6 results on '"VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS"'
Search Results
2. A Soil Moisture and Vegetation-Based Susceptibility Mapping Approach to Wildfire Events in Greece.
- Author
-
Chaleplis, Kyriakos, Walters, Avery, Fang, Bin, Lakshmi, Venkataraman, and Gemitzi, Alexandra
- Subjects
- *
SOIL moisture , *WILDFIRES , *WILDFIRE prevention , *LANDSAT satellites , *SPRING , *AUTUMN - Abstract
Wildfires in Mediterranean areas are becoming more frequent, and the fire season is extending toward the spring and autumn months. These alarming findings indicate an urgent need to develop fire susceptibility methods capable of identifying areas vulnerable to wildfires. The present work aims to uncover possible soil moisture and vegetation condition precursory signals of the largest and most devastating wildfires in Greece that occurred in 2021, 2022, and 2023. Therefore, the time series of two remotely sensed datasets–MAP L4 Soil Moisture (SM) and Landsat 8 NDVI, which represent vegetation and soil moisture conditions—were examined before five destructive wildfires in Greece during the study period. The results of the analysis highlighted specific properties indicative of fire-susceptible areas. NDVI in all fire-affected areas ranged from 0.13 to 0.35, while mean monthly soil moisture showed negative anomalies in the spring periods preceding fires. Accordingly, fire susceptibility maps were developed, verifying the usefulness of remotely sensed information related to soil moisture and NDVI. This information should be used to enhance fire models and identify areas at risk of wildfires in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Soil Moisture and Vegetation-Based Susceptibility Mapping Approach to Wildfire Events in Greece
- Author
-
Kyriakos Chaleplis, Avery Walters, Bin Fang, Venkataraman Lakshmi, and Alexandra Gemitzi
- Subjects
SMAP soil moisture ,Landsat 8 NDVI ,fire susceptibility mapping ,fire precursory signals ,vulnerability to disasters ,Science - Abstract
Wildfires in Mediterranean areas are becoming more frequent, and the fire season is extending toward the spring and autumn months. These alarming findings indicate an urgent need to develop fire susceptibility methods capable of identifying areas vulnerable to wildfires. The present work aims to uncover possible soil moisture and vegetation condition precursory signals of the largest and most devastating wildfires in Greece that occurred in 2021, 2022, and 2023. Therefore, the time series of two remotely sensed datasets–MAP L4 Soil Moisture (SM) and Landsat 8 NDVI, which represent vegetation and soil moisture conditions—were examined before five destructive wildfires in Greece during the study period. The results of the analysis highlighted specific properties indicative of fire-susceptible areas. NDVI in all fire-affected areas ranged from 0.13 to 0.35, while mean monthly soil moisture showed negative anomalies in the spring periods preceding fires. Accordingly, fire susceptibility maps were developed, verifying the usefulness of remotely sensed information related to soil moisture and NDVI. This information should be used to enhance fire models and identify areas at risk of wildfires in the near future.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Colombia : Policy Strategy for Public Financial Management of Natural Disaster Risk
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
INFORMATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,volatility ,FLOODING ,LANDSLIDE ,RISK ANALYSIS ,REINSURANCE ,FIRE ,DISASTER EVENTS ,CONTINGENT LIABILITY ,fiscal risk ,DECLARATION ,PROGRAMS ,PROJECTS ,INSURANCE INDUSTRY ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,catastrophe insurance ,LOSS ,INSURANCE COVERAGE ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,EARTHQUAKE ,LOSSES ,health care economics and organizations ,DAMAGE ,RISK ,INSURANCE POLICIES ,MANDATES ,MUNICIPALITIES ,EARTHQUAKES ,INDEMNITY INSURANCE ,EMERGENCY ,COVERAGE ,PRIVATE INSURANCE ,natural disasters ,RESERVES ,BANK ,DISASTERS ,LANDSLIDES ,INSURANCE ,LOANS ,fiscal policy ,RISK DIVERSIFICATION ,PHYSICAL DAMAGES ,RISK INSURANCE ,STRATEGIES ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,REGULATIONS ,MITIGATION ,INDUSTRY ,CREDIT ,NATURAL DISASTER ,risk management ,VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ,FINANCE ,SUSTAINABILITY ,financial innovation ,PRICES ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,DISASTER RISKS ,RECONSTRUCTION ,DAMAGES ,LIABILITY MANAGEMENT ,RISK MITIGATION ,ERUPTION ,LIABILITIES ,FLOODS ,HOUSING ,INDEMNITY ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,INTEREST ,RISK TRANSFER ,SERVICES ,EMERGENCY RELIEF ,PUBLIC DEBT ,CREDIT RISK ,DEBT ,CONTINGENT LIABILITIES ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,DISASTER ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER RISK ,ERUPTIONS ,public finance ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,PROPERTY ,FINANCIAL RISK ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Disasters resulting from natural hazards represent an important challenge for Colombia’s fiscal sustainability and stability. Colombia is one of the countries with the highest recurrence rate of disasters caused by natural hazards in Latin America (see the Annex)1. As the country’s population and economy continue to grow, so will the economic losses resulting from such events, an average of 600 disaster events of which is reported per year2. Colombia’s rate of economic growth is increasing the base of assets exposed to disaster risks, which may lead to significant increases in losses, particularly if investments in new assets are not accompanied by plans for mitigating disaster risk. The Government of Colombia (GoC) recognizes the importance of mitigating these events and has taken several steps to mainstream disaster risk management into its policy and programs, as evinced by the National Development Plan ‘2014-2018’, ‘all for a New Country’. The MHCP is committed to developing strategies for reducing its contingent liabilities in relation to disasters and to managing the fiscal risk resulting from these events. This document presents the priority policy objectives that have been established to assess, reduce, and manage fiscal risk due to natural disasters. It also describes the MHCP’s efforts to progress its policy objectives in the long term. These policy objectives represent the MHCP’s ex ante policy framework regarding management of financial and fiscal disaster risk. The MHCP identifies three priority policy objectives in order to strengthen management of the Government’s contingent liabilities and thus support the goal of achieving macroeconomic stability and fiscal balance. The policy objectives are: (i) identification and understanding of fiscal risk due to disasters; (ii) financial management of natural disaster risk, including the implementation of innovative financial instruments; and (iii) catastrophe risk insurance for public assets.
- Published
- 2016
5. Social Protection for Disaster Risk Management : Opportunities for Myanmar
- Author
-
Stokkel, Inge
- Subjects
SOCIAL WELFARE ,STORM ,EXTREME WEATHER EVENT ,FIRE ,RISK COPING ,DISASTER EVENTS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION MECHANISM ,EXTREME EVENTS ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER RECOVERY ,EXTREME WEATHER ,SAFETY NETS ,DAMAGE ,RISK REDUCTION ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,FOOD INSECURITY ,EARTHQUAKES ,TRANSFER PROGRAMS ,BANK ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,ASPECTS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,FARMERS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,REDUCING POVERTY ,SEARCH AND RESCUE ,WORK PROGRAM ,SOCIAL PROTECTION INSTRUMENTS ,DISASTER COMMUNITY ,VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES ,FLOOD ,RECONSTRUCTION ,DISASTER RESPONSES ,RISK MITIGATION ,ERUPTION ,FIRES ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,EMERGENCIES ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,FOOD ASSISTANCE ,RESCUE ,SUBSISTENCE FARMERS ,DISASTER-AFFECTED POPULATIONS ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,VICTIMS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,RESPONSE TO DISASTER ,SAVING ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,TENTS ,DISASTER VICTIMS ,CASH BENEFITS ,DROUGHTS ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,FLOODING ,CLIMATIC SHOCKS ,STORMS ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,DECLARATION ,NATURAL HAZARD ,EARTHQUAKE ,DROUGHT ,DISASTER-AFFECTED PEOPLE ,RISK ,INFORMAL SAFETY NETS ,VULNERABLE PEOPLE ,DELIVERY MECHANISMS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION INTERVENTIONS ,FOOD SECURITY ,EMERGENCY ,TRANSFER BENEFITS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,SAFETY ,DISASTERS ,LANDSLIDES ,INSURANCE ,SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ,REHABILITATION PROGRAMS ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,EMERGENCY AID ,BANKS ,DISASTER RELIEF ,INSURANCE SCHEMES ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS ,EARLY WARNING ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AGENCY ,NATURAL DISASTER ,TSUNAMI ,WEATHER EVENT ,TSUNAMIS ,TECHNOLOGY ,DAMAGES ,COPING MECHANISMS ,INSURANCE MECHANISMS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION INSTRUMENT ,FLOODS ,INSURANCE PRODUCTS ,EMERGENCY FOOD ,DOCUMENTS ,WARNING SYSTEMS ,EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ,WEATHER EVENTS ,DISASTER ,SAVINGS ,EMERGENCY NEEDS ,DISASTER RISK ,CASH TRANSFERS ,SCHOOL ATTENDANCE ,SMOOTHING CONSUMPTION - Abstract
Social protection can help build people’s social and economic resilience against disasters in Myanmar. Regular cash transfers, including public works programs, can help smooth consumption,build and maintain assets, and develop human capital to better cope with natural hazards. Disaster risk management (DRM) systems can be linked to social protection programs to trigger a safetynet response in times of emergencies. Community-driven development (CDD) programs could provide a useful platform for social protection programming to respond to disasters and build long termresilience in Myanmar.
- Published
- 2015
6. Fiji : Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
INSURANCE LAW ,STORM ,COUNTRY RISK ,PROPERTY INSURERS ,DEPOSIT ,TAX CREDITS ,NATURAL CATASTROPHES ,EXTREME EVENTS ,NON-LIFE INSURANCE ,PHYSICAL ASSETS ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,INCOME ,GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS ,EARTHQUAKES ,BUILDING CODE ,RETURNS ,RISK FACTORS ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,CREDIT LINES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,BROKER ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,INSURERS ,EXTERNAL CREDIT ,HOLDING ,BORROWING CAPACITY ,DRAWN DOWN ,CAPTIVE INSURANCE ,DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ,INCOME STREAM ,FLOOD ,RELIEF ASSISTANCE ,SWAPS ,RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS ,GRANT FUNDING ,SWAP ,UNDERWRITING ,DISBURSEMENT ,LIQUIDITY ,RISK POOLING ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,DOMESTIC CREDIT ,LOCAL BUSINESSES ,FUNGIBLE ,INSURANCE SUPERVISORS ,FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS ,FINANCIAL RISK ,INSURANCE PENETRATION ,BUDGET DEFICIT ,INDEBTED COUNTRIES ,SOVEREIGN RISK ,LOCAL MARKET ,VOLCANOES ,FINANCING REQUIREMENTS ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,STORM SURGE ,FLOODING ,DISBURSEMENTS ,TAX DEDUCTION ,CONTINGENT LIABILITY ,RISK PREMIUMS ,NATURAL HAZARD ,PORTFOLIO ,EARTHQUAKE ,INSURER ,INSURANCE MARKET ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,CATASTROPHIC EVENT ,TROPICAL CYCLONES ,RISK EXPOSURES ,EXCHANGE RATE ,HEALTH CARE ,INSURED LOSSES ,INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE ,EQUIPMENT ,CURRENCY ,CATASTROPHE INSURANCE ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,CATASTROPHE BONDS ,BANKS ,FINANCIAL RESILIENCE ,RISK INSURANCE ,DISASTER RELIEF ,LOAN ,NATURAL DISASTER ,RISK PROFILE ,MATURITY ,DISASTER INSURANCE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION ,INSURANCE AGENTS ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ISSUANCE ,FLOODS ,ASSET VALUE ,INSURANCE RATES ,INTERNATIONAL RELIEF ,DISASTER MITIGATION ,FORMS OF CREDIT ,INDEMNITY ,INSURANCE BROKERS ,UNDERINSURANCE ,RISK TRANSFER ,TRADING ,RESERVE FUND ,CLIMATE ,INSURANCE PREMIUMS ,INSURANCE REGULATION ,INSPECTIONS ,INTERNATIONAL REINSURANCE ,FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ,NATURAL CATASTROPHE ,INSURANCE BROKER ,RISK EXPOSURE ,VALUATION ,TAX ,DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS ,DISASTER FINANCING ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,REINSURANCE ,FIRE ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,ALLOCATION ,DISASTER EVENTS ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,CONTINGENCY PLANNING ,INSURANCE SUPERVISION ,INSURANCE COMPANY ,PROGRAMS ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,INSURANCE COVERAGE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,LAND USE ,INSTRUMENT ,OFFSHORE MARKET ,BROKERS ,TROPICAL CYCLONE ,REINSURANCE CONTRACT ,INDEMNITY INSURANCE ,LIFE INSURANCE PREMIUM ,GOVERNMENT BONDS ,REINSURERS ,RESERVES ,OPPORTUNITY COST ,PUBLIC ASSETS ,SETTLEMENT ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,REINSURANCE CAPACITY ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,RELIEF SUPPLIES ,SOLVENCY ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,SALESPEOPLE ,STOCK EXCHANGES ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,REINSURANCE PREMIUMS ,STOCK EXCHANGE ,RELIEF WORK ,APPLICATIONS ,POLITICAL UNCERTAINTIES ,DOMESTIC BONDS ,FINANCIAL EXPOSURES ,RELIEF ,DISASTER EMERGENCY ,NATIONAL INVESTMENT ,LIFE INSURERS ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,RESERVE BANK ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS ,DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,RETURN ,DOMESTIC DEBT ,DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION ,TAX INCENTIVES ,EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE ,INSURANCE PREMIUM ,MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION ,WIND SPEED ,INSURANCE INDUSTRY ,SOLVENCY REQUIREMENTS ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,ACCOUNTING ,PORTFOLIOS ,VALUATIONS ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INSURANCE CLAIMS ,MARKET PENETRATION ,GENERAL INSURANCE ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,LOCAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,RESERVE ,LANDSLIDES ,INSURANCE ,HOLDINGS ,LIFE INSURANCE ,PROPERTY INSURANCE ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,SINKING FUND ,ASSURANCE ,EXPENDITURES ,TSUNAMI ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,GLOBAL BOND ,DISASTER RISK FINANCING ,DISASTER RISKS ,MONETARY FUND ,TSUNAMIS ,DAMAGES ,AGENTS ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,DOMESTIC SOURCES ,INSURANCE PRODUCTS ,INSURANCE PILOT ,EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ,ATTACHMENT POINT ,BANKING CORPORATION ,DISASTER ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,DISASTER RISK ,INSURANCE MARKETS ,INSURANCE CONTRACTS ,FINANCIAL RISK-SHARING MECHANISMS ,EXPENDITURE ,TAX CONCESSIONS - Abstract
This note aims to build understanding of the existing disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) tools in use in Fiji and to identify gaps where potential engagement could further develop financial resilience. In addition the note aims to encourage peer exchange of regional knowledge, specifically by encouraging dialogue on past experiences, lessons learned, optimal use of these financial tools, and the effect they may have on the execution of post-disaster funds. In 2012 alone Fiji experienced three major events with estimated total damage of F$146 million (US$78 million). Fiji is expected to incur, on average over the long term, annual losses of F$158 million (US$85 million) due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones. In the next 50 years Fiji has a 50 percent chance of experiencing a loss exceeding F$1,500 million (US$806 million). The country has a taken a proactive approach to DRFI and developed a finance manual for post-disaster budget execution. The government now has F$3 million (US$1.6 million) available in DRFI instruments to facilitate disaster response and also implemented tax concessions to encourage donations in the wake of tropical cyclone Evan. A number of options to support ongoing DRFI improvements in Fiji are presented for consideration: (a) the finance manual developed by the Ministry of Finance for post-disaster procedures should be finalized, and cabinet approval should be sought; (b) an overarching disaster risk financing and insurance strategy should be developed that includes options for risk transfer; and (c) assets should be identified in order to develop an insurance program for critical public assets.
- Published
- 2015
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.