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Noncoding RNAs have been found to play important roles in DNA damage repair, whereas the participation of circRNA remains undisclosed. Here, we characterized ciRS-7, a circRNA containing over 70 putative miR-7-binding sites, as an enhancer of miRISC condensation and DNA repair. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed the condensation of TNRC6B and AGO2, two core protein components of human miRISC. Moreover, overexpressing ciRS-7 largely increased the condensate number of TNRC6B and AGO2 in cells, while silencing ciRS-7 reduced it. Additionally, miR-7 overexpression also promoted miRISC condensation. Consistent with the previous report that AGO2 participated in RAD51-mediated DNA damage repair, the overexpression of ciRS-7 significantly promoted irradiation-induced DNA damage repair by enhancing RAD51 recruitment. Our results uncover a new role of circRNA in liquid-liquid phase separation and provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of ciRS-7 on miRISC function and DNA repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a symptom of the onset of SARS-CoV-2, olfactory dysfunction (OD), has attracted tremendous attention. OD is not only a negative factor for quality of life but also an independent hazard and early biomarker for various diseases, such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Therefore, early identification and treatment of OD in patients are critical. Many etiological factors are responsible for OD based on current opinions. Sniffin'Sticks are recommended to identify the initial position (central or peripheral) for OD when treating patients clinically. It is worth emphasizing that the olfactory region in nasal cavity is recognized as the primary and critical olfactory receptor. Many nasal diseases, such as those with traumatic, obstructive and inflammatory causes, can lead to OD. The key question is no refined diagnosis or treatment strategy for nasogenic OD currently. This study summarizes the differences in medical history, symptoms, auxiliary examination, treatment and prognosis of different types of nasogenic OD by analyzing the current studies. We propose using olfactory training after 4–6 weeks of initial treatment for nasogenic OD patients with no significant improvement in olfaction. We hope that our research can provide valuable clinical guidance by systematically summarizing the clinical characteristics of nasogenic OD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven previously undescribed limonoids, trichisins A-K, including eight structural analogues A-H of trijugin and three H-J mexicanolide derivatives, together with two known mexicanolide derivatives were isolated from the fruits of Heynea trijuga Roxb. ex Sims. The structure determination was based on extensive physical data analyses (NMR, MS), and their basic skeletons and the absolute configurations of trichisins A, B, E, K and trichiconnarone A were assigned via X-ray crystallographic analysis (Cu K α radiation). The hemiketal motifs in trijugins A, B, and E-G are rare in limonoids. Bioactivity screenings suggested that the trijugin H and mexicanolide-type trichiconnarones A and B limonoids were effective in reversing resistance in MCF-7/DOX cells at a nontoxic concentration of 50 μM with IC 50 values of 12.45, 10.86, and 14.96 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel method for 2D-to-3D video conversion, based on boundary information to automatically generate the depth map. First, we use the Gaussian model to detect foreground objects and then separate the foreground and background. Second, we employ the superpixel algorithm to find the edge information. According to the superpixels, we will assign corresponding hierarchical depth value to initial depth map. From the result of depth value assignment, we detect the edges by Sobel edge detection with two thresholds to strengthen edge information. To identify the boundary pixels, we use a thinning algorithm to modify edge detection. Following these results, we assign the depth value of foreground to refine it. We use four kinds of scanning path for the entire image to create a more accurate depth map. After that, we have the final depth map. Finally, we utilize depth image-based rendering (DIBR) to synthesize left and right view images. After combining the depth map and the original 2D video, a vivid 3D video is produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape and size control of gold (Au) nanocrystals plays important roles in their catalytic and optical properties. Hierarchical Au nanodendrites were directly electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using l-arginine as a growth-directing agent, while there is no seed, template, or surfactant involved. It was found that the experimental conditions such as the applied potentials, concentrations of HAuCl and l-arginine, and deposition time were essential to the final morphology of the Au deposits. The as-synthesized Au nanocrystals displayed enhanced electrocatalytic activity and improved stability for ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation in acidic media as compared to Au nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]