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Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that affects thought processes, perception, and behavior, and antipsychotic medications are important to control psychotic symptoms. People with schizophrenia who adhere to neuroleptic medication are less likely to relapse than those who do not. This paper reports on a meta-synthesis of qualitative research exploring medication adherence experiences among people with schizophrenia. Published articles written in English from 1999-2019 were searched (January 1999-December 2019), from electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Dissertations and Theses, and the Thai National Research Repository. Twelve studies were included in the final review. Major components that affect medication adherence in people with schizophrenia positively or negatively were gentle pressure, trust and social support, a positive attitude toward disease and treatment, a sense of understanding of the beneficial and negative impact of medication, and financial constraints. We suggest a gentle medication adherence approach that departs from a joint responsibility between the family network and health providers to push people with schizophrenia towards medication uptake and help them develop coping mechanisms to deal with important side effects. Family members and health care providers should consider the patient's concerns about what is perceived as a normal life and a potential future life, taking into account social stigma and financial barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to multiple roles, including caregiving provision, mothers of children with schizophrenia experience a high level of stress. How these mothers adapt themselves to this caregiving, in addition to their other roles in the family, requires understanding before the development of an intervention. This study explored the process of adaptation among 20 Northeastern Thai mothers caring for children with schizophrenia who had provided such care for more than one year. They were interviewed in-depth, and Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory approach was used for collecting and analyzing. Hopeful endless caring to maintain normal life emerged as the core category, and consisted of three phases. Phase 1, Dealing with immediate care demands, involved mothers responding to their situation with supernatural rituals, combining treatment, finding medical treatment, and taking advice. Phase 2, Adjusting ourselves, involved mothers trying to adjust the caring and strategies, living situation, and their mental state. In Phase 3, Restoring self-balance, they adjusted their mind, tried to heal body and mind, reframed thoughts, and tried to get back to normal. The findings provide a deep understanding of mothers' adaptation process toward their caregiving over time, based on their perspectives. In developing a robust program to improve adaptation competency, mental health care providers, including nurses, need to understand what could be involved in the lives of caregivers, and take steps to realize each person's uniqueness, and that adapting to caregiving is a process. Heath professionals thus need to adjust interventions to be most appropriate for the different phases experienced by mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to design a Social Story, based on Gray, that reduces undesirable eating behaviours among individuals with autism and compare their behaviours before and after the intervention. It was conducted in three subjects with autism, using the ABAB reversal single-subject design. Undesirable eating behaviours were observed and then they were used to developed Social Story in line with Gray's three steps. The tools underwent quality testing in both the content validity and the pilot implementation to check the language and understanding in an individual with autism who was similar to the subjects. The data was then analysed using descriptive statistics. The developed Social Story consisted of five pages, containing five images and five sentences. After using the developed Social Story, the reduction of undesirable eating behaviours occured in Case 1, 2 and 3 in all four phases of the study. In Phase 1, in the baseline data was gathered, the average occurrences of the behaviours were 13.50%, 11.83% and 10.00%, respectively. Then, in Phase 2, the first treatment phase (B1), the average occurrences were 10.83%, 8.54% and 7.83% respectively. Then, in Phase 3, the intervention withdrawal, they were 9.42%, 5.92% and 8.33% respectively. In Phase 4, the second treatment phase, the percentages reduced to 7.42, 5.58 and 6.30, respectively. This study proves that the designed Social Story was effective in reducing undesirable eating behaviours in people with autism and should be adapted and applied to others with the same behaviours as appropriate. Further studies can be done on the effectiveness of Social Story in supporting people with autism in other aspects such as enhancing social skills and interaction, reducing other undesirable behaviours or even developing Social Story e-books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: With the increase in the number of systematic reviews available, a logical next step to provide decision makers in healthcare with the evidence they require has been the conduct of reviews of existing systematic reviews. Syntheses of existing systematic reviews are referred to by many different names, one of which is an umbrella review. An umbrella review allows the findings of reviews relevant to a review question to be compared and contrasted. An umbrella review's most characteristic feature is that this type of evidence synthesis only considers for inclusion the highest level of evidence, namely other systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A methodology working group was formed by the Joanna Briggs Institute to develop methodological guidance for the conduct of an umbrella review, including diverse types of evidence, both quantitative and qualitative. The aim of this study is to describe the development and guidance for the conduct of an umbrella review., Methods: Discussion and testing of the elements of methods for the conduct of an umbrella review were held over a 6-month period by members of a methodology working group. The working group comprised six participants who corresponded via teleconference, e-mail and face-to-face meeting during this development period. In October 2013, the methodology was presented in a workshop at the Joanna Briggs Institute Convention. Workshop participants, review authors and methodologists provided further testing, critique and feedback on the proposed methodology., Results: This study describes the methodology and methods developed for the conduct of an umbrella review that includes published systematic reviews and meta-analyses as the analytical unit of the review. Details are provided regarding the essential elements of an umbrella review, including presentation of the review question in a Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome format, nuances of the inclusion criteria and search strategy. A critical appraisal tool with 10 questions to help assess risk of bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses was also developed and tested. Relevant details to extract from included reviews and how to best present the findings of both quantitative and qualitative systematic reviews in a reader friendly format are provided., Conclusions: Umbrella reviews provide a ready means for decision makers in healthcare to gain a clear understanding of a broad topic area. The umbrella review methodology described here is the first to consider reviews that report other than quantitative evidence derived from randomized controlled trials. The methodology includes an easy to use and informative summary of evidence table to readily provide decision makers with the available, highest level of evidence relevant to the question posed.