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1. Comparison of Structural Changes in Nodding Syndrome and Other Epilepsies Associated With Onchocerca volvulus.

Author

Mazumder, Rajarshi, Lubowa, Samson, Salamon, Noriko, Jackson, Nicholas, Kawooya, Michael, Akun, Pamela, Anguzu, Ronald, Ogwang, Rodney, Kubofcik, Joseph, Nutman, Thomas, Marsh, Kevin, Newton, Charles, Vincent, Angela, and Idro, Richard

Subjects
Child, Animals, Humans, Onchocerca volvulus, Nodding Syndrome, Epilepsy, Onchocerciasis, Antibodies, Antinuclear
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nodding syndrome (NS) is a unique childhood-onset epileptic disorder that occurs predominantly in several regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The disease has been associated with Onchocerca volvulus (Ov)-induced immune responses and possible cross-reactivity with host proteins. The aim of this study was to compare structural changes in the brain on MRI between NS and other forms of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsies (OAEs) and to relate structural changes to the Ov-induced immune responses and level of disability. METHODS: Thirty-nine children with NS and 14 age-matched participants with other forms of OAE from an endemic region in Uganda underwent detailed clinical examination, serologic evaluation (including Ov-associated antibodies to Ov-16 and Hu-leiomodin-1) and quantitative volumetric analysis of brain MRIs (1.5 T scanner) using Neuroreader, a cloud-based software. RESULTS: Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy were the predominant features in both NS and OAE. On quantitative volumetric analysis, participants with NS had larger ventricular volumes compared with participants with OAE, indicative of increased global cortical atrophy (pcorr = 0.036). Among children with NS, severe disability correlated with higher degree of atrophy in the gray matter volume (pcorr = 0.009) and cerebellar volume (pcorr = 0.009). NS cases had lower anti-Ov-16 IgG signal-to-noise ratios than the OAE cases (p < 0.01), but no difference in the levels of the Hu-leiomodin-1 antibodies (p = 0.64). The levels of Ov-associated antibodies did not relate to the degree of cerebral or cerebellar atrophy in either NS or OAE cases. DISCUSSION: This is the first study to show that cerebral and cerebellar atrophy correlated with the severity of NS disability, providing an imaging marker for these endemic epileptic disorders that until now have remained poorly characterized. Both NS and OAE have cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and the levels of Ov-associated antibodies do not seem to be related to the structural changes on MRI.

Published
2023

4. Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

Author

Michael, Benedict D., Dunai, Cordelia, Needham, Edward J., Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, Williams, Robyn, Huang, Yun, Boardman, Sarah A., Clark, Jordan J., Sharma, Parul, Subramaniam, Krishanthi, Wood, Greta K., Collie, Ceryce, Digby, Richard, Ren, Alexander, Norton, Emma, Leibowitz, Maya, Ebrahimi, Soraya, Fower, Andrew, Fox, Hannah, Tato, Esteban, Ellul, Mark A., Sunderland, Geraint, Held, Marie, Hetherington, Claire, Egbe, Franklyn N., Palmos, Alish, Stirrups, Kathy, Grundmann, Alexander, Chiollaz, Anne-Cecile, Sanchez, Jean-Charles, Stewart, James P., Griffiths, Michael, Solomon, Tom, Breen, Gerome, Coles, Alasdair J., Kingston, Nathalie, Bradley, John R., Chinnery, Patrick F., Cavanagh, Jonathan, Irani, Sarosh R., Vincent, Angela, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Openshaw, Peter J., Semple, Malcolm G., Taams, Leonie S., and Menon, David K.

Published
2023
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5. Minimal manifestation status and prednisone withdrawal in the MGTX trial.

Author

Lee, Ikjae, Kuo, Hui-Chien, Aban, Inmaculada B, Cutter, Gary R, McPherson, Tarrant, Kaminski, Henry J, Sussman, Jon, Ströbel, Philipp, Oger, Joel, Cea, Gabriel, Heckmann, Jeannine M, Evoli, Amelia, Nix, Wilfred, Ciafaloni, Emma, Antonini, Giovanni, Witoonpanich, Rawiphan, King, John O, Beydoun, Said R, Chalk, Colin H, Barboi, Alexandru C, Amato, Anthony A, Shaibani, Aziz I, Katirji, Bashar, Lecky, Bryan RF, Buckley, Camilla, Vincent, Angela, Dias-Tosta, Elza, Yoshikawa, Hiroaki, Waddington-Cruz, Marcia, Pulley, Michael T, Rivner, Michael H, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Jackson, Carlayne E, Verschuuren, Jan JG, Massey, Janice M, Kissel, John T, Werneck, Lineu C, Benatar, Michael, Barohn, Richard J, Tandan, Rup, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Conwit, Robin, Minisman, Greg, Sonett, Joshua R, and Wolfe, Gil I

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune Disease, Neurosciences, Rare Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Prednisone, Rats, Single-Blind Method, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Thymectomy, Thymoma, Thymus Neoplasms, Young Adult, MGTX study group, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine whether sustained minimal manifestation status (MMS) with complete withdrawal of prednisone is better achieved in thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsThis study is a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized trial of thymectomy in MG (Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone Therapy [MGTX]). MGTX was a multicenter, randomized, rater-blinded 3-year trial that was followed by a voluntary 2-year extension for patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive MG without thymoma. Patients were randomized 1:1 to thymectomy plus prednisone vs prednisone alone. Participants were age 18-65 years at enrollment with disease duration less than 5 years. All patients received oral prednisone titrated up to 100 mg on alternate days until they achieved MMS, which prompted a standardized prednisone taper as long as MMS was maintained. The achievement rate of sustained MMS (no symptoms of MG for 6 months) with complete withdrawal of prednisone was compared between the thymectomy plus prednisone and prednisone alone groups.ResultsPatients with MG in the thymectomy plus prednisone group achieved sustained MMS with complete withdrawal of prednisone more frequently (64% vs 38%) and quickly compared to the prednisone alone group (median time 30 months vs no median time achieved, p < 0.001) over the 5-year study period. Prednisone-associated adverse symptoms were more frequent in the prednisone alone group and distress level increased with higher doses of prednisone.ConclusionsThymectomy benefits patients with MG by increasing the likelihood of achieving sustained MMS with complete withdrawal of prednisone.Clinicaltrialsgov identifierNCT00294658.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for patients with generalized MG with AChR antibody, those receiving thymectomy plus prednisone are more likely to attain sustained MMS and complete prednisone withdrawal than those on prednisone alone.

Published
2020

8. Long-term effect of thymectomy plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in patients with non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: 2-year extension of the MGTX randomised trial

Author

Wolfe, Gil I, Kaminski, Henry J, Aban, Inmaculada B, Minisman, Greg, Kuo, Hui-Chien, Marx, Alexander, Ströbel, Philipp, Mazia, Claudio, Oger, Joel, Cea, J Gabriel, Heckmann, Jeannine M, Evoli, Amelia, Nix, Wilfred, Ciafaloni, Emma, Antonini, Giovanni, Witoonpanich, Rawiphan, King, John O, Beydoun, Said R, Chalk, Colin H, Barboi, Alexandru C, Amato, Anthony A, Shaibani, Aziz I, Katirji, Bashar, Lecky, Bryan RF, Buckley, Camilla, Vincent, Angela, Dias-Tosta, Elza, Yoshikawa, Hiroaki, Waddington-Cruz, Márcia, Pulley, Michael T, Rivner, Michael H, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Jackson, Carlayne E, Verschuuren, Jan JGM, Massey, Janice M, Kissel, John T, Werneck, Lineu C, Benatar, Michael, Barohn, Richard J, Tandan, Rup, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Silvestri, Nicholas J, Conwit, Robin, Sonett, Joshua R, Jaretzki, Alfred, Newsom-Davis, John, Cutter, Gary R, Group, MGTX Study, Cutter, Gary, Aban, Inmaculada, Feese, Michelle, Wolfe, Gil, Kaminski, Henry, Sonett, Joshua, Saluto, Valeria, Rosenberg, Moises, Alvarez, Valeria, Rey, Lisa, King, John, Butzkueven, Helmut, Goldblatt, John, Carey, John, Pollard, John, Reddel, Stephen, Handel, Nicholas, McCaughan, Brian, Pallot, Linda, Novis, Ricardo, Boasquevisque, Carlos, Morato-Fernandez, Rubens, Ximenes, Manoel, Werneck, Lineu, Scola, Rosana, Soltoski, Paulo, Chalk, Colin, Moore, Fraser, Mulder, David, Wadup, Lisa, Mezei, Michele, Evans, Kenneth, Jiwa, Theresa, Schaffar, Anne, White, Chris, Toth, Cory, Gelfand, Gary, Wood, Susan, Pringle, Elizabeth, Zwicker, Jocelyn, Maziak, Donna, Shamji, Farid, and Sundaresan, Sudhir

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune Disease, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Adult, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prednisone, Thymectomy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, MGTX Study Group, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThe Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone (MGTX) showed that thymectomy combined with prednisone was superior to prednisone alone in improving clinical status as measured by the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score in patients with generalised non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis at 3 years. We investigated the long-term effects of thymectomy up to 5 years on clinical status, medication requirements, and adverse events.MethodsWe did a rater-blinded 2-year extension study at 36 centres in 15 countries for all patients who completed the randomised controlled MGTX and were willing to participate. MGTX patients were aged 18 to 65 years at enrolment, had generalised non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis of less than 5 years' duration, had acetylcholine receptor antibody titres of 1·00 nmol/L or higher (or concentrations of 0·50-0·99 nmol/L if diagnosis was confirmed by positive edrophonium or abnormal repetitive nerve stimulation, or abnormal single fibre electromyography), had Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Clinical Classification Class II-IV disease, and were on optimal anticholinesterase therapy with or without oral corticosteroids. In MGTX, patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either thymectomy plus prednisone or prednisone alone. All patients in both groups received oral prednisone at doses titrated up to 100 mg on alternate days until they achieved minimal manifestation status. The primary endpoints of the extension phase were the time-weighted means of the QMG score and alternate-day prednisone dose from month 0 to month 60. Analyses were by intention to treat. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00294658. It is closed to new participants, with follow-up completed.FindingsOf the 111 patients who completed the 3-year MGTX, 68 (61%) entered the extension study between Sept 1, 2009, and Aug 26, 2015 (33 in the prednisone alone group and 35 in the prednisone plus thymectomy group). 50 (74%) patients completed the 60-month assessment, 24 in the prednisone alone group and 26 in the prednisone plus thymectomy group. At 5 years, patients in the thymectomy plus prednisone group had significantly lower time-weighted mean QMG scores (5·47 [SD 3·87] vs 9·34 [5·08]; p=0·0007) and mean alternate-day prednisone doses (24 mg [SD 21] vs 48 mg [29]; p=0·0002) than did those in the prednisone alone group. 14 (42%) of 33 patients in the prednisone group, and 12 (34%) of 35 in the thymectomy plus prednisone group, had at least one adverse event by month 60. No treatment-related deaths were reported during the extension phase.InterpretationAt 5 years, thymectomy plus prednisone continues to confer benefits in patients with generalised non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis compared with prednisone alone. Although caution is appropriate when generalising our findings because of the small sample size of our study, they nevertheless provide further support for the benefits of thymectomy in patients with generalised non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis.FundingNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Published
2019

9. Significance of neuronal autoantibodies in comparison to infectious etiologies among patients presenting with encephalitis in a region with a high prevalence of infections

Author

Chang, Thashi, Moloney, Teresa, Jacobson, Leslie, Malavige, Neelika, Lohitharajah, Janarthani, Wanigasinghe, Jithangi, Peach, Sian, Woodhall, Mark, Berretta, Antonio, Waters, Patrick, and Vincent, Angela

Subjects
Encephalitis -- Diagnosis -- Causes of -- Distribution, Autoantibodies -- Health aspects, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Byline: Thashi. Chang, Teresa. Moloney, Leslie. Jacobson, Neelika. Malavige, Janarthani. Lohitharajah, Jithangi. Wanigasinghe, Sian. Peach, Mark. Woodhall, Antonio. Berretta, Patrick. Waters, Angela. Vincent Background: Prevalence of antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) [...]

Published
2022

11. The importance of early immunotherapy in patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures

Author

Thompson, Julia, Bi, Mian, Murchison, Andrew G, Makuch, Mateusz, Bien, Christian G, Chu, Kon, Farooque, Pue, Gelfand, Jeffrey M, Geschwind, Michael D, Hirsch, Lawrence J, Somerville, Ernest, Lang, Bethan, Vincent, Angela, Leite, Maria I, Waters, Patrick, Irani, Sarosh R, Dogan-Onugoren, Müjgan, Rae-Grant, Alexander, Illes, Zsolt, Szots, Monika, Malter, Michael, Widman, Guido, Surges, Rainer, Archibald, Neil, Reid, John, Duncan, Callum, Richardson, Anna, Lilleker, James, Iorio, Rafaelle, Blaabjerg, Morten, Abeler, Karin, and Shin, Y

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Prevention, Clinical Research, Epilepsy, Neurodegenerative, Rare Diseases, ADAM Proteins, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Antibodies, Anticonvulsants, Cognition Disorders, Disabled Persons, Female, Flow Cytometry, Follow-Up Studies, Green Fluorescent Proteins, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunotherapy, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Limbic Encephalitis, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Protein Transport, Proteins, Retrospective Studies, Seizures, Surveys and Questionnaires, Transfection, Young Adult, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1, seizures, immunotherapy, cognitive impairment, Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures Study Group, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Faciobrachial dystonic seizures and limbic encephalitis closely associate with antibodies to leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1). Here, we describe 103 consecutive patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures and LGI1 antibodies to understand clinical, therapeutic and serological differences between those with and without cognitive impairment, and to determine whether cessation of faciobrachial dystonic seizures can prevent cognitive impairment. The 22/103 patients without cognitive impairment typically had normal brain MRI, EEGs and serum sodium levels (P < 0.0001). Overall, cessation of faciobrachial dystonic seizures with antiepileptic drugs alone occurred in only 9/89 (10%) patients. By contrast, 51% showed cessation of faciobrachial dystonic seizures 30 days after addition of immunotherapy (P < 0.0001), with earlier cessation in cognitively normal patients (P = 0.038). Indeed, expedited immunotherapy (P = 0.031) and normal cognition (P = 0.0014) also predicted reduced disability at 24 months. Furthermore, of 80 patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures as their initial feature, 56% developed cognitive impairment after 90 days of active faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Whereas only one patient developed cognitive impairment after cessation of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (P < 0.0001). All patients had IgG4-LGI1 antibodies, but those with cognitive impairment had higher proportions of complement-fixing IgG1 antibodies (P = 0.03). Both subclasses caused LGI1-ADAM22 complex internalization, a potential non-inflammatory epileptogenic mechanism. In summary, faciobrachial dystonic seizures show striking time-sensitive responses to immunotherapy, and their cessation can prevent the development of cognitive impairment.awx323media15681705685001.

Published
2018

16. Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin

Author

Pollak, Thomas A, Lennox, Belinda R, Müller, Sabine, Benros, Michael E, Prüss, Harald, Tebartz van Elst, Ludger, Klein, Hans, Steiner, Johann, Frodl, Thomas, Bogerts, Bernhard, Tian, Li, Groc, Laurent, Hasan, Alkomiet, Baune, Bernhard T, Endres, Dominique, Haroon, Ebrahim, Yolken, Robert, Benedetti, Francesco, Halaris, Angelos, Meyer, Jeffrey H, Stassen, Hans, Leboyer, Marion, Fuchs, Dietmar, Otto, Markus, Brown, David A, Vincent, Angela, Najjar, Souhel, and Bechter, Karl

Published
2020
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17. Post-COVID cognitive deficits at one year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and grey matter volume reduction: national prospective study

Author

Michael, Benedict, primary, Wood, Greta, additional, Sargent, Brendan, additional, Ahmad, Zain-Ul-Abideen, additional, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharamini, additional, Dunai, Cordelia, additional, Egbe, Franklyn, additional, Martin, Naomi, additional, Facer, Bethany, additional, Pendered, Sophie, additional, Rogers, Henry, additional, Hübel, Christopher, additional, Wamelen, Daniel van, additional, Bethlehem, Richard, additional, Giunchiglia, Valentina, additional, Hellyer, Peter, additional, Trender, William, additional, Kalsi, Gursharan, additional, Needham, Edward, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Jackson, Thomas, additional, Cunningham, Colm, additional, Upthegrove, Rachel, additional, Pollak, Thomas, additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Pett, Sarah, additional, Shaw, Pamela, additional, Wood, Nicholas, additional, Harrison, Neil, additional, Miller, Karla, additional, Jezzard, Peter, additional, Williams, Guy, additional, Duff, Eugene, additional, Williams, Steven, additional, Zelaya, Fernando, additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Keller, Simon, additional, Broome, Matthew, additional, Kingston, Nathalie, additional, Husain, Masud, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Bradley, John, additional, Chinnery, Patrick, additional, Menon, David, additional, Aggleton, John, additional, Nicholson, Timothy, additional, Taylor, John-Paul, additional, David, Anthony, additional, Carson, Alan, additional, Bullmore, Edward, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Hampshire, Adam, additional, Paddick, Stella-Maria, additional, corsortium, COVID-CNS, additional, and Leek, Charles, additional

Published
2024
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18. Randomized Trial of Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis

Author

Wolfe, Gil I, Kaminski, Henry J, Aban, Inmaculada B, Minisman, Greg, Kuo, Hui-Chien, Marx, Alexander, Ströbel, Philipp, Mazia, Claudio, Oger, Joel, Cea, J Gabriel, Heckmann, Jeannine M, Evoli, Amelia, Nix, Wilfred, Ciafaloni, Emma, Antonini, Giovanni, Witoonpanich, Rawiphan, King, John O, Beydoun, Said R, Chalk, Colin H, Barboi, Alexandru C, Amato, Anthony A, Shaibani, Aziz I, Katirji, Bashar, Lecky, Bryan RF, Buckley, Camilla, Vincent, Angela, Dias-Tosta, Elza, Yoshikawa, Hiroaki, Waddington-Cruz, Márcia, Pulley, Michael T, Rivner, Michael H, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Jackson, Carlayne E, Garcia Ramos, Guillermo S, Verschuuren, Jan JGM, Massey, Janice M, Kissel, John T, Werneck, Lineu C, Benatar, Michael, Barohn, Richard J, Tandan, Rup, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Conwit, Robin, Odenkirchen, Joanne, Sonett, Joshua R, Jaretzki, Alfred, Newsom-Davis, John, and Cutter, Gary R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Myasthenia Gravis, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Neurosciences, Autoimmune Disease, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Glucocorticoids, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prednisone, Severity of Illness Index, Single-Blind Method, Thymectomy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, MGTX Study Group, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThymectomy has been a mainstay in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, but there is no conclusive evidence of its benefit. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial comparing thymectomy plus prednisone with prednisone alone.MethodsWe compared extended transsternal thymectomy plus alternate-day prednisone with alternate-day prednisone alone. Patients 18 to 65 years of age who had generalized nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis with a disease duration of less than 5 years were included if they had Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America clinical class II to IV disease (on a scale from I to V, with higher classes indicating more severe disease) and elevated circulating concentrations of acetylcholine-receptor antibody. The primary outcomes were the time-weighted average Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (on a scale from 0 to 39, with higher scores indicating more severe disease) over a 3-year period, as assessed by means of blinded rating, and the time-weighted average required dose of prednisone over a 3-year period.ResultsA total of 126 patients underwent randomization between 2006 and 2012 at 36 sites. Patients who underwent thymectomy had a lower time-weighted average Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score over a 3-year period than those who received prednisone alone (6.15 vs. 8.99, P

Published
2016

19. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis

Author

Graus, Francesc, Titulaer, Maarten J, Balu, Ramani, Benseler, Susanne, Bien, Christian G, Cellucci, Tania, Cortese, Irene, Dale, Russell C, Gelfand, Jeffrey M, Geschwind, Michael, Glaser, Carol A, Honnorat, Jerome, Höftberger, Romana, Iizuka, Takahiro, Irani, Sarosh R, Lancaster, Eric, Leypoldt, Frank, Prüss, Harald, Rae-Grant, Alexander, Reindl, Markus, Rosenfeld, Myrna R, Rostásy, Kevin, Saiz, Albert, Venkatesan, Arun, Vincent, Angela, Wandinger, Klaus-Peter, Waters, Patrick, and Dalmau, Josep

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunization, Prevention, Clinical Research, Autoimmune Disease, Brain Disorders, Vaccine Related, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Metabolic and endocrine, Inflammatory and immune system, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Encephalitis, Humans, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Encephalitis is a severe inflammatory disorder of the brain with many possible causes and a complex differential diagnosis. Advances in autoimmune encephalitis research in the past 10 years have led to the identification of new syndromes and biomarkers that have transformed the diagnostic approach to these disorders. However, existing criteria for autoimmune encephalitis are too reliant on antibody testing and response to immunotherapy, which might delay the diagnosis. We reviewed the literature and gathered the experience of a team of experts with the aims of developing a practical, syndrome-based diagnostic approach to autoimmune encephalitis and providing guidelines to navigate through the differential diagnosis. Because autoantibody test results and response to therapy are not available at disease onset, we based the initial diagnostic approach on neurological assessment and conventional tests that are accessible to most clinicians. Through logical differential diagnosis, levels of evidence for autoimmune encephalitis (possible, probable, or definite) are achieved, which can lead to prompt immunotherapy.

Published
2016

22. Multimodal electrophysiological analyses reveal that reduced synaptic excitatory neurotransmission underlies seizures in a model of NMDAR antibody-mediated encephalitis

Author

Wright, Sukhvir K., Rosch, Richard E., Wilson, Max A., Upadhya, Manoj A., Dhangar, Divya R., Clarke-Bland, Charlie, Wahid, Tamara T., Barman, Sumanta, Goebels, Norbert, Kreye, Jakob, Prüss, Harald, Jacobson, Leslie, Bassett, Danielle S., Vincent, Angela, Greenhill, Stuart D., and Woodhall, Gavin L.

Published
2021
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23. The clinical profile of NMOSD in Australia and New Zealand

Author

Bukhari, Wajih, Clarke, Laura, O’Gorman, Cullen, Khalilidehkordi, Elham, Arnett, Simon, Prain, Kerri M., Woodhall, Mark, Silvestrini, Roger, Bundell, Christine S., Ramanathan, Sudarshini, Abernethy, David, Bhuta, Sandeep, Blum, Stefan, Boggild, Mike, Boundy, Karyn, Brew, Bruce J., Brownlee, Wallace, Butzkueven, Helmut, Carroll, William M., Chen, Celia, Coulthard, Alan, Dale, Russell C., Das, Chandi, Dear, Keith, Fabis-Pedrini, Marzena J., Fulcher, David, Gillis, David, Hawke, Simon, Heard, Robert, Henderson, Andrew P. D., Heshmat, Saman, Hodgkinson, Suzanne, Jimenez-Sanchez, Sofia, Kilpatrick, Trevor J., King, John, Kneebone, Chris, Kornberg, Andrew J., Lechner-Scott, Jeannette, Lin, Ming-Wei, Lynch, Christopher, Macdonnell, Richard A. L., Mason, Deborah F., McCombe, Pamela A., Pereira, Jennifer, Pollard, John D., Reddel, Stephen W., Shaw, Cameron, Spies, Judith, Stankovich, James, Sutton, Ian, Vucic, Steve, Walsh, Michael, Wong, Richard C., Yiu, Eppie M., Barnett, Michael H., Kermode, Allan G., Marriott, Mark P., Parratt, John, Slee, Mark, Taylor, Bruce V., Willoughby, Ernest, Wilson, Robert J., Brilot, Fabienne, Vincent, Angela, Waters, Patrick, and Broadley, Simon A.

Published
2020
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25. Acquired Neuromyotonia

Author

Cetin, Hakan, Vincent, Angela, Tarsy, Daniel, Series Editor, Kaminski, Henry J., editor, and Kusner, Linda L., editor

Published
2018
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26. Collaborating with Teachers to Create Peer Observations as a Means of Effective Professional Development

Author

Vincent, Angela K.

Abstract

This phenomenological, action research study engaged a sample of teachers from a large middle school in northern South Carolina in developing a protocol and recommendations for the use of peer observations that would provide meaningful professional development for teachers at this school. Data collection methods consisted of interviews, focus groups and trial observations. The study addressed two key research questions, what factors do the teachers see as important when completing a peer observation, and do they perceive the peer observation method as meaningful professional development that promotes teacher growth. The findings confirmed that, among this sample of teachers, peer observation is seen as an effective form of professional development which can be beneficial to both the observer and the observed teacher. The participants stressed, however, that this is only likely to be the case if peer observation is implemented as a professional development tool and not as a teacher evaluation method, and with adequate time made available for participation in the observations and follow up work. Recommendations and a proposed plan of action for the development and implementation of a peer observation tool at this school are set out. The study also contributes to the wider educational literature by demonstrating the effectiveness of this methodological approach for conducting research into peer observation as teacher professional development in the middle school setting, and by highlighting the relevance of adult learning theory to this area of research. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2018

28. Long-term effect of thymectomy plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in patients with non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: 2-year extension of the MGTX randomised trial

Author

Cutter, Gary, Aban, Inmaculada, Minisman, Greg, Feese, Michelle, Kuo, Hui-Chien, Newsom-Davis, John, Wolfe, Gil, Kaminski, Henry, Jaretzki, Alfred, Sonett, Joshua, Mazia, Claudio, Saluto, Valeria, Rosenberg, Moises, Alvarez, Valeria, Rey, Lisa, King, John, Butzkueven, Helmut, Goldblatt, John, Carey, John, Pollard, John, Reddel, Stephen, Handel, Nicholas, McCaughan, Brian, Pallot, Linda, Waddington-Cruz, Márcia, Novis, Ricardo, Boasquevisque, Carlos, Dias-Tosta, Elza, Morato-Fernandez, Rubens, Ximenes, Manoel, Werneck, Lineu, Scola, Rosana, Soltoski, Paulo, Chalk, Colin, Moore, Fraser, Mulder, David, Wadup, Lisa, Oger, Joel, Mezei, Michele, Evans, Kenneth, Jiwa, Theresa, Schaffar, Anne, White, Chris, Toth, Cory, Gelfand, Gary, Wood, Susan, Pringle, Elizabeth, Zwicker, Jocelyn, Maziak, Donna, Shamji, Farid, Sundaresan, Sudhir, Seely, Andrew, Cea, Gabriel, Verduga, Renato, Aguayo, Alberto, Jander, Sebastian, Zickler, Philipp, Klein, Michael, Marx, Alexander, Ströbel, Philipp, Weis, Cleo-Aron, Melms, Arthur, Bischof, Felix, Aebert, Hermann, Ziemer, Gerhard, Nix, Wilfred, Thümler, Björn, Wilhem-Schwenkmezger, Thomas, Mayer, Eckhard, Schalke, Berthold, Pöschel, Peter, Hieber, Gisela, Wiebe, Karsten, Antonini, Giovanni, Clemenzi, Alessandro, Ceschin, Vanessa, Rendina, Erino, Venuta, Federico, Morino, Stefania, Bucci, Elisabetta, Durelli, Luca, Tavella, Alessia, Clerico, Marinella, Contessa, Giulia, Borasio, Piero, Evoli, Amelia, Servidei, Serenella, Granone, Pierluigi, Mantegazza, Renato, Berta, Emilia, Novellino, Lorenzo, Spinelli, Luisa, Motomura, Masakatsu, Matsuo, Hidenori, Nagayasu, Takeshi, Yoshikawa, Hiroaki, Takamori, Masaharu, Oda, Makoto, Matsumoto, Isao, Furukawa, Yutaka, Noto, Daisuke, Motozaki, Yuko, Iwasa, Kazuo, Yanase, Daisuke, Garcia Ramos, Guillermo, Cacho, Bernardo, de la Garza, Lorenzo, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anne, Lipowska, Marta, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Potulska-Chromik, Anna, Orlowski, Tadeusz, Silva, Ana, Feijo, Marta, Freitas, António, Heckmann, Jeannine, Frost, Andrew, Pan, Edward, Tucker, Lawrence, Rossouw, Johan, Drummond, Fiona, Illa, Isabel, Diaz, Jorge, Leon, Carlos, Yeh, Jiann-Horng, Chiu, Hou-Chang, Hsieh, Yei-San, Witoonpanich, Rawiphan, Tunlayadechanont, Supoch, Attanavanich, Sukasom, Verschuuren, Jan, Straathof, Chiara, Titulaer, Maarten, Versteegh, Michel, Pels, Arda, Krum, Yvonne, Buckley, Camilla, Leite, M. Isabel, Vincent, Angela, Hilton-Jones, David, Ratnatunga, Chandi, Farrugia, Maria, Petty, Richard, Overell, James, Kirk, Alan, Gibson, Andrew, McDermott, Chris, Hopkinson, David, Lecky, Bryan, Watling, David, Marshall, Dot, Saminaden, Sam, Davies, Deborah, Dougan, Charlotte, Sathasivam, Siva, Page, Richard, Sussman, Jon, Ealing, John, Krysiak, Peter, Amato, Anthony, Salajegheh, Mohammad, Jaklitsch, Michael, Roe, Kristen, Ashizawa, Tetsuo, Smith, Robert Glenn, Zwischenberg, Joseph, Stanton, Penny, Barboi, Alexandru, Jaradeh, Safwan, Tisol, William, Gasparri, Mario, Haasler, George, Yellick, Mary, Dennis, Cedric, Barohn, Richard, Pasnoor, Mamatha, Dimachkie, Mazen, McVey, April, Gronseth, Gary, Dick, Arthur, Kramer, Jeffrey, Currence, Melissa, Herbelin, Laura, Belsh, Jerry, Li, George, Langenfeld, John, Mertz, Mary Ann, Benatar, Michael, Harrison, Taylor, Force, Seth, Usher, Sharon, Beydoun, Said, Lin, Frank, DeMeester, Steve, Akhter, Salem, Malekniazi, Ali, Avenido, Gina, Crum, Brian, Milone, Margherita, Cassivi, Stephen, Fisher, Janet, Ciafaloni, Emma, Heatwole, Chad, Watson, Thomas, Hilbert, James, Smirnow, Alexis, Distad, B. Jane, Weiss, Michael, Wood, Douglas, Haug, Joanna, Ernstoff, Raina, Cao, Jingyang, Chmielewski, Gary, Welsh, Robert, Duris, Robin, Gutmann, Laurie, Pawar, Gauri, Graeber, Geoffrey Marc, Altemus, Patricia, Nance, Christopher, Gutmann, Ludwig, Jackson, Carlayne, Grogan, Patrick, Calhoon, John, Kittrell, Pamela, Myers, Deborah, Hayat, Ghazala, Naunheim, Keith, Eller, Susan, Holzemer, Eve, Katirji, Bashar, Alshekhlee, Amer, Robke, Jason, Karlinchak, Brenda, Katz, Jonathan, Miller, Robert, Roan, Ralph, Forshew, Dallas, Kissel, John, Elsheikh, Bakri, Ross, Patrick, Chelnick, Sharon, Lewis, Richard, Acsadi, Agnes, Baciewicz, Frank, Masse, Stacey, Massey, Janice, Juel, Vern, Onaitis, Mark, Lowe, James, Lipscomb, Bernadette, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Thai, Gaby, Milliken, Jeffrey, Martin, Veronica, Karayan, Ronnie, Muley, Suraj, Parry, Gareth, Shumway, Sara, Oh, Shin, Claussen, Gwen, Lu, Liang, Cerfolio, Robert, Young, Angela, Morgan, Marla, Pascuzzi, Robert, Kincaid, John, Kesler, Kenneth, Guingrich, Sandy, Michaels, Angi, Phillips, Lawrence, Burns, Ted, Jones, David, Fischer, Cindy, Pulley, Michael, Berger, Alan, D'Agostino, Harry, Smith, Lisa, Rivner, Michael, Pruitt, Jerry, Landolfo, Kevin, Hillman, Demetric, Shaibani, Aziz, Sermas, Angelo, Ruel, Ross, Ismail, Farah, Sivak, Mark, Goldstein, Martin, Camunas, Jorge, Bratton, Joan, Tandan, Rup, Panitch, Hill, Leavitt, Bruce, Jones, Marilee, Muppidi, Srikanth, Vernino, Steven, Nations, Sharon, Meyer, Dan, Gorham, Nina, Wolfe, Gil I, Kaminski, Henry J, Aban, Inmaculada B, Cea, J Gabriel, Heckmann, Jeannine M, King, John O, Beydoun, Said R, Chalk, Colin H, Barboi, Alexandru C, Amato, Anthony A, Shaibani, Aziz I, Lecky, Bryan R F, Pulley, Michael T, Rivner, Michael H, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Jackson, Carlayne E, Verschuuren, Jan J G M, Massey, Janice M, Kissel, John T, Werneck, Lineu C, Barohn, Richard J, Silvestri, Nicholas J, Conwit, Robin, Sonett, Joshua R, Jaretzki, Alfred, III, and Cutter, Gary R

Published
2019
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30. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in childhood encephalitis (IgNiTE): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Hill, Matilda, primary, Iro, Mildred, additional, Sadarangani, Manish, additional, Absoud, Michael, additional, Cantrell, Liberty, additional, Chong, Kling, additional, Clark, Christopher, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Gray, Victoria, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, Lim, Ming, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Pike, Michael, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Willis, Louise, additional, Yu, Ly-Mee, additional, and Pollard, Andrew J, additional

Published
2023
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35. List of Contributors

Author

Abramson, Jakub, primary, Ahmed, S. Sohail, additional, Alba, Marco A., additional, Ali, Youssif M., additional, Ambrus, Julian L., additional, Andersson Svärd, Agnes, additional, Aringer, Martin, additional, Assassi, Shervin, additional, Aung, Thanda, additional, Ayzenberg, Ilya, additional, Barker, Robert N., additional, Baxter, Alan G., additional, Betterle, Corrado, additional, Birlea, Stanca A., additional, Björkström, Niklas K., additional, Blair, Paul A., additional, Blüml, Stephan, additional, Bosch, Xavier, additional, Brodsky, Robert A., additional, Bryceson, Yenan T., additional, Burkett, Patrick R., additional, Bussel, James B., additional, Caricchio, Roberto, additional, Casciola-Rosen, Livia, additional, Caturegli, Patrizio, additional, Chaigne-Delalande, Benjamin, additional, Chalan, Paulina, additional, Chatenoud, Lucienne, additional, Cohen, Philip L., additional, Cooper, Megan A., additional, Coppieters, Ken, additional, Crystal, Ronald G., additional, Culton, Donna A., additional, Damato, Valentina, additional, Davidson, Anne, additional, Delfino, Lorenzo, additional, Delves, Peter J., additional, Di Dalmazi, Giulia, additional, Diamond, Betty, additional, Diaz, Luis A., additional, Falk, Ronald J., additional, Fritzler, Marvin J., additional, Gallucci, Stefania, additional, Gangaputra, Sapna, additional, Gelbman, Brian, additional, Gershwin, M. Eric, additional, Gery, Igal, additional, Getts, Daniel R., additional, Gold, Ralf, additional, Goldfarb, Yael, additional, Gong, Jing, additional, Gordon, Siamon, additional, Goronzy, Jörg J., additional, Greer, Judith M., additional, Guazzone, Vanesa A., additional, Guilherme, Luiza, additional, Hafler, David A., additional, Hahn, Bevra H., additional, Hamad, Abdel Rahim A., additional, Hamano, Hideaki, additional, Harrison, Leonard C., additional, Homann, Dirk, additional, Husebye, Eystein S., additional, Jennette, J. Charles, additional, Jones, Richard J., additional, Jordan, Margaret A., additional, Kalil, Jorge, additional, Kawa, Shigeyuki, additional, Kaya, Ziya, additional, Keller, Christian W., additional, King, Nicholas J.C., additional, Kitcharoensakkul, Maleewan, additional, Kiyosawa, Kendo, additional, Königs, Christoph, additional, Kronenberg, Mitchell, additional, Kuchroo, Vijay K., additional, Laurence, Arian, additional, Lee, Eun-Ju, additional, Lehmann, Helmar C., additional, Lernmark, Åke, additional, Lindbladh, Ida, additional, Liu, Zhi, additional, Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf, additional, Lunardi, Claudio, additional, Lundin, Knut E.A., additional, Lünemann, Jan D., additional, Lunn, Michael P.T., additional, Lustig, Livia, additional, Mackay, Charles R., additional, Mackay, Ian R., additional, Malattia, Clara, additional, Martinez-Pomares, Luisa, additional, Martini, Alberto, additional, Mauri, Claudia, additional, McCombe, Pamela A., additional, Melchers, Fritz, additional, Mieli-Vergani, Giorgina, additional, Miller, Frederick W., additional, Miller, Stephen D., additional, Mizui, Masayuki, additional, Mjösberg, Jenny, additional, Münz, Christian, additional, Nijjar, Jagtar Singh, additional, Norris, David A., additional, Oleinika, Kristine, additional, Oppenheim, Joost J., additional, Pawlak, Mathias, additional, Peligero-Cruz, Cristina, additional, Peters, Anneli, additional, Peterson, Pärt, additional, Pitarokoili, Kalliopi, additional, Presotto, Fabio, additional, Puccetti, Antonio, additional, Rabb, Hamid, additional, Raczek, Patricia, additional, Rahman, M. Jubayer, additional, Ramos-Casals, Manuel, additional, Rose, Noel R., additional, Rosen, Antony, additional, Sadasivam, Mohanraj, additional, Schiffenbauer, Adam, additional, Schwaeble, Wilhelm J., additional, Sen, H. Nida, additional, Serota, Marc, additional, Sheikh, Kazim A., additional, Shoenfeld, Yehuda, additional, Shovman, Ora, additional, Sieper, Joachim, additional, Silverstein, Arthur M., additional, Sim, Robert B., additional, Smith, Kenneth G C, additional, Smolen, Josef S., additional, Sollid, Ludvig M., additional, Spiteri, Alanna, additional, Steinman, Lawrence, additional, Stone, John H., additional, Syrbe, Uta, additional, Tamhaney, Ami, additional, Tanaka, Atsushi, additional, Taneja, Veena, additional, Tarbell, Kristin V., additional, Tinazzi, Elisa, additional, Tiong, Benedict K., additional, Toh, Ban-Hock, additional, Tsokos, George C., additional, Tung, Kenneth S.K., additional, Varga, John, additional, Vergani, Diego, additional, Vickers, Mark A., additional, Viegas, Stuart, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, von Herrath, Matthias, additional, Weetman, Anthony P., additional, Weinstock, Joel V., additional, Wentworth, John M., additional, Wesley, Sarah, additional, Weyand, Cornelia M., additional, Wingender, Gerhard, additional, Winter, Michael W., additional, Zanchetta, Renato, additional, and Zouali, Moncef, additional

Published
2020
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37. Neuronal antibody prevalence in children with seizures < 3 years: a prospective national cohort

Author

Symonds, Joseph D., Moloney, Teresa C., Lang, Bethan, McLellan, Ailsa, O’Regan, Mary E., MacLeod, Stewart, Jollands, Alice, Vincent, Angela, Kirkpatrick, Martin, Brunklaus, Andreas, Shetty, Jayakara, Dorris, Liam, Forbes, Kirsten, Abu-Arafeh, Ishaq, Andrew, Jamie, Brink, Philip, Callaghan, Mary, Cruden, Jamie, Findlay, Christine, Grattan, Rosemary, MacDonnell, Jane, McKnight, Jean, Morrison, Calum A., Nairn, Lesley, Pilley, Elizabeth, Stephen, Elma, Thomsen, Selina, Webb, Alan, Wilson, Margaret, and Zuberi, Sameer M.

Published
2020
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43. The emerging spectrum of foetal acetylcholine receptor antibody-associated disorders (FARAD)

Author

Allen, Nicholas M, primary, O’Rahelly, Mark, additional, Eymard, Bruno, additional, Chouchane, Mondher, additional, Hahn, Andreas, additional, Kearns, Gerry, additional, Kim, Dae-Seong, additional, Byun, Shin Yun, additional, Nguyen, Cam-Tu Emilie, additional, Schara-Schmidt, Ulrike, additional, Kölbel, Heike, additional, Della Marina, Adela, additional, Schneider-Gold, Christiane, additional, Roefke, Kathryn, additional, Thieme, Andrea, additional, Van den Bergh, Peter, additional, Avalos, Gloria, additional, Álvarez-Velasco, Rodrigo, additional, Natera-de Benito, Daniel, additional, Cheng, Man Hin Mark, additional, Chan, Wing Ki, additional, Wan, Hoi Shan, additional, Thomas, Mary Ann, additional, Borch, Lauren, additional, Lauzon, Julie, additional, Kornblum, Cornelia, additional, Reimann, Jens, additional, Mueller, Andreas, additional, Kuntzer, Thierry, additional, Norwood, Fiona, additional, Ramdas, Sithara, additional, Jacobson, Leslie W, additional, Jie, Xiaobo, additional, Fernandez-Garcia, Miguel A, additional, Wraige, Elizabeth, additional, Lim, Ming, additional, Lin, Jean Pierre, additional, Claeys, Kristl G, additional, Aktas, Selma, additional, Oskoui, Maryam, additional, Hacohen, Yael, additional, Masud, Ameneh, additional, Leite, M Isabel, additional, Palace, Jacqueline, additional, De Vivo, Darryl, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, and Jungbluth, Heinz, additional

Published
2023
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44. Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

Author

Michael, Benedict D., primary, Dunai, Cordelia, additional, Needham, Edward J., additional, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, additional, Williams, Robyn, additional, Huang, Yun, additional, Boardman, Sarah A., additional, Clark, Jordan, additional, Sharma, Parul, additional, Subramaniam, Krishanthi, additional, Wood, Greta K., additional, Collie, Ceryce, additional, Digby, Richard, additional, Ren, Alexander, additional, Norton, Emma, additional, Leibowitz, Maya, additional, Ebrahimi, Soraya, additional, Fower, Andrew, additional, Fox, Hannah, additional, Tato, Esteban, additional, Ellul, Mark, additional, Sunderland, Geraint, additional, Held, Marie, additional, Hetherington, Claire, additional, Nkongho, Franklyn, additional, Palmos, Alish, additional, Grundmann, Alexander, additional, Stewart, James P., additional, Griffiths, Michael, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Coles, Alasdair, additional, Cavanagh, Jonathan, additional, Irani, Sarosh R., additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Taams, Leonie, additional, and Menon, David K., additional

Published
2023
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45. Neuroimaging in encephalitis: analysis of imaging findings and interobserver agreement

Author

Ambrose, Helen E., Clewley, Jonathan P., Walsh, Amanda L., Morgan, Dilys, Cunningham, Richard, Zuckerman, Mark, Mutton, Kenneth J., Ward, Katherine N., Lunn, Michael P.T., Irani, Sarosh R., Vincent, Angela, Ford, Craig, Rothwell, Emily, Tong, William, Lin, Jean-Pierre, Ahmed, Javeed, Cubitt, David, Hemingway, Cheryl, Muir, David, Lyall, Hermione, Thompson, Ed, Keir, Geoff, Worthington, Viki, Griffiths, Paul, Bennett, Susan, Kneen, Rachel, Klapper, Paul, Granerod, J., Davies, N.W.S., Mukonoweshuro, W., Mehta, A., Das, K., Lim, M., Solomon, T., Biswas, S., Rosella, L., Brown, D.W.G., and Crowcroft, N.S.

Published
2016
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50. Doxycycline for the Treatment of Nodding Syndrome: A Phase II, Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial

Author

Idro, Richard, primary, Ogwang, Rodney, additional, Anguzu, Ronald, additional, Akun, Pamela, additional, Ningwa, Albert, additional, Abbo, Cathy, additional, Giannoccaro, Maria Pia, additional, Kubofcik, Joseph, additional, Mwaka, Amos Deogratias, additional, Nakamya, Pheliister, additional, Opar, Bernard, additional, Taylor, Mark, additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, Eliott, Alison, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Netwon, Charles, additional, and Marsh, Kevin, additional

Published
2023
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