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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 6 different imaging modalities for differentiating glioma recurrence from postradiotherapy changes by performing a network meta-analysis (NMA) using direct comparison studies with 2 or more imaging techniques.Data sources PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 2021. The Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies with the criterion for study inclusion being direct comparison using 2 or more imaging modalities.Data extraction and synthesis The consistency was evaluated by examining the agreement between direct and indirect effects. NMA was performed and the surface under the the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values was obtained to calculate the probability of each imaging modality being the most effective diagnostic method. The CINeMA tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Main outcomes and measures Direct comparison, inconsistency test, NMA and SUCRA values.Results A total of 8853 potentially relevant articles were retrieved and 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. 18F-FET showed the highest SUCRA values for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy, followed by 18F-FDOPA. The quality of the included evidence is classified as moderate.Conclusion and relevance This review indicates that 18F-FET and 18F-FDOPA may have greater diagnostic value for glioma recurrence relative to other imaging modalities (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations B).PROSPERO registration number CRD42021293075.

Background: Early diagnosis of HIV infection decreases the time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression and reduces further HIV transmission. The Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS (2021 edition) state that an HIV RNA level > 5,000 copies/mL is the threshold for diagnosing HIV infection. The impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis needs to be investigated. Methods: There were 3455 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1 + 2) antibody results (immunoblotting method) and 65,129 HIV viral load values at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2019 to 2022. A total of 2434 patients had both antibody confirmatory results and viral load results. The confirmatory antibody results and HIV viral load results of 2434 patients were analyzed to investigate the impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis. Results: Of the 2434 patients who had both confirmatory antibody results and viral load results, the viral load values of 140 patients (5.8%) had viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 5,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result, and of these 140 patients, the sample receipt time for the viral load tests of 96 (66.7%) individuals was 1 to 6 days earlier than the corresponding sample receipt time for the confirmatory antibody test. In addition, 34 patients (1.4%) had low viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 1,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a risk of missed diagnosis if a threshold of 5000 copies/mL is used for the diagnosis of HIV infection. These data provide valuable information for the early diagnosis of HIV infection, and our findings have potential benefits for decreasing HIV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tapinarof is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand which is used to treat plaque psoriasis in adults. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, we applied two of the most studied psoriasis mouse models: topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) and subcutaneous injection of IL‐23. Although both models successfully induced psoriasis‐like lesions in mice, tapinarof had a completely opposite effect on the two models. Tapinarof decreased the expression of multiple essential cytokines involved in the pathological IL‐23/IL‐17/IL‐22 axis and ameliorated IMQ‐induced psoriatic dermatitis, inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation. However, in the IL‐23‐injection‐model, tapinarof instead aggravated the disease. Here, tapinarof increased epidermal thickness and differentiated epidermal dysplasia in mice. Our data suggest that tapinarof may have different effects on varied types of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have revealed that miR-21 is abnormally expressed in breast cancer patients, suggesting that miR-21 could be exploited as a possible diagnostic biomarker for clinical applications. In order to provide clinical evidence that is supported by research, we investigate the diagnostic utility of miR-21 in breast cancer in this study. From their inception to 23 January 2022, the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched for all pertinent English literature. QUADAS-2 for literature quality assessment, GRADE for evidence grading. Statistical analyses were performed using the R 4.0.1 and Revman 5.3. The results were validated using Stata 15.1 software. Subgroup analysis was also performed according to the source of miR-21 and miR-21 combinations. Nine publications with 2048 patients were reviewed for inclusion. All of the included studies are of moderate-high quality. Meta-analysis was performed using a mixed-effects model. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR) were 0.91 [95% CI (0.86, 0.95)], 0.85 [95% CI (0.77, 0.91)], 56.62 [95% CI (21.00, 184.83)], 0.11 [95% CI (0.05, 0.18)] and 6.35 [95% CI (3.66, 11.16)], respectively. The GRADE classification for miR-21 was A, indicating a strong recommendation for breast cancer screening. The available evidence suggests that miR-21 has sufficient diagnostic value as a biomarker for breast cancer. Its diagnostic precision can be further improved by combining it with other miRNAs. Based on the GRADE review, miR-21 is strongly recommended for breast cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rearrangement of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL; also known as lysine methyltransferase 2A) gene is a recurrent genomic aberration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MLLT3, super elongation complex subunit (AF9) is one of the most common MLL fusion partners in AML. The present study aimed to explore the aberrant expression of genes associated with the MLL-AF9 translocation and identified potential new targets for the therapy of AML with MLL-AF9 translocation. The transcriptomic and epigenetic datasets were downloaded from National Center of Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes were obtained from two independent datasets (GSE68643 and GSE73457). Gene Ontology biological process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. MLL-AF9-associated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data was analyzed and identified binding sites for MLL-AF9 and wild type MLL (MLL WT). The ChIP-Seq of histone modification data was downloaded from the GEO database, including histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), histone 3 lysine 79 dimethylation (H3K79me2) and histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), was used for comparing histone modification marks between the MLL-AF9 leukemia cells and normal hematopoietic cells at MLL-AF9 and MLL WT binding sites. The differentially expressed genes with the same trend in H3K79me2, H3K27ac and H3K4me3 alteration were identified as potential MLL-AF9 direct target genes. Upon validation using RNA-Seq data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments AML project, eight potential direct target genes of MLL-AF9 were identified and further confirmed in MLL-AF9 mouse model using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These genes may have a critical role in AML with MLL-AF9 translocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mol Med Rep 21: 883-893, 2020, DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10849 Following the publication of this paper, the authors have realized that the final article did not indicate in the Authors' Contribution section that Fangce Wang and Zheng Li made equal contributions to this work (FW and ZL performed most of the statistical analyses and drafted the initial version of the manuscript). The authors and the Editor apologize for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]