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International audience; The design of sustainable energy systems requires to enlarge the analysis beyond the traditional boundaries for including the economic, environmental, and societal needs and constraints in the decision-making process. In this regard, this work investigates the conceptual design of distributed energy systems by means of a multi-objective optimization strategy to simultaneously address the economic, environmental, and social aspects in the energy system design. Initially, the water consumption and the inherent safety indicators were introduced and evaluated through two single-objective optimization problems to enhance the analysis of the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. Then, a framework including the total annualized cost, CO2 emissions, water consumption, grid dependence, and inherent safety index was used to perform the multi-objective analysis. To carry out a thorough and comprehensive analysis, four optimization problems including different combinations of the sustainability indicators were proposed and solved. The compromise among the objective functions was identified, and the obtained Pareto sets were explored for elucidating the changes in the design and operating conditions across the non-dominated solutions. According to results, the cost of energy can range between 0.37 and 0.63 €/kWh, the CO2 emissions can vary between 10.6 and 68.5 kgCO2/MWh, and the water consumption can be between 27.8 and 70.2 m3H2O/GWh depending on the evaluated objective. Moreover, it was determined that the safety of the energy system can be improved by increasing the use of the water electrolysis pathway to produce hydrogen and by reducing the capacity of the hydrogen storage unit.

International audience; The design of microstructured chemical products such as emulsions is not a simple task because they are complex systems in which their components, structures, phenomena, and processes are highly interrelated. Any design decision must be made considering its multiple effects on the next stages of the design, production, use, and recycling of the product. The uncertainty and the impact of the decisions are more critical at early design/screening/exploratory stages, when information is scarce and main product characteristics are defined. This study presents an application of a design methodology for early design stages that considers the interrelation between design decisions in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The methodology was explained in detail in the first part of the article containing the conceptual approach. In this second part, the methodology is exemplified through a case study of the cosmetics sector: the design of a moisturizing cream. The case is presented in two parts: first, the decision-making process following the three steps of methodology is explained. Then, the experimental results are presented and discussed. For the case study, the methodology helped to develop five conceptual alternatives of the product based on the use of a nonionic surfactant system, and prototypes were made and tested. It was found that the elements of methodology can be used for the generation of product alternatives that correspond to the design problem.

International audience; This work proposes a systematic approach for the design of formulated products incorporating consumer assessment and heuristic knowledge. The methodology is divided into two main phases: Consumer assessment and product realization. In the first part, product attributes valued by consumers and their interactions are identified through usability tests performed on a reference product, and fuzzy integral analysis. In the second phase, alternative product formulations are generated using a mixed‐integer optimization approach, which incorporates heuristic rules regarding the choice of ingredients and their amounts. The results from the consumer assessment phase are transformed into additional heuristics and incorporated into the design. Different alternative formulations are generated at a lab‐scale, by using two commercial skin moisturizers as references. Those formulations that included additional heuristics are shown to be more similar to the references. As a result, the incorporation of consumer preferences significantly reduced the time and resources spent on the design process.

International audience; Nowadays, the importance of reaching sustainable production and consumption is broadly and globally recognized. Considering the chemical sector, a major challenge to incorporate a sustainability approach for product/process design is its inherent complexity. This is more difficult at early design stages when information is scarce, uncertainty is high, and the effects of decisions are huge. Considering this, the chapter presents a decision-making methodology applicable to the sustainable design of chemical products and processes at early design stages. The methodology proposes the use of indicators to assess the design alternatives on the three sustainability dimensions. Most of the proposed indicators were calculated based upon the H statements of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, which are available and easy to calculate. The incorporation of assessments is done based on Multicriteria Decision Analysis methods. The proposed methodology can become a rapid conceptual design tool for systematic decision-making at the early stages of product/process synthesis. The following sections explain the steps of the decision methodology, which are (1) problem definition, (2) assessment of alternatives, (3) integration of assessments and (4) final decision. Additionally, the methodology is exemplified through two case studies: the selection of a chemical route to produce glyceryl monostearate, and the selection of a formulation for a cosmetic application.

International audience; NUPR1 is a protumoral multifunctional intrinsically disordered protein, which is activated during the acute phases of pancreatitis, interacting with several biomolecules through residues around Ala33 and Thr68. Because of the large size of this hot-spot, designed small molecules could be insufficient to modulate all NUPR1 functions. In this work, we studied NUPR1 interactions with dendrimers by using biophysical techniques and in silico methods. Our results, obtained with different functionalized dendrimers (anionic, cationic and neutral) and several of their generations, indicate that NUPR1 was bound to the dendrimers. Functionalities at the dendrimer periphery modulated the affinity for NUPR1, and for any dendrimer, the affinity increased with generation. The affinities of most of the dendrimers were in the range 4-40 × 103 M-1, and those of the [Gn]-PhCO2Na dendrimers were similar to those of NUPR1 for its natural partners (0.1-1 × 106 M-1). In all dendrimers, the residues of NUPR1 first affected upon binding were located around Ala33, indicating that NUPR1 employs the same hot-spot to recognize any natural or synthetic molecule.

Two-dimensional electronic states at surfaces are often observed in simple wide-band metals such as Cu or Ag (refs. 1–4). Confinement by closed geometries at the nanometre scale, such as surface terraces, leads to quantized energy levels formed from the surface band, in stark contrast to the continuous energy dependence of bulk electron bands2,5–10. Their energy-level separation is typically hundreds of meV (refs. 3,6,11). In a distinct class of materials, strong electronic correlations lead to so-called heavy fermions with a strongly reduced bandwidth and exotic bulk ground states12,13. Quantum-well states in two-dimensional heavy fermions (2DHFs) remain, however, notoriously difficult to observe because of their tiny energy separation. Here we use millikelvin scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to study atomically flat terraces on U-terminated surfaces of the heavy-fermion superconductor URu2Si2, which exhibits a mysterious hidden-order (HO) state below 17.5 K (ref. 14). We observe 2DHFs made of 5f electrons with an effective mass 17 times the free electron mass. The 2DHFs form quantized states separated by a fraction of a meV and their level width is set by the interaction with correlated bulk states. Edge states on steps between terraces appear along one of the two in-plane directions, suggesting electronic symmetry breaking at the surface. Our results propose a new route to realize quantum-well states in strongly correlated quantum materials and to explore how these connect to the electronic environment.

Tracing the Supply Chain of Medicinal Wild Yam Species (Dioscoreaspp.) in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Wild yams (Dioscorea spp.) are widely distributed non-timber forest products that are traditionally used as medicine in Cundinamarca, Colombia, and represent a source of income for rural families in the region. The market for these native medicinal species has been growing due to their increasing popularity as a remedy for circulatory and blood problems; however, the supply and demand dynamics of this plant in the forest have not yet been documented. Through qualitative research methods, this study identifies the links and distribution of the wild yam supply chain in Cundinamarca and considers the implications for conservation and sustainability of the resource. Tuber collection was documented in forested areas in 14 municipalities in the Department of Cundinamarca. The tubers are destined for wholesale markets in Bogotá and are purchased by retailers from all over Cundinamarca, even those based in the municipalities from which the tubers were extracted. The collection, distribution, and consumption of Dioscorea species in Cundinamarca respond to growing demand and rely on extraction of the species directly from forest remnants within the Department; these could be at risk of overharvesting if management measures are not taken, or if participatory propagation programs that benefit harvesters and sellers are not implemented. This is the first study of the supply chain in an emerging new market for wild yams in Latin America. It highlights the dynamic, evolving nature of the medicinal plant trade from the local to the national scale, and beyond.

International audience; Aim: Andean montane forests are biodiversity hotspots and large carbon stores and they provide numerous ecosystem services. Following land abandonment after centuries of forest clearing for agriculture in the Andes, there is an opportunity for forest recovery. Field-based studies show that forests do not always recover. However, large-scale and long-term knowledge of recovery dynamics of Andean forests remains scarce. This paper analyses tropical montane forest recovery trajectories over a 15-year time frame at the landscape and tropical Andean scale to inform restoration planning. Methods: We first detect “potential recovery” as areas that have experienced a forest transition between 2000 and 2005. Then, we use Landsat time series analysis of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) to classify four “realized recovery” trajectories (“ongoing”, “arrested”, “disrupted” and “no recovery”) based on a sequential pattern of 5-yearly Z-score anomalies for 2005–2020. We compare these results against an analysis of change in tree cover to validate against other datasets. Results: Across the tropical Andes, we detected a potential recovery area of 274 km2 over the period. Despite increases in tree cover, most areas of the Andes remained in early successional states (10–25% tree cover), and NDWI levelled out after 5–10 years. Of all potential forest recovery areas, 22% showed “ongoing recovery”, 61% showed either “disrupted” or “arrested recovery”, and 17% showed “no recovery”. Our method captured forest recovery dynamics in a Peruvian arrested succession context and in landscape-scale tree-planting efforts in Ecuador. Main conclusions: Forest recovery across the Andes is mostly disrupted, arrested or unsuccessful, with consequences for biodiversity recovery and provision of ecosystem services. Low-recovery areas identified in this study might be good candidates for active restoration interventions in this UN Decade on Restoration. Future studies could determine restoration strategies and priorities and suggest management strategies at a local planning scale across key regions in the biodiversity hotspot.

International audience; The rise of emerging contaminants in waters challenges the scientific community and water treatment stakeholders to design remediation techniques that are simple, practical, inexpensive, effective, and environmentally friendly. Emerging contaminants include antibiotics, hormones, illicit drugs, endocrine disruptors, cosmetics, personal care products, pesticides, surfactants, industrial products, microplastics, nanoparticles, and nanomaterials. Removing those contaminants is not easy because classical wastewater treatment systems are not designed to handle emerging contaminants, and contaminants often occur as traces in complex organo-mineral mixtures. Here, we review advanced treatments for the removal of emerging contaminants in wastewater, with focus on adsorption-oriented processes using non-conventional adsorbents such as cyclo-dextrin polymers, metal-organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted polymers, chitosan, and nanocellulose. We describe biological-based technologies for the degradation and removal of emerging contaminants. Then, we present advanced oxidation processes as the most promising strategies because of their simplicity and efficiency.

International audience; This paper presents a data-driven control for a set of synchronous generators based on the improved swing equation model by using the Koopman operator. First, the nonlinear dynamic of the generators is represented by a linear model in lifted space using extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD). Then, a linear predictor is built and used for the design of a model predictive control following three strategies: decentralized, non-cooperative, and cooperative. The Koopman representation of the generator is used to carry out an analysis, determining its eigenvalues. Several interconnected generators are controlled showing the performance of the interconnected system including voltage faults.

International audience; This paper presents a data-driven control for a network of autonomous vehicles. The general scheme of cruise control is implemented for a set of vehicles defined by a nonlinear equation. Koopman operator allows representing the nonlinear system in the Koopman space (lifted space), suitable to get a linear observer that is used for distributed control instead of the nonlinear model. The proposed control simplified the control design and also allows to use a linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) in a distributed form.

Labelling of amino-acids is important for the production of deuterated proteins. However, aromatic amino-acid reduction is a common undesired process with noble-metal nanocatalysts. In this work, we describe a new NHC-stabilized water-soluble Pd/Ni system able to perform H/D exchange reactions in an enantiospecific fashion without reducing the aromatic ring of phenylalanine and tyrosine thanks to a synergetic Pd-Ni effect.

International audience; In this article, a bio-mimetic approach to the generative design of contact interfaces with uniform pressure distribution is explored. During the morphogenesis process, biological joints grow depending on the states of stress generating a shape adapted to the mechanical loads. This adaptation is driven by two main rules: shear stress inhibits growth, whereas cyclic hydrostatic compressive stress promotes it. In this work, we demonstrate that the stress-dependent growth rules of synovial joint morphogenesis can be applied to generate contact interfaces with uniform pressure in engineering applications. For that, we present a mathematical model that comprises a contact formulation and a bio-inspired growth function; the model is solved numerically using finite element methods. We analyse the impact of the growth rules of synovial joint development on the contact pressure distribution of two-dimensional contact interfaces. We study the parameter space of the bio-inspired growth function to fine-tune the model parameters. The model is tested in several cases with different boundary conditions and material properties. The results show that the proposed generative design process leads to contact interfaces that provide uniform contact pressure. A quantitative metric of the uniformity of the contact pressure is also defined. This metric indicates that the bio-inspired process generates geometries as good as those obtained with other methods present in the literature without the need of an initial shape close to the final one. Thus, this work demonstrates that synovial joint morphogenesis can be adapted for generative design in engineering.

International audience; Water governance processes are linked to four dimensions in the territory: social, economic, environmental and political. In this article, the components are superimposed on two antagonistic scenarios: the páramo as a mountainous ecosystem of the Cusiana river in the municipality of Aquitania (Boyacá), altered by the agricultural processes of onion and potato, and the municipality of Maní (Casanare), located at the end of the Cusiana river basin, with an ecosystem of cattle plains, high oil extraction and agro-industrial processes for African palm and rice crops. Some actors and their influence in the territory, expressed in their relationship with economic activities linked to extractivism and productivism,are recognized; Planning tools such as Territorial Development and Planning Plans (EOTs and POMCA) are analyzed considering water governance and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).; Los procesos de gobernanza del agua están ligados a cuatro dimensiones en el territorio: social, económica, ambiental y política. En este artículo los componentes se superponen sobre dos escenarios antagónicos: el páramo como ecosiste-ma montañoso del río Cusiana en el municipio de Aquitania (Boyacá), alterado por los procesos agrícolas de la cebolla y la papa, y el municipio de Maní (Casanare), ubicado al final de la cuenca del río Cusiana, con un ecosistema de llanuras ganaderas, alta extracción de petróleo y procesos agroindus-triales para cultivos de palma africana y arroz. Se reconocen algunos actores y su influencia en el territorio, expresada en su relación con las actividades económicas ligadas al extrac-tivismo y al productivismo; se analizan herramientas de pla-nificación como Planes de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Terri-torial (EOTs y POMCA), a la luz de la gobernanza del agua y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).; Les processus de gouvernance de l’eau sont liés à quatre dimensions sur le territoire: sociale, économique, environnementale et politique. Dans cet article, les composants sont superposés sur deux scénarios antagonistes : le páramo, en tant qu’écosystème montagneux de la rivière Cusiana dans la municipalité d’Aquitania (Boyacá), altéré par les processus agricoles de l’oignon et de la pomme de terre, et la municipalité de Maní (Casanare), située à l’extrémité du bassin de la rivière Cusiana, avec un écosystème de plaines à bétail, une forte extraction d’huile et des processus agro-industriels pour la culture de la palme africaine et de riz. Certains acteurs et leur influence sur le territoire, exprimée dans leur rapport aux activités économiques liées à l’extractivisme et au productivisme, sont reconnus ; les outils de planification tels que les Schémas d’Aménagement et de Développement Territorial (EOT et POMCA) sont analysés à la lumière de la gouvernance de l’eau et des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD).

Suppressing aromatic ring reduction in noble-metal-catalyzed H/D exchange reactions remains a challenge. This drawback may be overcome by finding a synergetic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). Herein, we report the synthesis of bimetallic lipo- and water-soluble Ru/Ir NPs. They were characterized by state-of-the-art techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. These NPs were found to disperse in both organic and aqueous media because of the stabilization and coordination of adequate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands to the NP surface. They were tested in the deuteration of 2-phenylpyridine, 2-methyl-naphthylamine, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthtylamine, and l-lysine using D2 as the isotopic source. Bimetallic NPs showed an unusual selectivity toward the H/D exchange of 2-phenylpyridine, deuterating not only the expected C–H positions close to the N atom but also remote positions on the heterocycle. Additionally, reduction of the aromatic rings, which is a common undesired side reaction catalyzed by Ru NPs, was not observed. These outcomes, rationalized by a synergetic effect of both metals, are enhanced when NHC ligands are on the surface in comparison to model catalysts stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone. With regard to non-aromatic substrates, CH2-α and CH2-ε positions with respect to the amino acid group of l-lysine were fully deuterated, while moderate deuteration of the γ position was observed as the iridium content was increased in the bimetallic system.

Automatic quantification of the left ventricle (LV) from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images plays an important role in making the diagnosis procedure efficient, reliable, and alleviating the laborious reading work for physicians. Considerable efforts have been devoted to LV quantification using different strategies that include segmentation-based (SG) methods and the recent direct regression (DR) methods. Although both SG and DR methods have obtained great success for the task, a systematic platform to benchmark them remains absent because of differences in label information during model learning. In this paper, we conducted an unbiased evaluation and comparison of cardiac LV quantification methods that were submitted to the Left Ventricle Quantification (LVQuan) challenge, which was held in conjunction with the Statistical Atlases and Computational Modeling of the Heart (STACOM) workshop at the MICCAI 2018. The challenge was targeted at the quantification of 1) areas of LV cavity and myocardium, 2) dimensions of the LV cavity, 3) regional wall thicknesses (RWT), and 4) the cardiac phase, from mid-ventricle short-axis CMR images. First, we constructed a public quantification dataset Cardiac-DIG with ground truth labels for both the myocardium mask and these quantification targets across the entire cardiac cycle. Then, the key techniques employed by each submission were described. Next, quantitative validation of these submissions were conducted with the constructed dataset. The evaluation results revealed that both SG and DR methods can offer good LV quantification performance, even though DR methods do not require densely labeled masks for supervision. Among the 12 submissions, the DR method LDAMT offered the best performance, with a mean estimation error of 301 mm $^2$ for the two areas, 2.15 mm for the cavity dimensions, 2.03 mm for RWTs, and a 9.5% error rate for the cardiac phase classification. Three of the SG methods also delivered comparable performances. Finally, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of SG and DR methods, as well as the unsolved problems in automatic cardiac quantification for clinical practice applications.

This paper presents a distributed data-driven control to regulate the voltage in an alternate current microgrid (MG). Following the hierarchical control frame for MGs, a secondary control for voltage is designed with a data-driven strategy using the Koopman operator. The Koopman operator approach represents the nonlinear behavior of voltage as a linear problem in the space of observables or lifted space. The representation in the lifted space is used together with linear consensus to design a model predictive control (MPC). The complete algorithm is proved in an MG model including changes in load, transmission lines, and the communication graph. The data-driven model regulates voltage using a distributed approach based only on local measurements, and includes reactive power constraints and control cost minimization., Title: This paper is an extention of previos results of another article that uses koopman for the MGs control Authors: Vladimir Toroa, Duvan Tellez-Castro, Eduardo Mojica-Nava, Naly Rakoto-Ravalontsalama Comments: 13 pages, 21 This paper uses the Koopman operator to identify an alternate current MG, the uses a linear predictor for MPC design

Water contamination by emerging contaminants is increasing in the context of rising urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture production. Emerging contaminants refers to contaminants for which there is currently no regulation requiring monitoring or public reporting of their presence in our water supply or wastewaters. There are many emerging contaminants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, drugs, cosmetics, personal care products, surfactants, cleaning products, industrial formulations and chemicals, food additives, food packaging, metalloids, rare earth elements, nanomaterials, microplastics, and pathogens. The main sources of emerging contaminants are domestic discharges, hospital effluents, industrial wastewaters, runoff from agriculture, livestock and aquaculture, and landfill leachates. In particular, effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants are major contributors to the presence of emerging contaminants in waters. Although many chemicals have been recently regulated as priority hazardous substances, conventional plants for wastewater and drinking water treatment were not designed to remove most emerging contaminants. Here, we review key examples of contamination in China, Portugal, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Examples include persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, in lake and ocean ecosystems in China; emerging contaminants such as alkylphenols, natural and synthetic estrogens, antibiotics, and antidepressants in Portuguese rivers; and pharmaceuticals, hormones, cosmetics, personal care products, and pesticides in Mexican, Brazilian, and Colombian waters. All continents are affected by these contaminants. Wastewater treatment plants should therefore be upgraded, e.g., by addition of tertiary treatment systems, to limit environmental pollution. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic., PNAS Nexus, 1 (3), ISSN:2752-6542

International audience; Aim: Macroinvertebrates comprise a highly diverse set of taxa with great potential as indicators of soil quality. Communities were sampled at 3,694 sites distributed world-wide. We aimed to analyse the patterns of abundance, composition and network characteristics and their relationships to latitude, mean annual temperature and rainfall, land cover, soil texture and agricultural practices. Location: Sites are distributed in 41 countries, ranging from 55 degrees S to 57 degrees N latitude, from 0 to 4,000 m in elevation, with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to >3,000 mm and mean temperatures of 5-32 degrees C. Time period: 1980-2018. Major taxa studied: All soil macroinvertebrates: Haplotaxida; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Arachnida; Chilopoda; Diplopoda; Diptera; Isoptera; Isopoda; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Gastropoda; Blattaria; Orthoptera; Lepidoptera; Dermaptera; and "others". Methods: Standard ISO 23611-5 sampling protocol was applied at all sites. Data treatment used a set of multivariate analyses, principal components analysis (PCA) on macrofauna data transformed by Hellinger's method, multiple correspondence analysis for environmental data (latitude, elevation, temperature and average annual rainfall, type of vegetation cover) transformed into discrete classes, coinertia analysis to compare these two data sets, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap tests to evaluate the part of the variance of the macrofauna data attributable to each of the environmental factors. Network analysis was performed. Each pairwise association of taxonomic units was tested against a null model considering local and regional scales, in order to avoid spurious correlations. Results: Communities were separated into five clusters reflecting their densities and taxonomic richness. They were significantly influenced by climatic conditions, soil texture and vegetation cover. Abundance and diversity, highest in tropical forests (1,895 +/- 234 individuals/m(2)) and savannahs (1,796 +/- 72 individuals/m(2)), progressively decreased in tropical cropping systems (tree-associated crops, 1,358 +/- 120 individuals/m(2); pastures, 1,178 +/- 154 individuals/m(2); and annual crops, 867 +/- 62 individuals/m(2)), temperate grasslands (529 +/- 60 individuals/m(2)), forests (232 +/- 20 individuals/m(2)) and annual crops (231 +/- 24 individuals/m(2)) and temperate dry forests and shrubs (195 +/- 11 individuals/m(2)). Agricultural management decreased overall abundance by

International audience

International audience; Le vieillissement est associé à une accumulation de cellules sénescentes produisant un environnement cellulaire inflammatoire qui pourrait expliquer différentes maladies liées à l’âge. Diverses situations menant à la sénescence sont liées à la présence de dommages de l’ADN. De plus, de nombreux syndromes progéroïdes sont associés à une instabilité du génome ou de la structure nucléaire. Nous discuterons du lien étroit existant entre l’altération des lamines, composants de l’enveloppe nucléaire, et le vieillissement cellulaire. Nous verrons que l’altération de l’enveloppe nucléaire, comme celle observée dans la Progéria, est aussi associée à des défauts de réparation de l’ADN, à une persistance de dommages de l’ADN et à un phénotype inflammatoire.

This paper presents four centrality measurements applied to an alternating current (AC) microgrid (MG) modeled as a multiplex network. The MG secondary control is separated into a frequency and a power-sharing layers, each one with a different adjacency matrix. A physical layer is also considered with an admittance matrix representing the impedances among the inverters. Centrality measures are used to determine the importance of nodes in separate layers, thereafter adjacency and Laplacian matrices are redefined to calculate the role of nodes in the multiplex system. First, a global adjacency matrix is calculated by the matrix sum of each adjacency matrix. Second, the adjacency matrix is calculated by a supra-Laplacian matrix. The first eigenvalue of the perturbed matrix is used to determine the diffusivity in the network using as leaders the sets obtained by the centrality measures. The role of the nodes in the system is verified in a simulated MG model of 37 nodes. Degree centrality and energy Laplacian measures present similar sets of nodes; however, the fastest set of nodes is found using the Eigenvector measurements for uniform and supra Laplacian approach.

International audience; This article presents part of the work carried out as part of the Modural programme "Sustainable mobility practices in Latin American metropolises: a comparative study of Bogotá and Lima", launched in January 2020. Modural is an international and multidisciplinary programme funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency). It focuses on the study of sustainable mobility practices of households living more specifically in deprived outskirts. This article has two objectives. First, to highlight the socio-spatial patterns of mobility inequalities in Lima and Bogotá and the transport problems that affect the outer districts. Second, to detail the methodology for selecting the most socially disadvantaged areas with the most difficult daily travel conditions. It is in these areas that 1600 household surveys will be implemented in the first half of 2022.; Este artículo presenta parte del trabajo realizado en el marco del programa Modural "Prácticas de movilidad sostenible en las metrópolis latinoamericanas: un estudio comparativo de Bogotá y Lima", iniciado en enero de 2020. Modural es un programa internacional y multidisciplinar financiado por la ANR (Agencia Nacional de Investigación francesa). Se centra en el estudio de las prácticas de movilidad sostenible de los hogares que residen más específicamente en las periferias populares. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, evidenciar las configuraciones socioespaciales de las desigualdades de movilidad en Lima y Bogotá y los problemas de transporte que afectan a las zonas periféricas. En segundo lugar, detallar la metodología de selección de las zonas socialmente más desfavorecidas y con condiciones de desplazamiento más difíciles a diario. En estas zonas se llevarán a cabo 1.600 encuestas a hogares en el primer semestre de 2022.; Cet article restitue une partie des travaux menés dans le cadre du programme Modural "Les pratiques de mobilité durable dans les métropoles latino-américaines : une étude comparative de Bogotá et Lima", lancé en janvier 2020. Modural est un programme international et multidisciplinaire financé par l'ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Il porte sur l'étude des pratiques de mobilité durable des ménages résidant plus spécifiquement dans les périphéries populaires. Cet article poursuit deux objectifs. Premièrement, mettre en évidence les configurations socio-spatiales des inégalités de mobilité à Lima et à Bogotá et les problèmes de transport qui concernent les quartiers excentrés. Deuxièmement, détailler la méthodologie de sélection des zones les plus défavorisées socialement et présentant les conditions de déplacements parmi les plus difficiles au quotidien. C'est dans ces zones que seront mises en œuvre 1600 enquêtes ménages au cours du premier semestre 2022.; Este artigo apresenta parte do trabalho realizado como parte do programa Modural "Práticas de mobilidade sustentável nas metrópoles da América Latina: um estudo comparativo de Bogotá e Lima", lançado em janeiro de 2020. O Modural é um programa internacional e multidisciplinar financiado pela ANR (Agência Nacional de Pesquisa da França). Concentra-se no estudo das práticas de mobilidade sustentável dos domicílios que residem mais especificamente nas periferias populares. Este artigo tem dois objetivos. Primeiramente, destacar as configurações sócio-espaciais das desigualdades de mobilidade em Lima e Bogotá e os problemas de transporte que afetam as áreas periféricas. Em segundo lugar, detalhar a metodologia para selecionar as áreas socialmente mais desfavorecidas com as mais difíceis condições de locomoção. Nessas áreas, serão realizadas 1.600 pesquisas domiciliares na primeira metade de 2022.

International audience; Cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) is one of the leading food crops in the Colombian Caribbean. Participatory plant breeding is a strategy to obtain varieties that meet the needs of those who produce cassava, while valuing local knowledge and promoting the relationship between plant breeding processes and people, considering the low level of adoption of improved varieties of this plant reported in the region. Through a co-investigation process that included the participation of former FARC-EP combatants in the process of reincorporating into civilian life, we documented the knowledge about the varieties of cassava preserved by 20 peasants who live in the Montes de María. As a result, we describe the crop management and the uses and attributes associated with 25 reported common names of this plant. We highlight the need to recover the use of a greater number of cassava varieties; although there is knowledge about some of them, not many varieties are grown anymore. These results represent the primary input aimed at developing new varieties that respond to the preferences of the peasantry, which is a process that must be led and conducted by the communities themselves.; Considerando la importancia de la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) como uno de los principales cultivos alimenticios del Caribe colombiano y el bajo nivel de adopción de las variedades mejoradas que se ha reportado en la región, el fitomejoramiento participativo (FP) se presenta como una estrategia para la obtención de variedades que satisfagan las necesidades de quienes producen yuca y al tiempo valoran los saberes locales, promoviendo la relación entre los procesos de fitomejoramiento y la gente. A través de un proceso de coinvestigación que contó con la participación de excombatientes de las FARC-EP en proceso de reincorporación a la vida civil, se documentaron los conocimientos sobre las variedades de yuca conservadas por 20 campesinos que habitan en los Montes de María. Como resultado, se describe cómo se realiza el manejo del cultivo, los usos y atributos asociados con 25 nombres comunes reportados. Se destaca la necesidad de recuperar el uso de un mayor número de variedades de yuca, ya que, si bien existe conocimiento sobre algunas de ellas, muchas ya no se cultivan. Estos resultados representan el insumo primario dirigido al desarrollo de nuevas variedades que respondan a las preferencias propias del campesinado; proceso que debe ser liderado y conducido por las comunidades mismas.

International audience; Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a primary crop for food security of millions of people worldwide. In Colombia, the Caribbean region contributes about half of the national cassava production, despite major socioeconomic constraints such as unequal land property, omnipresence of middlemen, low and unstable prices, armed conflict, climate change and phytosanitary issues. Among the latter is Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), a disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis ( Xpm ) that leads to irreversible damage to plants, impeding growth and productivity. In 2016, we analyzed the role of sociocultural and agricultural practices on CBB prevalence in small-scale fields of a village of the Colombian Caribbean region, where farmers live almost exclusively from the sale of their cassava production. Semi-structured interviews (48) were conducted with all farmers who cultivated cassava to document individual sociodemographic characteristics, cassava farming practices, and perceptions about CBB occurrence. Cassava Bacterial Blight was diagnosed in the field and the presence of Xpm was further confirmed upon laboratory analysis of collected diseased leaf samples. Our data show that (i) according to the risks perceived by farmers, CBB is the main disease affecting cassava crops in the village and it could indeed be detected in about half of the fields visited; (ii) CBB occurrence depends strongly on land property issues, likely because of an inadequate phytosanitary control during acquisition of cuttings when farmers are forced to rent the land; and (iii) there is a strong positive correlation between the use of commercial fertilizers and the occurrence of CBB in the village of Villa López.

We introduce the FunAndes database, a compilation of functional trait data for the Andean flora spanning six countries. FunAndes contains data on 24 traits across 2,694 taxa, for a total of 105,466 entries. The database features plant-morphological attributes including growth form, and leaf, stem, and wood traits measured at the species or individual level, together with geographic metadata (i.e., coordinates and elevation). FunAndes follows the field names, trait descriptions and units of measurement of the TRY database. It is currently available in open access in the FIGSHARE data repository, and will be part of TRY’s next release. Open access trait data from Andean plants will contribute to ecological research in the region, the most species rich terrestrial biodiversity hotspot.

International audience; BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Abnormalities of the heart motion reveal the presence of a disease. However, a quantitative interpretation of the motion is still a challenge due to the complex dynamics of the heart. This work proposes a quantitative characterization of regional cardiac motion patterns in cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by a novel spatio-temporal saliency descriptor. METHOD: The strategy starts by dividing the cardiac sequence into a progression of scales which are in due turn mapped to a feature space of regional orientation changes, mimicking the multi-resolution decomposition of oriented primitive changes of visual systems. These changes are estimated as the difference between a particular time and the rest of the sequence. This decomposition is then temporarily and regionally integrated for a particular orientation and then for the set of different orientations. A final spatio-temporal 4D saliency map is obtained as the summation of the previously integrated information for the available scales. The saliency dispersion of this map was computed in standard cardiac locations as a measure of the regional motion pattern and was applied to discriminate control and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) subjects during the diastolic phase. RESULTS: Salient motion patterns were estimated from an experimental set, which consisted of 3D sequences acquired by MRI from 108 subjects (33 control, 35 HCM, 20 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 20 myocardial infarction (MINF) from heterogeneous datasets). HCM and control subjects were classified by an SVM that learned the salient motion patterns estimated from the presented strategy, by achieving a 94% AUC. In addition, statistical differences (test t-student, p

This paper explores the way in which academics address the role of innovation spaces in the development of the circular economy. Considering their characteristics, objectives, and functioning, we assume that innovationspaces can be favorable environments for eco-innovations facilitating the implementation of circular economy strategies. To examine this hypothesis, this paper mobilizes a mixed research method based on bibliometric analysis of keywords and content analysis. The results show that these collaborative environments can: foster sustainable experimental learning, provide methodologies and tools for the co-creation of circular solutions, drive the transition toward sustainable smart cities, foster the creation of new sustainable business models, promote sustainable urban entrepreneurship, and facilitate knowledge exchange on circular solutions. However, most of the reviewed literature focuses mainly on their impacts on sustainability and less on the concept of the circular economy per se. Consequently, this work provides insights on the potential of these spaces in the circular strategies’ implementation.

International audience; A new marine benthic toxic Prorocentrum species is described from the tropical/subtropical regions of the Atlantic (Colombian Caribbean Sea and Northeast Brazil) and Pacific (Southern Japan) oceans. Morphological cell structures were examined using light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Prorocentrum porosum sp. nov. was characterized by 35.9-50.2 μm long and 25.4-45.7 μm deep cells, covered by broadly ovoid symmetric thecal plates. The surface of both thecal plates is smooth and covered by randomly scattered kidney-shaped pores (n = 102-149), rounder towards the center, absent in the central part, and surrounded by a conspicuous marginal ring of about 69-92 evenly spaced pores. Broad V-shaped periflagellar area exhibiting flagellar and accessory pores. The molecular phylogenetic position of P. porosum sp. nov. was inferred using partial LSU rRNA gene (rDNA) and rDNA ITS sequences. This new species branched with high support in a Prorocentrum clade including P. caipirignum, P. hoffmannianum and P. cf. lima (P. lima morphotype 5 sensuZhang et al., 2015). Pairwise comparison of ITS1 and ITS2 transcripts with these closest relatives revealed the presence of compensatory base changes (CBCs), with the exception of P. cf. lima (P. lima morphotype 5), which only showed in ITS2 a hemi-CBC (HCBC) and two base changes that possibly induce a structural modification. Toxin analyses performed in two Colombian and Brazilian strains in the present study detected the presence of low amounts of okadaic acid.

International audience; Computation‐based techniques and modelling of human knowledge and preferences by using multi‐criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods are integrated in a multi‐scale and multi‐disciplinary approach for the chemical product and process design. The proposed methodology has four main stages: (a) construction of a molecular model for predicting product performance, (b) validation of product performance, (c) selection of alternatives integrating preferences of manufacturers and consumers, and (d) process optimization implementing MCDA methods. The methodology is oriented to find new products that can replace components of formulations, whose performance is already known. It was applied to an exploratory study about the use of glycerol as raw material to produce plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), replacing 2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). The results of the case study and the proposed process design offer promising prospects regarding their application in other chemical products.

International audience; U-Th-Pb geochronology of REE-bearing minerals such as monazite and other phosphates has become a precise tool to date mineralization events through geological time. In the E-Colombian Guainía department, from 3 colluvial sites over western Guiana Shield Mesoproterozoic rocks Nb-Ta, U-Th and REE bearing minerals probably of pegmatitic origin were sampled including up-to-0.5 cm long monazite crystals. The monazite pan concentrate samples from sites near to the indigenous communities of Barranquilla, San Jose and Chorro Bocón (Espina hills) along the Cuyari, Guainía, and Inírida rivers respectively, were analyzed geochemically and geochronologically using LA-ICP-MS and EPMA. The monazites obtained from the 3 sites are rather similar among each another and of approximate composition Ce0.44La0.16Nd0.16Sm004Y0.03Gd0.02Dy0.01Pr0.05Th0.08Pb0.01Ca0.05Si0.05P0.91O3.94. Their EPMA and LA-ICP-MS ages suggest at least two mineralization events, a first one between 1528 and 1523 Ma in the Barranquilla and San Jose sites, related to rapakivi granites outcropping along the Cuyarí River and the Tabaquen rapakivi granite near the Guainía River, both emplaced ~1545 Ma ago. The second mineralization event from 1390-1343 Ma recorded in the Espina-hills is in the age range of the Matraca and Danta rapakivi granites that crystalized between 1400 and 1340 Ma ago. These different anorogenic rapakivi granites were emplaced between 1550 and 1300 Ma into Mesoproterozoic basement rocks and were probably caused by intra-plate processes associated with mantle plume activity within the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent.

Public and private organizations are turning to innovation labs as open spaces that provide a stimulating and collaborative environment for developing new solutions. However, sustaining an innovation lab is a challenging task that requires more than well-meant intentions. Although this issue has been of interest to scholars for some time now, little is known about how innovation labs are managed or the main factors influencing their adaptation and evolution. Building on an existing framework, this article focuses on a case study of the ViveLab Bogota, an innovation lab in the Colombian public sector. The results reveal that having a clear and shared strategic intent, effective governance mechanisms, a defined financial model, continuous knowledge generation and a community-based approach, are factors that may enable or limit an innovation lab to experience a sustainable evolution. Finally, reflections are also shared on the use of the selected framework and possible points for improvement. JEL Codes: O32, O35, O38, O54

International audience; Brachymyrmex is a neglected genus of Formicinae because of its small body size, soft mesosoma, and superficially monotonous external morphology. These features have complicated the documentation of morphological variation, resulting in poorly defined and incompletely described species. Consequently, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and problematic, which has impeded research and conservation efforts. Here, we integrate molecular and morphological data to recognize species boundaries in Brachymyrmex and to guide its long-overdue revision. Specifically, we (1) redefine the limits of all described species, subspecies, and varieties based on intra-and interspecific morphological variation in workers; (2) document this variation quantitatively by constructing morphospace occupation and statistically analyzing measurements; (3) synthesize our findings on diagnostic traits in a dichotomous, illustrated identification key; and (4) examine the significance of our morphological identification system with molecular evidence from four gene fragments (EF1aEF1, EF1aEF2, WG, and COI). We recognize 40 species, of which four are new to science: Brachymyrmex bahamensis, Brachymyrmex bicolor, Brachymyrmex iridescens, and Brachymyrmex sosai. Furthermore, Brachymyrmex attenuatus and Brachymyrmex bonariensis are raised to species, and we propose 25 new synonyms. Morphometrics indicated that even poorly distinguishable species pairs show statistically significant differences in some traits, and that taxonomically problematic cases relate to taxa that demonstrate large intraspecific trait variance. Our molecular analysis supports the monophyly of the genus based on increased taxon sampling, and of the 19 species that were included 18 were retrieved as monophyletic. The single case of incongruence was also flagged in morphological analyses and requires extended geographic sampling before it can be resolved. In conclusion, the molecular work corroborates the morphologically recognized species boundaries. We also document the presence of worker dimorphism and putative worker-queen intercastes in several Brachymyrmex species, which indicates that the genus may present a promising study system to understand caste evolution in ants.

International audience; Hand gesture recognition is a promising research area often used in applications of human–computer interactions in the medical field. In this paper, we present a novel approach to differentiate gestures based on an arc-length parametrization and a curvature analysis of 3D trajectories. This new method called dynamic arc length warping (DALW) can outperform classic multi dimensional-dynamic time warping (MD-DTW) algorithm as it is invariant to sensor location and more tolerant to temporal distortions. Experimental validation of the algorithm is presented using different gestures and sensors in biomedical applications: an exoskeleton apparatus, surgical gestures captured by an instrumented laparoscopic device and finally, a birth simulator with an instrumented forceps. A basic perceptron multilayer neural network was implemented in order to perform the classification. Results involve an average increase of 7.14% in the classification rates by using DALW distance, compared to the classical MD-DTW.

International audience; Bioeconomy has gained importance during the last decade as a frame of reference for the design and implementation of policies to foster sustainable development and innovation. Considering the need for society to move to forms of production in which generation of wastes and the use of fossil fuels must be minimized or eliminated, Phase III biorefineries (mix feedstock and multiple products) have emerged as a promising and central element in bioeconomy. However, its industrial development has been slower than expected, especially due to investors’ poor perception of technological risk and large investment required. Among the current climate change challenges, the need of methodologies and tools to develop an optimal supply chain for a biorefinery, including all the aspects of sustainability and considering the territorial context of the project is fundamental. The present work proposes a comprehensive decision-making approach for a Phase III biorefinery project, by integrating all the sustainability dimensions. This approach is formalized and solved thanks to a multiobjective optimization model, where sustainability criteria are included in the formulation of objective functions, decision variables and constraints. To illustrate the proposed approach, a case study was developed for the Colombian context. The resulting Pareto fronts shown that biorefineries integrating different types of raw materials, even non-food crops, are economical feasible in North Colombia.

International audience; In particular industrial sectors, such as the cosmetic, there is a considerable amount of heuristics during the formulation stage, namely regarding qualitative function of ingredients, their incompatibilities, synergies and antagonisms, as well as their impact on sensorial attributes. In this work, the heuristic knowledge around the formulation of cosmetics emulsions has been incorporated into a systematic CAMD methodology. The methodology was tested in the creation of rinse-off hair conditioners. From an initial list of ingredients (i.e. twenty-four emollients, six thickeners and five emulsifiers) and a set of heuristics for their incorporation into cosmetic formulations, a group of optimized alternatives under specific performance and economic targets was obtained. Nine of the resulting formulations were prepared and then analyzed using instrumental methods. The rheological, textural and microstructural characteristics were similar for most of the samples, confirming the potential of this proposed methodology in designing and tailoring formulated products.

International audience; This paper examines through a single case study the process in which strategic intent is built within an innovation lab. As collaborative innovation structures, innovation labs are sensitive to collision of visions leading to misalignments that could undermine their purpose. Therefore, this study explores from a managerial point of view the way in which an innovation lab is designed, implemented, and sustained in a university context. Results depict the different manifestations of strategic intent that (1) led to the reorganization of existing capabilities under the original idea that gave life to the lab, (2) drove the experimentation and adaptation stages that shaped our case, and (3) favored the institutionalization of the practices and routines resulting from the lab to its ecosystem. This suggests the potential use of the framework to be applied as a coherence-building tool from which strategic intent could be made recognizable and operational.

International audience; Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) and X. cassavae (Xc) are two bacterial pathogens attacking cassava. Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) is a systemic disease caused by Xpm, which might have dramatic effects on plant growth and crop production. Cassava bacterial necrosis is a nonvascular disease caused by Xc with foliar symptoms similar to CBB, but its impacts on the plant vigour and the crop are limited. In this review, we describe the epidemiology and ecology of the two pathogens, the impacts and management of the diseases, and the main research achievements for each pathosystem. Because Xc data are sparse, our main focus is on Xpm and CBB.

International audience; A process of co-research with farmers in the rural area of Bogotá, documented traditional culinary practices and held meetings to discuss their territorial implications and the challenges of their transformations. The dialogues promoted the reactivation of memories and perceptions, linking the space of kitchens and territories, and included conversations on the risks and opportunities of innovations triggered by urban-rural relations. This research sheds light on the persistence of linkages related to local biodiversity, which represent a key asset for the conservation of biocultural diversity and of the material and immaterial heritage of Bogota.; A través de un proceso de co-investigación con sabedores de la ruralidad bogotana, se documentaron prácticas culinarias tradicionales y se realizaron encuentros para conversar sobre sus implicaciones territoriales y los desafíos de sus transformaciones. El diálogo permitió reactivar la memoria y las percepciones que, desde la cocina, remiten al territorio, y conversar sobre los riesgos y potencialidades de las innovaciones en las prácticas suscitadas, considerando la porosidad de las fronteras urbano-rurales. Se evidencia una persistencia de conocimientos y relaciones con la biodiversidad local, que representan un acervo esencial para pensar la conservación y dinamización de la diversidad biocultural y su integración como parte del patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial de Bogotá.

International audience; Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) play a significant role for pathogenesis in several xanthomonad pathosystems. Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), uses TALEs to manipulate host metabolism. Information about Xpm TALEs and their target genes in cassava is scarce, but has been growing in the last few years. We aimed to characterize the TALE diversity in Colombian strains of Xpm and to screen for TALE-targeted gene candidates. We selected eighteen Xpm strains based on neutral genetic diversity at a country scale to depict the TALE diversity among isolates from cassava productive regions. RFLP analysis showed that Xpm strains carry TALomes with a bimodal size distribution, and affinity-based clustering of the sequenced TALEs condensed this variability mainly into five clusters. We report on the identification of 13 novel variants of TALEs in Xpm, as well as a functional variant with 22 repeats that activates the susceptibility gene MeSWEET10a, a previously reported target of TAL20(Xam668). Transcriptomics and EBE prediction analyses resulted in the selection of several TALE-targeted candidate genes and two potential cases of functional convergence. This study provides new bases for assessing novel potential TALE targets in the Xpm-cassava interaction, which could be important factors that define the fate of the infection.

International audience; In order to clarify if rutile-(Nb,Ta) mega-crystals in the Indigenous Cachicamo community (NE-Vichada-department, Colombia) are derived from rocks of the Parguaza Rapakivi Granite suite, samples were extracted from a ferruginous duricrust layer (composed of hematite, goethite, limonite, ± magnetite, ilmenite, zircon, and rock fragments) of a lateritic profile over granitoid basement rocks and analyzed together with soils and concentrates. Density and pXRF measurements of >250 rutiles revealed a strong variation from low-density (~3.4 g/cm3), nearly-pure TiO2-rutiles, to rutile-(Nb,Ta) crystals (up-to 5.9 g/cm3) enriched in Nb, Ta, Fe, Mn, Sn, V and W. Metallography, SEM-EDX, XRF and XRD exhibited up-to 0.2 mm- inclusions of ~17% columbite-(Fe) and 4% cassiterite in a ~78% rutile-(Nb,Ta) matrix, where EPMA values of ~72% TiO2, 11% Nb2O5, 9% Ta2O5, 6% Fe2O3 and 1.5% SnO2 confirm, together with low W and Mn, pegmatitic-pneumatolytic conditions. ICP-MS measurements yielded enough U for encouraging LA-ICP-MS dating in the University of Rennes 1, where, using rutile standards R10 and R19, in ten rutile-(Nb,Ta) crystals, concordant U/Pb-ages of 1512±12 My were determined. These ages confirm the former assumption based on field observation that the Cachicamo rutiles-(Nb,Ta) originally crystalized within the 1500-1550 My-old Parguaza Granite in Venezuela, where secondary deposits contain similar (sub-?) economic cassiterite, rutile-(Nb,Ta), columbite-tantalite and monazite. Additionally, the analysis of different horizons containing zircon, ilmenite and magnetite, showed that rutiles-(Nb,Ta) are restricted to the duricrust horizon. Detrital zircons from the A-horizon (duricrust) revealed a similar age span of 1525 My, which is coeval with the Parguaza Batholith reported in Venezuela, whereas ages of 1415 My of zircons from the C-horizon (regolith) coincide with the local Parguaza Rapakivi Granite ages (1340-1402 My). Hence, this study supports a nonlocal source for the Cachicamo rutile-(Nb,Ta) crystals, which probably had experienced a post-exhumation transport westward over several tens of kilometres through a zone which nowadays is deepened by the Orinoco-river valley.; Para resolver la pregunta si megacristales de rutilo-(Nb,Ta) en la Comunidad Indígena de Cachicamo (NE-Vichada) provienen de rocas del Granito Rapakivi de Parguaza se extrajeron rutilos de una coraza ferruginosa superficial o duricrust compuesta por (hematita, limonita, ± magnetita, ilmenita, circón, fragmentos de roca), desarrollada sobre un perfil laterítico del basamento granítico, que fueron analizados junto a suelos y concentrados. Mediciones simultáneas de densidad y FRXp de >250 rutilos revelaron variaciones fuertes desde rutilos livianos (~3,4 g/cm3), de casi puro TiO2, hasta rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de 5,9 g/cm3 enriquecidos en Nb, Ta, Fe, Mn, Sn, V y W. Metalografía, MEB-EDX, FRX y DRX revelaron inclusiones de hasta 0,2 mm compuestas de ~17% columbita-(Fe) y 4% casiterita en una matriz de ~78% rutilo-(Nb,Ta). Valores EPMA (72% TiO2, 11% Nb2O5, 9% Ta2O5, 6% Fe2O3, 1,5% SnO2) confirman junto con bajos contenidos de W y Mn una afinidad pegmatítica - pneumatolítica. Mediciones ICP-MS indicaron suficiente U para probar dataciones en la Universidad Rennes 1, donde, usando estándares R10 y R19, diez rutilos-(Nb,Ta), arrojaron edades de cristalización U/Pb concordantes de 1512±12 Ma.Estas edades coinciden con observaciones de campo, según las cuales los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de Cachicamo cristalizaron en el Granito de Parguaza hace 1500-1550 Ma en Venezuela, donde depósitos secundarios contienen mineralizaciones comparables (sub-?) económicas de casiterita, rutilo-(Nb,Ta), columbita-tantalita y monacita. El análisis de minerales pesados (circón, ilmenita, magnetita) muestra que los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) se limitan al duricrust del horizonte A, donde circones detríticos de 1525 Ma son coetáneos al Batolito de Parguaza en Venezuela (1500-1550 Ma), mientras los circones del horizonte C (regolito) con 1415 Ma tienen edades similares al Granito Rapakivi Parguaza local (1340-1402 Ma) en estas partes distales del Batolito en Colombia. Así, los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de Cachicamo no se pueden haber formado in-situ sino que experimentaron un transporte post-exhumación por decenas de kilómetros atravesando lo que actualmente es el valle del río Orinoco

Thrips tabaci Lindeman is one of the main insect pests of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Colombia and several other countries. Strategies for its control are currently based on the use of chemical products. In a recent survey, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini) and Parasitus bituberosus Karg, two soil-dwelling predatory mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata), were found associated with this crop at Boyacá department, Colombia. Given that T. tabaci spends its pre-pupal and pupal stages in the soil, this study was conducted to evaluate the predation and oviposition of G. aculeifer and P. bituberosus on these developmental stages under laboratory conditions. The predators consumed up to 6.8 ± 0.52 and 6.9 ± 0.45 T. tabaci pre-pupae/ pupae, respectively, when offered 6 –10 prey a day. The maximum oviposition rates were 4.4 ± 0.25 eggs/female/day for G. aculeifer and 6.9 ± 0.26 eggs/female/day for P. bituberosus, with a mean egg viability higher than 91% for both predators. These results suggest that the evaluated predators may affect the population of T. tabaci under field conditions, and that the conduction of complementary studies on those predators is warranted, envisioning their practical use for T. tabaci control in Colombia., Acarologia, 61, 394-402

International audience; Over the past two decades, the presence of so-called emerging contaminants in various environmental compartments around the world, such as water, sediments, soils and atmosphere, and in a wide variety of consumer products has become a major concern for society, public health authorities, industry (namely food industry and water sector) and the agricultural sector. Some of these substances are endocrine disruptors and others are proven carcinogens and mutagens. In particular, there is a growing concern about the presence of emerging contaminants in water resources.The list of substances and products is particularly long: pesticides, pharmaceuti-cals, drugs of abuse (including licit and illicit drugs), cosmetics, personal care prod-ucts, surfactants, cleaning products, industrial formulations and chemicals, food additives, food packaging, metalloids, rare earth elements, nanomaterials, micro-plastics and pathogens. Most of these substances are found not only in domestic wastewater and industrial discharges, but also in surface and ground water, and consequently in drinking water and food sources. Therefore, emerging contami-nants entering the aquatic compartment may cause known, unknown or suspected adverse effects on the ecosystems and/or human health. Many molecules have been classified in recent years as priority or priority hazardous substances, and thus, the industrial world and the municipal wastewater treatment plants are particularly con-cerned by the release of these substances by virtue of increasingly strict regulations. However, existing conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants were not designed for eliminating these new contaminants. In addition, most emerging contaminants are not yet routinely monitored either in industrial discharges or in the environment. From an academic point of view, emerging substances are also of great interest to the scientific community and receive special attention. The areas of research concern not only their effects on human health and their impact on environment, but also their sources, analysis and fate in the environment, as well as their remediation. Indeed, their behavior in the environ-ment and their effects on all living organisms remain largely unknown. Many sub-stances are difficult to remove by conventional water treatment processes. Thus, there is an intense research activity on all these topics.The objective of this chapter is to present a recent state of knowledge on emerging substances and their presence in the aquatic environment. After general considerations on emerging contaminants, the first part is focused on chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for their analysis and detection, and on detection of microplastics in water and sediment. The presence of alkylphenols, rare earth elements and nanoparticles in the aquatic environment is then discussed. Finally, examples of contamination described from around the world, from China to Portugal, Mexico, Colombia and Brazil, are presented.

International audience; In order to clarify if rutile-(Nb,Ta) mega-crystals in the Indigenous Cachicamo community (NE-Vichada-department, Colombia) are derived from rocks of the Parguaza Rapakivi Granite suite, samples were extracted from a ferruginous duricrust layer (composed of hematite, goethite, limonite, ± magnetite, ilmenite, zircon, and rock fragments) of a lateritic profile over granitoid basement rocks and analyzed together with soils and concentrates. Density and pXRF measurements of >250 rutiles revealed a strong variation from low-density (~3.4 g/cm3), nearly-pure TiO2-rutiles, to rutile-(Nb,Ta) crystals (up-to 5.9 g/cm3) enriched in Nb, Ta, Fe, Mn, Sn, V and W. Metallography, SEM-EDX, XRF and XRD exhibited up-to 0.2 mm- inclusions of ~17% columbite-(Fe) and 4% cassiterite in a ~78% rutile-(Nb,Ta) matrix, where EPMA values of ~72% TiO2, 11% Nb2O5, 9% Ta2O5, 6% Fe2O3 and 1.5% SnO2 confirm, together with low W and Mn, pegmatitic-pneumatolytic conditions. ICP-MS measurements yielded enough U for encouraging LA-ICP-MS dating in the University of Rennes 1, where, using rutile standards R10 and R19, in ten rutile-(Nb,Ta) crystals, concordant U/Pb-ages of 1512±12 My were determined. These ages confirm the former assumption based on field observation that the Cachicamo rutiles-(Nb,Ta) originally crystalized within the 1500-1550 My-old Parguaza Granite in Venezuela, where secondary deposits contain similar (sub-?) economic cassiterite, rutile-(Nb,Ta), columbite-tantalite and monazite. Additionally, the analysis of different horizons containing zircon, ilmenite and magnetite, showed that rutiles-(Nb,Ta) are restricted to the duricrust horizon. Detrital zircons from the A-horizon (duricrust) revealed a similar age span of 1525 My, which is coeval with the Parguaza Batholith reported in Venezuela, whereas ages of 1415 My of zircons from the C-horizon (regolith) coincide with the local Parguaza Rapakivi Granite ages (1340-1402 My). Hence, this study supports a nonlocal source for the Cachicamo rutile-(Nb,Ta) crystals, which probably had experienced a post-exhumation transport westward over several tens of kilometres through a zone which nowadays is deepened by the Orinoco-river valley.; Para resolver la pregunta si megacristales de rutilo-(Nb,Ta) en la Comunidad Indígena de Cachicamo (NE-Vichada) provienen de rocas del Granito Rapakivi de Parguaza se extrajeron rutilos de una coraza ferruginosa superficial o duricrust compuesta por (hematita, limonita, ± magnetita, ilmenita, circón, fragmentos de roca), desarrollada sobre un perfil laterítico del basamento granítico, que fueron analizados junto a suelos y concentrados. Mediciones simultáneas de densidad y FRXp de >250 rutilos revelaron variaciones fuertes desde rutilos livianos (~3,4 g/cm3), de casi puro TiO2, hasta rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de 5,9 g/cm3 enriquecidos en Nb, Ta, Fe, Mn, Sn, V y W. Metalografía, MEB-EDX, FRX y DRX revelaron inclusiones de hasta 0,2 mm compuestas de ~17% columbita-(Fe) y 4% casiterita en una matriz de ~78% rutilo-(Nb,Ta). Valores EPMA (72% TiO2, 11% Nb2O5, 9% Ta2O5, 6% Fe2O3, 1,5% SnO2) confirman junto con bajos contenidos de W y Mn una afinidad pegmatítica - pneumatolítica. Mediciones ICP-MS indicaron suficiente U para probar dataciones en la Universidad Rennes 1, donde, usando estándares R10 y R19, diez rutilos-(Nb,Ta), arrojaron edades de cristalización U/Pb concordantes de 1512±12 Ma.Estas edades coinciden con observaciones de campo, según las cuales los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de Cachicamo cristalizaron en el Granito de Parguaza hace 1500-1550 Ma en Venezuela, donde depósitos secundarios contienen mineralizaciones comparables (sub-?) económicas de casiterita, rutilo-(Nb,Ta), columbita-tantalita y monacita. El análisis de minerales pesados (circón, ilmenita, magnetita) muestra que los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) se limitan al duricrust del horizonte A, donde circones detríticos de 1525 Ma son coetáneos al Batolito de Parguaza en Venezuela (1500-1550 Ma), mientras los circones del horizonte C (regolito) con 1415 Ma tienen edades similares al Granito Rapakivi Parguaza local (1340-1402 Ma) en estas partes distales del Batolito en Colombia. Así, los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de Cachicamo no se pueden haber formado in-situ sino que experimentaron un transporte post-exhumación por decenas de kilómetros atravesando lo que actualmente es el valle del río Orinoco

International audience; In this research we are concerned with how to make people collaborate for the common good in digital platforms, how to raise empathy, how to create, motivate or manage initiatives for common good, how to encourage responsibility to engage people with prob-lems. To investigate this, we analyzed four digital collaborative pro-jects found in the literature to understand how the collaboration is mediated and to examine their opportunities and challenges. The four online communities investigated are collaborations as and for common good: the first is a time-bank (Case 1: C1), a platform where the unit of exchange is not money, but time. The second is about Wikipedia (C2), where users are building an open encyclopedia by indexing information and making it available to internet users. The third has to do with users’ participation in open-source software (C3), designing together and making it openly available. And the fourth is about some crowdsourced science platforms that involve people in species digitalization of irreplaceable data (C4), given the unprecedented biodiversity loss. The analyses of the cases were done through the lenses of a theoretical framework for collabora-tion in immersive environments which helps us to better under-stand the different factors affecting the collaboration. Revealing how those factors play a role in each case allows us to understand how to encourage and facilitate digital collaborations.

International audience; The main objective of this work was to analyze the physico-chemicals properties of biochars produced from the steam gasification of different lignocellulosic agrowastes, and determine the suitability of these materials to be used in soil amendment and remediation applications. Steam gasification biochars from three lignocellulosic agrowastes were extensively characterized. Coconut shells (CS), bamboo guadua (BG), and oil palm shells (OPS) were chosen as raw materials, considering their different macromolecular structure and inorganic composition. The biochars composition, morphology, pH, acid neutralization (ANC) and cation exchange (CEC) capacities, as well as their mineral release at different conditions were evaluated and compared. The experimental results showed that the inorganic content and composition of the biochars have a stronger impact on their properties for soil applications, in comparison to their organic composition and morphology. In particular, BG biochar, the sample with the highest mineral content, exhibited the most notable cation exchange (45 cmolc/kg) and acid neutralization capacities (125 cmol H+/kg), together with the greatest release of plant micro and macro-nutrients. In the case of biochars with low mineral content, higher CEC and ANC were most related to the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in their surface. Considering that agricultural residues come from numerous sources and activities, the presented results usefully contribute to the comprehension of the relationship between the raw biomass characteristics, the physico-chemical properties of steam gasification biochars, and their expected performance in soil applications, opening a new promising valorization pathway for these materials.

Single crystals of URu2Si2 show below 17.5 K a transition into an ordered state with a significantly reduced entropy. The low temperature phase is called the hidden order (HO) state, because its microscopic origin is still unknown—there are no charge, structural or magnetic transitions associated to HO. Here we report a one-dimensional (1D) charge modulation within the HO state of URu2Si2. We perform detailed Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) experiments with high resolution on many atomically flat surfaces of URu2Si2 obtained by fracturing single crystals at cryogenic temperatures and find a 1D charge density wave with a large wavevector. We show that the 1D modulation is connected to the dynamical magnetic excitations of the HO through a moire construction and appears as a consequence of excitations quenched through the interaction between the travelling fracture front and the dynamic modes of the crystal. The combination of fracture dynamics and the dynamics of the solid provides a method to create ground states and shows that charge interactions are among the most relevant features competing with HO in URu2Si2. URu2Si2 is known to exhibit a lower temperature phase transition termed a ‘hidden order’ due to the difficulty its detection using conventional solid-state probes and the exact mechanism still remains unknown. Here, the authors use scanning tunnelling microscopy to reveal a 1D charge density wave for cleaved samples of URu2Si2 and demonstrate a potential connection with the hidden order state.

International audience; The 1.80-1.76 Ga crystalline basement in Colombia as part of the W-Amazonian Craton is composed mainly of gneisses, granitoids and migmatites, affected later by several compressive and extensional events resulting for example in A-type granites, but also mafic intrusions and dikes. Here we present, after a revision of main geological features, research results obtained on the NW-SE trending ilmenite-apatite-rich Caño Viejita gabbro in the SW-Vichada department some 500 km east of Bogota. Petrographic and geochemical data hint to a metaluminous continental alkaline gabbro enriched in K, Ti and P, possibly due to continental crust reworking or magma mixing, as also confirmed by trace elements characteristics in the apatites like HREE enrichment (Ce/Yb)cn 12-13, negative Eu-anomaly, and Y, Th, Sr, Mn ratios. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb apatite geochronology suggests an early Neoproterozoic emplacement age between 975±9 and 1002±21 Ma related with rifting triggered by the Amazonia-Baltica-Laurentia collision during the Rodinia Supercontinent assembly and associated Grenvillian events. These events also caused mafic intrusions in other parts of the craton. Apatite fission track thermochronometry and thermal history modelling on one sample suggest the onset of the final exhumation stage during Jurassic 31 (~180 Ma), which brought the rocks slowly to their current outcrop position.

International audience; Mortiño (Hesperomeles goudotiana (Decne.) Killip) and Uva Camarona (Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C.Sm.) are two native species of the high Andean ecosystems that are found both in wooded areas, in roads and homegardens in the rurality of Bogotá. Although their food use as wild berries is traditional and well known among high mountain peasant communities, the sociocultural factors associated with agri-food systems of this kind of species and its commercialization in large-scale populated centers have not been analyzed. In this research, semi-structured interviews were carried out in 17 rural areas of Bogotá, 12 urban public market places were visited, as well as representatives of restaurants and networks of solidarity-based commercialization in Bogotá who have introduced these species in their offer were interviewed. As a result, a compilation of the knowledge associated with Mortiño and Uva Camarona is made and a description of its circulation in agri-food circuits from its collection in the field to its final destinations in the Bogotá urban area. Additionally, the relationship between the commercialization of these species, the conservation of the biocultural memory and the socioeconomic opportunities that its promotion and sustainable managementwould have at the local scale are analyzed.; El Mortiño (Hesperomeles goudotiana (Decne.) Killip) y la Uva Camarona (Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C.Sm.) son dos especies nativas de los ecosistemas altoandinos que se encuentran tanto en áreas boscosas como en caminos y huertas de la ruralidad de Bogotá. Aunque su uso alimenticio como frutos silvestres es tradicional y bien conocido entre las comunidades campesinas de alta montaña, no se han analizado los factores socioculturales asociados con los sistemas agroalimentarios y cadenas de suministro de este tipo de especies y su comercialización en centros poblados a mayor escala. En este estudio, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas en 17 veredas de la ruralidad de Bogotá, se visitaron 12 plazas de mercado públicas urbanas y se entrevistaron a representantes de restaurantes y redes de comercialización solidaria en Bogotá que han introducido estas plantas en su oferta. Como resultado, se hace una recopilación de los saberes asociados con el Mortiño y la Uva Camarona y una descripción de su circulación en sistemas agroalimentarios desde su recolección en campo hasta sus destinos finales en el área urbana de Bogotá. Adicionalmente, se analiza la relación entre la comercialización de estas especies, la conservación de la memoria biocultural y las oportunidades socioeconómicas que tendría su promoción y manejo sustentable a escala local.