neovius, Juan Francisco Miquel, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Anil Poudyal, Marzieh Katibeh, Tanja Stocks, Veronica Mocanu, Ulla Roggenbuck, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Mary Simon, Christine Cameron, Hamid Hakimi, Kamel Ajlouni, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Iulia Jurca Simina, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Frederick C. W. Wu, Peter Kristensen, Charles Mondo, Felix Gutzwiller, Mariana Sbaraini, Martijn Huisman, Betina H. Thuesen, Queenie Chan, Antonisamy Belavendra, Artur Mazur, Ulf Ekelund, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Yves Kameli, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Hossein Poustchi, Farid Najafi, Giovanni de Gaetano, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Matthias Bopp, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Rod Jackson, Johan Van der Heyden, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Allan G. Hill, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Stela McLachlan, Ulrike Gehring, Ranko Stevanovic, Nagalla Balakrishna, Lekhraj Rampal, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Saeid Eslami, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, G. K. Mini, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Rosemarie Martin, Nahla Hwalla, Wei Zheng, Hoang Van Minh, Edward D Janus, Laetitia Huiart, Farhad Pourfarzi, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Fred Paccaud, Marcia Makdisse, Aye Aye Sein, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Yang Yang, Anneke Blokstra, Henrike Galenkamp, Jaume Marrugat, Nazan Yardim, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Jesús Ibarluzea, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Laura Lauria, Argyro Karakosta, Dragana P Jovic, Jun Hata, Elio Riboli, Piotr Bandosz, Xun Tang, Parvina Mukhtorova, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Anne Tjønneland, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Aleksandra Piwońska, Dusan Grafnetter, Mette Rasmussen, Daniel Weghuber, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Martine Vrijheid, Johann Willeit, Motahareh Kheradmand, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Lechaba Tshepo, Dongfeng Gu, Hyeon Chang Kim, Vilmundur Gudnason, Maria Forsner, Peter Bjerregaard, Leon A. Simons, Rachael McLean, Japhet Killewo, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Y Nikitin, Eng Joo Tan, Jean Claude Mbanya, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Renata Kuciene, Kairat Davletov, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Guy De Backer, Soheir H Ahmed, Nicholas J. Wareham, Sai Yin Ho, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Maria Hassapidou, Iris Pigeot, Myriam Galfo, Susana Cararo Confortin, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Catterina Ferreccio, Fabio Galvano, Leila Houti, Daniel Bia, Annika Rosengren, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Fernando Rigo, Angela Spinelli, Scott B. McLean, Shirin Djalalinia, Marie Kunešová, Boban Mugoša, Sania Nishtar, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Helle-Mai Loit, Antonis Zampelas, Altan Onat, Maciej Banach, Shohreh Naderimagham, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Yin Guo, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Parasmani Dasgupta, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Inge Huybrechts, Raimund Erbel, Jari Jokelainen, Ana P. Ortiz, Stefan Kiechl, Emmanuel Cohen, Caleb Ochimana, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Laura Censi, Iqbal Bata, Geetha R Menon, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Domenico Palli, Ana Azevedo, Slawomir Koziel, Benoît Salanave, Parinaz Mehdipour, Shu Ti Chiou, Lela Sturua, Lubica Ticha, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Jin Soo Moon, Ming-Hui Zhao, Urho M. Kujala, Nathalie Michels, Ertugrul Celikcan, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Judith Benedics, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Agnès Le Port, Reza Homayounfar, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Tai Hing Lam, Yn-Tz Sung, Jürgen König, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Karen Morgan, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Cynthia M. Pérez, Ilse Khouw, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Dong Wook Shin, Genc Burazeri, Ausra Petrauskiene, Charles Sossa Jérome, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, José Boggia, Daniela Galeone, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Han Cg Kemper, Rahman Shiri, Stefaan Demarest, Else Karin Grøholt, San-Lin You, Adelheid Weber, Juha Auvinen, Aida Pilav, Sibel Gogen, Suzanne N Morin, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Hana Zamrazilová, Frank Claessens, Karien Stronks, Helen Gonçalves, Tahir Aris, Luis Revilla, Sérgio Viana Peixoto, Zhamilya Battakova, Jing Liu, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Priscilla Duboz, Sandjaja, Tiina Laatikainen, Rafel Ramos, Sareh Eghtesad, Judith Simons, Orn Olafsson, E. Shyong Tai, Louise A. Baur, Nihal Thomas, Aung Soe Htet, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Paul Elliott, Soon-Woo Park, Angel R. Gonzalez, Ying-Wei Wang, Rob M. van Dam, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Ludmila Sevcikova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Lynell V Maniego, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Maria Dorobantu, Giovanni Viegi, Xiaoguang Yang, Honor Bixby, Prakash C. Gupta, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Eugene Sobngwi, Ričardas Radišauskas, Jurate Medzioniene, Roy A Wong-McClure, Kim F. Michaelsen, Antonia Trichopoulou, Tania Tello, Francesco Branca, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Els Clays, Wei-Yen Lim, Suzanne C. Ho, Toomas Veidebaum, Rebecca Goldsmith, Margot González-León, Matthias Nauck, Alibek Mereke, Marta Buoncristiano, Jakob Tarp, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Anne Juolevi, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Jordi Sunyer, Manu Raj, Chaoqiang Jiang, Sofia Malyutina, Efthymios Kapantais, Maria Lazo-Porras, Maung Maung Than Htike, Michael Hobbs, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Merike Liivak, Johan G. Eriksson, Margarita Samoutian, Andreia N. Pizarro, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jean Woo, Kaspar Staub, Maria Teresa Menzano, Mojtaba Farjam, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Mohammad El-khateeb, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Oscar Noboa, Thomas Waldhör, Garry Brian, Simona Costanzo, Frank Tanser, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Michelle Cilia, Ivo Rakovac, Bill Stavreski, Ioannis Pagkalos, Ivan Pećin, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Yuna He, Matsuda Fumihiko, Bharathi Viswanathan, Ali Reza Safarpour, Wei Cheng Lo, Abdullatif Husseini, Jiang He, Liv Elin Torheim, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Aicha Soumare, Astrid Petersmann, Tomasz Grodzicki, Davide Noto, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Kelias P. Msyamboza, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Eha Nurk, Bhawesh Koirala, Ana Jelakovic, Suhad Bahijri, Freja B Kampmann, Qi Sheng You, Marika Ferrari, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Aline Wagner, Olfa Saidi, Anwar Batieha, Eduardo Capuano, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Dong Wook Kim, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Tom Wilsgaard, Maria Avdicova, Moesijanti Soekatri, Chiara Donfrancesco, Salim Mohanna, Paola Russo, Uruwan Yamborisut, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Martin Nankap, Allan Linneberg, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Kirsten Mehlig, Christina Mavrogianni, Raluca Pop, Lèlita Santos, Graziella Bruno, Valentina Peterkova, Iná S. Santos, Georg Lappas, Alberto Palloni, Malay K. Mridha, Andrzej Pajak, Marta García-Solano, Stefaan De Henauw, Daniel Ferrante, Rute Santos, Anders Grøntved, Lucjan Szponar, Mihaela Vladulescu, Chien-An Sun, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Maria Nordendahl, Elaine M. Dennison, Jeonghee Lee, Diego Salmerón, Ida Maria Schmidt, Gao Pei, Noushin Mohammadifard, Igor Spiroski, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Xu Ma, Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd, Valéria Regecová, Cláudia S. Minderico, Johanna A. Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Vesselka Duleva, Rui Ornelas, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Cesar G. Victora, Lijuan Liu, Rody G. Sy, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ali Ahmadi, Antonio Pedro Graça, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Miao Li Chee, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Pawel Kurjata, Jardena J. Puder, Mehrdad Azmin, Neil Murphy, Kaosar Afsana, Alireza Sadjadi, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Prashant Mathur, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Yannis Manios, Majid Shirani, Rosemary B. Duda, Liis Nelis, Jurate Klumbiene, Zhengming Chen, Wichai Aekplakorn, Alun Evans, Andrzej Wiecek, Lars Lind, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Bernardo L. Horta, Macia Enguerran, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Kumiko Ohara, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Hermann Brenner, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Espen Bjertness, Jutta Stieber, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Joel G. R. Roy, Aryeh D. Stein, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Vera Musil, Amaneh Shayanrad, Marcel Goldberg, Ramon O. Jimenez, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Jolanda Hyska, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Elin Kolle, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Michelle Holdsworth, Felipe F. Casanueva, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Niels Wedderkopp, Eva Corpeleijn, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Antonio Mistretta, Daniel Lemogoum, Larissa Pruner Marques, Slavica Sović, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Alexandra Cucu, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Janine Clarke, Andrea Gazzinelli, Mieczysław Litwin, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Dimitrios Papandreou, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Ben Schöttker, Prabhdeep Kaur, Norlaila Mustafa, Shariq Rashid Masoodi, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Adolfo Rubinstein, Francis Delpeuch, Julianne Williams, Abbas Dehghan, Leanne M. Riley, Heloisa Bettiol, Gabriele Nagel, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Alisha N. Wade, Zhamyila Usupova, Arnaud Chiolero, Oonagh Markey, Jacqueline Ramke, Elena Bogova, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Nguyen D Nguyen, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Rômulo Araújo Fernandes, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Nalan Uysal, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Krista Fischer, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Ramiro Guerrero, Farnam Mohebi, Tran Quoc Bao, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Salim Berkinbayev, Enisa Kujundzic, Sari Voutilainen, Farzad Hadaegh, Robert Lundqvist, Saeid Safiri, Iraj Mohebbi, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Annette Peters, Gonzalo Valdivia, Magdalena Korzycka, Rajiv T Erasmus, Masanori Iwasaki, Charmaine A. Duante, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Quang Ngoc La, Ricky Eddie, Petra Rust, Daniela Rodrigues, Dirk De Bacquer, Karen Sparrenberger, Agneta Sjöberg, Thet Thet Mu, Katarzyna Dereń, Cora L. Craig, Jorge Motta, Janina Petkeviciene, Boyd Swinburn, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Visnja Djordjic, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Pradeep Joshi, Daan Kromhout, Marius B. Bjertness, Stefano Marventano, Juel Jarani, Alireza Khosravi, Eva Martos, David De Ridder, Lizzy M. Brewster, Nico Dragano, Liam Smeeth, Kenji Shibuya, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Hashem Jaddou, Grzegorz Sobek, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Abu Am Hanif, Elaine M. Murtagh, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Graziella D'Arrigo, Kyungwon Oh, Heiner Boeing, Regina Heidinger-Felso, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Balkish M. Naidu, Avula Laxmaiah, Ana M. B. Menezes, Marie Eliasen, Francesco Pistelli, Yuan He, Dusko Bjelica, José A. Casajús, Guang Ning, Lutgart Braeckman, Dirk Vanderschueren, Jochanan Stessman, Ivana Radic, Yi Zeng, Hans Concin, Damaskini Valvi, Sari Hantunen, Catherine Kyobutungi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Wenhua Zhao, Sok King Ong, Anne W. Taylor, Iraj Nabipour, Justyna Godos, Cyrus Cooper, Mattias Johansson, Samuel C. Dumith, Magdalena Muc, Sabine Schipf, Idowu O Senbanjo, Jim Mann, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Yih Chung Tham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Joseph Cacciottolo, Ana Henriques, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Constance Schultsz, Santiago F. Gomez, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Pierre Traissac, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Abdullah Alkandari, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Silvana Donoso, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Dianna J. Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paola Nardone, Alberto Barceló, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Anjani Kumar Jha, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Jana Kratenova, Claudia M. Hormiga, Maria Tsigga, Zivka Dika, Indrapal I. Meshram, Ei Ei K. Nang, Ian Rouse, Rusidah Selamat, Paul Korrovits, Grethe S. Tell, Julie Taylor, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Frank J Rühli, Shelly R. McFarlane, Sara Santos Sanz, Edyta Łuszczki, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Tara Coppinger, Karin De Ridder, Lucie Viet, Anna Bugge, Mehdi Yaseri, Safiah Md Yusof, Sandra C. Fuchs, Muhammad Islam, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Gowri Mahasampath, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Hanna Tolonen, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Laura Torres-Collado, Susi Kriemler, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Cynthia Robitaille, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Kodanda R Kanala, Gert B. M. Mensink, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Hélène Delisle, Francisco J. Félix-Redondo, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Wolfgang Ahrens, Osvaldo Santos, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Nikhil D. Patel, Reynaldo Martorell, Ching-Yu Cheng, Stine Schramm, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Jacek Jóźwiak, Radwan Qasrawi, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Son Thai Pham, Simona Giampaoli, Dong Zhao, Indah Suci Widyahening, Merete Osler, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, Giota Touloumi, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Luis Serra-Majem, Jonathan E. Shaw, Belong Cho, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Salvador Villalpando, Yuki Fujita, Tiffany K. Gill, Nish Chaturvedi, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Deepak Amarapurkar, Deepa Weerasekera, Diana A. 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Chan School of Public Health, Middlesex University [London], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Wellcome TrustEuropean Commission, Clinical Developmental Psychology, APH - Mental Health, Sociology, The Social Context of Aging (SoCA), Nutrition and Health, Iurilli, Maria LC [0000-0003-0409-1635], Zhou, Bin [0000-0002-1741-8628], Ezzati, Majid [0000-0002-2109-8081], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Societal Participation & Health, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, VU University medical center, APH 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Ltd, Orebro University, University of London, Universitas Indonesia, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, University of Cyprus, Niigata University, International Medical University, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Peking University First Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University, West Kazakhstan Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, University of Ghana, Maria Lc Iurilli , Bin Zhou , James E Bennett , Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco , Marisa K Sophiea , Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez , Honor Bixby , Bethlehem D Solomon , Cristina Taddei , Goodarz Danaei , Mariachiara Di Cesare , Gretchen A Stevens , Leanne M Riley , Stefan Savin , Melanie J Cowan , Pascal Bovet , Albertino Damasceno , Adela Chirita-Emandi , Alison J Hayes , Nayu Ikeda , Rod T Jackson , Young-Ho Khang , Avula Laxmaiah , Jing 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, Yves Martin-Prevel , Rosemarie Martin , Reynaldo Martorell , Eva Martos , Katharina Maruszczak , Stefano Marventano , Luis P Mascarenhas , Shariq R Masoodi , Ellisiv B Mathiesen , Prashant Mathur , Alicia Matijasevich , Tandi E Matsha , Christina Mavrogianni , Artur Mazur , Jean Claude N Mbanya , Shelly R McFarlane , Stephen T McGarvey , Martin McKee , Stela McLachlan , Rachael M McLean , Scott B McLean , Breige A McNulty , Sounnia Mediene Benchekor , Jurate Medzioniene , Parinaz Mehdipour , Kirsten Mehlig , Amir Houshang Mehrparvar , Aline Meirhaeghe , Jørgen Meisfjord , Christa Meisinger , Ana Maria B Menezes , Geetha R Menon , Gert Bm Mensink , Maria Teresa Menzano , Alibek Mereke , Indrapal I Meshram , Andres Metspalu , Haakon E Meyer , Jie Mi , Kim F Michaelsen , Nathalie Michels , Kairit Mikkel , Karolina Milkowska , Jody C Miller , Cláudia S Minderico , G K Mini , Juan Francisco Miquel , Mohammad Reza Mirjalili , Daphne Mirkopoulou , Erkin Mirrakhimov , Marjeta 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, Jaakko Mursu , Elaine M Murtagh , Kamarul Imran Musa , Sanja Music Milanovic , Vera Musil , Norlaila Mustafa , Iraj Nabipour , Shohreh Naderimagham , Gabriele Nagel , Balkish M Naidu , Farid Najafi , Harunobu Nakamura , Jana Námešná , Ei Ei K Nang , Vinay B Nangia , Martin Nankap , Sameer Narake , Paola Nardone , Matthias Nauck , William A Neal , Azim Nejatizadeh , Chandini Nekkantti , Keiu Nelis , Liis Nelis , Ilona Nenko , Martin Neovius , Flavio Nervi , Chung T Nguyen , Nguyen D Nguyen , Quang Ngoc Nguyen , Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez , Yury P Nikitin , Guang Ning , Toshiharu Ninomiya , Sania Nishtar , Marianna Noale , Oscar A Noboa , Helena Nogueira , Teresa Norat , Maria Nordendahl , Børge G Nordestgaard , Davide Noto , Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska , Mohannad Al Nsour , Irfan Nuhoglu , Eha Nurk , Terence W O'Neill , Dermot O'Reilly , Galina Obreja , Caleb Ochimana , Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés , Eiji Oda , Kyungwon Oh , Kumiko Ohara , Claes Ohlsson , Ryutaro Ohtsuka , Örn Olafsson , Maria 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Paola, Nauck, Matthia, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nekkantti, Chandini, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Lii, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Nikitin, Yury P, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M, Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Clae, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, 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Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thoma, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassili, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, Filippi, Sarah, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Population -- Health aspects, Leanness, Baixo peso/Underweight, none, Double burden, alipainoisuus, tulotaso, global health, systematic analysis, Sedentary behaviors, RC1200, Prospective associations, 0302 clinical medicine, underweight, nälänhätä, Biology (General), skin and connective tissue diseases, Children, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Body mass index, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, ylipaino, General Medicine, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, World health, Medicine, A100 Pre-clinical Medicine, Population distribution, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, Science, Socio-culturale, Nursing, Social sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Thinness, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, BMI, epidemiology, obesity, None, Humans, Obesidade/Obesity, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, education, VLAG, US adults, Omvårdnad, body mass index, malnutrition, obesity, underweight, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, terveellisyys, Obesity, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Factors, General Biochemistry, WIAS, lihavuus, RA, Demography, N.A, double burden, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, alueelliset erot, Nutrition and Disease, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Change distribution of body mass index, RA0421, Voeding en Ziekte, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, Índice de massa corporal/Body Mass Index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Underweight, painoindeksi, 2. Zero hunger, General Neuroscience, aliravitsemus, elintarvikkeet, health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Diervoeding, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Chinese adults, pooled analysis, medicine.symptom, Diet quality, B120 Physiology, Research Article, trends, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], prevalence, Population, Mothers, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3121 Internal medicine, medicine, Life Science, ddc:610, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, kehonkoostumus, Nutrition, Australian adults, General Immunology and Microbiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https], Ciências sociais, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, Epidemiology and Global Health, sense organs, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions., Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, peer-reviewed
Published: 2021
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26. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, weight gain and the risk of urinary incontinence: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of prospective studies

Author: Elio Riboli, Dagfinn Aune, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, and Teresa Norat
Subjects: obesity, Stress incontinence, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Urinary incontinence, Overweight, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, BMI, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, education, Prospective cohort study, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, waist circumference, medicine.disease, meta-analysis, Urinary Incontinence, Obesity, Abdominal, Relative risk, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Body mass index
Abstract: Background Adiposity has been associated with elevated risk of urinary incontinence in epidemiological studies; however, the strength of the association has differed between studies. Objectives To conduct a systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies on adiposity and risk of urinary incontinence. Search strategy We searched PubMed and Embase databases up to 19 July 2017. Selection criteria Prospective cohort studies were included. Data collection and analysis Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Main results Twenty-four prospective studies were included. The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increment in body mass index (BMI) was 1.20 (95% CI 1.16-1.25, I2 = 62%, n = 11) for population-based studies and 1.19 (95% CI 1.08-1.30, I2 = 87.1%, n = 8) for pregnancy-based studies, 1.18 (95% CI 1.14-1.22, I2 = 0%, n = 2) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference and 1.34 (95% CI 1.11-1.62, I2 = 90%, n = 2) per 10 kg of weight gain. Although the test for nonlinearity was significant for BMI, P = 0.04, the association was approximately linear. For subtypes of urinary incontinence the summary RR per 5 BMI units was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.68, I2 = 85%, n = 3) for frequent incontinence, 1.52 (95% CI 1.37-1.68, I2 = 34%, n = 4) for severe incontinence, 1.33 (95% CI 1.26-1.41, I2 = 0%, n = 8) for stress incontinence, 1.26 (95% CI 1.14-1.40, I2 = 70%, n = 7) for urge incontinence, and 1.52 (95% CI 1.36-1.69, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for mixed incontinence. Conclusion These results suggest excess weight may increase risk of urinary incontinence. Tweetable abstract Overweight and obesity increase the risk of urinary incontinence.
Published: 2019
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27. No association between polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1, NAT1, NAT2 and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author: Salvatore Panico, Nadia García, H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita, Kim Overvad, Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Timothy J. Key, M. E. Numans, Antonio Berenguer, Rosario Tumino, Khaw K-T., Gabriele Nagel, Carmen Navarro, Boutron-Ruault M-C., Domenico Palli, Elio Riboli, J. Linseisen, Anne Tjønneland, Aurelio Barricarte, A. Olsen, Eiliv Lund, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Calogero Saieva, Teresa Norat, G. Del Giudice, Sheila Bingham, Guillem Pera, Henrik Simán, Antonia Trichopoulou, Mazda Jenab, Carlos A. González, Hendrik Bläker, J. R. Quirós, Carlos Martinez, Antonio Agudo, Roger Stenling, P. H. M. Peeters, Carlotta Sacerdote, Pilar Amiano, Pamela Ferrari, Naomi E. Allen, Göran Berglund, Fátima Carneiro, Gabriel Capellá, Franco Berrino, Heiner Boeing, Núria Sala, and Göran Hallmans
Subjects: Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Genotype, Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase, Epidemiology, Adenocarcinoma, Biology, Glutathione transferase, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Stomach cancer, neoplasms, Glutathione Transferase, Polymorphism, Genetic, integumentary system, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Europe, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Female, Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Abstract: No association between polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1, NAT1, NAT2 and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.
Published: 2021

28. High Body Mass Index and Central Adiposity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis

Author: Dagfinn Aune, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universitetet i Oslo, UiO Helse Sør-Øst RHF, sorost School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Open Access funding provided by University of Oslo (incl Oslo University Hospital)., This work was funded by the Imperial College School of Public Health and the South-East Regional Health Authority of Norway. Acknowledgments, Imperial College London, Bjørknes University College [Oslo, Norvège], and HAL UVSQ, Équipe
Subjects: Central adiposity, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Body mass index, Adiposity, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Meta-analysis, Pancreatitis, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Obesity, Abdominal, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Relative risk, Systematic review, Acute pancreatitis, Waist circumference, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Original Article, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract: Background Higher body mass index and waist circumference have been associated with increased risk of pancreatitis in several prospective studies; however, the results have not been entirely consistent. Aims We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies on adiposity and risk of pancreatitis to clarify this association. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies on adiposity and pancreatitis up to January 27, 2020. Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between adiposity and risk of pancreatitis were included, and summary RRs (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Results Ten prospective studies with 5129 cases and 1,693,657 participants were included. The summary RR (95% CI) of acute pancreatitis was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03–1.35, I2 = 91%, n = 10 studies) per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference. There was evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and acute pancreatitis, pnonlinearity
Published: 2021
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29. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Author: Trine Folseraas, Dagfinn Aune, Elio Riboli, Teresa Norat, and Abhijit Sen
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Science, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Article, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Cancer prevention, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Gastrointestinal cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer epidemiology, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Neoplasms, Epidemiology of cancer, medicine, Confidence Intervals, Humans, Cancer, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Liver cancer, business, Cohort study
Abstract: A diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been associated with increased risk of hepatobiliary cancers, colorectal cancer and all-cause mortality in several studies, while associations with cardiovascular disease have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort studies on the topic to summarize these associations. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 13th, 2020. Cohort studies on PSC and risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using random effects models. The summary RR (95% CI) comparing persons with PSC to persons without PSC was 584.37 (269.42–1267.51, I2 = 89%, n = 4) for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), 155.54 (125.34–193.02, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for hepatobiliary cancer, 30.22 (11.99–76.17, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for liver cancer, 16.92 (8.73–32.78, I2 = 88%, n = 4) for gastrointestinal cancer, 7.56 (2.42–23.62, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for pancreatic cancer, 6.10 (4.19–8.87, I2 = 14%, n = 7) for colorectal cancer (CRC), 4.13 (2.99–5.71, I2 = 80%, n = 5) for total cancer, 3.55 (2.94–4.28, I2 = 46%, n = 5) for all-cause mortality, and 1.57 (0.25–9.69, I2 = 79%, n = 2) for cardiovascular disease. Strong positive associations were observed between PSC and risk of CCA, hepatobiliary cancer, liver cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, CRC, total cancer, and all-cause mortality, but not for cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2021

30. Author response: Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Zahra Mohammadi, Abdul Basit, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Soile E. Puhakka, Hongsheng Bi, Ari Voutilainen, Davood Khalili, Bin Zhou, Dermot O'Reilly, Natascia Rinaldo, Paulo A. Lotufo, Bahareh Kheiri, Thein Thein Htay, Simona Giampaoli, Goodarz Danaei, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Simona Bo, Peter Schnohr, Jerzy Chudek, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Katia Vergetti Bloch, Vincenzo Capuano, Holly E. Syddall, Dong Zhao, Indah Suci Widyahening, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Leng Huat Foo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Merete Osler, Laura Torres-Collado, Manu Raj, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Susi Kriemler, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Aneta Grajda, Anette Varbo, Kazem Mohammad, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Shu Ti Chiou, Iuliia A Rusakova, Jyh Eiin Wong, Torben Jørgensen, Lela Sturua, Lubica Ticha, Hamid Hakimi, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Yanina Zócalo, Freda Pitakaka, Savvas C. Savva, Rajeev Gupta, Jennifer Servais, Marie Kunešová, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Yannis Manios, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Sibel Gogen, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kristine H. Allin, Ana Azevedo, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Gretchen A Stevens, Dickman Gareta, Holger Theobald, Anja Schienkiewitz, Bekbolat Zholdin, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ulla Roggenbuck, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Eero Kajantie, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Mary Simon, Prakash C. Gupta, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Cristina Padez, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Sarah P. Garnett, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Suhad Bahijri, Christina Mavrogianni, Mihaela Vladulescu, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Rui Ornelas, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Slawomir Koziel, Shohreh Naderimagham, Jari Jokelainen, Stephen T. McGarvey, Patrick Pasquet, Farnam Mohebi, Nader Saki, Aida Pilav, Azim Nejatizadeh, Marianna Noale, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Luís B. Sardinha, Laura Lauria, Jun Hata, Kodanda R Kanala, Gert B. M. Mensink, Nils Lehmann, Elio Riboli, Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Luis Serra-Majem, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Lekhraj Rampal, Zhamilya Battakova, Ludmila Sevcikova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Fikru Tullu, Aung Soe Htet, Angel R. Gonzalez, Annette J. Dobson, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Hélène Delisle, Francisco J. Félix-Redondo, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Annika Rosengren, Sania Nishtar, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Wolfgang Ahrens, Osvaldo Santos, Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção, Kazi M. Jamil, Stefano Marventano, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Shukri F. Mohamed, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Soon-Woo Park, Ana Isabel Rito, David Goltzman, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Catterina Ferreccio, Marta Buoncristiano, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Pradeep Joshi, Edward D Janus, Laetitia Huiart, Ala'a Alkerwi, Lorenza Pilotto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Daan Kromhout, Marius B. Bjertness, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Nico Dragano, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Yuki Fujita, Juraci Almeida Cesar, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Maria Dorobantu, Jordi Sunyer, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, Drude Molbo, Rebecca Goldsmith, Jean Woo, Mohammad El-khateeb, Tiffany K. Gill, Nish Chaturvedi, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Nikhil D. Patel, Francesco Pistelli, Yuan He, Ivana Radic, Yi Zeng, Ilse Khouw, Reynaldo Martorell, Ching-Yu Cheng, Stine Schramm, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Jacek Jóźwiak, Radwan Qasrawi, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Charles Sossa Jérome, Ben Schöttker, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Christopher T. Cowell, Bharathi Viswanathan, Renata Kuciene, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Pedro J Ortiz, Delphine De Smedt, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamel Ajlouni, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Graziella D'Arrigo, Xiangjun Wang, Lars Lind, Macia Enguerran, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Bo Werner, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Kyungwon Oh, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Felix Kaducu, Ramon O. Jimenez, Jonathan E. Shaw, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Aicha Soumare, Astrid Petersmann, Tomasz Grodzicki, Parvina Mukhtorova, Eha Nurk, Bhawesh Koirala, Óscar Lopes, Ana Jelakovic, Karolina Milkowska, Magda Gasull, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Marcela González-Gross, Belong Cho, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Salvador Villalpando, Tran Quoc Bao, José Boggia, Daniela Galeone, Josep Redon, Matthias Bopp, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Dusko Bjelica, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Felipe F. Casanueva, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Soheir H Ahmed, Maria Nordendahl, Luciana Zaccagni, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Rod Jackson, Jorge Motta, Keiu Nelis, Fernando Rigo, Andrzej Pajak, Christa Meisinger, Clara Homs, Namuna Shrestha, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Xun Tang, Johann Willeit, Motahareh Kheradmand, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Anne Tjønneland, Diana A. Santos, Lynne M. Boddy, Jie Hao, David Alejandro González-Chica, Elin Kolle, Jingli Gao, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Isabel O. Oliveira, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Olfa Saidi, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Oye Gureje, Raluca Pop, Iulia Jurca Simina, Nuno Lunet, Maria Forsner, Peter Bjerregaard, Rachael McLean, Antonio Cabrera de León, Guy De Backer, José A. Casajús, Guang Ning, Emmanuella Magriplis, Laura Censi, Graziella Bruno, Valentina Peterkova, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, Anjani Kumar Jha, Toomas Veidebaum, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Jana Kratenova, Michelle Cilia, Ivo Rakovac, Bill Stavreski, Ya Xing Wang, Oscar Noboa, Romana Roccaldo, Sara Magnacca, Johan Sundström, Peter Stehle, Tania Lopez, Francis Delpeuch, Julianne Williams, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Leanne M. Riley, Claudia M. Hormiga, Joanne Katz, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Heloisa Bettiol, Gabriele Nagel, Alireza Khosravi, Lars Bo Andersen, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Marjeta Majer, Robert Beaglehole, Caleb Ochimana, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, George S. Stergiou, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Leon A. Simons, Eng Joo Tan, Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo, Gry Skodje, Maryam Keramati, Liv Elin Torheim, Seppo Koskinen, Assembekov Batyrbek, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Ming-Hui Zhao, Krista Fischer, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Agnès Le Port, Reza Homayounfar, James E. Bennett, Yuna He, Matsuda Fumihiko, Qi Sheng You, Angela Spinelli, Scott B. McLean, Shirin Djalalinia, Thet Thet Mu, Yves Martin-Prével, Rafael N. Pichardo, Gailute Bernotiene, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Frederick C. W. Wu, Chandini Nekkantti, Daniela Rodrigues, Tandi E. Matsha, Mihai Gafencu, Xingwang Ye, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Trevor S. Ferguson, Christophe Tzourio, Marie Zins, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Xu Ma, Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Nalan Uysal, Salim Berkinbayev, Enisa Kujundzic, Sari Voutilainen, Iraj Mohebbi, Heiner Boeing, Jorge Mota, Jana Námešná, Maria Tsigga, Zivka Dika, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Xu Lin, Valéria Regecová, Herman Schargrodsky, Stevo Popovic, Amelia C. Crampin, Hannu Uusitalo, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Ali Esmaeili, Catherine Kyobutungi, Virginija Dulskiene, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, David De Ridder, Lizzy M. Brewster, Hashem Jaddou, Eunice Ugel, José Camolas, Azli Baharudin, Idris Guessous, Sok King Ong, Tabara Yasuharu, Ali Ghanbari, Anne W. Taylor, Iraj Nabipour, Justyna Godos, Cyrus Cooper, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Gonzalo Valdivia, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Takuro Furusawa, Pawel Kurjata, Diego Vanuzzo, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Karen Morgan, Mostafa Qorbani, Rute Santos, Marika Ferrari, Diego Salmerón, Ida Maria Schmidt, Gao Pei, Abu Am Hanif, Balkish M. Naidu, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Moesijanti Soekatri, Marcia Scazufca, Katharina Maruszczak, Jacqueline Ramke, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Kairit Mikkel, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Miao Li Chee, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Michel Joffres, Vayia Rarra, Ningli Wang, Charmaine A. Duante, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Weili Yan, Dong Wook Shin, Rômulo Araújo Fernandes, Ilona Nenko, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Indrapal I. Meshram, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Ei Ei K. Nang, Ian Rouse, Avula Laxmaiah, Ana M. B. Menezes, Yih Chung Tham, Ebrahim Eftekhar, María José Tormo, Felicia Cañete, Marie Eliasen, Lutgart Braeckman, Dirk Vanderschueren, Genc Burazeri, Kari Kuulasmaa, Jesús Vioque, Marisa K. Sophiea, Agneta Sjöberg, Katarzyna Dereń, Albertino Damasceno, Jochanan Stessman, Stig E. Bojesen, Aline Meirhaeghe, Else Karin Grøholt, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Robert Lundqvist, Frédéric Gottrand, Jeongseon Kim, Helmut Schröder, Joanna Baran, Karina Mary de Paiva, Yousef Khader, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Aneta Weres, Hans Concin, Damaskini Valvi, Sari Hantunen, Machi Suka, Elena Sacchini, Norbert Amougou, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Edwige Landais, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Rosemarie Martin, Kenneth James, Amaneh Shayanrad, Grethe S. Tell, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Vedrana Sember, Anelise Reis Gaya, Konrad Jamrozik, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Martin Neovius, Urho M. Kujala, Nathalie Michels, Marcel Goldberg, Alexandra Cucu, Liliana Dacica, Adelheid Weber, Hermann Pohlabeln, Sandjaja, Jukka T. Salonen, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Tiina Laatikainen, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Julie Taylor, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Cora L. Craig, Teresa Shamah-Levy, María Dolores Chirlaque, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Dominique Cottel, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Andrea Gazzinelli, Mieczysław Litwin, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Adolfo Rubinstein, Abbas Dehghan, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Wenhua Zhao, Aleksandra Piwońska, Yong Tao, Bontha V. Babu, Marc J. Gunter, Harunobu Nakamura, Wojciech Drygas, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Stefan Söderberg, Anthony Kafatos, Lynell V Maniego, Els Clays, Wei-Yen Lim, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Mattias Johansson, Simona Costanzo, Margot González-León, Matthias Nauck, Henry Völzke, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Annette Peters, Rajiv T Erasmus, Juan Francisco Miquel, Andrea Gualtieri, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Kaare Christensen, Peter Willeit, Tanja Stocks, Christine Cameron, Samuel C. Dumith, Janina Petkeviciene, Boyd Swinburn, Magdalena Muc, Sabine Schipf, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Martin Bobak, Damian K Francis, Veronica Mocanu, Karien Stronks, Antonisamy Belavendra, Artur Mazur, Nagalla Balakrishna, Jardena J. Puder, Mehrdad Azmin, Shelly R. McFarlane, Sara Santos Sanz, Yang Yang, Anneke Blokstra, Rafel Ramos, Ertugrul Celikcan, Jody C Miller, Jesús Ibarluzea, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Maria Elisa Zapata, Guansheng Ma, Fereidoun Azizi, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan, Pedro Marques-Vidal, William A. Neal, Ana B. Crujeiras, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Abdullatif Husseini, Alun Evans, Jiang He, Edyta Łuszczki, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Alibek Mereke, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Axel C. Carlsson, Helen Gonçalves, Idowu O Senbanjo, Jim Mann, Rajendra Pradeepa, Juel Jarani, Eva Martos, Eugene Sobngwi, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Galina Obreja, Cecily Kelleher, Sareh Eghtesad, Chung T Nguyen, Kay-Tee Khaw, Joseph Cacciottolo, Ana Henriques, Yi-Ting Lin, Anil Poudyal, Liam Smeeth, Kenji Shibuya, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Annamari Lundqvist, Thor Aspelund, Caroline H.D. Fall, Philippe Amouyel, Kristyna Zejglicova, Argyro Karakosta, Piotr Bandosz, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Maria Lazo-Porras, Maung Maung Than Htike, Dalia Luksiene, Jutta Stieber, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Aryeh D. Stein, Lechaba Tshepo, Judith Benedics, Aletta E. Schutte, Jürgen König, Magdalena Korzycka, Grzegorz Sobek, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Tai Hing Lam, Yn-Tz Sung, Masanori Iwasaki, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Antonio Mistretta, Daniel Lemogoum, Nimmathota Arlappa, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Shoichiro Tsugane, Kaosar Afsana, Alireza Sadjadi, Myriam Galfo, Jean Claude Mbanya, Bernardo L. Horta, Marleen E. Hendriks, M. Arfan Ikram, Fadia AlBuhairan, Huashuai Chen, Marzieh Katibeh, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Larissa Pruner Marques, Louise Eriksen, Aleksandra Gomula, Ricky Eddie, Maciej Banach, Jost B. Jonas, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Slavica Sović, Charles Mondo, Felix Gutzwiller, Mariana Sbaraini, Aye Aye Sein, Henrike Galenkamp, Jaume Marrugat, Nazan Yardim, Cecilia Björkelund, Luigi Palmieri, Roya Kelishadi, Jie Mi, Nahla Hwalla, Jing Liu, Davide Noto, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Kelias P. Msyamboza, Judith Simons, Sofia Malyutina, Michele Monroy-Valle, Andres Metspalu, Lariane M Ono, Rafaela Rosário, Flora A. Ukoli, Efthymios Kapantais, Enzo Manzato, S. Goya Wannamethee, Alison J Price, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Ali Reza Safarpour, Erfan Ghasemi, Janine Clarke, René Charles Sylva, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Zhamyila Usupova, Chaoqiang Jiang, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Freja B Kampmann, Wei Cheng Lo, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Kaspar Staub, Mojtaba Farjam, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Garry L. Jennings, Fabio Galvano, Monika Zuziak, Karin De Ridder, Lucie Viet, Anna Bugge, Mehdi Yaseri, Safiah Md Yusof, Sandra C. Fuchs, Emmanuel Cohen, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Karen Sparrenberger, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Wei Zheng, Eldridge Ferrer, Martijn Huisman, Maria Hassapidou, Iris Pigeot, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Domenico Palli, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ramiro Guerrero, Farzad Hadaegh, Han Cg Kemper, Saeid Safiri, Ivan Pećin, Arnaud Chiolero, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Ulrike Gehring, Iná S. Santos, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Marie Moitry, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Jacqueline F. Price, Ranko Stevanovic, Sai Yin Ho, Georg Lappas, Alberto Palloni, Malay K. Mridha, Elaine M. Dennison, Jeonghee Lee, Saeid Eslami, Rahman Shiri, Japhet Killewo, Juergen Breckenkamp, Mathilde Kersting, Y Nikitin, Iqbal Bata, Geetha R Menon, Maria Avdicova, Sanjay Rampal, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Kirsten Mehlig, Chien-An Sun, Ramin Heshmat, Violeta Iotova, Stefaan Demarest, Mette Rasmussen, Dirk De Bacquer, San-Lin You, Suzanne N Morin, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Luc Dauchet, Fred Paccaud, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Hyeon Chang Kim, Markku Peltonen, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Vera Musil, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Gowri Mahasampath, Ulrich Keil, Sérgio Viana Peixoto, Haiquan Xu, Helle-Mai Loit, Valérie Deschamps, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Lijuan Liu, Marialaura Bonaccio, Altan Onat, Rody G. Sy, José María Huerta, Ko Ko Zaw, Akihiro Yoshihara, Peter Ueda, Belgin Ünal, Rachel Dankner, Andrzej Wiecek, Eman Aly, Ruzena Kubinova, Justina Vaitkeviciute, Hanna Tolonen, Priscilla Duboz, Orn Olafsson, Yin Guo, Chiara Donfrancesco, Salim Mohanna, Dusan Grafnetter, Daniel Weghuber, Ali Ahmadi, Rosemary B. Duda, E. Shyong Tai, Louise A. Baur, Nihal Thomas, Prabhdeep Kaur, Norlaila Mustafa, Shariq Rashid Masoodi, Liis Nelis, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Lèlita Santos, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Jeannette Lee, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Alain Morejon, Ying-Wei Wang, Jakob Tarp, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Luxia Zhang, Bahram Mohajer, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Jurate Klumbiene, Zhengming Chen, Ambady Ramachandran, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Alisha N. Wade, Suyeon Park, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Lucjan Szponar, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Tahir Aris, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Juan P. González-Rivas, Rob M. van Dam, Daniel Bia, Oonagh Markey, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Kumiko Ohara, Ričardas Radišauskas, Jurate Medzioniene, Tiina Vlasoff, Tania Tello, Suzanne C. Ho, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, May Soe Aung, Vesselka Duleva, Michael Hobbs, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Parasmani Dasgupta, Inge Huybrechts, Raimund Erbel, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Hermann Brenner, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Jolanda Hyska, Roman Topor-Madry, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Merike Liivak, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Mathilde Savy, Herculina S. Kruger, Neil Murphy, Vinay Nangia, Cesar G. Victora, Mostafa K. Mohamed, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Gabriella Gruden, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Maria Teresa Menzano, Francesco Branca, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Elena Bogova, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Maroje Sorić, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Tatjana Hejgaard, Yves Kameli, Margarita Samoutian, Andreia N. Pizarro, Jin Soo Moon, Frank Claessens, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Frank Tanser, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Johan G. Eriksson, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Hanspeter Stamm, Kim Overvad, Yanping Li, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Wichai Aekplakorn, Anwar Batieha, Eduardo Capuano, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Paola Russo, Nguyen D Nguyen, Luis Revilla, Hossein Poustchi, Farid Najafi, Giovanni de Gaetano, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Paul Elliott, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Angela Döring, Giovanni Viegi, Xiaoguang Yang, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Mahmudur Rahman, Günther Fink, Marcia Makdisse, Dragana P Jovic, Aline Wagner, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Pascal Bovet, Dong Wook Kim, Tom Wilsgaard, Anders Grøntved, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Antonia Trichopoulou, Noushin Mohammadifard, Igor Spiroski, Natasja M. van Schoor, Cláudia S. Minderico, Betina H. Thuesen, Queenie Chan, Ulf Ekelund, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Line Lund Kårhus, Cihangir Erem, Amina Barkat, Maria Paula Santos, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Allan G. Hill, Honor Bixby, Benoît Salanave, Joana Carvalho, Maigeng Zhou, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Roy A Wong-McClure, Kim F. Michaelsen, Doris Stöckl, Rosalynn Siantar, Jouko Saramies, José R. Banegas, Quang Ngoc La, Uruwan Yamborisut, Parinaz Mehdipour, Farhad Pourfarzi, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Katsuyasu Kouda, Chien-Jen Chen, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Martin Nankap, Allan Linneberg, Ronald D. Gregor, Rudolf Kaaks, Maria do Carmo Franco, Marta García-Solano, Beata Gurzkowska, Bahman Cheraghian, Stefaan De Henauw, Daniel Ferrante, Johanna A. Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sumit Bharadwaj, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Prashant Mathur, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Majid Shirani, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Petra Rust, Visnja Djordjic, Farahnaz Joukar, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Leila Houti, Nayu Ikeda, Imperia Brajkovich, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Christa L. Lilly, Per Tynelius, Michael Tornaritis, Anne Juolevi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Espen Bjertness, Ana P. Ortiz, Joel G. R. Roy, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Michelle Holdsworth, Niels Wedderkopp, Johan Van der Heyden, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Eva Corpeleijn, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tuyen D Le, Teresa Norat, Hana Zamrazilová, Garry Brian, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Clive Osmond, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Vilma Irazola, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Terho Lehtimäki, Shuohua Chen, Dimitrios Papandreou, Robert J. Adams, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Luisa M Macieira, Félicité Tchibindat, Lital Keinan Boker, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Zbigniew Gaciong, Giovanni Veronesi, Martin McKee, Veikko Salomaa, Gilad Twig, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Peter Kristensen, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Mario V. Capanzana, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Jonathan Giovannelli, Stela McLachlan, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Senthil K Vasan, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Dongfeng Gu, Tomas Vega, Hynek Pikhart, Päivi Mäki, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Christina Howitt, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jenny M. Kindblom, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, G. K. Mini, Qian Wang, Liufu Cui, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sylvain Sebert, Vilmundur Gudnason, Loreto Santa Marina, Kairat Davletov, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Nicholas J. Wareham, Wilma M. Hopman, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jussi Kauhanen, Breige A. McNulty, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Stefan Kiechl, Alicia Matijasevich, Boban Mugoša, Srinivasan Kannan, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Cynthia M. Pérez, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Dominique Hange, João Luiz Bastos, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Thomas Waldhör, Ioannis Pagkalos, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Peter Vollenweider, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Aya Mostafa, Fangfang Chen, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Arvind Pandey, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Rusidah Selamat, Dianna J. Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paul Korrovits, Paola Nardone, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Alberto Barceló, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Constance Schultsz, Frank J Rühli, Santiago F. Gomez, Tara Coppinger, Muhammad Islam, Pierre Traissac, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Abdullah Alkandari, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Cynthia Robitaille, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Silvana Donoso, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, Son Thai Pham, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Giota Touloumi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Yi Song, Jianfeng Wu, Jeannette Klimont, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Martine Vrijheid, Susana Cararo Confortin, Antonis Zampelas, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Ausra Petrauskiene, Juha Auvinen, Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Magdalena Klimek, Luís Lopes, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Maria Lc Iurilli, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Rainford J. Wilks, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Hanno Ulmer, Deepak Amarapurkar, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Massimo Salvetti, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Sabina Zambon, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Lauren Lissner, Kamarul Imran Musa, Deepa Weerasekera, Bihungum Bista, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, and Alison J. Hayes
Subjects: education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Distribution (economics), medicine.disease, Obesity, Geography, medicine, Underweight, medicine.symptom, education, business, Body mass index, Demography
Published: 2020
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31. Physical activity and the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Elsa Kobeissi, Elio Riboli, Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Abhijit Sen, and Mark Hamer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Science, Cardiology, 195 COUNTRIES, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Metabolic equivalent, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Aortic aneurysm, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical research, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Exercise, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, business.industry, INCIDENT HYPERTENSION, MORTALITY, LEISURE-TIME, GLOBAL BURDEN, medicine.disease, Physical activity level, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Confidence interval, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Risk factors, Relative risk, Meta-analysis, Medicine, Science & Technology - Other Topics, LIFE-STYLE, DOSE-RESPONSE METAANALYSIS, AEROBIC EXERCISE, SMOKING, business, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Abstract: The association between physical activity and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been inconsistent with some studies reporting a reduced risk while others have found no association. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to quantify the association. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 3 October 2020. Prospective studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with physical activity. Summary RRs (95% CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. Nine prospective studies (2073 cases, 409,732 participants) were included. The summary RR for high vs. low physical activity was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56–0.87, I2 = 58%) and per 20 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-hours/week increase of activity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74–0.95, I2 = 59%, n = 6). Although the test for nonlinearity was not significant (p = 0.09) the association appeared to be stronger when increasing the physical activity level from 0 to around 20–25 MET-hours/week than at higher levels. The current meta-analysis suggest that higher physical activity may reduce the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm, however, further studies are needed to clarify the dose–response relationship between different subtypes and intensities of activity and abdominal aortic aneurysm risk.
Published: 2020

32. Physical activity and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Serena Tonstad, Dagfinn Aune, Elio Riboli, Sabrina Schlesinger, Teresa Norat, Lars J. Vatten, and Michael F. Leitzmann
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Protective factor, Walking, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, DISEASE, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Leisure Activities, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, OLDER-ADULTS, ABDOMINAL FATNESS, Stroke, Exercise, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Heart Failure, Science & Technology, business.industry, INTENSITY, Physical activity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, LEISURE-TIME, ASSOCIATION, medicine.disease, BODY-MASS INDEX, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Meta-analysis, Heart failure, Relative risk, LIFE-STYLE, HEALTH, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Risk Reduction Behavior, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Although physical activity is an established protective factor for cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, less is known with regard to the association between specific domains of physical activity and heart failure, as well as the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and heart failure. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies to clarify the relations of total physical activity, domains of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of heart failure. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 14th, 2020. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine prospective studies (36 publications) were included in the review. The summary RRs for high versus low levels were 0.77 (95% CI 0.70–0.85, I2 = 49%, n = 7) for total physical activity, 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.81, I2 = 88.1%, n = 16) for leisure-time activity, 0.66 (95% CI 0.59–0.74, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for vigorous activity, 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.94, I2 = 86%, n = 3) for walking and bicycling combined, 0.90 (95% CI 0.86–0.95, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for occupational activity, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.19–0.49, I2 = 96%, n = 6) for cardiorespiratory fitness. In dose–response analyses, the summary RRs were 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.95, I2 = 67%, n = 4) per 20 MET-hours per day of total activity and 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.78, I2 = 85%, n = 11) per 20 MET-hours per week of leisure-time activity. Nonlinear associations were observed in both analyses with a flattening of the dose–response curve at 15–20 MET-hours/week for leisure-time activity. These findings suggest that high levels of total physical activity, leisure-time activity, vigorous activity, occupational activity, walking and bicycling combined and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced risk of developing heart failure.
Published: 2020

33. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Author: Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, and Dagfinn Aune
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Complications, Diabetes mellitus, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Prospective cohort study, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Publication bias, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, Pancreatitis, Relative risk, Systematic review, Acute pancreatitis, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased risk of pancreatitis in several studies, however, not all studies have found an association. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis to clarify the association. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies on diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis up to 8th of January 2020. Cohort studies that reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between diabetes diagnosis and pancreatitis were included and summary RRs (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Results Eight cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis, and seven of these were included in the analysis of diabetes mellitus and acute pancreatitis (14124 cases, 5.7 million participants). Comparing diabetes patients with persons without diabetes the summary RRs (95% CIs) were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.33–2.29, I2 = 95%) for acute pancreatitis, 1.40 (95% CI: 0.88–2.22, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for chronic pancreatitis, and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07–1.80, I2 = 54%, n = 3) for pancreatitis overall. Although there was some indication of publication bias in the analysis of acute pancreatitis this appeared to be explained by one outlying study which when excluded did not substantially alter the association. The results persisted in several subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions These results suggest that diabetes patients are at an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Further studies are needed on diabetes and risk of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatitis overall and on gallstone-related and non-gallstone-related pancreatitis.
Published: 2020

34. Response to the letter to the editor 'Conceptual and clinical interpretation of 2007 WCRF/AICR Score in relation to cancer-related health outcomes', by R. Jayaraj, et al

Author: Panagiota N. Mitrou, Marta Solans, D.S.M. Chan, Dora Romaguera, and Teresa Norat
Subjects: Letter to the editor, business.industry, Interpretation (philosophy), Cancer, Hematology, medicine.disease, Health outcomes, Diet, Oncology, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine, Humans, Càncer -- Investigació, business, Relation (history of concept), Càncer, Life Style, Clinical psychology
Published: 2020

35. Consumption of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large European Cohort

Author: Magritt Brustad, Veronika Fedirko, Marc J. Gunter, Anja Olsen, Antonia Trichopoulou, Geneviève Nicolas, Anna Karakatsani, Veronique Chajes, Gianluca Severi, Elom K. Aglago, Eva Ardanaz, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Kim Overvad, Cristina Lasheras, Salvatore Panico, Verena Katzke, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, José María Huerta, Neil Murphy, Christina C. Dahm, Maria Wennberg, Teresa Norat, Bodil Ohlsson, Elisabete Weiderpass, Antonio Agudo, Heather Ward, Anne Tjønneland, Valeria Pala, Tilman Kühn, Bethany Van Guelpen, Guri Skeie, Rosario Tumino, María José Sánchez, A. M. May, Corinne Casagrande, Jeroen W.G. Derksen, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Elio Riboli, Agnès Fournier, Sophie Hellstrand, Inge Huybrechts, Georgia Martimianaki, Alessio Naccarati, Tobias Pischon, Amanda J. Cross, Pilar Amiano, Domenico Palli, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), RD06/0020 6236 Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Wellcome Trust, WT: C570/A16491, C8221/A19170, MR/M012190/1 National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC British Heart Foundation, BHF Cancer Research UK, CRUK World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: WCRF 2013/1002 Food Standards Agency, FSA Stroke Association European Commission, EC Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer Stavros Niarchos Foundation, SNF Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica, AIRE Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Greece Fondation Gustave Roussy Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF, Funding Supported by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund ( WCRF ) to Marc Gunter (grant number: WCRF 2013/1002 ). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer . The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Gustave Roussy , Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale , and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) (France), German Cancer Aid , German Cancer Research Center ( DKFZ ), and Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) (Germany), Hellenic Health Foundation , Stavros Niarchos Foundation , and the Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer ( AIRC ), National Research Council , and Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica (AIRE-ONLUS) Ragusa, Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangu ( AVIS ) Ragusa, Sicilian Government (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health , Welfare and Sports ( VWS ), Netherlands Cancer Registry ( NKR ), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund ( WCRF ), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), Nordic Center of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway), Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andalucía , Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236) and Navarra, and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Instituto de Salud Carlos II ( ISCIII RETIC) ( RD06/0020 ) (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society , Swedish Scientific Council , and Regional Government of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK , Medical Research Council , Stroke Association , British Heart Foundation , Department of Health , Food Standards Agency , the Wellcome Trust (UK), Cancer Research UK ( 14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council ( 1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom)., Funding Supported by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) to Marc Gunter (grant number: WCRF 2013/1002). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, and Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany), Hellenic Health Foundation, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, and the Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), National Research Council, and Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica (AIRE-ONLUS) Ragusa, Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangu (AVIS) Ragusa, Sicilian Government (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236) and Navarra, and the Centro de Investigaci?n Biom?dica en Red en Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica and Instituto de Salud Carlos II (ISCIII RETIC) (RD06/0020) (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, and Regional Government of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, the Wellcome Trust (UK), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, and C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom).
Subjects: Colorectal cancer, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Àcids grassos insaturats, Physiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Càncer colorectal, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Prospective Studies, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Unsaturated fatty acids, Epidemiologic, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Fishes, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic acid, 3. Good health, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Diet, chemistry, Seafood, Docosahexaenoic acid, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Omega 3, Cohort, Colonic Neoplasms, Tumorigenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Docosapentaenoic acid, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Background & Aims There is an unclear association between intake of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association between fish consumption, dietary and circulating levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA with CRC using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods Dietary intake of fish (total, fatty/oily, lean/white) and n-3 LC-PUFA were estimated by food frequency questionnaires given to 521,324 participants in the EPIC study; among these, 6291 individuals developed CRC (median follow up, 14.9 years). Levels of phospholipid LC-PUFA were measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples from a sub-group of 461 CRC cases and 461 matched individuals without CRC (controls). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively, with 95% CIs. Results Total intake of fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.96; Ptrend = .005), fatty fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98; Ptrend = .009), and lean fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–1.00; Ptrend = .016) were inversely associated with CRC incidence. Intake of total n-3 LC-PUFA (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95; Ptrend = .010) was also associated with reduced risk of CRC, whereas dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18–1.45; Ptrend < .001). Plasma levels of phospholipid n-3 LC-PUFA was not associated with overall CRC risk, but an inverse trend was observed for proximal compared with distal colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = .026). Conclusions In an analysis of dietary patterns of participants in the EPIC study, we found regular consumption of fish, at recommended levels, to be associated with a lower risk of CRC, possibly through exposure to n-3 LC-PUFA. Levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma were not associated with CRC risk, but there may be differences in risk at different regions of the colon.
Published: 2020
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36. Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose and the risk of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Imre Janszky, Teresa Norat, Dagfinn Aune, Elio Riboli, Manuela Neuenschwander, Sabrina Schlesinger, and Tingting Feng
Subjects: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, POPULATION-BASED COHORT, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes mellitus, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Prognosis, Meta-analysis, CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Heart failure, Risk Assessment, Endocrinology & Metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE, medicine, Humans, Blood glucose, education, Science & Technology, Nutrition & Dietetics, business.industry, medicine.disease, Impaired fasting glucose, BODY-MASS INDEX, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Relative risk, ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Systematic review, DOSE-RESPONSE METAANALYSIS, business, REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION, Biomarkers
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The strength of the association between diabetes and risk of heart failure has differed between previous studies and the available studies have not been summarized in a meta-analysis. We therefore quantified the association between diabetes and blood glucose and heart failure in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to May 3rd 2018. Prospective studies on diabetes mellitus or blood glucose and heart failure risk were included. A random effects model was used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seventy seven studies were included. Among the population-based prospective studies, the summary RR for individuals with diabetes vs. no diabetes was 2.06 (95% CIs: 1.73-2.46, I2 = 99.8%, n = 30 studies, 401495 cases, 21416780 participants). The summary RR was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.15-1.32, I2 = 78.2%, n = 10, 5344 cases, 91758 participants) per 20 mg/dl increase in blood glucose and there was evidence of a J-shaped association with nadir around 90 mg/dl and increased risk even within the pre-diabetic blood glucose range. Among the patient-based studies the summary RR was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.57-1.81, I2 = 85.5%, pheterogeneity613925 participants) and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.89-1.75, I2 = 95.6%, pheterogeneity
Published: 2018
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37. Tobacco smoking and the risk of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Elio Riboli, Teresa Norat, Sabrina Schlesinger, Dagfinn Aune, and Commission of the European Communities
Subjects: Time Factors, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, heart failure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, GENERAL-POPULATION, Smokers, Life style, Smoking, MEN, Tobacco smoking, Cardiovascular Diseases, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, Meta-analysis, LIFE-STYLE, HEALTH, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Developing heart, review, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Cigarette smoking, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Healthy Lifestyle, OLDER-ADULTS, Life Style, Science & Technology, INCIDENT HYPERTENSION, business.industry, Non-Smokers, GLOBAL BURDEN, medicine.disease, prospective studies, meta-analysis, cessation, Heart failure, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Smoking cessation, Smoking Cessation, CIGARETTE-SMOKING, Ex-Smokers, FOLLOW-UP, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, cigarettes
Abstract: Background We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between smoking and the risk of developing heart failure. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 24 July 2018. Prospective studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of heart failure associated with smoking. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated using a random effects model. Results Twenty-six studies were included. The summary RR was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.54–1.99, I2 = 81%, n = 10) for current smokers, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08–1.24, I2 = 51%, n = 9) for former smokers, and 1.44 (1.34–1.55, I2 = 83%, n = 10) for ever smokers compared with never smokers. The summary RR was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.01–1.96, I2 = 82%, n = 2) per 10 cigarettes per day, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04–1.18, I2 = 70%, n = 3) and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02–1.14, I2 = 34%, n = 2) per 10 pack-years among ever smokers and former smokers, respectively, and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63–1.00, I2 = 96%, n = 2) per 10 years since quitting smoking. The association between smoking cessation and heart failure reached significance at 15 years of smoking cessation, and at 30 years the summary RR was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57–0.90), only slightly higher than the summary RR for never smokers (0.64 (95% CI: 0.57–0.72)) when compared with current smokers. Conclusion Smoking is associated with increased risk of heart failure, but the risk decreases with increasing duration since smoking cessation. Any further studies should investigate the association between number of cigarettes per day, duration, pack-years and time since quitting smoking and risk of heart failure.
Published: 2018
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38. Dietary patterns derived from principal component analysis (PCA) and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: André Moreira, James Potts, Ioannis Bakolis, Teresa Norat, Tim Reeves, Victoria Morton, and Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, MEDLINE, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Disease, Cochrane Library, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, COHORT, RECTAL-CANCER, VEGETABLES, EATING PATTERNS, FIBER INTAKE, Principal Component Analysis, Science & Technology, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics, business.industry, COLON-CANCER, CONSUMPTION, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Confidence interval, Diet, ADENOMA, MEDITERRANEAN DIET, Relative risk, Meta-analysis, LIFE-STYLE, 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Risk assessment, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0908 Food Sciences
Abstract: Background and aim: Colorectal cancer [CRC] is highly prevalent worldwide, with dietary habits being a major risk factor. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the observational evidence on the association between CRC and dietary patterns [DP] derived from Principal Component Analysis. Design: PRISMA guidelines were followed. Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched to identify all eligible papers published up to July 2017. Any pre-defined cancer in the colon was included, namely colon-rectal cancer (CRC), colon cancer (CC), rectal cancer (RC), or proximal and distal CC, if available. Western (WDP) and prudent (PDP) dietary patterns were compared as a proxy to estimate ‘unhealthy’ (Rich in meat and processed foods) and ‘healthy’ diets (containing fruits or vegetables), respectively. Meta-analyses were carried out using random effects model to calculate overall risk estimates. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated comparing the highest versus the lowest categories of dietary patterns for any of the forms of colon cancer studied. Results: 28 studies were meta-analysed. A WDP was associated with increased risk of CRC (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.11, 1.40), and of CC (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.11, 1.52). A PDP was negatively associated with CRC (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.73, 0.91). Sensitivity analyses showed that individuals from North- and South- American countries had a significantly higher risk of CRC than those from other continents. Conclusion: A PDP might reduce the risk of CRC. Conversely, a WDP is associated with a higher risk of disease.
Published: 2018
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39. Body fatness, diabetes, physical activity and risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Author: Elio Riboli, Dagfinn Aune, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Teresa Norat, and Imperial College Trust
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, 030232 urology & nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, Waist–hip ratio, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, POPULATION, Body mass index, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Adiposity, Diabetes, WEIGHT-GAIN, Waist circumference, Cohort studies, LIFE-STYLE, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Kidney stones, NEPHROLITHIASIS, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, Kidney Calculi, MASS INDEX, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Obesity, Exercise, Science & Technology, business.industry, Waist-Hip Ratio, Physical activity, Waist-to-hip ratio, JAPANESE MEN, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, ENERGY-INTAKE, Meta-analysis, Relative risk, Systematic review, DOSE-RESPONSE METAANALYSIS, business
Abstract: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between adiposity, diabetes, and physical activity and the risk of kidney stones. PubMed and Embase were searched up to April 22nd 2018 for relevant studies. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Thirteen cohort studies were included. The summary relative risk was 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.30, I2 = 76%, n = 8) per 5 unit increment in BMI, 1.16 (95% CI 1.12–1.19, I2 = 0%, n = 5) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.06 (95% CI 1.04–1.08, I2 = 67%, n = 3) per 5 kg increase in weight and 1.12 (95% CI 1.06–1.18, I2 = 86%, n = 3) per 5 kg of weight gain. The summary RR was 1.16 (95% CI 1.03–1.31, I2 = 51%, n = 10) for participants with diabetes compared to participants without diabetes, and 0.93 (95% CI 0.78–1.10, I2 = 80%, n = 4) for high vs. low physical activity. These results suggest a positive association between adiposity and diabetes and the risk of kidney stones, but no association with physical activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-018-0426-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

40. Tobacco smoking and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Dagfinn Aune, Elio Riboli, Sabrina Schlesinger, Teresa Norat, and Commission of the European Communities
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, Sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Tobacco Smoking, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Prospective cohort study, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Smoking, Publication bias, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, Relative risk, Systematic review, Female, business
Abstract: Smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease and stroke, however, data regarding smoking and sudden cardiac death have not been summarized in a meta-analysis previously. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this association. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies of smoking and sudden cardiac death up to July 20th 2017. Prospective studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking and sudden cardiac death. Summary RRs were estimated by use of a random effects model. Twelve prospective studies were included. The summary RR was 3.06 (95% CI 2.46–3.82, I2 = 41%, pheterogeneity = 0.12, n = 7) for current smokers and 1.38 (95% CI 1.20–1.60, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.55, n = 7) for former smokers compared to never smokers. For four studies using non-current (never + former) smokers as the reference category the summary RR among current smokers was 2.08 (95% CI 1.70–2.53, I2 = 18%, pheterogeneity = 0.30). The results persisted in most of the subgroup analyses. There was no evidence of publication bias. These results confirm that smoking increases the risk of sudden cardiac death. Any further studies should investigate in more detail the effects of duration of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, pack-years, and time since quitting smoking and sudden cardiac death. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-017-0351-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
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41. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Dagfinn Aune, Elio Riboli, Sabrina Schlesinger, Teresa Norat, and World Cancer Research Fund International
Subjects: Male, Heart disease, Epidemiology, BLOOD-PRESSURE, Comorbidity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, Sudden cardiac death, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Waist–hip ratio, OBESE YOUNG-PEOPLE, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, Obesity, Abdominal, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Waist Circumference, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, ANTHROPOMETRIC FACTORS, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, CANCER-RISK, ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK, 03 medical and health sciences, BMI, LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, Internal medicine, UNEXPECTED DEATH, medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Obesity, Science & Technology, business.industry, Waist-Hip Ratio, Waist-to-hip ratio, medicine.disease, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Relative risk, Heart failure, business, Body mass index, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Although overweight and obesity are established risk factors for some types of heart disease including ischemic heart disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation, less is known about the association between adiposity and sudden cardiac death. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to clarify the association between adiposity and risk of sudden cardiac death. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to July 20th 2017. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. The summary RR was 1.16 (95% CI 1.05–1.28, I2 = 68%, n = 14) per 5 unit increment in BMI, and 1.82 (95% CI 1.61–2.07, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, and 1.03 (95% CI 0.93–1.15, I2 = 0%, n = 2) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference. The heterogeneity in the analysis of BMI and sudden cardiac death persisted across most subgroup analyses. The association was stronger among studies with longer follow-up compared to short follow-up and was observed in the European and American studies, but not in the Asian studies. There was a J-shaped association between BMI and sudden cardiac death and the lowest risk was observed in the normal weight range, however, the increased risk with a low BMI was attenuated among studies with a longer duration of follow-up. This meta-analysis suggest an increased risk of sudden cardiac death with increasing BMI and waist-to-hip ratio, however, further studies with stratification for smoking status are needed of waist circumference, weight changes and adiposity at younger ages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-017-0353-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

42. Circulating concentrations of vitamin D in relation to pancreatic cancer risk in European populations

Author: Rosario Tumino, Jody van den Ouweland, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Petra H.M. Peeters, Martin Almquist, Fränzel J.B. Van Duijnhoven, Anja Olsen, Giuseppe Matullo, Miren Dorronsoro, Heinz Freisling, Mazda Jenab, Weimin Ye, Eivind Ness-Jensen, Elio Riboli, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Jonas Manjer, Marina Kvaskoff, Veronika Fedirko, Verena Katzke, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Dagfinn Aune, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Claudia Agnoli, Mireia Obón-Santacana, Frida Renström, Elisabete Weiderpass, Claire Cadeau, Teresa Norat, Cristina Lasheras, Kay-Tee Khaw, Maria Kritikou, Salvatore Panico, Henk J. van Kranen, Karina Standahl Olsen, Nicholas J. Wareham, Anouk Halfweeg, Arnulf Langhammer, María José Sánchez, Heiner Boeing, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Domenico Palli, Antonia Trichopoulou, Ellen Kampman, Neil Murphy, Magritt Brustad, Aurelio Barricarte, Kristian Hveem, Eric J. Duell, Peter D. Siersema, Anastasia Kotanidou, and Tilman Kühn
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2, Vitamin D and neurology, Prospective cohort study, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Case-control study, 3. Good health, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Oncology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Nested case-control study, Calcifediol, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Evidence from in vivo, in vitro and ecological studies are suggestive of a protective effect of vitamin D against pancreatic cancer (PC). However, this has not been confirmed by analytical epidemiological studies. We aimed to examine the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentrations and PC incidence in European populations. We conducted a pooled nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Nord-Trondelag Health Study's second survey (HUNT2) cohorts. In total, 738 primary incident PC cases (EPIC n = 626; HUNT2 n = 112; median follow-up = 6.9 years) were matched to 738 controls. Vitamin D [25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 combined] concentrations were determined using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models with adjustments for body mass index and smoking habits were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Compared with a reference category of >50 to 75 nmol/L vitamin D, the IRRs (95% CIs) were 0.71 (0.42-1.20); 0.94 (0.72-1.22); 1.12 (0.82-1.53) and 1.26 (0.79-2.01) for clinically pre-defined categories of ≤25; >25 to 50; >75 to 100; and >100 nmol/L vitamin D, respectively (p for trend = 0.09). Corresponding analyses by quintiles of season-standardized vitamin D concentrations also did not reveal associations with PC risk (p for trend = 0.23). Although these findings among participants from the largest combination of European cohort studies to date show increasing effect estimates of PC risk with increasing pre-diagnostic concentrations of vitamin D, they are not statistically significant.
Published: 2017
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43. An update of the WCRF/AICR systematic literature review and meta-analysis on dietary and anthropometric factors and esophageal cancer risk

Author: Snieguole Vingeliene, Darren C. Greenwood, Leila Abar, Teresa Norat, Doris S. M. Chan, D. A. Navarro Rosenblatt, C. Stevens, A.R. Vieira, Elli Polemiti, and World Cancer Research Fund International
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Esophageal Neoplasms, ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION, Gastroenterology, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS, Body Size, esophageal cancer, dose-response, anthropometry, NESTED CASE-CONTROL, Hematology, Esophageal cancer, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Red meat, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Reviews, Adenocarcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, JAPAN COLLABORATIVE COHORT, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Science & Technology, UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT, business.industry, Body Weight, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Body Height, Confidence interval, Surgery, meta-analysis, BODY-MASS INDEX, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Relative risk, DOSE-RESPONSE METAANALYSIS, dose–response, diet, business, 1112 Oncology And Carcinogenesis, Body mass index, GASTRIC-CANCER, HEME IRON INTAKE
Abstract: Background In the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Second Expert Report, the expert panel judged that there was strong evidence that alcoholic drinks and body fatness increased esophageal cancer risk, whereas fruits and vegetables probably decreased its risk. The judgments were mainly based on case–control studies. As part of the Continuous Update Project, we updated the scientific evidence accumulated from cohort studies in this topic. Methods We updated the Continuous Update Project database up to 10 January 2017 by searching in PubMed and conducted dose–response meta-analyses to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effects model. Results A total of 57 cohort studies were included in 13 meta-analyses. Esophageal adenocarcinoma risk was inversely related to vegetable intake (RR per 100 g/day: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99,n = 3) and directly associated with body mass index (RR per 5 kg/m2: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.34–1.61,n = 9). For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, inverse associations were observed with fruit intake (RR for 100 g/day increment: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94,n = 3) and body mass index (RR for 5 kg/m2 increment: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.56–0.73,n = 8), and direct associations with intakes of processed meats (RR for 50 g/day increment: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11–2.28,n = 3), processed and red meats (RR for 100 g/day increment: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.82,n = 3) and alcohol (RR for 10 g/day increment: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.41,n = 6). Conclusions Evidence from cohort studies suggested a protective role of vegetables and body weight control in esophageal adenocarcinomas development. For squamous cell carcinomas, higher intakes of red and processed meats and alcohol may increase the risk, whereas fruits intake may play a protective role.
Published: 2017
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44. Height and body fatness and colorectal cancer risk: an update of the WCRF–AICR systematic review of published prospective studies

Author: Leila Abar, Snieguole Vingeliene, Darren C. Greenwood, Teresa Norat, Jakub G Sobiecki, C. Stevens, Dagfinn Aune, Sabrina Schlesinger, A.R. Vieira, Elli Polemiti, Doris S. M. Chan, and World Cancer Research Fund International
Subjects: Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Abdominal Fat, Medicine (miscellaneous), Subgroup analysis, Review, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, BMI, 0302 clinical medicine, Waist–hip ratio, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Abdominal fat, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Continuous update project, Prospective cohort study, neoplasms, Gynecology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics, business.industry, Height, Waist-Hip Ratio, Body fatness, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Body Height, Meta-analysis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Body Composition, 1111 Nutrition And Dietetics, Female, Waist Circumference, business, Colorectal Neoplasms, Body mass index
Abstract: Purpose There is no published dose–response meta-analysis on the association between height and colorectal cancer risk (CRC) by sex and anatomical sub-site. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between height and CRC risk with subgroup analysis and updated evidence on the association between body fatness and CRC risk. Methods PubMed and several other databases were searched up to November 2016. A random effects model was used to calculate dose–response summary relative risks (RR’s). Results 47 studies were included in the meta-analyses including 50,936 cases among 7,393,510 participants. The findings support the existing evidence regarding a positive association of height, general and abdominal body fatness and CRC risk. The summary RR were 1.04 [95% (CI)1.02–1.05, I² = 91%] per 5 cm increase in height, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.01–1.02, I² = 0%] per 5 kg increase in weight, 1.06 [95% (CI)1.04–1.07, I² = 83%] per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.02–1.03, I² = 4%] per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.03 [95% (CI)1.01–1.05, I² = 16%] per 0.1 unit increase in waist to hip ratio. The significant association for height and CRC risk was similar in men and women. The significant association for BMI and CRC risk was stronger in men than in women. Conclusion The positive association between height and risk of CRC suggests that life factors during childhood and early adulthood might play a role in CRC aetiology. Higher general and abdominal body fatness during adulthood are risk factors of CRC and these associations are stronger in men than in women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1557-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

45. Adult weight gain and colorectal adenomas—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Krasimira Aleksandrova, Doris S. M. Chan, C. Stevens, Sabrina Schlesinger, Snieguole Vingeliene, Dagfinn Aune, Elli Polemiti, Teresa Norat, Darren C. Greenwood, Leila Abar, and A.R. Vieria
Subjects: Adenoma, Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, colorectal adenomas, Colorectal adenoma, Weight Gain, body weight change, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Risk factor, observational studies, polyps, business.industry, Body weight gain, Hematology, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, meta-analysis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, 1112 Oncology And Carcinogenesis, Weight gain
Abstract: Background: Colorectal adenomas are known as precursors for the majority of colorectal carcinomas. While weight gain during adulthood has been identified as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, the association is less clear for colorectal adenomas. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the evidence on this association. Methods: : We searched MEDLINE up to September 2016 to identify observational (prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective) studies on weight gain during adulthood and colorectal adenoma occurrence and recurrence. We conducted meta-analysis on high weight gain versus stable weight, linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses to analyze the association. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random effects model. Results: For colorectal adenoma occurrence, the summary OR was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17-1.65; I 2 :43%, N =9 studies, cases=5,507) comparing high (midpoint: 17.4 kg) versus stable weight gain during adulthood and with each 5 kg weight gain the odds increased by 7% (2%-11%; I 2 :65%, N =7 studies). Although there was indication of non-linearity ( Pnon-linearity
Published: 2017
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46. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Teresa Norat, Serena Tonstad, Elio Riboli, Abhijit Sen, Imre Janszky, Lars J. Vatten, Pål Richard Romundstad, Dagfinn Aune, and Sabrina Schlesinger
Subjects: Epidemiology, EPICARDIAL FAT, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, Body Mass Index, Hip circumference, 0302 clinical medicine, Waist–hip ratio, Risk Factors, Fat percentage, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Adiposity, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, METABOLIC SYNDROME, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, Fat mass, Atrial fibrillation, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, Obesity, Abdominal, Waist circumference, HEART-FAILURE, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, BMI, 03 medical and health sciences, LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, MIDDLE-AGED MEN, Science & Technology, Waist-Hip Ratio, business.industry, Waist-to-hip ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Meta-analysis, PROSPECTIVE COHORT, Relative risk, FOLLOW-UP, business, Body mass index, Weight gain, Meta analysis
Abstract: Different adiposity measures have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, however, results have previously only been summarized for BMI. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to clarify the association between different adiposity measures and risk of atrial fibrillation. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 24th 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine unique prospective studies (32 publications) were included. Twenty-five studies (83,006 cases, 2,405,381 participants) were included in the analysis of BMI and atrial fibrillation. The summary RR was 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.38, I2 = 97%) per 5 unit increment in BMI, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, I2 = 73%, n = 5) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.51, I2 = 91%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist and hip circumference, respectively, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I2 = 44%, n = 4) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I2 = 94%, n = 4) per 5 kg increase in fat mass, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92–1.33, I2 = 90%, n = 3) per 10% increase in fat percentage, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.13, I2 = 74%, n = 10) per 5 kg increase in weight, and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19, I2 = 86%, n = 2) per 5% increase in weight gain. The association between BMI and atrial fibrillation was nonlinear, p nonlinearity
Published: 2017
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47. European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Alcohol drinking and cancer

Author: Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Carolina Espina, Isabelle Romieu, Annie S. Anderson, Martin Wiseman, Hilary J. Powers, Franco Berrino, Michael F. Leitzmann, Michele Cecchini, Timothy J. Key, Teresa Norat, and Chiara Scoccianti
Subjects: Cancer Research, Colorectal cancer, Epidemiology, Alcohol, Disease, COLORECTAL-CANCER, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, NECK-CANCER, Risk Factors, HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA, Neoplasms, Epidemiology of cancer, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Cancer, Primary prevention, MTHFR C677T POLYMORPHISM, Europe, POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST-CANCER, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, AERODIGESTIVE TRACT CANCER, UNITED-STATES, Guidelines as Topic, Acetaldehyde, METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE, POOLED ANALYSIS, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, European Union, Risk factor, European union, Gynecology, Cancer prevention, Science & Technology, Ethanol, business.industry, medicine.disease, Biotechnology, chemistry, Family medicine, Relative risk, business, 1112 Oncology And Carcinogenesis
Abstract: Alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. As evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs, a causal relationship is established for consumption of alcoholic beverages and cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colorectum and female breast, even at low and moderate alcohol intakes. The higher the amount of alcohol consumed, the higher the risk of developing cancer. In Europe, an estimated 10% (95% CI: 7%–13%) of all cancer cases in men and 3% (95% CI: 1%–5%) of all cancer cases in women are attributable to alcohol consumption. Several biological mechanisms explain the carcinogenicity of alcohol; among them, ethanol and its genotoxic metabolite, acetaldehyde, play a major role. Taking all this evidence into account, a recommendation of the 4th edition of European Code against Cancer is: “If you drink alcohol of any type, limit your intake. Not drinking alcohol is better for cancer prevention.”
Published: 2016
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48. Diet, body size, physical activity and risk of prostate cancer: An umbrella review of the evidence

Author: Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Marc J. Gunter, Teresa Norat, Evangelos Evangelou, John P. A. Ioannidis, Evangelia E. Ntzani, Dimitra Karli, Georgios Markozannes, and World Cancer Research Fund International
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Body Mass Index, Umbrella review, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, medicine, Body Size, Humans, Obesity, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Exercise, Adiposity, Nutrition, Gynecology, Physical activity, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Body Weight, Prostatic Neoplasms, Prediction interval, medicine.disease, Random effects model, Body Height, Confidence interval, Diet, Calcium, Dietary, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, 1112 Oncology And Carcinogenesis, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: The existing literature on the relationship between diet, body size, physical activity and prostate cancer risk was summarised by the World Cancer Research Fund Continuous Update Project (CUP). An evaluation of the robustness of this evidence is required to help inform public health policy. The robustness of this evidence was evaluated using several criteria addressing evidence strength and validity, including the statistical significance of the random effects summary estimate and of the largest study in a meta-analysis, number of prostate cancer cases, between-study heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, small-study effects bias, excess significance bias and sensitivity analyses with credibility ceilings. A total of 248 meta-analyses were extracted from the CUP, which studied associations of 23 foods, 31 nutrients, eight indices of body size and three indices of physical activity with risk of total prostate cancer development, mortality or cancer development by stage and grade. Of the 176 meta-analyses using a continuous scale to measure the exposures, no association presented strong evidence by satisfying all the aforementioned criteria. Only the association of height with total prostate cancer incidence and mortality presented highly suggestive evidence with a 4% higher risk per 5 cm greater height (95% confidence interval, 1.03, 1.05). Associations for body mass index, weight, height, dietary calcium and spirits intake were supported by suggestive evidence. Overall, the association of diet, body size, physical activity and prostate cancer has been extensively studied, but no association was graded with strong evidence.
Published: 2016
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49. Tobacco smoking and the risk of pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author: Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, and Dagfinn Aune
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective cohort study, Hepatology, Cigarettes, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Former Smoker, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Tobacco smoking, Meta-analysis, Systematic review, Pancreatitis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Relative risk, Acute pancreatitis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract: Background Tobacco smoking has been associated with increased risk of pancreatitis in several studies, however, not all studies have found an association and it is unclear whether there is a dose-response relationship between increasing amount of tobacco smoked and pancreatitis risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on tobacco smoking and pancreatitis to clarify the association. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies up to April 13th, 2019. Prospective studies that reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between tobacco smoking and pancreatitis were included and summary RRs were calculated using a random effects model. Results Ten prospective studies were included. The summary RR for acute pancreatitis was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.29–1.72, I2 = 68%, n = 7) for current smokers, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.15–1.34, I2 = 0%, n = 7) for former smokers, and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.25–1.54, I2 = 69%, n = 7) for ever smokers compared to never smokers. Similar results were observed for chronic pancreatitis and acute/chronic pancreatitis combined. The summary RR per 10 cigarettes per day was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.18–1.42, I2 = 42%, n = 3) and per 10 pack-years in current smokers was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08–1.17, I2 = 14%, n = 4) for acute pancreatitis and results were similar for chronic pancreatitis and acute/chronic pancreatitis combined. Conclusions These results suggest that tobacco smoking increases the risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis and acute and chronic pancreatitis combined and that there is a dose-response relationship between increasing number of cigarettes and pack-years and pancreatitis risk.
Published: 2019

50. World Cancer Research Fund International: Continuous Update Project-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies on physical activity, sedentary behavior, adiposity, and weight change and breast cancer risk

Author: Margarita Cariolou, Elisa V. Bandera, Leila Abar, Anne McTiernan, Darren C. Greenwood, Teresa Norat, Neesha Nanu, Doris S. M. Chan, and World Cancer Research Fund International
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, Epidemiology, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Adiposity, Systematic literature review, Weight change, NIH-AARP DIET, Observational Studies as Topic, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, ENERGY-BALANCE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Breast Neoplasms, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Exercise, Science & Technology, business.industry, Physical activity, HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY, Body Weight, ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES, Life course, FAT DISTRIBUTION, medicine.disease, BODY-MASS INDEX, Relative risk, PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR STATUS, Sedentary Behavior, business, INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPANT DATA, Body mass index
Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the complex associations between energy balance-related factors and breast cancer risk, for which previous evidence has suggested different associations in the life course of women and by hormone receptor (HR) status of the tumor. Methods Relevant publications on adulthood physical activity, sedentary behavior, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight change and pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk were identified in PubMed up to 30 April 2017. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to summarize the relative risks across studies. Results One hundred and twenty-six observational cohort studies comprising over 22,900 premenopausal and 103,000 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were meta-analyzed. Higher physical activity was inversely associated with both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, whereas increased sitting time was positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer. Although higher early adult BMI (ages 18–30 years) was inversely associated with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, adult weight gain and greater body adiposity increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, and the increased risk was evident for HR+ but not HR− breast cancers, and among never but not current users of postmenopausal hormones. The evidence was less consistent in premenopausal women. There were no associations with adult weight gain, inverse associations with adult BMI (study baseline) and hip circumference, and non-significant associations with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio that were reverted to positive associations on average in studies accounting for BMI. No significant associations were observed for HR-defined premenopausal breast cancers. Conclusion Better understanding on the impact of these factors on pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers and their subtypes along the life course is needed.
Published: 2019

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