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Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and mild to moderate pain. However, it has extremely low aqueous solubility, rapid biotransformation with a half-life of nearly 2 h and poor tissue absorption resulting in poor bioavailability. One of the most important strategies for avoiding NSAID-related toxicity is modified release polymeric systems. Cross-linked polyphosphazene microspheres are attractive systems in drug delivery, as they are biocompatible and biodegradable. In the current work, novel cross-linked inorganic hybrid polyphosphazene microspheres were synthesized by self-assembly precipitation polymerization between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (trimer)/octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene (tetramer) as a cross-linker and 4,7-dihydroxyisoflavone (4.7 DHF) as a monomer. The structure of synthesized microspheres was identified several techniques in detail. IBU was successfully incorporated into the trimeric and tetrameric polyphosphazene microspheres. Particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, morphology, thermal, FT-IR, and XRD analyses, and IBU quantification using UPLC method were carried out to evaluate the microspheres. Considering the higher drug loading values and smaller particle size, trimer-based microspheres (4.7 DHF-TRI-IBU) were selected for further studies. In vitro release studies from 4.7 DHF-TRI-IBU demonstrated modified release pattern which followed zero-order kinetic model. Characteristics of 4.7 DHF-TRI-IBU were found to remain stable at 4 °C ± 1 °C, 25 °C ± 1 °C and 40 °C ± 1 °C during the storage period of 3 months. In vitro characterization analyses showed that spherical, micron-sized 4.7 DHF-TRI-IBU microspheres with prolonged release pattern has the potential of enhancing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Inorganic–organic hybrid and highly cross-linked poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-dopamine) microspheres (PCTD) were successfully synthesized by a one-step precipitation polymerization technique. In the...

WOS: 000442645700002, In this study, novel cross-linked inorganic-organic hybrid polyphosphazene nanospheres were synthesized via self-assembly precipitation polymerization between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) as a crosslinker molecule and anticancer featured quercetin (QCT). The technique used for synthesizing QCT nanospheres is quite simple and rapid, and has some advantages like using just ultrasonic power. Furthermore, it does not require any surfactant or stabilizer. Growth of nanospheres and reaction time effect on the formation of QCT nanospheres were investigated. Quercetin and 4',7-dihydroxyflavone were compared for the formation of nanospheres. The particle size of the spheres was determined to be approximately 434 nm by DLS (dynamic light scattering) measurements in 3 hours reaction time. The structure and morphology of synthesized QCT nanospheres were investigated by SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffractometer). The spectroscopic and thermal properties of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene QCT nanospheres were investigated by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible), fluorescence, and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Moreover, QCT nanospheres were used for controlled release of acriflavine which had been chosen as a model drug., Anadolu University, Scientific Research Unit [1506F536], The authors acknowledge to the "Anadolu University, Scientific Research Unit" Grant No. 1506F536 for their financial support.

In this article, highly cross-linked inorganic and organic hybrid polyphosphazene microspheres including amino groups on the surface have been successfully obtained via self-assembly polycondensation approach using 4,4ʹ-diaminodiphenylmethane and octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene which is a new crosslinker. Experiments were performed without adding a surfactant or stabilizer, using only an ultrasonic bath. Otherwise, effect of different molar ratios of the reactants, reaction time and ultrasonic power were investigated on preparing morphologically good spheres. The reactivity of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene was investigated comparing with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene which is the most popular crosslinker cyclic phosphazene molecule. The size of acquired microspheres were approximately same, and 1.00μm. The novel microspheres were characterized by SEM, FTIR, ZETA, UV, Fluorescense, XRD and TGA.

WOS: 000456491500085, In this study, the novel compounds (2,5-dimethoxy-methanimine propyltriethoxysilane; S1 and 3-ethoxy-salicylaldimine propyltriethoxysilane; S2) derived from aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were synthesized by a simple and facile approach in order to modify mesoporous silica (MS) surface. Characterization of S1 and S2 was experimentally performed by FTIR, H-1-C-13 NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The IR frequencies, H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shift values for the optimized molecular geometries of S1 and S2 were calculated by using Density Functional Theory (DFT with B3LYP/6-311 + G (d, p) basis set), and the theoretical results were compared to the obtained experimental data. The experimental and theoretical results confirmed the proposed molecular structures of the synthesized S1 and S2 compounds. After that, the mesoporous silica material (MS) was synthesized according to the Stober procedure, and characterized by the elemental analysis, and the experimental and theoretical IR spectra. The surface of MS was successfully functionalized with S1 and S2 to produce more selective and effective adsorbent materials, and the structures of functionalized MSs (S1-MS and S2-MS) were investigated with FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The theoretical optimized molecular geometries, IR frequencies and H-1-C-13 NMR chemical shift values were calculated to execute the structural analysis of S1-MS and S2-MS. In addition, the calculations of the sum of electronic and thermal free energy (SETFE), dipole moment, the HOMO-LUMO energies, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), the solvent accessible surface (SAS) and atomic charge for the synthesized S1, S2, MS, S1-MS and S2-MS were accomplished by using DFT/B3LYP/6-311 + G (d, p) level of theory, Anadolu University [1306F256, 1102F027, 1304F064], This study was supported by Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects (1306F256). The authors also gratefully thank to Anadolu University for supporting Gaussian 09 and Gauss View 5.0 programs with the projects (1102F027 and 1304F064).

WOS: 000457024800003, Inorganic-organic hybrid cyclomatrix type polyphosphazene microspheres (poly[cyclotriphosphazene-co-(4,4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane)]) (HDMS) and poly[cyclotetraphosphazene-co-4,4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane)] (ODMS) were prepared to investigate their possible use as alternative adsorbents for the comparative study on Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions. The structures of the microspheres were elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements, and the surface morphologies were also observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto HDMS and ODMS from aqueous solutions was examined by means of pH, temperature, contact time and concentration. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were applied and the experimental data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacities of HDMS and ODMS for Pb(II) ions were obtained as 157.8 and 308.0 mg g(-1) at 20 degrees C and pH 5.5, respectively.

WOS: 000392648000022, The Schiff bases 4,4'-di(2-hydroxybenzyl imino) diphenylmethane (S1), 4,4'-di(2-hydroxy-5-chloro benzyl imino) diphenylmethane (S2) and 4,4'-di(2-hydroxy-5-bromo benzyl imino) diphenylmethane (S3) were synthesized from the condensation reactions of salicyl-aldehyde, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde, respectively, with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane and reduced with NaBH4 in dry MeOH to obtain N/O-donor type ligands 4,4'-di(2-hydroxy benzyl amino) diphenylmethane (L1), 4,4'-di(2-hydroxy-5-chloro benzyl amino) diphenylmethane (L2) and 4,4'-di(2-hydroxy-5-bromo benzyl amino) diphenylmethane (L3). The novel spiro-bino-spiro-cyclotriphosphazene derivatives 1 - 3 were obtained from the reactions of L1-L3 with trimer (N3P3Cl6). The identities of these compounds were elucidated by P-31-, H-1-, C-13-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid state structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental results on the molecular structures of compounds 1 and 2 were supported by computational studies using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods with Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) functional and 6-31+G(2d,p) basis set. The experimentally determined values of the bond angles and bond lengths in the compounds are in accord with to those predicted theoretically.

Cross-linked cyclomatrix polyphosphazene microspheres have been successfully synthesized via self-assembly polycondensation reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4¢-diaminodiphenylmethane (DADPM) in acetonitrile. The absence of any stabilizing agent or surfactant and usage of only an ultrasonic bath have been the advantages for this reaction. HCCP and DADPM ratios have been attempted to obtain the best morphology by SEM-EDX. The size of microspheres were ranging from 4.46 to 4.74 μm. The inorganic-organic hybrid microspheres were characterized by FTIR, TGA, UV, Fluorescence and XRD.

WOS: 000361863200018, The new water-soluble and air stable compounds (H(2)ppz)[Co(dipic)(2)]center dot 6H(2)O (1), (H(2)ppz)[Ni(dipic)(2)]center dot 6H(2)O (2) and (H(2)ppz)[Zn(dipic)(2)]center dot 6H(2)O (3) were prepared by the reaction of corresponding metal(II) acetates and a proton transfer salt, (H(2)ppz) (Hdipic)(2), (4) of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)clipic) and 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanol (ppz). The compounds 1-3 were characterized by elemental, IR, UV-vis. thermal analyses, magnetic measurement and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The molecular structures of the title compounds consist of one 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium (H(2)ppz(+2)) cation, one bis(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate)metal(II) [M(dipic)(2)](2-) anion, and six uncoordinated water molecules. In compounds 1-3 the metal ions coordinate to two oxygen and one nitrogen atoms of two pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate molecules forming an octahedral environment. Antimicrobial activities against Gram (-) wild type (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram (+) wild type (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis) and clinical isolate (Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter aeruginosa) were also studied. The results were reported, discussed and compared with the corresponding starting materials ((H(2)ppz) (Hdipic)(2) (4), H(2)dipic and ppz). MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) values of the newly synthesized compounds were determined as 4000 mu g/ml (except B. subtilis and clinical isolate E. aeruginosa, >4000 mu g/ml)., Dumlupinar University Research Foundation [2011-13], This study was supported by a grant (Grant No: 2011-13) received from Dumlupinar University Research Foundation and was carried out at the Department of Chemistry of Dumlupinar University. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the "Medicinal Plants and Medicine Research Center of Anadolu University, Eskisehir" for having received the permission to use the X-ray facility.

WOS: 000365469900018, New cadmium complexes of 4-methoxyphenyl dithiophosphinic acids, H3CO-C-6 H (4)-(R)PS2H were prepared. The five dithiophosphinato ligands (L) involved were of the general structure H3CO-C-6 H (4)-(R)PS with R = 3-methylbutyl, (L1); n-butyl, (L2); 2-methylpropyl, (L3); 1-methylpropyl, (L4) and 2-propyl, (L5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the preparation and characterization of the n-butyl- derivative. The acid forms of the ligands were obtained by treatment of the Lawesson reagent, (LR) [2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide] with the corresponding Grignard reagent in dry diethylether. The acids formed were transformed into easily crystallizable ammonium salts (NH4L) for purification. These salts were treated with CdCl2 in ethanol at room temperature to produce the bis-dithiophosphinato cadmium complexes ([Cd(L)(2)](2)) exclusively. The structures of the complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis, MS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques as well as H-1-, C-13- and P-31- NMR. The crystal structures of [Cd(L1)(2)](2) and [Cd(L2)(2)](2) were also studied as examples. X-ray studies confirmed the nonplanar, four-coordination geometry of the complexes and indicate that electron delocalization prevails in the PS moiety of the dithiophosphinato groups., Technical Research Council of Turkey [TBAG 114Z091, TUBITAK]; Research and Application Centers of Bozok University [BAP2015 FEF/A153], We gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance of Technical Research Council of Turkey (grant nos. TBAG 114Z091, TUBITAK) and Research and Application Centers of Bozok University (BAP2015 FEF/A153). Our thanks also go to the tutors of the Zurich School of Crystallography, for assistance and guidance with the data collection and structure determination of compound [Cd(L1)2]2 and Prof. Davit Zargarian, Chemistry Department of the Universite de Montreal for their support with the X-ray facility for [Cd(L2)2]2.

Anadolu Üniversitesi ve Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi tarafından ortak yürütülen program. Polifosfazenler fonksiyonel gruplarla kolaylıkla ve çeşitli yöntemlerle reaksiyon verip farklı özellikte bileşikler oluşturabilmektedir. Polifosfazenlerin kontrollü ilaç salımı, enzim aktiviteleri, cerrahi malzemeler, hidrofob-hidrofil malzemeler, sıvı kristal olarak teknolojik ürünler, sensörler, termal dayanıklı malzemeler, iyon transfer membranlar, katalizör destek vb. uygulamaları bulunmaktadır. Bundan dolayı çalışma alanları zamanla gelişen bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada, o-dianisidin ve 3,3'-diaminobenzidin türevli bazı polifosfazen bileşiklerinin sentezi ve yapılarının aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır. Çöktürme polimerizasyonu yöntemine göre, o-dianisidin ve 3,3’- diaminobenzidin monomerleri ile trimer (N₃P₃Cl₆) ve tetramer’in (N₄P₄Cl₈) farklı oranlarda reaksiyonlarından siklomatriks yapıda polifosfazen mikro/nanoküreler elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunlardan o-dianisidin-trimer (ters oran) denemesi ve 3,3’- diaminobenzidin-tetramer (düz oran) denemeleri dışındaki diğer denemelerden mikro/nanoküreler sentezlenmiştir. Oluşan ürünlerin yapıları SEM, FT-IR ve XRD spektral yöntemleri ile analiz edilerek karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır Polyphosphazenes can react with functional groups easily and by various methods to form compounds of different properties. Controlled drug release of polyphosphazenes, enzyme activities, surgical materials, hydrophobic-hydrophilic materials, technological products as liquid crystals, sensors, thermal resistant materials, ion transfer membranes, catalyst support etc. applications. Therefore, the fields of study are compounds that develop over time. In this study, the synthesis and structure of some polyphosphazene compounds derived from o-dianisidine and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine are aimed. According to the precipitation polymerization method, it was tried to obtain cyclomatrix polyphosphazene micro/nano spheres in different ratios from the reactions of o-dianisidine and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine monomers and trimer (N₃P₃Cl₆) and tetramer (N₄P₄Cl₈). Of these, microspheres were synthesized from the other experiments except o-dianisidine-trimer (reverse ratio) and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine-tetramer (straight ratio). The structures of the products were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR and XRD spectral methods and their characterizations were made.