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There are currently no accurate rules for manually delineating the subregions of the heart (cavities, vessels, aortic/mitral valves, Planning organ at Risk Volumes for coronary arteries) with the perspective of deep-learning based modeling. Our objective was to present a practical pictorial view for radiation oncologists, based on the RTOG atlas and anatomical complementary considerations for the cases where the RTOG guidelines are missing.

Abstract Objectives To characterise the motion of pulmonary tumours during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and to evaluate different margins when creating the planning target volume (PTV) on a single 4D CT scan (4DCT). Methods We conducted a retrospective single-site analysis on 30 patients undergoing lung SBRT. Two 4DCTs (4DCT1 and 4DCT2) were performed on all patients. First, motion was recorded for each 4DCT in anterior–posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI) and rightleft (RL) directions. Then, we used 3 different margins (3,4 and 5 mm) to create the PTV, from the internal target volume (ITV) of 4DCT1 only (PTV D1 + 3, PTV D1 + 4, PTV D1 + 5). We compared, using the Dice coefficient, the volumes of these 3 PTVs, to the PTV actually used for the treatment (PTVttt). Finally, new treatment plans were calculated using only these 3 PTVs. We studied the ratio of the D2%, D50% and D98% between each new plan and the plan actually used for the treatment (D2% PTVttt, D50% PTVttt, D50% ITVttt D98% PTVttt). Results 30 lesions were studied. The greatest motion was observed in the SI axis (8.8 ± 6.6 [0.4–25.8] mm). The Dice index was higher when comparing PTVttt to PTV D1 + 4 mm (0.89 ± 0.04 [0.82–0.98]). Large differences were observed when comparing plans relative to PTVttt and PTV D1 + 3 for D98% PTVttt (0.85 ± 0.24 [0.19–1.00]). and also for D98% ITVttt (0.93 ± 0.12 [0.4–1.0]).D98% PTVttt (0.85 ± 0.24 [0.19–1.00], p value = 0.003) was statistically different when comparing plans relative to PTVttt and PTV D1 + 3. No stastistically differences were observed when comparing plans relative to PTVttt and PTV D1 + 4. A difference greater than 10% relative to D98% PTVttt was found for only in one UL lesion, located under the carina. Conclusion A single 4DCT appears feasible for upper lobe lesions located above the carina, using a 4-mm margin to generate the PTV. Advance in knowledge Propostion of a personalized SBRT treatment (number of 4DCT, margins) according to tumor location (above or under the carina).

Abstract The MMX infrared spectrometer (MIRS) is an imaging spectrometer onboard MMX JAXA mission. MMX (Martian Moon eXploration) is scheduled to be launched in 2024 with sample return to Earth in 2029. MIRS is built at LESIA-Paris Observatory in collaboration with four other French laboratories, collaboration and financial support of CNES and close collaboration with JAXA and MELCO. The instrument is designed to fully accomplish MMX’s scientific and measurement objectives. MIRS will remotely provide near-infrared spectral maps of Phobos and Deimos containing compositional diagnostic spectral features that will be used to analyze the surface composition and to support the sampling site selection. MIRS will also study Mars atmosphere, in particular spatial and temporal changes such as clouds, dust and water vapor. Graphical Abstract

Introduction: Heart transplantation is the standard treatment for severe heart failure. Graft preservation and infectious risk secondary to immunosuppressive drugs lead healthcare teams to offer nutritional advice to patients upon discharge from the hospital. However, no consensus or recommendation is available. Method: We conducted a study to review the practices in all 26 centers providing heart transplantation in French-speaking Europe. We requested and analyzed the written documents these centers provided to their patients. The same two dieticians categorized the highlighted pieces of advice into distinct, autonomous categories. Results: We identified 116 pieces of advice, categorized into three areas: dietary restrictions for immunosuppressant/food interaction; environmental and food preparation guidelines and prevention of foodborne infections; and healthy and active lifestyle recommendations. Except for advice on immunosuppressant/food interaction, over one-third of the centers suggest discontinuing advice within 2 years post-transplant. General dietary advice covers lipids, carbohydrates, protein, calcium, sodium, and fiber but offers limited guidance on fatty acids despite their importance in cardiovascular risk prevention. Conclusion: This study represents a pioneering exploration of the nutritional advice provided to patients following cardiac transplantation. It underscores the critical necessity of establishing consensus-based clinical guidelines in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have implemented a specific data mining process to explore the relationship between biological indices and physico-chemical pressures in rivers. Data were collected in the framework of the French National monitoring network set up to assess the ecological status of rivers under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Chemical parameters and biological indices were collected regularly from 1.781 locations in metropolitan France from 2007 to 2013. The sequential pattern mining process generates closed partially ordered patterns representing a succession of physico-chemical events that precede a given biological index in a given status, validated using a subset of data. This paper focuses on the patterns and their occurrence. We showed that biological statuses depend on these temporal successions of alterations and not only on the last alterations. The physico-chemical statuses of water bodies usually appeared to be higher than their biological statuses, suggesting synergism between toxicants and/or an additive impact of other stressors related to hydromorphology or hydrology. Patterns found in the highest biological status for the biological indices based on macroinvertebrates, diatoms, macrophytes or fish, were characterised by the constancy of a high physico-chemical status over time. By contrast, before indices based on macroinvertebrates and macrophytes, two types of patterns were observed for bad biological status: (1) a chronic multi-pressure pattern, in which pressure categories such as nitrates, pesticides and other organic hydrocarbons, in moderate, poor or bad status, repeated themselves several times over time, or (2) a single occurrence of a degraded pressure category, such as one moderate nitrogen, excluding nitrate, or one poor oxidizable organic matter, among other pressure categories in good status. Extracting such patterns is a promising solution both to disentangle the effects of the different stressors on water quality, and to identify the key temporal sequences among them in a context of multi-stress conditions, which is a challenge currently facing the WFD.

Africa is rapidly urbanising, and transport systems often cannot keep pace, leading to disconnected cities that might entrench car dependency (and preference), along with gender and socioeconomic inequality. In Ghana, transport emissions have risen 75% between 2000 to 2016, along with congestion, pollution and traffic accidents – despite attempts to quell the problem via bans on aged vehicles or more recently, penalties. This paper builds on prior work and argues that putting accessibility at the centre of transport systems will foster sustainability in these cities, yet such data is difficult to find, especially gender-sensitive mobility data. This paper uses a novel approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, to study the accessibility across genders in Kumasi and Accra and identify future scenarios for sustainable and accessible systems. This working paper presents preliminary findings.

Les espaces de nature en ville sont porteurs de l’amélioration de la qualité de vie en milieu urbain. En 2014, la ville de Strasbourg a initié un projet d’identification et de construction d’un tissu naturel urbain mettant en connexion les espaces de nature existants à l’aide de graphes paysagers fondés sur le cheminement d’un animal. À travers la présentation de cette démarche originale, cet article nous démontre comment la modélisation de réseaux écologiques s’avère être un outil de diagnostic efficace pour comprendre les enjeux de la connectivité ainsi qu’un outil de prospective pour orienter sur le long terme les politiques d’aménagement du territoire.

Les espaces de nature en ville sont porteurs de l'amélioration de la qualité de vie en milieu urbain. En 2014, la ville de Strasbourg a initié un projet d'identification et de construction d'un tissu naturel urbain (TNU) mettant en connexion les espaces de nature existants à l'aide de graphes paysagers fondés sur le cheminement d'un animal. La connectivité du paysage a été déterminée sur la base de la définition de l'habitat optimal de l'Écureuil roux (Sciurus vulgaris), de ses préférences de déplacement et de sa mobilité en ville. L'objectif de cet article est de présenter notre démarche originale pour identifier les liens les plus favorables, évaluer l'importance de certaines taches d'habitat et décrire une connectivité potentielle à l'échelle de la ville de Strasbourg. La modélisation de réseaux écologiques s'avère être un outil de diagnostic efficace pour comprendre les enjeux de la connectivité ainsi qu'un outil de prospective pour orienter sur le long terme les politiques d'aménagement du territoire.