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Objective To observe the relation of phase angle (PA) measured by bioelectrical impedance method with nutritional status of patients with primary liver cancer, and to explore its influence on clinical outcomes. Methods We collected 120 inpatients with primary liver cancer for nutritional risk screening, patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment(PG-SGA), anthropometry, biochemical examination and body composition analysis. According to the phase angle, the patients were divided into low PA group and normal PA group. The correlation between PA and nutrition-related indicators was analyzed. The survival and complications of the two groups were compared after 1-year follow-up. Results There were 56.7% (68/120) of primary liver cancer patients with lower PA. TP, ALB, CHE, HB, AMC, GS, BCM, FFM and ASMI in low PA group were lower while ECW/TBW was higher than those in normal PA group (all P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that PA was negatively correlated with ECW/TBW (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with TP, ALB, CHE, HB, AMC, GS, BCM, FFM and ASMI (all P < 0.05). Low PA was significantly associated with nutritional risk, deterioration of liver function, progress of liver cancer staging and severe malnutrition (all P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, the mortality of the low PA group was higher than that of the normal PA group (P < 0.05). The risk of death in the low PA group increased by 2.738 times (OR=3.738, 95%CI: 1.465-9.535). Conclusion Phase angle is an economic and effective index to reflect the nutritional status of patients with primary liver cancer, and closely related to the risk of death. Phase angle measurement is helpful for assessing nutritional status and predicting clinical outcome of patients with primary liver cancer.

Resource-based cities are important strategic bases for securing resources in China and have made great contributions to the country's economic development. Long-term extensive resource development has made resource-based cities an important region constraining China from achieving comprehensive low-carbon development. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the low-carbon transition path of resource-based cities for their energy greening, industrial transformation, and high-quality economic development. This study compiled the CO2 emission inventory of resource-based cities in China from 2005 to 2017, explored the contribution to CO2 emissions from three perspectives (driver, industry, and city), and predicted the peak of CO2 emissions in resource-based cities. The results show that resource-based cities contribute 18.4% of the country's GDP and emit 44.4% of the country's CO2 and that economic growth and CO2 emissions have not yet been decoupled. The per capita CO2 emissions and emission intensity of resource-based cities are 1.8 times and 2.4 times higher than the national average, respectively. Economic growth and energy intensity are the biggest drivers and main inhibitors of CO2 emissions growth. Industrial restructuring has become the biggest inhibitor of CO2 emissions growth. Based on the different resource endowments, industrial structures, and socio-economic development levels of resource-based cities, we propose differentiated low-carbon transition pathways. This study can provide references for cities to develop differentiated low-carbon development paths under the "double carbon" target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic attempts to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a country can have synergistic and/or trade-off effects on the advancement of SDGs in other countries. Transboundary SDG interactions can be delivered through various transmission channels (e.g., trade, river flow, ocean currents, and air flow). This study quantified the transboundary interactions through these channels between 768 pairs of SDG indicators. The results showed that although high income countries only comprised 14.18% of the global population, they contributed considerably to total SDG interactions worldwide (60.60%). Transboundary synergistic effects via international trade were 14.94% more pronounced with trade partners outside their immediate geographic vicinity than with neighbouring ones. Conversely, nature-caused flows (including river flow, ocean currents, and air flow) resulted in 39.29% stronger transboundary synergistic effects among neighboring countries compared to non-neighboring ones. To facilitate the achievement of SDGs worldwide, it is essential to enhance collaboration among countries and leverage transboundary synergies. Domestic attempts to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a country can have synergistic and/or trade-off effects on the advancement of SDGs in other countries. Here the authors demonstrate that while high-income countries make up only 14% of the global population, they drive over 60% of worldwide SDG interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented as significantly interacted. Yet most studies only investigated the direct interactions of SDG targets, and indirect interactions, that is, the interlinkages transmitted through one or more mediums, should also be considered to obtain more accurate interaction estimation and more scientific policy decisions. We first made a methodological contribution by proposing a plus‐minus decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory model, which can consider not only the direct synergies and trade‐offs but the indirect ones. Then, based on this proposed method, we navigated the complicated network across the SDGs considering both direct and indirect interactions, find out the key interactive ones with a visually directed graph, obtain the weights of each SDG, and define the best governance structures to capitalize on synergies and minimize trade‐offs. Results show that, when incorporating indirect interactions, the share of synergy effect of SDGs dominates the total influence, taking up to 98.33%, suggesting that the achievement of the 2030 Agenda can be facilitated through interactions. Although all SDGs should be equally addressed by 2030 suggested by the United Nations, equal importance across 17 SDGs does not mean we have to make the same efforts in achieving each SDG, and SDG 4 and SDG 13 are the top priority to tap into these interaction potentials. Our interdisciplinary analysis across economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection provides a science‐driven reference for all UN member states to facilitate achieving the SDGs by maximizing the synergies and minimizing the trade‐offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]