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The literature regarding robotic-assisted radical cystectomy in kidney transplant recipients is limited. We present the first reported case of robotic-assisted radical cystectomy with a full intracorporeal orthotopic neobladder in a kidney transplant recipient. A 36-year-old man was diagnosed with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma 12 years after kidney transplantation. His immunosuppressive regimen consisted of everolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. After cystectomy and left lymph node dissection, we used a U-shaped neobladder technique slightly modified to adapt to the fixed position of the renal transplant ureter. The surgical time was 305 min, and the blood loss was 200 ml. The patient was discharged 16 days after hospitalization with no surgical complications. Histological analysis revealed no UC (pT0N0) with disseminated carcinoma in situ . Seven months after the surgery, no signs of recurrence or distant/lymph node metastasis were observed. No urinary leakage with complete bladder emptying was reported. Serum creatinine clearance rate was 51 ml/min. Immunosuppressive regimen was not modified after surgery., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose to Journal of Surgical Case Reports., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2025.)

Objectives: The objective is to compare the learning curves between two pioneer and three second-generation surgeons for RAPN in terms of WIT, CD and positive surgical margins., Materials and Methods: The charts of consecutive RAPNs of three centres were reviewed from the UroCCR prospective database. The experience was assessed by a regression model for each group. There was a univariate analysis on three consecutive sequences of 15 procedures. The learning speed for WIT was explored graphically by polynomial regression after cubic splines. Finally, CUSUM charts were obtained., Results: There were 1203 RAPN in the pioneer group and 119 performed by second-generation surgeons. There was a significant difference in the distribution of tumour size ( p  < 0.001) and the RENAL score ( p  < 0.001). The operative time was longer in the first group ( p  > 0.001). Independent factors for a higher WIT were the second group ( p  < 0.001), higher experience ( p  < 0.001) the collinearity between the group and experience ( p  < 0.001), the RENAL score ( p  < 0.001) and blood loss ( p  < 0.001). Adjusted Loess regressions showed a plateau of WIT at 400 procedures for the pioneers and a significant decrease at 20 procedures for the second generation. CUSUM chart analysis showed a 'staircase' pattern of the learning process, with three major steps at 150, 200 and 300 procedures. The major limitation is the difference in sample size between the two arms., Conclusions: Learning curve patterns would reflect a transfer of knowledge to the second-generation, as opposed to the establishment of standards by the pioneers., Competing Interests: Louis Vignot certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (e.g., employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: Branwell Tibi/span> and Matthieu Durand discloses proctoring activity for Intuitive Surgical. Karim Bensalah discloses consulting activity for Intuitive Surgical., (© 2024 The Author(s). BJUI Compass published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International Company.)

Purpose: To report the oncological outcomes and the tolerance between 6 instillations and more than 6 cycles of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy(HIVEC) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)., Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study from a national database including 9 expert centers. All patients treated with HIVEC between 2016 and 2023 for NMIBC were included. Patients were classified into two groups according to the total number of HIVEC instillations, including induction plus maintenance. Kaplan-Meier curves were computed to present survival outcomes., Results: 261 patients with a median follow-up of 25.5 months were included. 199(76.2%) and 62(23.8%) were treated by 6 and more than 6 cycles of HIVEC, respectively. The 2-years RFS(40.2% vs. 34.4%,p = 0.3) and the 2-years PFS(86% vs. 87%,p = 0.85) were similar between group treated with 6 and more than 6 instillations. 2-years CSS and OS were also similar between both groups. Univariate Cox regression showed no association between the number of bladder instillation and RFS (HR = 1.2 95%CI[0.8-1.84], p = 0.3) or PFS (HR = 0.8 95%CI[0.29-2.02], p = 0.2). In the group treated with more than 6 cycles, 2-years RFS and 2-years PFS were similar between patients who received induction plus maintenance compared to those treated with induction only. Finally, hematuria and urinary burning were significantly higher in the group treated by more than 6 cycles (21% vs. 8.5%(p < 0.01),and 29% vs. 17% (p = 0.03), respectively). Serious side effects(grade ≥ 3) are rare(3.1%) and similar in both groups., Conclusions: Results show no significant difference in two years RFS, PFS, CSS and OS according to number of instillations received, while toxicity profile seems better in the group receiving six instillations only., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: There are no specific recommendations for the management of patients with bleeding disorders (BD), such as haemophilia A (HA), haemophilia B (HB), or von Willebrand disease (WD), in urology surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 32 patients with HA, HB, or WD of any severity. Fifty-seven procedures were performed between January 2017 and September 2023. Surgical interventions were divided into two groups: those with and without electrocoagulation. The control patients were successively matched in a 2:1 ratio. Results: The study group consisted of 30 men and 2 women, with 23 HA, 2 HB, and 7 WD. The median age of the patients was 69 years. The BD group had a longer hospital stay of 4 days compared to 1 day ( p < 0.0001). The incidence of bleeding events was 21% versus 2% ( p < 0.0001), and the incidence of complications was 21% versus 7% ( p = 0.0036) for Clavien 1-2 respectively. In the subgroup with intraoperative coagulation, the readmission rate at 30 days was higher (17% vs. 3%, p = 0.00386), as was the transfusion rate (17% vs. 3%, p = 0.0386). Conclusions: This study showed that urological procedures in patients with bleeding disorders were associated with a higher risk of bleeding and complications.

Purpose of the Study: Iatrogenic ureteral injury (IUI) is a rare but formidable complication of any abdominal or pelvic surgery. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of IUI in colorectal surgery in the Basse-Normandie region over the period 2004-2022, as well as to review the literature on the management of this complication., Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective analysis of clinical data (medical records and operative reports) concerned 22 patients (13 men and 9 women) who suffered an IUI during colorectal surgery between 2004 and 2022. Ureteral resections for oncological purposes and endoluminal instrumental injuries (post-ureteroscopy) were excluded from the study. We also carried out a review of the literature concerning the incidence of IUI in colorectal surgery., Results: The incidence of IUI was 0.27% over the study period (22 ureteral injuries out of 8129 colorectal procedures). Colorectal cancer and sigmoid diverticulitis were the dominant surgical indications (85% of cases). Proctectomy and left colectomy were the most performed resection procedures (75% of cases). Surgery was scheduled in 68% of cases. The approach was open laparotomy in 59% and laparoscopy in 41% of cases. The IUI involved the left ureter in 63% of cases and the pelvic ureter in 77% of cases. Conservative endoscopic treatment by insertion of a double-J catheter stent had a success rate of 87.5%. Surgical repairs consisting of re-implantation techniques and uretero-ureteral anastomosis had a success rate of 75%. The nephrectomy rate was 13.6% (3/22) and the mortality rate 9% (2/22). A literature review identified sixteen studies, where the incidence of IUI varied from 0.1 to 4.5%., Findings: IUI occurring during colorectal surgery is a rare occurrence but remain a formidable complication. No means of prevention has proven its effectiveness to date, but guidance devices using illuminated ureteral catheters or dyes seem to constitute a promising approach. Injuries to the left pelvic ureter are the most common, and the majority can be treated endoscopically if diagnosed early., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy (HIVEC) efficacy regarding 1-year disease-free survival (RFS) rate and bladder preservation rate in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who fail bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy., Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective series from a national database (7 expert centers). Between January 2016 and October 2021, patients treated with HIVEC for NMIBC who failed BCG have been included in our study. These patients had a theoretical indication for cystectomy but were ineligible for surgery or refused it., Results: A total of 116 patients treated with HIVEC and with a follow-up > 6 months were included in this study and retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up was 20.6 months. The 12 month-RFS (recurrence-free survival) rate was 62.9%. The bladder preservation rate was 87.1%. Fifteen patients (12.9%) progressed to muscle infiltration, three of them having a metastatic disease at the time of progression. Predictive factors of progression were T1 stage, high grade and very high-risk tumors according to the EORTC classification., Conclusion: Chemohyperthermia using HIVEC achieved an RFS rate of 62.9% at 1 year and enabled a bladder preservation rate of 87.1%. However, the risk of progression to muscle-invasive disease is not negligible, particularly for patients with very high-risk tumors. In these patients who fail BCG, cystectomy should remain the standard of care and HIVEC may be discussed cautiously for patients who are not eligible for surgery and well informed of the risk of progression., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (RIHC) is one complication of the pelvic radiotherapy. The GREENLIGHT© laser (GL) has been barely studied in the treatment of radiation cystitis. The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of GL in refractory RIHC patients (RRC) in a single-centre series., Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine patients were treated by GL bladder photocoagulation (GLBP). These patients showed signs of refractory haematuria in the context of RIHC. The primary endpoint was the absence of haematuria that would require a subsequent surgical intervention. Secondary endpoints were postoperative hospitalization length of stay, the occurrence of complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, the occurrence of functional urinary disorders and the number of cystectomies., Results: After a median follow-up of 30 months, 24 (82.7%) patients had no recurrence of haematuria. No postoperative complications were reported. A disabling overactive bladder secondary to the procedure occurred in 9 patients (31.0%). Two patients needed a cystectomy at 1 and 11 months., Conclusion: GLBP may constitute an efficient line of treatment for RIHC. Despite overactive bladder it allowed to avoid or delay cystectomy., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Malabsorption is a consequence of gastric bypass (GB). GB increases the risk of kidney stone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a screening questionnaire for assessing the risk of lithiasis in this population. We performed a monocentric retrospective study to evaluate a screening questionnaire administered to patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery between 2014 and 2015. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire that included 22 questions divided into four parts: medical history, episodes of renal colic before and after bypass surgery, and eating habits. A total of 143 patients were included in the study, and the mean age of the patients was 49.1 ± 10.8 years. The time between gastric bypass surgery and the completion of the questionnaire was 50.75 ± 4.95 months. The prevalence of kidney stones in the study population was 19.6%. We found that with a score of ≥6, the sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 76.5%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 49.1% and 97.8%, respectively. The ROC curve showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.932 ± 0.029 ( p < 0.001). We developed a reliable and short questionnaire to identify patients at a high risk of kidney stones after gastric bypass. When the results of the questionnaire were equal to or greater than six, the patient was at a high risk of kidney stone formation. With a good predictive negative value, it could be used in daily practice to screen patients who have undergone gastric bypass and are at a high risk of renal lithiasis.

Background: Bariatric surgery is known to improve stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder disorders (OAB). However, there is little long-term follow-up in the literature., Objective: To determine the long-term effect of bariatric procedures on SUI and OAB and their impact on quality of life, we applied the ICIQ and USP questionnaires., Setting: The research was conducted at a French university hospital with expertise in bariatric surgery., Methods: We performed an updated follow-up at 6 years of a prospective cohort of 83 women who underwent a bariatric procedure between September 2013 and September 2014. The women completed the USP and ICIQ questionnaires before surgery, 1 year and 6 years after the surgery., Results: Of the 83 patients, 67 responded (80.7%) in full. SUI remained improved at 6 years: the USP score decreased from 3 [1; 7] before surgery to 0 [0; 1] ( p = 0.0010) at 1 year after surgery and remained at 0 [0; 0] ( p = 0.0253) at 6 years. The decrease in the OAB symptom score remained statistically significant: 3 [1; 7] before the surgery vs. 2 [0; 5] at 6 years ( p = 0.0150). However, this improvement was significantly less pronounced than at 1 year: 0 [0; 1] ( p = 0.002)., Conclusions: Bariatric surgery seems to be effective at treating SUI and OAB with a long-lasting effects, still noted at 6 years.

CIS of the bladder is associated with a high risk of progression. In the case of BCG failure, radical cystectomy should be performed. For patients who refuse or are ineligible, bladder-sparing alternatives are evaluated. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Hyperthermic IntraVesical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) depending on the presence or absence of CIS. This retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between 2016 and 2021. Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with BCG failure received 6-8 adjuvant instillations of HIVEC. The co-primary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A total of 116 consecutive patients met our inclusion criteria of whom 36 had concomitant CIS. The 2-year RFS rate was 19.9% and 43.7% in patients with and without CIS, respectively ( p = 0.52). Fifteen patients (12.9%) experienced progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer with no significant difference between patients with and without CIS (2-year PFS rate = 71.8% vs. 88.8%, p = 0.32). In multivariate analysis, CIS was not a significant prognostic factor in terms of recurrence or progression. In conclusion, CIS may not be considered a contraindication to HIVEC, as there is no significant association between CIS and the risk of progression or recurrence after treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Abstract: In a 54-year-old patient referred for 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) baseline PET/CT before chemotherapy for biopsy-proven liver metastases, FCH PET/CT demonstrated multiple hypodense hepatic lesions with no FCH uptake and 2 positive bone metastases. FCH PET/CT performed after 6 cycles of docetaxel demonstrated a near normalization of the physiological uptake in the area of the sterilized liver metastases, which was confirmed by a drop in prostate-specific antigen and a complete metabolic response in the bone metastases. The present case demonstrates a new pattern of response defined by a reverse phenomenon from photopenic to normal uptake in responding liver metastases., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To compare off-clamp vs on-clamp robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in terms of oncological outcomes, and to assess the impact of surgical experience (SE)., Methods: We extracted data of a contemporary cohort of 1359 patients from the prospectively maintained database of the French national network of research on kidney cancer (UROCCR). The primary objective was to assess the positive surgical margin (PSM) rate. We also evaluated the oncological outcomes regardless of the surgical experience (SE) by dividing patients into three groups of SE as a secondary endpoints. SE was defined by the caseload of RPN per surgeon per year. For the continuous variables, we used Mann-Whitney and Student tests. We assessed survival analysis according to hilar control approach by Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank tests. A logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the independent factors of PSM., Results: Outcomes of 224 off-clamp RPN for RCC were compared to 1135 on-clamp RPN. PSM rate was not statistically different, with 5.6% in the off-clamp group, and 11% in the on-clamp group (p = 0.1). When assessing survival analysis for overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LR), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) according to hilar clamping approach, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with p value log rank = 0.2, 0.8, 0.1, respectively. In multivariate analysis assessing SE, hilar control approach, hospital volume (HV), RENAL score, gender, Age, ECOG, EBL, BMI, and indication of NSS, age at surgery was associated with PSM (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 (95% CI 1.00-1.04), 0.02), whereas SE, HV, and type of hilar control approach were not predictive factors of PSM., Conclusion: Hilar control approach seems to have no impact on PSM of RPN for RCC. Our findings were consistent with randomized trials., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To analyze de novo graft carcinoma characteristics from our updated national multicentric retrospective cohort., Methods: Thirty-two transplant centers have retrospectively completed the database. This database concerns all kidney graft tumors including urothelial, and others type but excludes renal lymphomas over 31 years., Results: One hundred and fifty twokidney graft carcinomas were diagnosed in functional grafts. Among them 130 tumors were Renal Cell Carcinomas. The calculated incidence was 0.18%. Median age of the allograft at diagnosis was 45.4 years old. The median time between transplantation and diagnosis was 147.1 months. 60 tumors were papillary carcinomas and 64 were clear cell carcinomas. Median tumor size was 25 mm. 18, 64, 21 and 1 tumors were respectively Fuhrman grade 1, 2, 3 and 4. Nephron sparing surgery (NSS) was performed on 68 (52.3%) recipients. Ablative therapy was performed in 23 cases (17.7%). Specific survival rate was 96.8%., Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal graft carcinomas are a different entity: with a younger age of diagnosis; a lower stage at diagnosis; a higher incidence of papillary subtypes., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: Secondary uretero-arterial fistulas (SUAF) are uncommon, underrated and threatening for any patient. Gross hematuria is a clinical symptom of this pathology for patients with history of pelvic radiotherapy, complex pelvic surgery or long-term ureteral stenting. The purpose of this work is to assess risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of SUAF., Methods: Monocentric and retrospective series of 6 new cases illustrated by a literature review through MedLine and Pubmed using the keywords "arterio-ureteral fistula", "arterio iliac fistula" and "ilio-ureteral fistula". We excluded uretero-arterial fistula following vascular surgery., Results: Our series included 4 men and 2 women. All patients had a history of complex pelvic surgery and long-term ureteral stenting. Three patients had history of pelvic radiotherapy. They all had inaugural macroscopic haematuria episode. Two fistula cases were diagnosed on 5 repeated CT-scans. In 2 out of 5 cases, arteriography highlighted the fistula. Fistulas were generally located at the left common iliac artery. An endovascular stent was placed in 5 out of 6 cases. One patient needed open surgery. After treatment, 3 patients remained alive, 3 patients died either by a fistula relapse or by complications late in the treatment., Conclusion: SUAF are uncommon, but serious. Today, there is no specific recommendation regarding complex treatment of these fistulas. Endovascular stents seem to be a good therapeutic option., Level of Proof: 3., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common neoplasia in men. With aging of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR), its incidence is likely to increase. The aim of this study was to analyze PC screening results retrospectively in renal transplant recipients (RTR), hepatic transplant recipients (HTR) and cardiac transplant recipients (CTR)., Patients and Methods: A retrospective monocentric study of PC diagnosed in renal, hepatic or cardiac transplanted patients since 1989 was performed. All the patients were followed annually by digital rectal examination and prostate serum antigen (PSA) dosage., Results: 57 PC were diagnosed in 1565 SOTR male patients (3.6%): 35 RTR, 15 HTR, and 7 CTR. Standard incidence ratio (SIR) was 41.9. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 64.5 (60.5-69.2). Mean time between transplantation and PC diagnosis was 95.7 (39.0-139.5) months. Median PSA rate was 7.0 (6.2-13) ng/mL. Clinical stages were T1, T2, and T3, respectively, for 29, 22 and 6 patients. Diagnosis was done by screening in 52 patients, after prostatitis in 1 and bone pain in another. Three PC were discovered on prostate chips after transurethral resection. Two patients were treated by active surveillance. 39 (68%) patients (25 RTR, 11 HTR and 3 CTR) were treated by radical prostatectomy. Histological results were 30 pT2 and 9 pT3 tumors, with 7 positive surgical margins. Gleason score was 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in, respectively, in 2, 24, 11, 1 and 1 patients. One patient with positive pelvic nodes was treated with hormonal therapy (HT). One had a biochemical relapse at 10 months and underwent salvage radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 85.2 months (46.1-115.0). 23 (40.4%) patients died. Two (3.6%) RTR and 1 (1.8%) CTR died from their PC. Standard incidence ratio were, respectively, 42.4, 48.2 and 39 in RTR, HTR and CTR., Conclusion: Systematic screening in male SOTR after 50 years old could not be recommended. In the last 3 decades, we diagnosed too many low-risk prostate cancers strongly increasing the SIR but failing to decrease prostate cancer related mortality. SOTR should undergo individual screening with prior MRI when PSA rates are high. Management should not be different from that of the general population.

Objective: To define guidelines for the management of kidney stones in kidney transplant (KTx) donor or recipients., Method: Following a systematic approach, a review of the literature (Medline) was conducted by the CTAFU to report kidney stone epidemiology, diagnosis and management in KTx donors and recipients with the corresponding level of evidence., Results: Prevalence of kidney stones in deceased donor is unknown but reaches 9.3% in living donors in industrialized countries. Except in Maastrich 2 donors, diagnosis is done on systematic pre-donation CT scan according to standard french procedure. No prospective study has compared therapeutic strategies available for the management of kidney stones in KTx donor: ureteroscopy or an extra corporeal lithotripsy in case of living donor prior to donation, ex vivo approach (pyelotomy or ureteroscopy), ureterocopy in the KTx recipient or surveillance. De novo kidney stones result from a lithogenesis process to be identified and treated in order to avoid recurrences. The context of solitary functional kidney renders the prevention of recurrence of great importance. Diagnosis is suspected when identification of a renal graft dysfunction, hematuria or urinary tract infection with renal pelvis dilatation. Stone size and location are determined by computed tomography. There are no prospective, controlled studies on kidney stone management in the KTx. The therapeutic strategies are similar to standard management in general population., Conclusion: These French recommendations should contribute to improve kidney stones management in KTx donor and recipients., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To propose recommendations for the management of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) of the renal transplant., Method: Following a systematic approach, a review of the literature (Medline) was conducted by the CTAFU to evaluate prevalence, diagnosis and management of RCC arousing in the renal transplant. References were assessed according to a predefined process to propose recommendations with levels of evidence., Results: Renal cell carcinomas of the renal transplant affect approximately 0.2% of recipients. Mostly asymptomatic, these tumors are mainly diagnosed on a routine imaging of the renal transplant. Predominant pathology is clear cell carcinomas but papillary carcinomas are more frequent than in general population (up to 40-50%). RCC of the renal transplant is often localized, of low stage and low grade. According to tumor characteristics and renal function, preferred treatment is radical (transplantectomy) or nephron sparing through partial nephrectomy (open or minimally invasive approach) or thermoablation after percutaneous biopsy. Although no robust data support a switch of immunosuppressive regimen, some authors suggest to favor the use of mTOR inhibitors. CTAFU does not recommend a mandatory waiting time after transplantectomy for RCC in candidates for a subsequent renal tranplantation when tumor stage

Objective: To define guidelines for the management of localized prostate cancer (PCa) in kidney transplant (KTx) candidates and recipients., Method: A systematic review (Medline) of the literature was conducted by the CTAFU to report prostate cancer epidemiology, screening, diagnosis and management in KTx candidates and recipients with the corresponding level of evidence., Results: KTx recipients are at similar risk for PCa as general population. Thus, PCa screening in this setting is defined according to global French guidelines from CCAFU. Systematic screening is proposed in candidates for renal transplant over 50 y-o. PCa diagnosis is based on prostate biopsies performed after multiparametric MRI and preventive antibiotics. CCAFU guidelines remain applicable for PCa treatment in KTx recipients with some specificities, especially regarding lymph nodes management. Treatment options in candidates for KTx need to integrate waiting time and access to transplantation. Current data allows the CTAFU to propose mandatory waiting times after PCa treatment in KTx candidates with a weak level of evidence., Conclusion: These French recommendations should contribute to improve PCa management in KTx recipients and candidates, integrating oncological objectives with access to transplantation., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To assess the influence of renal transplantation on sexual function., Methods: Prospective study including all patients who underwent a kidney transplantation between January 2013 and February 2015. Sexual function was measured before, at 6, 12 months after transplantation and at the last follow-up with IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) and FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index questionnaires)., Results: Median FSFI total score significantly increased in women at 6 months. In men, median IIEF total score significantly increased at one year., Conclusion: Our study provides evidence suggesting that successful transplantation can improve normal sexual function in both men and women with chronic kidney failure., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.)

Aim: Characteristics of renal carcinoma arising in non-functional graft in renal transplant recipients (RTR) are unknown. We studied a large national retrospective cohort to analyze circumstances of diagnosis, treatment and outcome compared to the literature., Methods: Study included all RTR presenting with kidney graft tumors irrespective of the histology, except those with lymphoma and including those tumors arising in non-functional renal graft. Between January 1988 and December 2018, 56,806 patients had renal transplantation in the 32 centers participating in this study. Among this cohort, 18 renal graft tumors were diagnosed in non-functional grafts., Results: The median patient age at the time of diagnosis was 42.1 years (31.7-51.3). Median age of kidney grafts at the time of diagnosis was 56.4 (23.2-63.4). Eight (44.4%) tumors were discovered fortuitously on renal graft histologic analysis. Fourteen tumors (77.8%) were papillary carcinomas. Two patients had clear cell carcinomas and one patient had a pTa high-grade multifocal urothelial carcinoma in the graft of the upper tract with an in situ carcinoma., Conclusion: Renal carcinomas in non-functional grafts are rare entities and most of them are diagnosed fortuitously. Despite the fact that these tumors are small, low grade and with a good prognosis, regular monitoring of non-functional grafts should be performed with at least an annual ultrasonography.

Purpose: To evaluate the residual cancer rate after cystoprostatectomy (CPT) in patients with a history of radiation therapy for prostate cancer and the postoperative complication rates., Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 21 patients who had a CPT over 7 years and who had a history of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. To compare results, two additional groups were created: a group of patients without a history of radiotherapy in whom a CPT was performed, and a group without a history of radiotherapy and in whom was accidentally discovered a prostate cancer after CPT on histology specimens., Results: The median age at the time of radiotherapy was 69 years. The median age at the time of cystoprostatectomy was 78 years. The median PSA at the time of the intervention was 0.6 ng/ml in the group with a history of radiotherapy. The residual cancer rate was 24%. No patients had criteria for biological recurrence. There were no additional surgical complications in the radiotherapy group (p = 0.2). The rate of cutaneous ureterostomy was higher (p = 0.0006) due to increased surgical difficulties (p = 0.0009)., Conclusion: The residual cancer rate was 24% after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. PSA alone does not appear to be sufficient to detect the persistence of residual prostate cancer after radiotherapy. There were no more surgical complications after prostate radiotherapy.