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This paper presents a linear analysis of elastic Rayleigh–Taylor instability at both cylindrical column and cylindrical shell interfaces. By considering the rotational part of the disturbance flow field, an exact solution is derived, revealing that the most unstable mode is two-dimensional in the cross section. As the column radius decreases, the maximum growth rate increases, while the corresponding azimuthal wave number decreases incrementally until it reaches 1. Thinning the cylindrical shell is found to be a destabilizing effect, leading to an increase in both the cutoff wave number and the most unstable azimuthal wave number. The maximum growth rate usually increases as the shell becomes thinner, except in cases with small radii where feedthrough effects occur. For thin shells with small radii, the cutoff axial wave number is determined by the radius rather than the shell thickness. Comparisons between the growth rates derived from the potential flow theory and the exact solution show significant discrepancies in cylindrical shells, mainly due to substantial deviations in the cutoff wave number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a critical role in cancer initiation and progression, and thus may mediate oncogenic or tumor suppressing effects, as well as be a new class of cancer therapeutic targets. We performed high-throughput sequencing of RNA (RNA-seq) to investigate the expression level of lncRNAs and protein-coding genes in 30 esophageal samples, comprised of 15 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples and their 15 paired non-tumor tissues. We further developed an integrative bioinformatics method, denoted URW-LPE, to identify key functional lncRNAs that regulate expression of downstream protein-coding genes in ESCC. A number of known onco-lncRNA and many putative novel ones were effectively identified by URW-LPE. Importantly, we identified lncRNA625 as a novel regulator of ESCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. ESCC patients with high lncRNA625 expression had significantly shorter survival time than those with low expression. LncRNA625 also showed specific prognostic value for patients with metastatic ESCC. Finally, we identified E1A-binding protein p300 (EP300) as a downstream executor of lncRNA625-induced transcriptional responses. These findings establish a catalog of novel cancer-associated functional lncRNAs, which will promote our understanding of lncRNA-mediated regulation in this malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are prevalent diseases worldwide. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD and HCC and identify new therapeutic targets for human cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NAFLD and HCC gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to identify co-expressed genes associated with NAFLD and HCC. Public databases were consulted to find common targets of NAFLD and HCC. Enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT techniques were employed to analyze the pathways enriched with DEGs and the attributes of infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, the expression data of UROC1 and clinical information of patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Finally, the expression of the UROC1 was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, eight hub genes (CCL2, CCR2, IL6, CSF3R, ATL2, SESN3, UROC1, FIGNL1) were identified. Enrichment analysis indicated that in- flammatory and immune response may be common features between NAFLD and HCC. CIBERSORT analysis revealed an imbalance of plasma cells and macrophages in NAFLD and HCC. Pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that UROC1 expression was related to clinical outcomes and tumor immunity in various cancers. Moreover, a strong correlation was exhibited between UROC1 expression and crucial elements, including tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), multiple immune checkpoints (ICP), and tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, an adverse clinical prognosis of HCC was linked to decreased UROC1 expression, which was consistent with IHC results. CONCLUSIONS: We identified eight hub genes (CCL2, CCR2, IL6, CSF3R, ATL2, SESN3, UROC1, FIGNL1), which may become early diagnostic and therapeutic targets for NAFLD and HCC. The pan-cancer analysis of UROC1 provides new evidence for its broad application prospects in the field of HCC and other cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropospheric ozone significantly damages vegetation and reduces net primary productivity (NPP). We developed a stable linear NPP response model based on accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (ppb) (AOT40). We then estimated the effects of regional ozone damage on NPP for different vegetation types. The study suggests an average decrease in NPP of 24.7% due to ozone pollution in the North China Plain, similar to previous estimates ranging from 10.1% to 24.7%, with a maximum reduction exceeding 200 [g C m‐2 yr‐1] and more than 50%. Vegetation types such as broadleaf forests, needleleaf forest, crops, and grasses showed significant NPP decreases of 47.1%, 37.8%, 36.7%, and 44.6%, respectively. Declining NPP also had negative impacts on several Chinese crop species. Our work highlights the need for urgent and effective action to mitigate ozone pollution's substantial detrimental effects on ecosystem health and productivity. Plain Language Summary: Ozone pollution led to an average 25% decrease in net primary productivity in the North China Plain. This decline is consistent with previous estimates that ranged from 10% to 25%. Productivity of forest trees, crops, and grasses declined significantly, ranging from 36.7% to 47.1%. These results have implications for Chinese crops, as lower crop productivity can negatively affect crop yields. Our study highlights the urgent need for action to mitigate the detrimental effects of ozone pollution on ecosystem health and productivity. Key Points: We developed a stable model to estimate ozone impact on the productivity of plants'Ozone pollution resulted in an average decline in productivity of 25% per year in all ecosystem types in the North China Plain regionOzone pollution led to net primary productivity declines in forest, crops, and grasses, with reductions ranging from 36.7% to 47.1% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Insomnia disorder (ID) is a persistent difficulty sleeping, often accompanied by anxiety and depression, which seriously reduces a person’s quality of life. Dietary changes in insomnia patients have been a concern. To explore the rationality of diet in patients with ID and its correlation with insomnia in ID patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 216 patients diagnosed with ID and 197 individuals as the healthy control (HC) group who attended the neurology outpatient clinic or sleep clinic at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between September 2018 and November 2019. Through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), sleep and mental conditions were assessed in the ID and HC groups. The dietary intake structure of both groups was observed using the food frequency table. Meanwhile, the relationship between dietary intake and sleep quality was analyzed based on the logistics regression. RESULTS: Individuals in the ID group had significantly higher age, weight, and body mass index compared to the HC group (p<0.01). Individuals within the ID category demonstrated a heightened daily consumption of carbohydrates, grains, tubers, and legumes relative to the healthy control group. In contrast, the intake levels of vegetables, fruits, and nuts were diminished compared to the HC group, with this difference being statistically significant (p<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between the daily consumption of grains, tubers, and legumes and PSQI scores. Conversely, a negative association was found between daily consumption of vegetables and fruits. CONCLUSIONS: ID patients exhibit an elevated intake of carbohydrates, whereas the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and nuts is deficient in comparison to the healthy cohort, implying that a distorted dietary structure might be a contributing factor to ID onset. Sensible and scientific dietary guidance is of considerable significance in preventing the onset of ID and facilitating its management. However, the derived conclusions warrant further extensive research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between high-resolution CT (HRCT) signs and serum tumor markers, to improve the diagnostic level and identify different pathological types of lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 102 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected as the observation group. HRCT scan and serum tumor markers [cancer antigen 125 (CA125), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)] were performed to analyze the correlation. RESULTS: Among the 102 cases of lung cancer, 88 cases were of lobulation sign, 78 cases of speculation sign, 45 cases of pleural indentation sign, 35 cases of vessel tracking sign, and 34 cases of vacuole sign. CA125 had the highest concentration in lung adenocarcinoma (55.74±14.18) ng/ml, and SCCA had the highest concentration in lung squamous cell carcinoma (18.98±6.37) ng/ml. The concentration of NSE in small cell lung cancer was the highest (48.12±16.19) ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Pleural indentation sign and vacuole sign were more likely to happen in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The significant increase of CA125, SCCA, and NSE concentrations suggested that lung cancer patients were more likely to suffer from lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and CRP to albumin (Alb) ratio in the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of sepsis in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 children, 50 with sepsis and 40 with general infection, whose symptoms did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of sepsis, were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Jingzhou Central Hospital in Hubei Province between November 2021 and December 2022, were enrolled and selected as experimental and control group, respectively. The serum of two groups was collected within 24 hours after admission, the levels of HMGB-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CRP, PCT, Alb, and hospitalization days were recorded. The differences in indicators between the two groups were compared, and correlation analysis was performed between hospitalization days and various indicators. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the independent or combined value of CRP, PCT, HMGB-1, and CRP/Alb ratio in the early diagnosis of sepsis in children. RESULTS: These four indicators of children with sepsis were significantly higher than those in the general infection group (all p=0.000). The levels of CRP, PCT and CRP/Alb ratio were significantly positively correlated with the hospitalization days (r=0.329, 0.333, 0.329; p=0.02, 0.01, 0.002). The area under curve (AUC) of CRP, PCT, HMGB-1, and CRP/Alb ratio for the diagnosis of sepsis in children was 0.798, 0.817, 0.838, 0.809, respectively, and that of the combination of four indicators was 0.952. CONCLUSIONS: CRP, PCT, HMGB-1, and CRP/Alb ratio resulted as effective indicators for early diagnosis and evaluation of childhood sepsis, having a higher value in combined diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method is presented for the production of the 6 + 1 filament MgB2 wires using internal Mg diffusion (IMD) process. For the MgB2 long wire with 1.4-mm diameter produced by graphene-coated Nb addition, the critical current (Ic) is about 1000 A at 4 T and 4.2 K, which is 2.5 times higher than that of the undoped sample. The increased Ic is attributed to the enhanced flux pinning force and improved grain connectivity. The obtained results show that graphene-coated Nb addition MgB2 wires have excellent superconductivity and mechanical property compared with the conventional PIT wires in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]