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Ming-Jun Tsai,1,2 Cheng-Yu Lin,3 Jiří Trousil,4 Calvin T Sung,5 Mei-Hua Lee,3 Jia-You Fang,3,6,7 Shih-Chun Yang8 1School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2Jhong Siao Urological Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 4Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; 5Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 6Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 7Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 8Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, TaiwanCorrespondence: Jia-You Fang, Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Email fajy@mail.cgu.edu.tw Shih-Chun Yang, Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, 70 Linhsi Road, Shihlin, Taipei, 111, Taiwan, Email scyang@scu.edu.twBackground: Simultaneous anti-Cutibacterium acnes and anti-inflammatory actions are highly beneficial in treating acne vulgaris. In this study, we present novel anti-acne nanovesicles based on liposomes loaded with proteinase K (PK), retinoic acid (RA), and soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) to achieve an effective and safe treatment.Materials and Methods: This study examined in vitro planktonic and biofilm C. acnes elimination, as well as the keratinocyte proliferation suppression by liposomes. The multifunctional liposomes for treating C. acnes in mice were also evaluated.Results: We acquired multifunctional liposomes with a size of 71 nm and zeta potential of 31 mV. The antimicrobial activity of SME was enhanced after liposomal encapsulation according to the reduction of minimum bactericidal concentration (MB

Jia-You Fang,1– 3 Wei-Ling Chou,4 Chwan-Fwu Lin,2,3,5 Calvin T Sung,6 Ahmed Alalaiwe,7 Shih-Chun Yang1,8 1Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 4Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; 5Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 6Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 7Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, TaiwanCorrespondence: Shih-Chun YangPharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, TaiwanEmail phageyang@gmail.comBackground: The biofilm produced by Cutibacterium acnes is a major infection threat for skin and implanted catheters. Nanoparticles provide a new approach to eradicate biofilms. The present study evaluated the capability of cationic liposomes loaded with DNase I (DNS) and proteinase K (PK) to remove preformed C. acnes biofilms.Methods: DNS and PK were able to target and disassemble the biofilm by degrading extracellular polymer substances (EPS). Soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) was used to render a positive charge and enhance the antibacterial activity of the liposomes.Results: The cationic liposomes containing enzymes yielded monodisperse nanovesicles ranging between 95 and 150 nm. The entrapment efficiency of the enzymes in the liposomes achieved a value of 67– 83%. All liposomal formulations suppressed planktonic C. acnes growth at a minimum inhibitory concentrati

Ching-Yun Hsu,1,2,* Shih-Chun Yang,3,4,* Calvin T Sung,5 Yi-Han Weng,4 Jia-You Fang2,4,6,7 1Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 2Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, 3Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, 4Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan; 5School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; 6Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 7Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taiwan *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Pathogens usually invade hair follicles when skin infection occurs. The accumulated bacteria in follicles are difficult to eradicate. The present study aimed to assess the cutaneous and follicular delivery of chloramphenicol (Cm)-loaded liposomes and the antibacterial activity of these liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Skin permeation was conducted by in vitro Franz diffusion cell. The anti-MRSA potential was checked using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), a well diffusion test, and intracellular MRSA killing. The classic, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and deoxycholic acid (DA) liposomes had a vesicle size of 98, 132, and 239 nm, respectively. The incorporation of DMPC or DA into the liposomes increased the bilayer fluidity. The malleable vesicles containing DMPC and DA showed increased follicular Cm uptake over the control solution by 1.5- and 2-fold, respectively. The MIC and MBC of DA liposomes loaded with Cm were 62.5 and 62.5–125 µg/mL, comparable to free Cm. An inhibition zone about 2-fold higher was achieved by DA liposomes as compared to the free control at a Cm dose of 0.5 mg/mL. DA liposomes also a