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3. A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Legate, N, Nguyen, T, Weinstein, N, Moller, A, Legault, L, Vally, Z, Tajchman, Z, Zsido, A, Zrimsek, M, Chen, Z, Ziano, I, Gialitaki, Z, Ceary, C, Jang, Y, Lin, Y, Kunisato, Y, Yamada, Y, Xiao, Q, Jiang, X, Du, X, Yao, E, Ryan, W, Wilson, J, Cyrus-Lai, W, Jimenez-Leal, W, Law, W, Unanue, W, Collins, W, Richard, K, Vranka, M, Ankushev, V, Schei, V, Lerche, V, Kovic, V, Krizanic, V, Kadreva, V, Adoric, V, Tran, U, Yeung, S, Hassan, W, Houston, R, Machin, M, Lima, T, Ostermann, T, Frizzo, T, Sverdrup, T, House, T, Gill, T, Fedotov, M, Paltrow, T, Jernsather, T, Rahman, T, Machin, T, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M, Hostler, T, Ishii, T, Szaszi, B, Adamus, S, Suter, L, von Bormann, S, Habib, S, Studzinska, A, Stojanovska, D, Janssen, S, Stieger, S, Schulenberg, S, Tatachari, S, Azouaghe, S, Sorokowski, P, Sorokowska, A, Song, X, Morbee, S, Lewis, S, Sinkolova, S, Grigoryev, D, Drexler, S, Daches, S, Levine, S, Geniole, S, Akter, S, Vracar, S, Massoni, S, Costa, S, Zorjan, S, Sarioguz, E, Izquierdo, S, Tshonda, S, Alves, S, Pontinen, S, Solas, S, Ordonez-Riano, S, Ocovaj, S, Onie, S, Lins, S, Biberauer, T, Coksan, S, Khumkom, S, Sacakli, A, Ruiz-Fernandez, S, Geiger, S, Modares, S, Walczak, R, Betlehem, R, Vilar, R, Carcamo, R, Ross, R, Mccarthy, R, Ballantyne, T, Westgate, E, Ryan, R, Gargurevich, R, Afhami, R, Ren, D, Monteiro, R, Reips, U, Reggev, N, Calin-Jagema, R, Pourafshari, R, Oliveira, R, Nedelcheva-Datsova, M, Rahal, R, Ribeiro, R, Radtke, T, Searston, R, Jai-ai, R, Habte, R, Zdybek, P, Chen, S, Wajanatinapart, P, Maturan, P, Perillo, J, Isager, P, Kacmar, P, Macapagal, P, Maniaci, M, Szwed, P, Hanel, P, Forbes, P, Arriaga, P, Paris, B, Parashar, N, Papachristopoulos, K, Correa, P, Kacha, O, Bernardo, M, Campos, O, Bravo, O, Galindo-Caballero, O, Ogbonnaya, C, Bialobrzeska, O, Kiselnikova, N, Simonovic, N, Cohen, N, Nock, N, Hernandez, A, Thogersen-Ntouma, C, Ntoumanis, N, Johannes, N, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Say, N, Neubauer, A, Martin, N, Torunsky, N, van Antwerpen, N, Van Doren, N, Sunami, N, Rachev, N, Majeed, N, Schmidt, N, Nadif, K, Corral-Frias, N, Ouherrou, N, Abbas, N, Pantazi, M, Lucas, M, Vasilev, M, Ortiz, M, Butt, M, Kurfali, M, Kabir, M, Muda, R, Rivera, M, Sirota, M, Seehuus, M, Parzuchowski, M, Toro, M, Hricova, M, Maldonado, M, Rentzelas, P, Vansteenkiste, M, Metz, M, Marszalek, M, Karekla, M, Mioni, G, Bosma, M, Westerlund, M, Vdovic, M, Bialek, M, Silan, M, Anne, M, Misiak, M, Gugliandolo, M, Grinberg, M, Capizzi, M, Barria, M, Mensink, M, Harutyunyan, M, Khosla, M, Dunn, M, Korbmacher, M, Adamkovic, M, Ribeiro, M, Terskova, M, Hruska, M, Martoncik, M, Voracek, M, Cadek, M, Frias-Armenta, M, Kowal, M, Topor, M, Roczniewska, M, Oosterlinck, M, Kohlova, M, Paruzel-Czachura, M, Sabristov, M, Romanova, M, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Lund, M, Antoniadi, M, Magrin, M, Jones, M, Li, M, Manavalan, M, Muminov, A, Kossowska, M, Friedemann, M, Wielgus, M, van Hooff, M, Varella, M, Standage, M, Nicolotti, M, Colloff, M, Bradford, M, Vaughn, L, Eudave, L, Vieira, L, Lu, J, Pineda, L, Matos, L, Perez, L, Lazarevic, L, Jaremka, L, Smit, E, Kushnir, E, Ferguson, L, Anton-Boicuk, L, Coelho, G, Ahlgren, L, Liga, F, Levitan, C, Micheli, L, Gunton, L, Volz, L, Stojanovska, M, Boucher, L, Samojlenko, L, Delgado, L, Kaliska, L, Beatrix, L, Warmelink, L, Rojas-Berscia, L, Yu, K, Wylie, K, Wachowicz, J, Desai, K, Barzykowski, K, Kozma, L, Evans, K, Kirgizova, K, Agesin, B, Koehn, M, Wolfe, K, Korobova, T, Morris, K, Klevjer, K, van Schie, K, Vezirian, K, Damnjanovic, K, Thommesen, K, Schmidt, K, Filip, K, Staniaszek, K, Grzech, K, Hoyer, K, Moon, K, Khaobunmasiri, S, Rana, K, Janjic, K, Suchow, J, Kielinska, J, Vasquez, J, Chanal, J, Beitner, J, Vargas-Nieto, J, Roxas, J, Taber, J, Urriago-Rayo, J, Pavlacic, J, Benka, J, Bavolar, J, Soto, J, Olofsson, J, Vilsmeier, J, Messerschmidt, J, Czamanski-Cohen, J, Waterschoot, J, Moss, J, Boudesseul, J, Lee, J, Kamburidis, J, Joy-Gaba, J, Zickfeld, J, Miranda, J, Verharen, J, Hristova, E, Beshears, J, Djordjevic, J, Bosch, J, Valentova, J, Antfolk, J, Berkessel, J, Schrotter, J, Urban, J, Roer, J, Norton, J, Silva, J, Pickering, J, Vintr, J, Uttley, J, Kunst, J, Ndukaihe, I, Iyer, A, Vilares, I, Ivanov, A, Ropovik, I, Sula, I, Sarieva, I, Metin-Orta, I, Prusova, I, Pinto, I, Bozdoc, A, Almeida, I, Pit, I, Dalgar, I, Zakharov, I, Arinze, A, Ihaya, K, Stephen, I, Gjoneska, B, Brohmer, H, Flowe, H, Godbersen, H, Kocalar, H, Hedgebeth, M, Chuan-Peng, H, Sharifian, M, Manley, H, Akkas, H, Hajdu, N, Azab, H, Kaminski, G, Nilsonne, G, Anjum, G, Travaglino, G, Feldman, G, Pfuhl, G, Czarnek, G, Marcu, G, Hofer, G, Banik, G, Adetula, G, Bijlstra, G, Verbruggen, F, Kung, F, Martela, F, Foroni, F, Forest, J, Singer, G, Muchembled, F, Azevedo, F, Mosannenzadeh, F, Marinova, E, Strukelj, E, Etebari, Z, Bradshaw, E, Baskin, E, Garcia, E, Musser, E, van Steenkiste, I, Ahn, E, Quested, E, Pronizius, E, Jackson, E, Manunta, E, Agadullina, E, Sakan, D, Dursun, P, Dujols, O, Dubrov, D, Willis, M, Tumer, M, Beaudry, J, Popovic, D, Dunleavy, D, Djamai, I, Krupic, D, Herrera, D, Vega, D, Du, H, Mola, D, Chakarova, D, Davis, W, Holford, D, Lewis, D, Vaidis, D, Ozery, D, Ricaurte, D, Storage, D, Sousa, D, Alvarez, D, Boller, D, Dalla Rosa, A, Dimova, D, Marko, D, Moreau, D, Reeck, C, Correia, R, Whitt, C, Lamm, C, Solorzano, C, von Bastian, C, Sutherland, C, Overkott, C, Aberson, C, Wang, C, Niemiec, C, Karashiali, C, Noone, C, Chiu, F, Picciocchi, C, Brownlow, C, Karaarslan, C, Cellini, N, Esteban-Serna, C, Reyna, C, Ferreyra, C, Batres, C, Li, R, Grano, C, Carpentier, J, Tamnes, C, Fu, C, Ishkhanyan, B, Bylinina, L, Jaeger, B, Bundt, C, Allred, T, Vermote, B, Bokkour, A, Bogatyreva, N, Shi, J, Chopik, W, Antazo, B, Behzadnia, B, Becker, M, Bayyat, M, Cocco, B, Chou, W, Barkoukis, V, Hubena, B, Zuro, B, Aczel, B, Baklanova, E, Bai, H, Balci, B, Babincak, P, Soenens, B, Dixson, B, Mokady, A, Kappes, H, Atari, M, Szala, A, Szabelska, A, Aruta, J, Domurat, A, Arinze, N, Modena, A, Adiguzel, A, Monajem, A, El Arabi, K, Ozdogru, A, Rothbaum, A, Torres, A, Theodoropoulou, A, Skowronek, A, Jurkovic, A, Singh, A, Kassianos, A, Findor, A, Hartanto, A, Landry, A, Ferreira, A, Santos, A, De la Rosa-Gomez, A, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A, Luxon, A, Todsen, A, Karababa, A, Janak, A, Pilato, A, Bran, A, Tullett, A, Kuzminska, A, Krafnick, A, Urooj, A, Khaoudi, A, Ahmed, A, Groyecka-Bernard, A, Askelund, A, Adetula, A, Belaus, A, Charyate, A, Wichman, A, Stoyanova, A, Greenburgh, A, Thomas, A, Arvanitis, A, Forscher, P, Mallik, P, Coles, N, Miller, J, Moshontz, H, Urry, H, Ijzerman, H, Basnight-Brown, D, Ebersole, C, Chartier, C, Buchanan, E, Primbs, M, Nguyen, TV, Zsido, AN, Ceary, CD, Jang, YN, Lin, YJ, Xiao, QY, Jiang, XM, Du, XK, Ryan, WS, Wilson, JP, Collins, WM, Richard, KL, Kadreva, VH, Adoric, VC, Tran, US, Yeung, SK, Machin, MA, Lima, TJS, Sverdrup, TE, Hostler, TJ, von Bormann, SM, Janssen, SMJ, Schulenberg, SE, Drexler, SM, Levine, SL, Geniole, SN, Izquierdo, SM, Tshonda, SS, Alves, SG, Solas, SA, Ocovaj, SB, Geiger, SJ, Modares, SF, Walczak, RB, Carcamo, RA, Ross, RM, McCarthy, R, Westgate, EC, Ryan, RM, Ren, DN, Monteiro, RP, Reips, UD, Calin-Jagema, RJ, Rahal, RM, Ribeiro, RR, Chen, SC, Maturan, PLG, Perillo, JT, Isager, PM, Macapagal, PM, Maniaci, MR, Hanel, PHP, Forbes, PAG, Correa, PS, Bravo, ON, Galindo-Caballero, OJ, Ogbonnaya, CE, Nock, NL, Neubauer, AB, Martin, NI, Rachev, NR, Majeed, NM, Schmidt, ND, Corral-Frias, NS, Lucas, MY, Vasilev, MR, Ortiz, MV, Butt, MM, Rivera, MDT, Maldonado, MA, Metz, MA, Bosma, MJ, Silan, MA, Gugliandolo, MC, Barria, MFE, Kurfali, MA, Mensink, MC, Dunn, MR, Ribeiro, MFF, Kohlova, MB, Lund, ML, Magrin, ME, Jones, MV, Li, MY, Ortiz, MS, van Hooff, MLM, Varella, MAC, Colloff, MF, Vaughn, LA, Lu, JG, Pineda, LMS, Perez, LC, Lazarevic, LB, Jaremka, LM, Smit, ES, Ferguson, LJ, Coelho, GLD, Levitan, CA, Gunton, LA, Delgado, LGJ, Rojas-Berscia, LM, Agesin, BBE, Koehn, MA, Thommesen, KK, Suchow, JW, Vasquez, JEC, Vargas-Nieto, JC, Roxas, JCT, Pavlacic, JM, Soto, JA, Olofsson, JK, Vilsmeier, JK, Moss, JD, Lee, JM, Joy-Gaba, JA, Miranda, JF, Verharen, JPH, Beshears, JE, Djordjevic, JM, Valentova, JV, Berkessel, JB, Roer, JP, Norton, JO, Silva, JR, Pickering, JS, Kunst, JR, Ndukaihe, ILG, Bozdoc, AI, Almeida, IAT, Pit, IL, Arinze, AI, Stephen, ID, Kocalar, HE, Hedgebeth, MV, Travaglino, GA, Marcu, GM, Adetula, GA, Kung, FYH, Bradshaw, EL, Garcia, EOL, van Steenkiste, IMM, Ahn, ER, Jackson, EA, Beaudry, JL, Du, HF, Davis, WE, Holford, DL, Lewis, DMG, Vaidis, DC, Ozery, DH, Ricaurte, DZ, Alvarez, DS, Correia, RC, Whitt, CM, Solorzano, CS, von Bastian, CC, Sutherland, CAM, Aberson, CL, Wang, CH, Niemiec, CP, Li, RR, Tamnes, CK, Fu, CHY, Allred, TB, Vermote, BJ, Shi, JX, Chopik, WJ, Bayyat, MM, Chou, WL, Balci, BB, Dixson, BJW, Kappes, HB, Aruta, JJB, Arinze, NC, El Arabi, KA, Ozdogru, AA, Rothbaum, AO, Torres, AO, Jurkovic, AP, Kassianos, AP, Landry, AT, Santos, AC, Luxon, AM, Todsen, AL, Tullett, AM, Kuzminska, AO, Krafnick, AJ, Askelund, AD, Charyate, AC, Wichman, AL, Thomas, AG, Forscher, PS, Mallik, PR, Coles, NA, Miller, JK, Urry, HL, IJzerman, H, Basnight-Brown, DM, Ebersole, CR, Chartier, CR, Buchanan, EM, Primbs, MA, Legate, N, Nguyen, T, Weinstein, N, Moller, A, Legault, L, Vally, Z, Tajchman, Z, Zsido, A, Zrimsek, M, Chen, Z, Ziano, I, Gialitaki, Z, Ceary, C, Jang, Y, Lin, Y, Kunisato, Y, Yamada, Y, Xiao, Q, Jiang, X, Du, X, Yao, E, Ryan, W, Wilson, J, Cyrus-Lai, W, Jimenez-Leal, W, Law, W, Unanue, W, Collins, W, Richard, K, Vranka, M, Ankushev, V, Schei, V, Lerche, V, Kovic, V, Krizanic, V, Kadreva, V, Adoric, V, Tran, U, Yeung, S, Hassan, W, Houston, R, Machin, M, Lima, T, Ostermann, T, Frizzo, T, Sverdrup, T, House, T, Gill, T, Fedotov, M, Paltrow, T, Jernsather, T, Rahman, T, Machin, T, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M, Hostler, T, Ishii, T, Szaszi, B, Adamus, S, Suter, L, von Bormann, S, Habib, S, Studzinska, A, Stojanovska, D, Janssen, S, Stieger, S, Schulenberg, S, Tatachari, S, Azouaghe, S, Sorokowski, P, Sorokowska, A, Song, X, Morbee, S, Lewis, S, Sinkolova, S, Grigoryev, D, Drexler, S, Daches, S, Levine, S, Geniole, S, Akter, S, Vracar, S, Massoni, S, Costa, S, Zorjan, S, Sarioguz, E, Izquierdo, S, Tshonda, S, Alves, S, Pontinen, S, Solas, S, Ordonez-Riano, S, Ocovaj, S, Onie, S, Lins, S, Biberauer, T, Coksan, S, Khumkom, S, Sacakli, A, Ruiz-Fernandez, S, Geiger, S, Modares, S, Walczak, R, Betlehem, R, Vilar, R, Carcamo, R, Ross, R, Mccarthy, R, Ballantyne, T, Westgate, E, Ryan, R, Gargurevich, R, Afhami, R, Ren, D, Monteiro, R, Reips, U, Reggev, N, Calin-Jagema, R, Pourafshari, R, Oliveira, R, Nedelcheva-Datsova, M, Rahal, R, Ribeiro, R, Radtke, T, Searston, R, Jai-ai, R, Habte, R, Zdybek, P, Chen, S, Wajanatinapart, P, Maturan, P, Perillo, J, Isager, P, Kacmar, P, Macapagal, P, Maniaci, M, Szwed, P, Hanel, P, Forbes, P, Arriaga, P, Paris, B, Parashar, N, Papachristopoulos, K, Correa, P, Kacha, O, Bernardo, M, Campos, O, Bravo, O, Galindo-Caballero, O, Ogbonnaya, C, Bialobrzeska, O, Kiselnikova, N, Simonovic, N, Cohen, N, Nock, N, Hernandez, A, Thogersen-Ntouma, C, Ntoumanis, N, Johannes, N, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Say, N, Neubauer, A, Martin, N, Torunsky, N, van Antwerpen, N, Van Doren, N, Sunami, N, Rachev, N, Majeed, N, Schmidt, N, Nadif, K, Corral-Frias, N, Ouherrou, N, Abbas, N, Pantazi, M, Lucas, M, Vasilev, M, Ortiz, M, Butt, M, Kurfali, M, Kabir, M, Muda, R, Rivera, M, Sirota, M, Seehuus, M, Parzuchowski, M, Toro, M, Hricova, M, Maldonado, M, Rentzelas, P, Vansteenkiste, M, Metz, M, Marszalek, M, Karekla, M, Mioni, G, Bosma, M, Westerlund, M, Vdovic, M, Bialek, M, Silan, M, Anne, M, Misiak, M, Gugliandolo, M, Grinberg, M, Capizzi, M, Barria, M, Mensink, M, Harutyunyan, M, Khosla, M, Dunn, M, Korbmacher, M, Adamkovic, M, Ribeiro, M, Terskova, M, Hruska, M, Martoncik, M, Voracek, M, Cadek, M, Frias-Armenta, M, Kowal, M, Topor, M, Roczniewska, M, Oosterlinck, M, Kohlova, M, Paruzel-Czachura, M, Sabristov, M, Romanova, M, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Lund, M, Antoniadi, M, Magrin, M, Jones, M, Li, M, Manavalan, M, Muminov, A, Kossowska, M, Friedemann, M, Wielgus, M, van Hooff, M, Varella, M, Standage, M, Nicolotti, M, Colloff, M, Bradford, M, Vaughn, L, Eudave, L, Vieira, L, Lu, J, Pineda, L, Matos, L, Perez, L, Lazarevic, L, Jaremka, L, Smit, E, Kushnir, E, Ferguson, L, Anton-Boicuk, L, Coelho, G, Ahlgren, L, Liga, F, Levitan, C, Micheli, L, Gunton, L, Volz, L, Stojanovska, M, Boucher, L, Samojlenko, L, Delgado, L, Kaliska, L, Beatrix, L, Warmelink, L, Rojas-Berscia, L, Yu, K, Wylie, K, Wachowicz, J, Desai, K, Barzykowski, K, Kozma, L, Evans, K, Kirgizova, K, Agesin, B, Koehn, M, Wolfe, K, Korobova, T, Morris, K, Klevjer, K, van Schie, K, Vezirian, K, Damnjanovic, K, Thommesen, K, Schmidt, K, Filip, K, Staniaszek, K, Grzech, K, Hoyer, K, Moon, K, Khaobunmasiri, S, Rana, K, Janjic, K, Suchow, J, Kielinska, J, Vasquez, J, Chanal, J, Beitner, J, Vargas-Nieto, J, Roxas, J, Taber, J, Urriago-Rayo, J, Pavlacic, J, Benka, J, Bavolar, J, Soto, J, Olofsson, J, Vilsmeier, J, Messerschmidt, J, Czamanski-Cohen, J, Waterschoot, J, Moss, J, Boudesseul, J, Lee, J, Kamburidis, J, Joy-Gaba, J, Zickfeld, J, Miranda, J, Verharen, J, Hristova, E, Beshears, J, Djordjevic, J, Bosch, J, Valentova, J, Antfolk, J, Berkessel, J, Schrotter, J, Urban, J, Roer, J, Norton, J, Silva, J, Pickering, J, Vintr, J, Uttley, J, Kunst, J, Ndukaihe, I, Iyer, A, Vilares, I, Ivanov, A, Ropovik, I, Sula, I, Sarieva, I, Metin-Orta, I, Prusova, I, Pinto, I, Bozdoc, A, Almeida, I, Pit, I, Dalgar, I, Zakharov, I, Arinze, A, Ihaya, K, Stephen, I, Gjoneska, B, Brohmer, H, Flowe, H, Godbersen, H, Kocalar, H, Hedgebeth, M, Chuan-Peng, H, Sharifian, M, Manley, H, Akkas, H, Hajdu, N, Azab, H, Kaminski, G, Nilsonne, G, Anjum, G, Travaglino, G, Feldman, G, Pfuhl, G, Czarnek, G, Marcu, G, Hofer, G, Banik, G, Adetula, G, Bijlstra, G, Verbruggen, F, Kung, F, Martela, F, Foroni, F, Forest, J, Singer, G, Muchembled, F, Azevedo, F, Mosannenzadeh, F, Marinova, E, Strukelj, E, Etebari, Z, Bradshaw, E, Baskin, E, Garcia, E, Musser, E, van Steenkiste, I, Ahn, E, Quested, E, Pronizius, E, Jackson, E, Manunta, E, Agadullina, E, Sakan, D, Dursun, P, Dujols, O, Dubrov, D, Willis, M, Tumer, M, Beaudry, J, Popovic, D, Dunleavy, D, Djamai, I, Krupic, D, Herrera, D, Vega, D, Du, H, Mola, D, Chakarova, D, Davis, W, Holford, D, Lewis, D, Vaidis, D, Ozery, D, Ricaurte, D, Storage, D, Sousa, D, Alvarez, D, Boller, D, Dalla Rosa, A, Dimova, D, Marko, D, Moreau, D, Reeck, C, Correia, R, Whitt, C, Lamm, C, Solorzano, C, von Bastian, C, Sutherland, C, Overkott, C, Aberson, C, Wang, C, Niemiec, C, Karashiali, C, Noone, C, Chiu, F, Picciocchi, C, Brownlow, C, Karaarslan, C, Cellini, N, Esteban-Serna, C, Reyna, C, Ferreyra, C, Batres, C, Li, R, Grano, C, Carpentier, J, Tamnes, C, Fu, C, Ishkhanyan, B, Bylinina, L, Jaeger, B, Bundt, C, Allred, T, Vermote, B, Bokkour, A, Bogatyreva, N, Shi, J, Chopik, W, Antazo, B, Behzadnia, B, Becker, M, Bayyat, M, Cocco, B, Chou, W, Barkoukis, V, Hubena, B, Zuro, B, Aczel, B, Baklanova, E, Bai, H, Balci, B, Babincak, P, Soenens, B, Dixson, B, Mokady, A, Kappes, H, Atari, M, Szala, A, Szabelska, A, Aruta, J, Domurat, A, Arinze, N, Modena, A, Adiguzel, A, Monajem, A, El Arabi, K, Ozdogru, A, Rothbaum, A, Torres, A, Theodoropoulou, A, Skowronek, A, Jurkovic, A, Singh, A, Kassianos, A, Findor, A, Hartanto, A, Landry, A, Ferreira, A, Santos, A, De la Rosa-Gomez, A, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A, Luxon, A, Todsen, A, Karababa, A, Janak, A, Pilato, A, Bran, A, Tullett, A, Kuzminska, A, Krafnick, A, Urooj, A, Khaoudi, A, Ahmed, A, Groyecka-Bernard, A, Askelund, A, Adetula, A, Belaus, A, Charyate, A, Wichman, A, Stoyanova, A, Greenburgh, A, Thomas, A, Arvanitis, A, Forscher, P, Mallik, P, Coles, N, Miller, J, Moshontz, H, Urry, H, Ijzerman, H, Basnight-Brown, D, Ebersole, C, Chartier, C, Buchanan, E, Primbs, M, Nguyen, TV, Zsido, AN, Ceary, CD, Jang, YN, Lin, YJ, Xiao, QY, Jiang, XM, Du, XK, Ryan, WS, Wilson, JP, Collins, WM, Richard, KL, Kadreva, VH, Adoric, VC, Tran, US, Yeung, SK, Machin, MA, Lima, TJS, Sverdrup, TE, Hostler, TJ, von Bormann, SM, Janssen, SMJ, Schulenberg, SE, Drexler, SM, Levine, SL, Geniole, SN, Izquierdo, SM, Tshonda, SS, Alves, SG, Solas, SA, Ocovaj, SB, Geiger, SJ, Modares, SF, Walczak, RB, Carcamo, RA, Ross, RM, McCarthy, R, Westgate, EC, Ryan, RM, Ren, DN, Monteiro, RP, Reips, UD, Calin-Jagema, RJ, Rahal, RM, Ribeiro, RR, Chen, SC, Maturan, PLG, Perillo, JT, Isager, PM, Macapagal, PM, Maniaci, MR, Hanel, PHP, Forbes, PAG, Correa, PS, Bravo, ON, Galindo-Caballero, OJ, Ogbonnaya, CE, Nock, NL, Neubauer, AB, Martin, NI, Rachev, NR, Majeed, NM, Schmidt, ND, Corral-Frias, NS, Lucas, MY, Vasilev, MR, Ortiz, MV, Butt, MM, Rivera, MDT, Maldonado, MA, Metz, MA, Bosma, MJ, Silan, MA, Gugliandolo, MC, Barria, MFE, Kurfali, MA, Mensink, MC, Dunn, MR, Ribeiro, MFF, Kohlova, MB, Lund, ML, Magrin, ME, Jones, MV, Li, MY, Ortiz, MS, van Hooff, MLM, Varella, MAC, Colloff, MF, Vaughn, LA, Lu, JG, Pineda, LMS, Perez, LC, Lazarevic, LB, Jaremka, LM, Smit, ES, Ferguson, LJ, Coelho, GLD, Levitan, CA, Gunton, LA, Delgado, LGJ, Rojas-Berscia, LM, Agesin, BBE, Koehn, MA, Thommesen, KK, Suchow, JW, Vasquez, JEC, Vargas-Nieto, JC, Roxas, JCT, Pavlacic, JM, Soto, JA, Olofsson, JK, Vilsmeier, JK, Moss, JD, Lee, JM, Joy-Gaba, JA, Miranda, JF, Verharen, JPH, Beshears, JE, Djordjevic, JM, Valentova, JV, Berkessel, JB, Roer, JP, Norton, JO, Silva, JR, Pickering, JS, Kunst, JR, Ndukaihe, ILG, Bozdoc, AI, Almeida, IAT, Pit, IL, Arinze, AI, Stephen, ID, Kocalar, HE, Hedgebeth, MV, Travaglino, GA, Marcu, GM, Adetula, GA, Kung, FYH, Bradshaw, EL, Garcia, EOL, van Steenkiste, IMM, Ahn, ER, Jackson, EA, Beaudry, JL, Du, HF, Davis, WE, Holford, DL, Lewis, DMG, Vaidis, DC, Ozery, DH, Ricaurte, DZ, Alvarez, DS, Correia, RC, Whitt, CM, Solorzano, CS, von Bastian, CC, Sutherland, CAM, Aberson, CL, Wang, CH, Niemiec, CP, Li, RR, Tamnes, CK, Fu, CHY, Allred, TB, Vermote, BJ, Shi, JX, Chopik, WJ, Bayyat, MM, Chou, WL, Balci, BB, Dixson, BJW, Kappes, HB, Aruta, JJB, Arinze, NC, El Arabi, KA, Ozdogru, AA, Rothbaum, AO, Torres, AO, Jurkovic, AP, Kassianos, AP, Landry, AT, Santos, AC, Luxon, AM, Todsen, AL, Tullett, AM, Kuzminska, AO, Krafnick, AJ, Askelund, AD, Charyate, AC, Wichman, AL, Thomas, AG, Forscher, PS, Mallik, PR, Coles, NA, Miller, JK, Urry, HL, IJzerman, H, Basnight-Brown, DM, Ebersole, CR, Chartier, CR, Buchanan, EM, and Primbs, MA

Abstract

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This crosscountry, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one's core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people's existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.

Published
2022

4. Erratum: Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Nature human behaviour (2021) 5 8 (1089-1110))

Author

Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C. A., Miller, J. K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J. S., Gross, J. J., Agesin, B. B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K., Ozery, D. H., Jackson, E. A., Garcia, E. O. L., Drexler, S. M., Jurkovic, A. P., Rana, K., Wilson, J. P., Antoniadi, M., Desai, K., Gialitaki, Z., Kushnir, E., Nadif, K., Bravo, O. N., Nauman, R., Oosterlinck, M., Pantazi, M., Pilecka, N., Szabelska, A., van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Filip, K., Bozdoc, A. I., Marcu, G. M., Agadullina, E., Adamkovic, M., Roczniewska, M., Reyna, C., Kassianos, A. P., Westerlund, M., Ahlgren, L., Pontinen, S., Adetula, G. A., Dursun, P., Arinze, A. I., Arinze, N. C., Ogbonnaya, C. E., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Dalgar, I., Akkas, H., Macapagal, P. M., Lewis, S., Metin-Orta, I., Foroni, F., Willis, M., Santos, A. C., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Kurfali, M. A., Vasilev, M. R., Nock, N. L., Parzuchowski, M., Espinoza Barria, M. F., Vranka, M., Kohlova, M. B., Ropovik, I., Harutyunyan, M., Wang, C., Yao, E., Becker, M., Manunta, E., Kaminski, G., Boudesseul, J., Marko, D., Evans, K., Lewis, D. M. G., Findor, A., Landry, A. T., Aruta, J. J. B., Ortiz, M. S., Vally, Z., Pronizius, E., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Grinberg, M., Li, R., Valentova, J. V., Mioni, G., Cellini, N., Chen, S. -C., Zickfeld, J., Moon, K., Azab, H., Levy, N., Karababa, A., Beaudry, J. L., Boucher, L., Collins, W. M., Todsen, A. L., van Schie, K., Vintr, J., Bavolar, J., Kaliska, L., Krizanic, V., Samojlenko, L., Pourafshari, R., Geiger, S. J., Beitner, J., Warmelink, L., Ross, R. M., Stephen, I. D., Hostler, T. J., Azouaghe, S., Mccarthy, R., Szala, A., Grano, C., Solorzano, C. S., Anjum, G., Jimenez-Leal, W., Bradford, M., Perez, L. C., Cruz Vasquez, J. E., Galindo-Caballero, O. J., Vargas-Nieto, J. C., Kacha, O., Arvanitis, A., Xiao, Q., Carcamo, R., Zorjan, S., Tajchman, Z., Vilares, I., Pavlacic, J. M., Kunst, J. R., Tamnes, C. K., von Bastian, C. C., Atari, M., Sharifian, M., Hricova, M., Kacmar, P., Schrotter, J., Rahal, R. -M., Cohen, N., Fatahmodares, S., Zrimsek, M., Zakharov, I., Koehn, M. A., Esteban-Serna, C., Calin-Jageman, R. J., Krafnick, A. J., Strukelj, E., Isager, P. M., Urban, J., Silva, J. R., Martoncik, M., Ocovaj, S. B., Sakan, D., Kuzminska, A. O., Djordjevic, J. M., Almeida, I. A. T., Ferreira, A., Lazarevic, L. B., Manley, H., Ricaurte, D. Z., Monteiro, R. P., Etabari, Z., Musser, E., Dunleavy, D., Chou, W., Godbersen, H., Ruiz-Fernandez, S., Reeck, C., Batres, C., Kirgizova, K., Muminov, A., Azevedo, F., Alvarez, D. S., Butt, M. M., Lee, J. M., Chen, Z., Verbruggen, F., Ziano, I., Tumer, M., Charyate, A. C. A., Dubrov, D., Tejada Rivera, M. D. C. M. C., Aberson, C., Palfi, B., Maldonado, M. A., Hubena, B., Sacakli, A., Ceary, C. D., Richard, K. L., Singer, G., Perillo, J. T., Ballantyne, T., Cyrus-Lai, W., Fedotov, M., Du, H., Wielgus, M., Pit, I. L., Hruska, M., Sousa, D., Aczel, B., Hajdu, N., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Barzykowski, K., Micheli, L., Schmidt, N. -D., Zsido, A. N., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Muda, R., Bialek, M., Kowal, M., Sorokowska, A., Misiak, M., Mola, D., Ortiz, M. V., Correa, P. S., Belaus, A., Muchembled, F., Ribeiro, R. R., Arriaga, P., Oliveira, R., Vaughn, L. A., Szwed, P., Kossowska, M., Czarnek, G., Kielinska, J., Antazo, B., Betlehem, R., Stieger, S., Nilsonne, G., Simonovic, N., Taber, J., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Domurat, A., Ihaya, K., Yamada, Y., Urooj, A., Gill, T., Cadek, M., Bylinina, L., Messerschmidt, J., Kurfali, M., Adetula, A., Baklanova, E., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Kappes, H. B., Gjoneska, B., House, T., Jones, M. V., Berkessel, J. B., Chopik, W. J., Coksan, S., Seehuus, M., Khaoudi, A., Bokkour, A., El Arabi, K. A., Djamai, I., Iyer, A., Parashar, N., Adiguzel, A., Kocalar, H. E., Bundt, C., Norton, J. O., Papadatou-Pastou, M., De la Rosa-Gomez, A., Ankushev, V., Bogatyreva, N., Grigoryev, D., Ivanov, A., Prusova, I., Romanova, M., Sarieva, I., Terskova, M., Hristova, E., Kadreva, V. H., Janak, A., Schei, V., Sverdrup, T. E., Askelund, A. D., Pineda, L. M. S., Krupic, D., Levitan, C. A., Johannes, N., Ouherrou, N., Say, N., Sinkolova, S., Janjic, K., Stojanovska, M., Stojanovska, D., Khosla, M., Thomas, A. G., Kung, F. Y. H., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Balci, B. B., Reips, U. -D., Baskin, E., Ishkhanyan, B., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dixson, B. J. W., Moreau, D., Sutherland, C. A. M., Chuan-Peng, H., Noone, C., Flowe, H., Anne, M., Janssen, S. M. J., Topor, M., Majeed, N. M., Kunisato, Y., Yu, K., Daches, S., Hartanto, A., Vdovic, M., Anton-Boicuk, L., Forbes, P. A. G., Kamburidis, J., Marinova, E., Nedelcheva-Datsova, M., Rachev, N. R., Stoyanova, A., Schmidt, K., Suchow, J. W., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Jernsather, T., Olofsson, J. K., Bialobrzeska, O., Marszalek, M., Tatachari, S., Afhami, R., Law, W., Antfolk, J., Zuro, B., Van Doren, N., Soto, J. A., Searston, R., Miranda, J., Damnjanovic, K., Yeung, S. K., Hoyer, K., Jaeger, B., Ren, D., Pfuhl, G., Klevjer, K., Corral-Frias, N. S., Frias-Armenta, M., Lucas, M. Y., Torres, A. O., Toro, M., Delgado, L. G. J., Vega, D., Solas, S. A., Vilar, R., Massoni, S., Frizzo, T., Bran, A., Vaidis, D. C., Vieira, L., Paris, B., Capizzi, M., Coelho, G. L. H., Greenburgh, A., Whitt, C. M., Tullett, A. M., Du, X., Volz, L., Bosma, M. J., Karaarslan, C., Sarioguz, E., Allred, T. B., Korbmacher, M., Colloff, M. F., Lima, T. J. S., Ribeiro, M. F. F., Verharen, J. P. H., Karekla, M., Karashiali, C., Sunami, N., Jaremka, L. M., Storage, D., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Hanel, P. H. P., Holford, D. L., Sirota, M., Wolfe, K., Chiu, F., Theodoropoulou, A., Ahn, E. R., Lin, Y., Westgate, E. C., Brohmer, H., Hofer, G., Dujols, O., Vezirian, K., Feldman, G., Travaglino, G. A., Ahmed, A., Li, M., Bosch, J., Torunsky, N., Bai, H., Manavalan, M., Song, X., Walczak, R. B., Zdybek, P., Friedemann, M., Rosa, A. D., Kozma, L., Alves, S. G., Lins, S., Pinto, I. R., Correia, R. C., Babincak, P., Banik, G., Rojas-Berscia, L. M., Varella, M. A. C., Uttley, J., Beshears, J. E., Thommesen, K. K., Behzadnia, B., Geniole, S. N., Silan, M. A., Maturan, P. L. G., Vilsmeier, J. K., Tran, U. S., Izquierdo, S. M., Mensink, M. C., Sorokowski, P., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Radtke, T., Adoric, V. C., Carpentier, J., Ozdogru, A. A., Joy-Gaba, J. A., Hedgebeth, M. V., Ishii, T., Wichman, A. L., Roer, J. P., Ostermann, T., Davis, W. E., Suter, L., Papachristopoulos, K., Zabel, C., Onie, S., Ebersole, C. R., Chartier, C. R., Mallik, P. R., Urry, H. L., Buchanan, E. M., Coles, N. A., Primbs, M. A., Basnight-Brown, D. M., Ijzerman, H., Forscher, P. S., and Moshontz, H.

Published
2022

6. Comparison of type I collagens and MMP-2 proteins in temporomandibular joint of young and old mice.

Author

Demir, M., Tümer, M. K., Çiçek, M., Uysal, M., Yoldaş, A., Doğaner, A., Tumer, M Kemal, Yoldas, A, Doganer, A, and Tumer, M K

Abstract

Background: The effects of ageing on the histopathological changes of tem-poromandibular joint (TMJ) and the existence and age related alterations of immunochemical expressions of type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) proteins was aimed to be displayed.Materials and Methods: In this study, 14 Balb/C type white mice (50- -80 g) were included. Groups were organised as group 1 - 2-month-old young animals (n = 7) and group 2 - 18-month-old old animals (n = 7). Of the paraffin embedded tissues 4-5 μm thick sections were taken and immunohisto-chemical stainings of haematoxylin-eosin, type-1 collagen and MMP-2 were performed.Results: Collagen bundles showed sagittal and oblique localisations in the young mice, which were comprised of compact collagen bundle layers positioned alterna-tely. While collagen bundle fragmentation was observed in the disks of old mice, some disk regions showed ruptures. In the old mice a decrease in blood vessels, structural impairments and dilatation in arterioles and venules were detected. In the TMJ tissues of the young mice type I collagen and MMP-2 expressions were increased, while they were decreased in old mice. In the MMP-2 H-score evaluation young mice showed significant increase compared to the old mice.Conclusions: Occurrence of degenerations in the collagen structure of TMJ and decimation in the matrix metalloproteases were observed with age. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 329-334). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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9. Influence of the MIFpolymorphism −173G > C on Turkish postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Author

Ozsoy, A., Karakus, N., Tural, S., Yigit, S., Kara, N., Alayli, G., Tumer, M., and Kuru, O.

Abstract

MIF, a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes to the pathogenesis of acute, chronic, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders and balances the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on the immune system. There is an interaction between bone metabolism and the immune system via the production of cytokines. We aimed to analyze the relationship between the MIFgene −173G > C promoter polymorphism and osteoporosis. In this case–control study performed in a university hospital, 286 samples (136 women with osteoporosis and 150 healthy age-matched controls) participated. The polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was used to genotype the MIFgene polymorphism. The alleles and genotypes frequencies of patients and controls were compared using the χ2test. The genotype frequencies of MIFgene −173G > C polymorphism showed statistically significant differences between patients and controls (p= 0.038). Also, the subjects carrying the variant C allele in the MIF −173 position were at significantly higher risk of osteoporosis than subjects carrying the wild-type G allele (p= 0.009, odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.6). Our study suggested a strong association between MIFgene −173G > C polymorphism and osteoporosis in a Turkish population. Das proinflammatorische Zytokin MIF ist an der Pathogenese akuter, chronischer und autoimmuner entzündlicher Erkrankungen beteiligt und trägt zur Balance des hemmenden Effekts von Glukokortikoiden auf das Immunsystem bei. Zwischen Knochenmetabolismus und Immunsystem besteht eine Wechselwirkung über die Bildung von Zytokinen. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die Beziehung zwischen dem MIF-Promotor-Polymorphismus −173G > C und Osteoporose zu untersuchen. An dieser Fall-Kontroll-Studie an einem Universitätsklinikum nahmen 286 Probanden teil (136 Frauen mit Osteoporose und 150 Kontrollpersonen im entsprechenden Alter). Mithilfe eines Polymerase-Kettenreaktions-basierten Assays für Restriktionsfragmentlängenpolymorphismen (PCR-RFLP) wurde der MIF-Polymorphismus genotypisiert. Die Allel- und Genotyphäufigkeiten der Patienten und Kontrollpersonen wurden unter Anwendung des χ2-Tests verglichen. Die Genotyphäufigkeiten des MIF-Polymorphismus −173G > C zeigten statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Patienten und Kontrollpersonen (p= 0,038). Zudem wiesen die Studienteilnehmer mit Variante-C-Allel in der MIF-−173-Position ein signifikant höheres Osteoporoserisiko auf als Personen mit Wildtyp-G-Allel (p= 0,009, Odds Ratio 1,7; 95%-Konfidenzintervall 1,1–2,6). Unsere Studienergebnisse deuten auf eine starke Assoziation zwischen dem MIF-Polymorphismus −173G > C und Osteoporose in einer türkischen Population hin.

Published
2018
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10. MATRA-A: A study on massive transfusion.

Author

Ünlü A, Yılmaz S, Akbasli IT, Karaagac Akyol T, Akkapulu N, Tumer M, Ertugrul Oruc N, Balas S, Goral S, Topcuoglu P, Tanriseven M, Sayin S, and Eryilmaz M

Subjects
Blood Component Transfusion, Blood Transfusion, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Plasma, Retrospective Studies, Erythrocyte Transfusion, Wounds and Injuries therapy
Abstract

Background: We use massive transfusion in various clinical conditions and it is associated with high mortality. Although some massive transfusion protocols improve patient outcomes, the clinical circumstances requiring it are not well defined., Methods: MATRA-A is a multicenter retrospective study. Six University and Training Research Hospitals in Ankara participated in the study. We collected clinical data on patients (>18 years) who received massive transfusions (≥10 units/24 h) from 2017 through 2019., Results: Overall, 167 (0·27% of transfused patients) received a massive transfusion of 2586 units of red blood cells (1·5% of total RBCs transfused). The median interquartile range values for RBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets were 13 (11-176), 16 (9-33) and 4 (0-11), respectively. Surgical patients received 90% of massive transfusions. The most common clinical indications for massive transfusion were cardiovascular diseases (42·6%), trauma (20·3%) and malignancies (11%). FFP: RBC: Platelets ratio was 1·9:1:0·5. The overall and trauma-related mortality rates were 57·4% and 61·8%, respectively. The hospital mortality rates of trauma patients that received high vs. low ratio (FFP: RBCs > 1:1·5 vs. ≤1:1·5) transfusions were 47·6% and 86·6% and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0·03)., Conclusion: Cardiovascular diseases and trauma occasion are the most common causes of massive transfusion. It is infrequent in clinical settings and is associated with high mortality rates. Additionally, in massively transfused trauma patients, a high FFP:RBCs ratio seems to be associated with increased survival. Focused prospective studies are required to define the areas that need improvement on a national scale., (© 2021 International Society of Blood Transfusion.)

Published
2021
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11. Relation of vitamin D and BsmI variant with temporomandibular diseases in the Turkish population.

Author

Yildiz S, Tumer MK, Yigit S, Nursal AF, Rustemoglu A, and Balel Y

Subjects
Alleles, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Receptors, Calcitriol genetics, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Vitamin D
Abstract

Vitamin D (VD) levels and several variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with the occurrence of diseases of the bones and cartilage. The aim of this research was to study and compare the association of the BsmI variant in the VDR gene as well as VD levels in disc displacement with reduction (DDR) between patients and healthy controls. This was a case-control study, in which 104 patients of DDR and 102 healthy individuals were studied. The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) was used to diagnose temporomandibular diseases. The VDR BsmI variant was investigated, after extraction of genomic DNA, by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and the VD level in serum was measured. The serum VD level was significantly different between the patient and the control group (mean (SD) 13.20 (11.02) ng/mL versus 18.44 (10.03) ng/mL, respectively) (p=0.008). Serum VD assessment revealed that serious vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in the patients than the controls (50.96% versus 21.56%) (p=0.00001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the bb genotype and b allele carriers of VDR BsmI variant were significantly associated with increased risk of DDR (p=0.022 and p=0.01, respectively). VDR BsmI BB genotype was higher in the control group than the patient group (p=0.045). Genotype distributions for BsmI variant in the controls and the patients were confirmed using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation. The BsmI variant of the VDR gene and VD deficiency play role in DDR aetiopathogenesis in a Turkish population. Vitamin D level and VDR BsmI variation may be effective in a possible genetic-based DC/TMD Axis III to be created in the future., (Copyright © 2020 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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12. Evaluation of the effects of the surgical removal of impacted third molars on the emotional state of individuals with Beck depression inventory.

Author

Demirsoy MS, Tumer MK, Erdil A, and Ozkan Y

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Dental Caries epidemiology, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Edema epidemiology, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Postoperative epidemiology, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Tooth Extraction methods, Tooth Extraction statistics & numerical data, Trismus epidemiology, Trismus psychology, Turkey epidemiology, Young Adult, Depression diagnosis, Edema psychology, Molar, Third surgery, Pain, Postoperative psychology, Tooth Extraction psychology
Abstract

Aims: In this study, using Beck depression inventory (BDI), we aimed to determine alterations in the emotional state of patients who had impacted third molars (M3) extracted owing to postoperative pain, edema, and trismus.In this prospective clinical trial, which was conducted at Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, we studied 60 patients (30 males and 30 females), who were 18-47 years old (the mean of 25.6 years of age). The patients with M3 with moderate preoperative pain intensities, edema, and maximal mouth opening (MMO) data were recorded, and BDI was applied to determine their emotional states. The patients were re-evaluated using BDI to detect alterations in their emotional state owing to pain intensity, edema, and trismus on postoperative second and seventh day., Subjects and Methods: Descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square, and independent t-test were utilized to interpret the obtained data., Results: According to our findings, a statistically significant relationship was observed between BDI scores and gender on the second postoperative day (P = 0.004), and between MMO and BDI scores on the second and seventh postoperative day (P = 0.012, P = 0.045). Pain intensity scores on the postoperative sixth hour and seventh day were significantly correlated with BDI scores on the postoperative second and seventh day (P = 0.000/ P = 0.000/P = 0.002/P = 0.004/P = 0.010/P = 0.017/P = 0.001/P = 0.000)., Conclusions: Our results suggest that the pain and trismus owing to the M3 surgery were significantly correlated with an increase in the postoperative BDI scores., Competing Interests: None

Published
2020
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13. Effect of aquaporin 1 and 4 on masticatory muscles degeneration as a result of aging.

Author

Tumer MK, Demir M, and Cicek M

Subjects
Animals, Electromyography, Female, Male, Masseter Muscle pathology, Staining and Labeling, Temporal Muscle pathology, Aquaporin 1 metabolism, Masticatory Muscles pathology
Abstract

Objective: The changes in the mouth structures due to aging cause some structural and functional changes by affecting masticatory muscles over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aging-related histopathologic changes and immunohistochemically assessed aquaporin 1 and 4 expressions on masseter and temporal muscles., Material and Methods: 14 Balb/c white mice (50-80 g) were used in this study. Group I consisted of young animals (2-month-individuals) (n = 7) and Group II consisted of older animals (18-month-old) (n = 7). After routine histological follow-ups were made, tissues were stained immunohistochemically for aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 as well as with hematoxylin-eosin., Results: It was seen that while the masseter and temporalis muscle tissues showed a high immunoreactivity (+++) for aquaporin 1 and 4 in young mice, they showed a weak immunoreactivity (+) for aquaporin 1 and 4 in old mice (p = 0.001). In the H-score assessment, aquaporin 1 and 4 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in young mice than in old mice (p = 0.002)., Conclusions: Consequently, it was shown that degeneration of the masticatory muscles increased with aging and there was a decrease in intra- and intercellular exchange of substances because of changing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 expressions (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 20).

Published
2017
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14. An optically powered CMOS tracking system for 3 T magnetic resonance environment.

Author

Sarioglu B, Tumer M, Cindemir U, Camli B, Dundar G, Ozturk C, and Yalcinkaya AD

Subjects
Equipment Design, Metals chemistry, Oxides chemistry, Semiconductors, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Magnetic Resonance Imaging instrumentation
Abstract

In this work, a fully optical Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) based catheter tracking system designed for 3 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) environment is presented. The system aims to solve the Radio Frequency (RF) induced heating problem present in conventional wired catheter tracking systems used in MRI. It is based on an integrated circuit, consisting of a receiver and an optical power supply unit. The optical power supply unit includes a single on-chip photodiode and a DC-DC converter that boosts the low photodiode voltage output to voltages greater than 1.5 V. Through an optically driven switch, the accumulated charge on an a storage capacitor is transferred to the rest of the system. This operation is novel in the way that it is fully optical and the switch control is done through modulation of the applied light. An on-chip local oscillator signal for the receiver is avoided by application of an RF signal that is generated by the MRI machine at the receiving period. The signals received by a micro-coil antenna are processed by the on-chip direct conversion receiver. The processed signal is then transferred, also optically, to the outside world for tracking purposes. The frequency encoding method is used for MRI tracking. Operation with various levels of external optical power does not generate noticeble temperature increase in the system. The overall system is successfully tested in a 3 T MRI machine to demonstrate its full operation.

Published
2015
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