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Surface flattening plays an important role in the whole process of garment design. We proposed a novel method by using three-dimensional triangle mesh flattening in this study. First, the three-dimensional triangle mesh is flattened to a two-dimensional plane to approximate the original surface. The initial flattening results are then used as preliminary guesses for subsequent optimizations. Considering that the deformation energy in the real woven fabric is related to tensile or shear deformation, a simplified fabric deformation model based on energy is proposed to update the energy distribution to determine the best two-dimensional pattern. An innovative unified axis system process is proposed to obtain the deformation energy, and energy relaxation in local flattening is proposed to release the distortion of flattening. Finally, the experimental results show that complex surfaces such as garments could achieve better flattening results. Compared with other energy-based methods in garment design, our proposed methods are more flexible and practical.

COSINE software package provides various functions in thermal-hydraulic analysis of pressurized water reactor (PWR) after years of development. In order to meet the engineering design and safety analysis requirements of the advanced passive reactor CAP1400, the multiphase field sub-channel code with higher calculation accuracy was developed based on the homogeneous sub-channel program (cosSUBC) in COSINE software package. The multiphase sub-channel code contained 11 basic equations including the mass conservation equations of the vapor, continuous liquid, and droplet, the axial momentum conservation equations of the gas, continuous liquid phase, droplet phase, the transverse momentum conservation equation of the gas, continuous liquid, and droplet, and the energy conservation equations of the gas and total liquid phases. The continuous liquid and the droplet were in energy equilibrium states in one cell was assumed, therefore the continuous liquid and droplet were merged into total liquid phases in energy conservation equation. The constitutive relation models between different phases were introduced in the code to realize the closure of the basic equations, the staggered discrete format in space and a semi-implicit time discrete format were adopted in multiphase field sub-channel code. The typical test cases and representative experiments were modeled and calculated in this paper to verify the calculation capability of the code. First, the test of droplet behavior was modeled to verify the correctness of droplet model adopted in the code. Then the turbulent mixing experiment was modeled to verify the correctness of turbulent mixing model used in the code. In the end, the wall heat transfer experiment and the reflooding process experiment were modeled to verify the simulation ability in the heat transfer regime especially in the post critical heat flux (post-CHF) condition. The results show that the droplet behaviors including the generation and the flow distribution of droplet phase are in good agreement with the reference code. And the code can well simulate the flow distribution phenomenon according the comparison between the calculation results and experimental data in flow distribution experiment and the turbulent mixing experiment. Besides, the code can well simulate the distribution of the wall temperature and the reflooding process in the post-CHF and heat transfer condition. Therefore, the calculation of the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the core of reactor by the multiphase field sub-channel code is reasonable and right, and the code has the ability to calculate and simulate the thermal-hydraulic conditions in the core of PWR.

We attempt to investigate how and when foreign direct investment (FDI) impacts different types of environmental pollution in host countries. Using provincial data from China between 1995 and 2015, we find that FDI mitigates air pollution, yet it has insignificant effect on water and solid pollution. We further reveal that it is the combination of the technology, scale and structure effects that jointly determines the impact of FDI on environmental pollution. Among them, the technology effect takes the most dominant role, followed by the scale effect and structure effect. In addition, by considering the time effect on environmental policy change, we suggest that the pollution halo effect mainly occurs after air pollution policy revision. Our findings provide insight on the complex mechanisms and theoretical boundary of FDI on different types of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]