Search

When reading Chinese, skilled native readers regularly gain a preview benefit (PB) when the parafoveal word is orthographically or semantically related to the target word. Evidence shows that non-native, beginning Chinese readers can obtain an orthographic PB during Chinese reading, which indicates the parafoveal processing of low-level visual information. However, whether non-native Chinese readers who are more proficient in Chinese can make use of high-level parafoveal information remains unknown. Therefore, this study examined parafoveal processing during Chinese reading among Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals with high Chinese proficiency and compared their PB effects with those from native Chinese readers. Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals demonstrated both orthographic and semantic PB but did not show phonological PB and only differed from native Chinese in the identical PB when preview characters were identical to the targets. These findings demonstrate that non-native Chinese readers can extract semantic information from parafoveal preview during Chinese reading and highlight the modulation of parafoveal processing efficiency by reading proficiency. The results are in line with the direct route to access the mental lexicon of visual Chinese characters among non-native Chinese speakers.

Purpose: The present study tested parafoveal morphological processing during sentence reading with two eye-tracking experiments, making use of an implicit measurement of morphological awareness. In Chinese and Korean, each character form typically corresponds to multiple mental lexicons, leading to morphological ambiguity. Method: Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, we manipulated the relation between the homographic parafoveal preview morphemes and the target words in Chinese and Korean, respectively, in two experiments. We tested 57 Chinese and 45 Korean university students. Together with baseline conditions in which the previews were either identical or unrelated to the target, we had two critical conditions in which the homographs shared/did not share the same morphemic meaning (i.e., same morpheme/different morpheme) with the target morpheme. Results: Across the two experiments, the differences between the same and different morpheme conditions in a number of eye movement indices were significant, consistently showing that appropriate morpho-semantic information facilitates lexical processing. The different-morpheme previews facilitated the target word processing in Chinese but not in Korean reading. Conclusion: These findings suggest that morphemic meanings are activated early on during word recognition in Chinese, a logographic orthography, and Korean Hangul, a phonologically transparent writing system, before the word is fixated upon.

In order to improve the teaching level of college music teachers, in this essay the discrimination of college music teaching level based on the wave equation is put forward. In this study, the advantages of pattern recognition are utilized to establish a college music teaching level evaluation model based on wave equation. The wave equation is adopted to replace the complex function representation in the traditional statistical method, so as to reduce the influence of subjective factors on teaching level evaluation and explore the potential factor correlation in the evaluation process. The linear fuzzy indivisible samples are mapped to high dimensional space to make them linearly divisible, which avoids the traditional process from induction to deduction in essence and simplifies the classification process of nonlinear problems. Structural risk minimization theory ensures global optimization of segmentation and reduces expected risk. The results of this study can be combined with existing research methods to enhance the objectivity of evaluation methods and the accuracy of evaluation results, which has certain reference significance for improving teachers’ teaching level and promoting the improvement of teaching quality.

Objective To observe the damage effect of irradiation on intestine of C57 mice and investigate the protective effect and role of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) in the injury. Methods Intestinal α-defensin knockout mice (MMP7-/- mice) were constructed based on C57 mice, and HD5 gene was transferred into MMP7-/- mice to construct and breed a HD5 transgenic mice (HD5tg mice). The experiment was divided into wild-type C57 mice group (WT group), MMP7-/- mice group and HD5tg mice group. After the mice were irradiated with 5 Gy X-ray (1.26 Gy/min), the survival status of mice within 30 d was observed and statistically analyzed, and the ileal tissues were collected at 0, 2 and 10 d. The pathological injury of the ileum was observed with HE staining, the cell apoptosis in the mice intestinal mucosa was evaluated by TUNEL, and the proliferation and differentiation of ileum intestinal stem cells were analyzed with immunofluorescence assay and PAS staining. The protein expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB was detected with Western blotting, and the transcription levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in intestinal mucosa were measured with RT-qPCR. Results MMP7-/- mice and HD5tg mice were successfully constructed in this study. At 30 d after irradiation, the survival rates of WT, MMP7-/- and HD5tg groups were 50% (10/20), 35% (7/20) and 55% (11/20), respectively. The survival rates of WT and HD5tg groups were significantly higher than that of MMP7-/- group (P < 0.05), but there was no statistic difference between WT group and HD5tg group. When compared with MMP7-/- group, HD5 transfer significantly improved the pathological damage of villi and crypt structure in the small intestine of mice after irradiation, inhibited the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal cells, promoted the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, and decreased transcription levels of inflammatory factors via inhibiting TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Conclusion HD5 promotes the renewal of intestinal mucosal cells and tissue repair and inhibit inflammatory injury by improving intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by irradiation, and thus, enhance the anti-irradiation ability of C57 mice.