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Monografijoje apžvelgiamos ir apibendrinamos kalinimo sąlygos, sudarančios prielaidas įkalintų asmenų socialinei integracijai. Jos empirinį pagrindą sudaro 2016 m. šios monografijos autorių atlikta Lietuvos įkalinimo įstaigose kalinčių asmenų apklausa. Monografijoje apžvelgiami ir analizuojami esminiai į integraciją orientuoto įkalinimo komponentai, tiriamas jų teisinis reglamentavimas, taikymo praktika, pateikiami anksčiau atliktų empirinių tyrimų rezultatai, remiamasi įvairiomis nacionalinėmis ir užsienio autorių publikacijomis bei atliktais tyrimais, siekiant išryškinti ir apibendrinti esmines gyvenimo įkalinimo įstaigose realybės problemas Lietuvoje. Atlikta kalinių apklausa parodė daugelyje laisvės atėmimo bausmės vykdymo sričių esantį atotrūkį tarp įstatyminių reikalavimų ir esamos realybės. Kalinių iškeltos problemos leidžia manyti, kad esamomis sąlygomis vykdomas asmenų kalinimas tik atsitiktinai gali bent kažkiek prisidėti prie asmens socialinės integracijos (resocializacijos), nes šis procesas nėra sistemiškas, individualizuotas, planingas ir nuoseklus, nėra tinkamos infrastruktūros, o nuolatinė konfrontacija su personalu ir nepasitikėjimas toliau skatina nusikalstamą elgesį. Atlikta mokslinė analizė rodo, kad Lietuvos įkalinimo sistema nuo totalitariniu požiūriu paremto kalinimo sienų kol kas nuėjo dar tik labai trumpą kelią. Būtini tolesni ir kardinalūs pokyčiai, nes ilgainiui atotrūkis nuo Europos standartus atitinkančio įkalinimo gali tik dar labiau didėti. Kartu tai būtų ženklas, kad kalinių socialinė integracija (resocializacija) vis dar yra tik etiketė represyvumui pateisinti.

Tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinus smurto artimoje aplinkoje atpažinimo, pagalbos teikimo mechanizmus, egzistuojančias tarpinstitucinio bendradarbiavimo praktikas sukurti ir pasiūlyti suinteresuotų institucijų bendradarbiavimo modelį. Tyrimas apėmė pagrindinių suinteresuotų institucijų identifikavimą, tarpusavio ryšių nustatymą, egzistuojančių bendradarbiavimo formų ir praktikų analizę., The basis of this study is the need-driven applied research “Towards the Effective Cooperation Between Police and Other Stakeholders: Model for the Identification, Support and Prevention of Domestic Violence”, which is directed toward the analysis and development of multi-agency cooperation. The research was initiated by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania as one of the topics, related to research and experimental development programmes, which is of particular interest to the State. The research was funded by a grant (No. S-REP-18-5) from the Research Council of Lithuania. The research was guided by the idea that multi-agency cooperation should be developed by applying an integrated approach to domestic violence. It would be aimed at the common objective of the stakeholders – the coordinated response – by preventing domestic violence, ensuring protection and support to the victims of violence and applying measures changing violent behaviour which can be implemented only by combining the available capacities and understanding peculiarities of mutual functions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to create and propose a model for cooperation of the stakeholders after assessment of mechanisms used for the identification of domestic violence, provision of assistance and the existing practices of the multi-agency cooperation. The research included identification of the key stakeholders, determination of their interrelationships as well as analysis of the existing forms and practices of cooperation. During the research, which was performed from April 2018 to September 2019, the 45 semi-structured interviews and 3 focused group discussions were conducted. The interviews were taken in 8 different districts of Lithuania. The following representatives of the stakeholders, responding to domestic violence and providing the assistance in case of it, have participated in the research: police officers (investigators of pre-trial investigation and patrols), specialists from the Specialised Assistance Centres, employees from the municipal child rights protection units, employees from the municipal social assistance units and representatives from other institutions of social services (budgetary and public bodies (crisis centres)), representatives from non-governmental organisations, coordinators, who were responsible for the municipal multi-agency cooperation, prosecutors, judges and representatives of the probation system. The study consists of seven chapters. The first chapter of the study describes the role of the law enforcement institutions (police officers, prosecutors and judges) participating in prevention of domestic violence. The second chapter analyses the role of the Specialised Assistance Centres. The third chapter focuses on the role of child protection institutions. The fourth chapter discusses the issues arising during the provision of social services to the victims of domestic violence. The fifth chapter scrutinises the role of institutions, implementing the programmes changing violent behaviour (probation services and men’s crisis centres). Meanwhile, the sixth chapter examines issues arising during the multi-agency cooperation process (by providing and describing the schemes and algorithms) and the last chapter provides the conclusions and gives practical recommendations. The performed research allows to draw a conclusion that the stakeholders, working with the cases of domestic violence, often lack the common approach to the violence-related problems. Since the participants of multi-agency cooperation lack understanding of how other subjects, belonging to the network preventing domestic violence and providing assistance, operate, they are not fully aware how the mechanism of the entire system of multi-agency cooperation works. All of this results in the lack of understanding how to solve issues related to the domestic violence in general. Based on the data of the performed research, it can be stated that institutions, working with the cases of domestic violence assess violence-related issues narrowly i.e. within the limits of their institution and its functions. The understanding of specialists about the domestic violence and the needs of people, who were affected by such violence, remains too narrow. The different understanding of violence and the lack of uniform perception of the problem complicate organisation of comprehensive and high-quality assistance to the victims of violence and aggravate prevention of violence. Due to the different approach to the issue of domestic violence, the multi-agency cooperation is not smooth; therefore, it results in the lack of information and feedback. The vast majority of interviewed research participants pointed out to the lack of information that is necessary for determination of operational directions and decision making, as well as limited feedback during the cooperation with other stakeholders. Taking this into account, the cooperation schemes which would allow to intensify the exchange of information and to strengthen maintenance of communications between institutions, were proposed in the research. The performed research allows to presume that the initial level of cooperation, limited to the maintenance of communication and notification of other institutions, is more typical to the cooperation of the stakeholders, working in the network of problems related to domestic violence; however, it does not turn into a teamwork or coordinated response due to the lack of feedback and common approach. Therefore, it cannot be deemed to be a coordinated multi-agency response to domestic violence. In order to achieve a common goal, it is not enough to maintain the multi-agency communication by notifying each other, but still acting on its own. The coordinated and integrated teamwork is necessary by complementing each other, which should be expressed through the common case study and coordinated decision making.

Steroid-sparing regimens have been attempted in recent years among kidney transplant recipients to avoid morbidity from long-term steroid therapy. Different protocols to withdraw steroids after transplantation and their possible benefits \harms are subject to systematic review. A cluster of adverse effect such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipdemia and diabetes are found to be associated with the use of steroid and this cluster used to define a term "Metabolic syndrome".

Research goal: Evaluate body structure and nutrition indicators of hemodialysis patients in 2016 and compare it with data collected in 2015. Tasks: 1) Compare hemodialysis patients body structure in 2015 and 2016. 2) Evaluate laboratory nutrition indicators changes of dialysis patients in 2015 and 2016. 3) Evaluate phase angle connection with bioimpedance indicators and laboratory nutrition markers. 4) Evaluate 2015 and 2016 hemodialysis patients match by Protein Energy Waste syndrome categories based on BIA and laboratory nutrition indicators. Methodology: Retrospective instant research method (sept, 2016) was being used to evaluate patients nutrition and body structure indicators. Body structure is evaluated by BIA and nutrition indicators by routine laboratory research. Collected data compared with the research results from September, 2015 of the same patients. SPSS 23.0 statistics program and Microsoft Excel (2007) both were used to accomplish this study. Percent, frequencies, averages, standard deviation and statistic reliability were calculated in this study. Differences considered reliable if margin of error was less than 0.05. Research participants: 18 years old patients with ESCKD and under dialysis for around 3 months. Rejection criteria: amputated limb, pacemaker, large metal implants (joint prosthetics) or when BIA is impossible. Conclusions: 1) In a period of one year (2015-2016) the body fat mass had increased in 9,3% of patients. The Phase angle average had increased in 72,09% of patients. None of our patients had been decreased the skeletal muscle mass during the period of one year. 2) There were no reliable differences between laboratory parameters in patients during one year period. 3) Phase angle average at lower values showed body cell mass, non-fat body mass and albumin rank averages being lower as well. 4) None of the patients had all Protein energy wasting syndrome criterias.

Kristina Dimšaitė. Relation between hydration status, survival and blood pressure control in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Objective: to estimate hydration status and blood pressure control level of patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, identify relation between overhydration, arterial hypertension and one year survival. Material and methods: Observational study enrolled 65 patients with end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). In 2014, September we collected data about blood pressure, echocardiogram, laboratory tests, hydration status, which was measured by bioimpedance electrical analysis method by extracellular and total body water ratio. Normohydration was defined as ratio of 0,39. Patients were followed up for one year. Data analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 21.0. The Student t test was used to compare the means of the continuous variables. Fisher test was used to compare the means of qualitative values, significance level p