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This paper focuses on an innovative end-of-use strategy: repurposing, defined as a manufacturing process through which products nearing their end-of-life are reused in different applications. We re...

International audience; Circular economy is an effective strategy to reduce globally the environmental impacts of our consumption society. However, the introduction of circular economy scenarios implies major changes in our consumption mode and in our industrial systems. Because of changes in the value chain, the new circular consumption and production scenarios imply new needs, new requirements and then characteristics for the production and organization of these circular offers. The aim of this paper is to present a characterization of the repurposing and upgrading strategies, in order to facilitate design activities related to new circular industrial scenarios. This paper presents the research approach used to characterise the upgrading and repurposing strategies and then the characteristics that have been established investigating academic and industrial projects using literature review and interviews.

Background With the advent of electronic health record (EHR) systems, there is increasing attention on the EHR system with regard to its use in facilitating patients to play active roles in their care via secure patient portals. However, there is no systematic review to comprehensively address patient portal interventions and patient outcomes. Objective This study aimed to synthesize evidence with regard to the characteristics and psychobehavioral and clinical outcomes of patient portal interventions. Methods In November 2018, we conducted searches in 3 electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and a total of 24 articles met the eligibility criteria. Results All but 3 studies were conducted in the United States. The types of study designs varied, and samples predominantly involved non-Hispanic white and highly educated patients with sizes ranging from 50 to 22,703. Most of the portal interventions used tailored alerts or educational resources tailored to the patient’s condition. Patient portal interventions lead to improvements in a wide range of psychobehavioral outcomes, such as health knowledge, self-efficacy, decision making, medication adherence, and preventive service use. Effects of patient portal interventions on clinical outcomes including blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and weight loss were mixed. Conclusions Patient portal interventions were overall effective in improving a few psychological outcomes, medication adherence, and preventive service use. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of patient portals to improve clinical outcomes. Understanding the role of patient portals as an effective intervention strategy is an essential step to encourage patients to be actively engaged in their health care.

BACKGROUND With the advent of electronic health record (EHR) systems, there is increasing attention on the EHR system with regard to its use in facilitating patients to play active roles in their care via secure patient portals. However, there is no systematic review to comprehensively address patient portal interventions and patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to synthesize evidence with regard to the characteristics and psychobehavioral and clinical outcomes of patient portal interventions. METHODS In November 2018, we conducted searches in 3 electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and a total of 24 articles met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS All but 3 studies were conducted in the United States. The types of study designs varied, and samples predominantly involved non-Hispanic white and highly educated patients with sizes ranging from 50 to 22,703. Most of the portal interventions used tailored alerts or educational resources tailored to the patient’s condition. Patient portal interventions lead to improvements in a wide range of psychobehavioral outcomes, such as health knowledge, self-efficacy, decision making, medication adherence, and preventive service use. Effects of patient portal interventions on clinical outcomes including blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and weight loss were mixed. CONCLUSIONS Patient portal interventions were overall effective in improving a few psychological outcomes, medication adherence, and preventive service use. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of patient portals to improve clinical outcomes. Understanding the role of patient portals as an effective intervention strategy is an essential step to encourage patients to be actively engaged in their health care.

International audience; The increasing presence of telecommunication offerings on the market poses the question of material and energy consumption. One way to reduce these impacts would be to shift their business model to Product-Service Systems (PSS). To study this prospective, the paper focuses on three telecom offerings provided by a French telecom carrier and analyses how close they are to PSS. The first is a classical telecom business offering dedicated to small and medium sized enterprises. The second is dedicated to the school market, providing a dematerialized solution to help the different actors to interact and share information. The third concerns retirement homes and medical establishments. It helps the medical staff to improve the safety of disabled persons. Evaluation of the cases highlights the key parameters that guide transition to PSS. The paper shows how the method can be used to understand each offer individually and also to establish priorities between the offers for introducing PSS.

National audience; Les batteries contribuent de manière forte aux impacts environnementaux globaux du système véhicule électrique. Sur le plan environnemental, leur gestion en fin de vie apparait comme un élément important de la chaine globale. La réduction des impacts environnementaux peut passer par la prolongation de la du-rée de vie de ces batteries en les réutilisant dans d'autres applications : on parle ici de repurposing. Il est dès lors nécessaire de penser, dès les phases amont de conception, l'ensemble du cycle de vie et notamment chacun des deux usages successifs ainsi que les phases de re-fabrication intermédiaires. Pour définir les paramètres de conception qui viennent en appui à des batteries repurposées, des experts batteries ont été interrogés. Pour ce faire, une grille d'entretien a été développée. Le but visé est l'identification des paramètres clefs en conception, que ce soit en termes de produits, de processus de fabrication ou de modèle d'affaires envisagé. Les premiers résultats font remonter des problématiques liées aux aspects de sécurité des batteries , aux profils des sollicitations et de densité d'énergie.

International audience; Sustainable manufacturing is a rising issue. Ensuring both consumer satisfaction and minimal environmental impact is very challenging. In that whole process, it is customary to say that the design stage determines 80 % of the future environmental impact. One way to contain this impact at an acceptable level is to manage the products' end-of-life from the design activities. This chapter points out product reuse strategies—i.e. direct reuse and remanufacturing—aiming at conserving the added-value of used products as much as possible into new products. The first contribution attempts to provide a state-of-the-art of design for these high added-value end-of-life strategies. Direct reuse and remanufacturing are thus analysed and the principal design guidelines are furthermore given, classified according to three dimensions: product, process and business model. This chapter then contributes to enlarging the spectrum of reuse strategies, presenting an innovative end-of-life strategy: repurposing. It consists of reusing products in other applications after transformations. The main challenges of such a strategy will be discussed.

International audience; End-of-Life (EoL) strategies, and especially products' lifespan extension, are becoming key issues for more and more manufacturers. Their implementations have to be done from the design stage and may be facilitated with design methodologies and guidelines. However, if a function of the system is no longer efficient enough during its use phase, in such a way that remanufacturing and upgrading may not be considered, the system has reached its final EoL, even if it might have been used for other applications. To address such kind of situations, the present paper investigates the concept of Design-2-Life (D2L) systems. To do so, EoL strategies will be explored to understand the key issues. Then a clear explanation of D2L concept will be proposed as well as its main characteristics. Finally we will discuss the challenges of this new approach and the advantages to develop it under a PSS framework. The case of batteries used in electric cars will be used to illustrate the concept.