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45 results on '"Zastrau, Ulf"'

1. Formation of high-aspect-ratio nanocavity in LiF crystal using a femtosecond of x-ray FEL pulse

Author

Makarov, Sergey S., Grigoryev, Sergey A., Zhakhovsky, Vasily V., Chuprov, Petr, Pikuz, Tatiana A., Inogamov, Nail A., Khokhlov, Victor V., Petrov, Yuri V., Perov, Eugene, Shepelev, Vadim, Shobu, Takehisa, Tominaga, Aki, Rapp, Ludovic, Rode, Andrei V., Juodkazis, Saulius, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, István, Vozda, Vojtech, Hajkova, Vera, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Juha, Libor, Ozaki, Norimasa, Kodama, Ryosuke, Zastrau, Ulf, and Pikuz, Sergey A.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Sub-picosecond optical laser processing of metals is actively utilized for modification of a heated surface layer. But for deeper modification of different materials a laser in the hard x-ray range is required. Here, we demonstrate that a single 9-keV x-ray pulse from a free-electron laser can form a um-diameter cylindrical cavity with length of ~1 mm in LiF surrounded by shock-transformed material. The plasma-generated shock wave with TPa-level pressure results in damage, melting and polymorphic transformations of any material, including transparent and non-transparent to conventional optical lasers. Moreover, cylindrical shocks can be utilized to obtain a considerable amount of exotic high-pressure polymorphs. Pressure wave propagation in LiF, radial material flow, formation of cracks and voids are analyzed via continuum and atomistic simulations revealing a sequence of processes leading to the final structure with the long cavity. Similar results can be produced with semiconductors and ceramics, which opens a new pathway for development of laser material processing with hard x-ray pulses.

Published
2024

2. Effects of Mosaic Crystal Instrument Functions on X-ray Thomson Scattering Diagnostics

Author

Gawne, Thomas, Bellenbaum, Hannah, Fletcher, Luke B., Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Bouffetier, Victorien, Brambrink, Erik, Brown, Danielle, Cangi, Attila, Descamps, Adrien, Göde, Sebastian, Hartley, Nicholas J., Herbert, Marie-Luise, Hesselbach, Philipp, Höppner, Hauke, Humphries, Oliver S., Konôpková, Zuzana, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Lindqvist, Björn, Lütgert, Julian, MacDonald, Michael J., Makita, Mikako, Martin, Willow, Mishchenko, Mikhail, Moldabekov, Zhandos A., Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Naedler, Jean-Paul, Neumayer, Paul, Pelka, Alexander, Qu, Chongbing, Randolph, Lisa, Rips, Johannes, Toncian, Toma, Vorberger, Jan, Wollenweber, Lennart, Zastrau, Ulf, Kraus, Dominik, Preston, Thomas R., and Dornheim, Tobias

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Mosaic crystals, with their high integrated reflectivities, are widely-employed in spectrometers used to diagnose high energy density systems. X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool of these systems, providing in principle direct access to important properties such as the temperature via detailed balance. However, the measured XRTS spectrum is broadened by the spectrometer instrument function (IF), and without careful consideration of the IF one risks misdiagnosing system conditions. Here, we consider in detail the IF of 40 $\mu$m and 100 $\mu$m mosaic HAPG crystals, and how the broadening varies across the spectrometer in an energy range of 6.7-8.6 keV. Notably, we find a strong asymmetry in the shape of the IF towards higher energies. As an example, we consider the effect of the asymmetry in the IF on the temperature inferred via XRTS for simulated 80 eV CH plasmas, and find that the temperature can be overestimated if an approximate symmetric IF is used. We therefore expect a detailed consideration of the full IF will have an important impact on system properties inferred via XRTS in both forward modelling and model-free approaches., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures

Published
2024

3. New bounds on heavy axions with an X-ray free electron laser

Author

Halliday, Jack W. D., Marocco, Giacomo, Beyer, Konstantin A., Heaton, Charles, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Preston, Thomas R., Arrowsmith, Charles D., Baehtz, Carsten, Goede, Sebastian, Humphries, Oliver, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Plackett, Richard, Svensson, Pontus, Vacalis, Georgios, Wark, Justin, Wood, Daniel, Zastrau, Ulf, Bingham, Robert, Shipsey, Ian, Sarkar, Subir, and Gregori, Gianluca

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present new exclusion bounds obtained at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser facility (EuXFEL) on axion-like particles (ALPs) in the mass range 10^{-3} eV < m_a < 10^{4} eV. Our experiment exploits the Primakoff effect via which photons can, in the presence of a strong external electric field, decay into axions, which then convert back into photons after passing through an opaque wall. While similar searches have been performed previously at a 3^rd generation synchrotron [1], our work demonstrates improved sensitivity, exploiting the higher brightness of X-rays at EuXFEL., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

4. X-ray induced grain boundary formation and grain rotation in Bi2Se3

Author

Katagiri, Kento, Kozioziemski, Bernard, Folsom, Eric, Göde, Sebastian, Wang, Yifan, Appel, Karen, Chalise, Darshan, Cook, Philip K., Eggert, Jon, Howard, Marylesa, Kim, Sungwon, Konôpková, Zuzana, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Nielsen, Martin M., Pelka, Alexander, Poulsen, Henning F., Preston, Thomas R., Reddy, Tharun, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Seiboth, Frank, Simons, Hugh, Wang, Bihan, Yang, Wenge, Zastrau, Ulf, Kim, Hyunjung, and Dresselhaus-Marais, Leora E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Optimizing grain boundary characteristics in polycrystalline materials can improve their properties. Many processing methods have been developed for grain boundary manipulation, including the use of intense radiation in certain applications. In this work, we used X-ray free electron laser pulses to irradiate single-crystalline bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) and observed grain boundary formation and subsequent grain rotation in response to the X-ray radiation. Our observations with simultaneous transmission X-ray microscopy and X-ray diffraction demonstrate how intense X- ray radiation can rapidly change size and texture of grains., Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures including 6 supplemental figures

Published
2024

5. Ultrahigh Resolution X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements at the European XFEL

Author

Gawne, Thomas, Moldabekov, Zhandos A., Humphries, Oliver S., Appel, Karen, Bähtz, Carsten, Bouffetier, Victorien, Brambrink, Erik, Cangi, Attila, Göde, Sebastian, Konôpková, Zuzana, Makita, Mikako, Mishchenko, Mikhail, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Ramakrishna, Kushal, Randolph, Lisa, Schwalbe, Sebastian, Vorberger, Jan, Wollenweber, Lennart, Zastrau, Ulf, Dornheim, Tobias, and Preston, Thomas R.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Using a novel ultrahigh resolution ($\Delta E \sim 0.1\,$eV) setup to measure electronic features in x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments at the European XFEL in Germany, we have studied the collective plasmon excitation in aluminium at ambient conditions, which we can measure very accurately even at low momentum transfers. As a result, we can resolve previously reported discrepancies between ab initio time-dependent density functional theory simulations and experimental observations. The demonstrated capability for high-resolution XRTS measurements will be a game changer for the diagnosis of experiments with matter under extreme densities, temperatures, and pressures, and unlock the full potential of state-of-the-art x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities to study planetary interior conditions, to understand inertial confinement fusion applications, and for material science and discovery.

Published
2024

6. Cylindrical compression of thin wires by irradiation with a Joule-class short pulse laser

Author

Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Yang, Long, Bouffetier, Victorien, Apple, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Hagemann, Johannes, Höppner, Hauke, Humphries, Oliver, Mishchenko, Mikhail, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Preston, Thomas R., Randolph, Lisa, Zastrau, Ulf, Cowan, Thomas E., Huang, Lingen, and Toncian, Toma

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Equation of state measurements at Jovian or stellar conditions are currently conducted by dynamic shock compression driven by multi-kilojoule multi-beam nanosecond-duration lasers. These experiments require precise design of the target and specific tailoring of the spatial and temporal laser profiles to reach the highest pressures. At the same time, the studies are limited by the low repetition rate of the lasers. Here, we show that by the irradiation of a thin wire with single beam Joule-class short-pulse laser, a converging cylindrical shock is generated compressing the wire material to conditions relevant for the above applications. The shockwave was observed using Phase Contrast Imaging employing a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser with unprecedented temporal and spatial sensitivity. The data collected for Cu wires is in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of an ablative shock launched by a highly-impulsive and transient resistive heating of the wire surface. The subsequent cylindrical shockwave travels towards the wire axis and is predicted to reach a compression factor of 9 and pressures above 800 Mbar. Simulations for astrophysical relevant materials underline the potential of this compression technique as a new tool for high energy density studies at high repetition rates.

Published
2024

7. Speed of sound in methane under conditions of planetary interiors

Author

White, Thomas G., Poole, Hannah, McBride, Emma E., Oliver, Matthew, Descamps, Adrien, Fletcher, Luke B., Angermeier, W. Alex, Allen, Cameron H., Appel, Karen, Condamine, Florian P., Curry, Chandra B., Dallari, Francesco, Funk, Stefan, Galtier, Eric, Gamboa, Eliseo J., Gauthier, Maxence, Graham, Peter, Goede, Sebastian, Haden, Daniel, Kim, Jongjin B., Lee, Hae Ja, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Richardson, Scott, Rigby, Alex, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Witte, Bastian L., Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, Ulf, Nagler, Bob, Hastings, J. B., Monaco, Giulio, Gericke, Dirk O., Glenzer, Siegfried H., and Gregori, Gianluca

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present direct observations of acoustic waves in warm dense matter. We analyze wave-number- and energy-resolved x-ray spectra taken from warm dense methane created by laser heating a cryogenic liquid jet. X-ray diffraction and inelastic free-electron scattering yield sample conditions of 0.3$\pm$0.1 eV and 0.8$\pm$0.1 g/cm$^3$, corresponding to a pressure of $\sim$13 GPa. Inelastic x-ray scattering was used to observe the collective oscillations of the ions. With a highly improved energy resolution of $\sim$50 meV, we could clearly distinguish the Brillouin peaks from the quasielastic Rayleigh feature. Data at different wave numbers were utilized to derive a sound speed of 5.9$\pm$0.5 km/s, marking a high-temperature data point for methane and demonstrating consistency with Birch's law in this parameter regime., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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8. Ultra-fast yttrium hydride chemistry at high pressures via non-equilibrium states induced by x-ray free electron laser

Author

Siska, Emily, Smith, G. Alexander, Villa-Cortes, Sergio, Conway, Lewis J., Husband, Rachel J., Van Cleave, Joshua, Petitgirard, Sylvain, Cerantola, Valerio, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Bouffetier, Victorien, Dwiwedi, Anand, Göde, Sebastian, Gorkhover, Taisia, Konopkova, Zuzana, Hosseini, Mohammad, Kuschel, Stephan, Laurus, Torsten, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Strohm, Cornelius, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, Zastrau, Ulf, Smith, Dean, Lawler, Keith V., Pickard, Chris J., Schwartz, Craig P., and Salamat, Ashkan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Controlling the formation and stoichiometric content of desired phases of materials has become a central interest for the study of a variety of fields, notably high temperature superconductivity under extreme pressures. The further possibility of accessing metastable states by initiating reactions by x-ray triggered mechanisms over ultra-short timescales is enabled with the development of x-ray free electron lasers (XFEL). Utilizing the exceptionally high brilliance x-ray pulses from the EuXFEL, we report the synthesis of a previously unobserved yttrium hydride under high pressure, along with non-stoichiometric changes in hydrogen content as probed at a repetition rate of 4.5\,MHz using time-resolved x-ray diffraction. Exploiting non-equilibrium pathways we synthesize and characterize a hydride with yttrium cations in an \textit{A}15 structure type at 125\,GPa, predicted using crystal structure searches, with a hydrogen content between 4.0--5.75 hydrogens per cation, that is enthalpically metastable on the convex hull. We demonstrate a tailored approach to changing hydrogen content using changes in x-ray fluence that is not accessible using conventional synthesis methods, and reveals a new paradigm in metastable chemical physics.

Published
2023

9. Ultrahigh resolution x-ray Thomson scattering measurements at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser

Author

Gawne, Thomas, primary, Moldabekov, Zhandos A., additional, Humphries, Oliver S., additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Bouffetier, Victorien, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Cangi, Attila, additional, Göde, Sebastian, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Mishchenko, Mikhail, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Ramakrishna, Kushal, additional, Randolph, Lisa, additional, Schwalbe, Sebastian, additional, Vorberger, Jan, additional, Wollenweber, Lennart, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Dornheim, Tobias, additional, and Preston, Thomas R., additional

Published
2024
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10. MHz free electron laser x-ray diffraction and modeling of pulsed laser heated diamond anvil cell.

Author

Jaisle, Nicolas, Cébron, David, Konôpková, Zuzana, Husband, Rachel J, Prescher, Clemens, Cerantola, Valerio, Dwivedi, Anand, Kaa, Johannes M., Appel, Karen, Buakor, Khachiwan, Ball, Orianna B., McWilliams, Ryan S., Strohm, Cornelius, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Zastrau, Ulf, Baehtz, Carsten, Anna Baron, Marzena, Edmund, Eric, Biswas, Joydipa, and McHardy, James D.

Subjects
DIAMOND anvil cell, X-ray lasers, FREE electron lasers, PULSED lasers, X-ray diffraction, LIQUIDUS temperature, THERMAL stresses
Abstract

A new diamond anvil cell experimental approach has been implemented at the European x-ray Free Electron Laser, combining pulsed laser heating with MHz x-ray diffraction. Here, we use this setup to determine liquidus temperatures under extreme conditions, based on the determination of time-resolved crystallization. The focus is on a Fe-Si-O ternary system, relevant for planetary cores. This time-resolved diagnostic is complemented by a finite-element model, reproducing temporal temperature profiles measured experimentally using streaked optical pyrometry. This model calculates the temperature and strain fields by including (i) pressure and temperature dependencies of material properties, and (ii) the heat-induced thermal stress, including feedback effect on material parameter variations. Making our model more realistic, these improvements are critical as they give 7000 K temperature differences compared to previous models. Laser intensities are determined by seeking minimal deviation between measured and modeled temperatures. Combining models and streak optical pyrometry data extends temperature determination below detection limit. The presented approach can be used to infer the liquidus temperature by the appearance of SiO 2 diffraction spots. In addition, temperatures obtained by the model agree with crystallization temperatures reported for Fe–Si alloys. Our model reproduces the planetary relevant experimental conditions, providing temperature, pressure, and volume conditions. Those predictions are then used to determine liquidus temperatures at experimental timescales where chemical migration is limited. This synergy of novel time-resolved experiments and finite-element modeling pushes further the interpretation capabilities in diamond anvil cell experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Cylindrical compression of thin wires by irradiation with a Joule-class short-pulse laser.

Author

Laso Garcia, Alejandro, Yang, Long, Bouffetier, Victorien, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Hagemann, Johannes, Höppner, Hauke, Humphries, Oliver, Kluge, Thomas, Mishchenko, Mikhail, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Preston, Thomas R., Randolph, Lisa, Zastrau, Ulf, Cowan, Thomas E., Huang, Lingen, and Toncian, Toma

Subjects
HARD X-rays, BLOOD coagulation factor IX, COPPER, ENERGY density, ENERGY research, FREE electron lasers
Abstract

Equation of state measurements at Jovian or stellar conditions are currently conducted by dynamic shock compression driven by multi-kilojoule multi-beam nanosecond-duration lasers. These experiments require precise design of the target and specific tailoring of the spatial and temporal laser profiles to reach the highest pressures. At the same time, the studies are limited by the low repetition rate of the lasers. Here, we show that by the irradiation of a thin wire with single-beam Joule-class short-pulse laser, a converging cylindrical shock is generated compressing the wire material to conditions relevant to the above applications. The shockwave was observed using Phase Contrast Imaging employing a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser with unprecedented temporal and spatial sensitivity. The data collected for Cu wires is in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of an ablative shock launched by highly impulsive and transient resistive heating of the wire surface. The subsequent cylindrical shockwave travels toward the wire axis and is predicted to reach a compression factor of 9 and pressures above 800 Mbar. Simulations for astrophysical relevant materials underline the potential of this compression technique as a new tool for high energy density studies at high repetition rates. Hard X-ray free electron lasers allow new insights into dense matter dynamics. Here, the authors show that a single-beam, short-pulse laser can generate a converging cylindrical shock in a thin wire, providing a new method for high energy density research with improved repetition rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Damage threshold of LiF crystal irradiated by femtosecond hard XFEL pulse sequence

Author

Makarov, Sergey, primary, Grigoryev, Sergey, additional, Inogamov, Nail, additional, Filippov, Evgeny, additional, Pikuz, Tatiana, additional, Ozaki, Norimasa, additional, Ishino, Masahiko, additional, Nishikino, Masaharu, additional, Dinh, Thanh-Hung, additional, Kawachi, Tetsuya, additional, Zanaveskin, Maxim, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Konopkova, Zuzana, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Mohacsi, István, additional, Vozda, Vojtech, additional, Hajkova, Vera, additional, Burian, Tomas, additional, Chalupsky, Jaromir, additional, Juha, Libor, additional, Zhakhovsky, Vasily, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Pikuz, Sergey, additional

Published
2023
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13. A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell

Author

Husband, Rachel J., primary, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Ball, Orianna B., additional, Briggs, Richard, additional, Buchen, Johannes, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Chariton, Stella, additional, Coleman, Amy L., additional, Cynn, Hyunchae, additional, Dattelbaum, Dana, additional, Dwivedi, Anand, additional, Eggert, Jon H., additional, Ehm, Lars, additional, Evans, William J., additional, Glazyrin, Konstantin, additional, Goncharov, Alexander F., additional, Graafsma, Heinz, additional, Howard, Alex, additional, Huston, Larissa, additional, Hutchinson, Trevor M., additional, Hwang, Huijeong, additional, Jacob, Sony, additional, Kaa, Johannes, additional, Kim, Jaeyong, additional, Kim, Minseob, additional, Koemets, Egor, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Langenhorst, Falko, additional, Laurus, Torsten, additional, Li, Xinyang, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Marquardt, Hauke, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, McGuire, Christopher, additional, McHardy, James D., additional, McMahon, Malcolm I., additional, McWilliams, R. Stewart, additional, Méndez, Alba S. J., additional, Mondal, Anshuman, additional, Morard, Guillaume, additional, O'Bannon, Earl F., additional, Otzen, Christoph, additional, Pépin, Charles M., additional, Prakapenka, Vitali B., additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Roeper, Michael, additional, Sanchez-Valle, Carmen, additional, Smith, Dean, additional, Smith, Raymond F., additional, Sneed, Daniel, additional, Speziale, Sergio, additional, Spitzbart, Tobias, additional, Stern, Stephan, additional, Sturtevant, Blake T., additional, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, additional, Talkovski, Peter, additional, Velisavljevic, Nenad, additional, Vennari, Cara, additional, Wu, Zhongyan, additional, Yoo, Choong-Shik, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Jenei, Zsolt, additional, and Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional

Published
2023
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14. Evidence of shock-compressed stishovite above 300 GPa

Author

Schoelmerich, Markus O., Tschentscher, Thomas, Bhat, Shrikant, Bolme, Cindy A., Cunningham, Eric, Farla, Robert, Galtier, Eric, Gleason, Arianna E., Harmand, Marion, Inubushi, Yuichi, Katagiri, Kento, Miyanishi, Kohei, Nagler, Bob, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Redmer, Ronald, Smith, Ray F., Tobase, Tsubasa, Togashi, Tadashi, Tracy, Sally J., Umeda, Yuhei, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yabuuchi, Toshinori, Zastrau, Ulf, and Appel, Karen

Published
2020
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15. A von Hámos spectrometer for diamond anvil cell experiments at the High Energy Density Instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Kaa, Johannes M., primary, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Sahle, Christoph J., additional, Förster, Mirko, additional, Albers, Christian, additional, Libon, Lélia, additional, Sakrowski, Robin, additional, Wollenweber, Lennart, additional, Buakor, Khachiwan, additional, Dwivedi, Anand, additional, Mishchenko, Mikhail, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Plückthun, Christian, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Spiekermann, Georg, additional, Thiering, Nicola, additional, Petitgirard, Sylvain, additional, Tolan, Metin, additional, Wilke, Max, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Appel, Karen, additional, and Sternemann, Christian, additional

Published
2023
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16. Direct LiF imaging diagnostics on refractive X-ray focusing at the EuXFEL High Energy Density instrument

Author

Makarov, S, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pikuz, T, Ozaki, N, Preston, T, Appel, K, Konopkova, Z, Cerantola, V, Brambrink, E, Schwinkendorf, J, Mohacsi, I, Burian, T, Chalupsky, J, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Nagler, B, Zastrau, U, Pikuz, S, Makarov, Sergey, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pikuz, Tatiana, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, Istvan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Hajkova, Vera, Juha, Libor, Vozda, Vojtech, Nagler, Bob, Zastrau, Ulf, Pikuz, Sergey, Makarov, S, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pikuz, T, Ozaki, N, Preston, T, Appel, K, Konopkova, Z, Cerantola, V, Brambrink, E, Schwinkendorf, J, Mohacsi, I, Burian, T, Chalupsky, J, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Nagler, B, Zastrau, U, Pikuz, S, Makarov, Sergey, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pikuz, Tatiana, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, Istvan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Hajkova, Vera, Juha, Libor, Vozda, Vojtech, Nagler, Bob, Zastrau, Ulf, and Pikuz, Sergey

Abstract

The application of fluorescent crystal media in wide-range X-ray detectors provides an opportunity to directly image the spatial distribution of ultra-intense X-ray beams including investigation of the focal spot of free-electron lasers. Here the capabilities of the micro- and nano-focusing X-ray refractive optics available at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL are reported, as measured in situ by means of a LiF fluorescent detector placed into and around the beam caustic. The intensity distribution of the beam focused down to several hundred nanometers was imaged at 9 keV photon energy. A deviation from the parabolic surface in a stack of nanofocusing Be compound refractive lenses (CRLs) was found to affect the resulting intensity distribution within the beam. Comparison of experimental patterns in the far field with patterns calculated for different CRL lens imperfections allowed the overall inhomogeneity in the CRL stack to be estimated. The precise determination of the focal spot size and shape on a sub-micrometer level is essential for a number of high energy density studies requiring either a pin-size backlighting spot or extreme intensities for X-ray heating.

Published
2023

17. The Speed of Sound in Methane under Conditions of the Thermal Boundary Layer of Uranus

Author

White, Thomas G., Poole, Hannah, McBride, Emma E., Oliver, Matthew, Descamps, Adrien, Fletcher, Luke B., Angermeier, W. Alex, Allen, Cameron H., Appel, Karen, Condamine, Florian P., Curry, Chandra B., Dallari, Francesco, Funk, Stefan, Galtier, Eric, Gamboa, Eliseo J., Gauthier, Maxence, Graham, Peter, Goede, Sebastian, Haden, Daniel, Kim, Jongjin B., Lee, Hae Ja, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Richardson, Scott, Rigby, Alex, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Witte, Bastian L., Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, Ulf, Nagler, Bob, Hastings, Jerome, Monaco, Giulio, Gericke, Dirk O., Glenzer, Siegfried H., Gregori, Gianluca, White, Thomas G., Poole, Hannah, McBride, Emma E., Oliver, Matthew, Descamps, Adrien, Fletcher, Luke B., Angermeier, W. Alex, Allen, Cameron H., Appel, Karen, Condamine, Florian P., Curry, Chandra B., Dallari, Francesco, Funk, Stefan, Galtier, Eric, Gamboa, Eliseo J., Gauthier, Maxence, Graham, Peter, Goede, Sebastian, Haden, Daniel, Kim, Jongjin B., Lee, Hae Ja, Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Richardson, Scott, Rigby, Alex, Schoenwaelder, Christopher, Sun, Peihao, Witte, Bastian L., Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, Ulf, Nagler, Bob, Hastings, Jerome, Monaco, Giulio, Gericke, Dirk O., Glenzer, Siegfried H., and Gregori, Gianluca

Abstract

We present the first direct observations of acoustic waves in warm dense matter. We analyze wavenumber- and energy-resolved X-ray spectra taken from warm dense methane created by laser-heating a cryogenic liquid jet. X-ray diffraction and inelastic free electron scattering yield sample conditions of 0.3$\pm$0.1 eV and 0.8$\pm$0.1 g/cm$^3$, corresponding to a pressure of $\sim$13 GPa and matching the conditions predicted in the thermal boundary layer between the inner and outer envelope of Uranus. Inelastic X-ray scattering was used to observe the collective oscillations of the ions. With a highly improved energy resolution of $\sim$50 meV, we could clearly distinguish the Brillouin peaks from the quasi-elastic Rayleigh feature. Data at different wavenumbers were used to obtain a sound speed of 5.9$\pm$0.5 km/s, which enabled us to validate the use of Birch's law in this new parameter regime., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures with supplementary information

Published
2023

18. Direct LiF imaging diagnostics on refractive X-ray focusing at the EuXFEL High Energy Density instrument

Author

Makarov, Sergey, primary, Makita, Mikako, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Pikuz, Tatiana, additional, Ozaki, Norimasa, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Konopkova, Zuzana, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Mohacsi, Istvan, additional, Burian, Tomas, additional, Chalupsky, Jaromir, additional, Hajkova, Vera, additional, Juha, Libor, additional, Vozda, Vojtech, additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Pikuz, Sergey, additional

Published
2023
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20. A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell

Author

Husband, Rachel J., Strohm, Cornelius, Appel, Karen, Ball, Orianna B., Briggs, Richard, Buchen, Johannes, Cerantola, Valerio, Chariton, Stella, Coleman, Amy, Cynn, Hyunchae, Dattelbaum, Dana, Dwivedi, Anand, Eggert, Jon H., Ehm, Lars, Evans, William J., Glazyrin, Konstantin, Goncharov, Alexander, Graafsma, Heinz, Howard, Alexander, Huston, Larissa, Hutchinson, Trevor M., Hwang, Huijeong, Jacob, Sony, Kaa, Johannes, Kim, Jaeyong, Kim, Minseob, Koemets, Egor, Konôpková, Zuzana, Langenhorst, Falko, Laurus, Torsten, Li, Xinyang, Mainberger, Jona, Marquardt, Hauke, McBride, Emma E., McGuire, Christopher, McHardy, James, McMahon, Malcolm I., McWilliams, R. Stewart, Méndez, Alba S. J., Mondal, Anshuman, Morard, Guillaume, O'Bannon, Earl, Otzen, Christoph, Pépin, Charles, Prakapenka, Vitali, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas, Redmer, Ronald, Roeper, Michael, Sanchez-Valle, Carmen, Smith, Dean, Smith, Raymond F., Sneed, Daniel, Speziale, Sergio, Spitzbart, Tobias, Stern, Stephan, Sturtevant, Blake, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, Talkovski, Peter, Velisavljevic, Nenad, Vennari, Cara, Wu, Zhongyan, Yoo, Choong-Shik, Zastrau, Ulf, Jenei, Zsolt, and Liermann, Hanns-Peter

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

Journal of synchrotron radiation 30(4), 671 - 685 (2023). doi:10.1107/S1600577523003910, An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research hasbeen developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument at the EuropeanX-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of the highrepetition rate of the European XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) to collect pulse-resolvedMHz X-ray diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed atintermediate strain rates ( 10 3 s1), where up to 352 diffraction images can becollected from a single pulse train. The set-up employs piezo-driven dDACscapable of compressing samples in 340 ms, compatible with the maximumlength of the pulse train (550 ms). Results from rapid compression experimentson a wide range of sample systems with different X-ray scattering powers arepresented. A maximum compression rate of 87 TPa s1 was observed duringthe fast compression of Au, while a strain rate of 1100 s1 was achievedduring the rapid compression of N2 at 23 TPa s1., Published by Wiley-Blackwell, [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]

Published
2023

21. Structural and electron spin state changes in an x-ray heated iron carbonate system at the Earth's lower mantle pressures

Author

Kaa, Johannes M., primary, Sternemann, Christian, additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Albers, Christian, additional, Elbers, Mirko, additional, Libon, Lélia, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Petitgirard, Sylvain, additional, Plückthun, Christian, additional, Roddatis, Vladimir, additional, Sahle, Christoph J., additional, Spiekermann, Georg, additional, Schmidt, Christian, additional, Schreiber, Anja, additional, Sakrowski, Robin, additional, Tolan, Metin, additional, Wilke, Max, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Konôpková, Zuzana, additional

Published
2022
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22. Towards perfectly linearly polarized x-rays

Author

Schulze, Kai S., primary, Grabiger, Benjamin, additional, Loetzsch, Robert, additional, Marx-Glowna, Berit, additional, Schmitt, Annika T., additional, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, additional, Hippler, Willi, additional, Huang, Lingen, additional, Karbstein, Felix, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Uschmann, Ingo, additional, Wille, Hans-Christian, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Röhlsberger, Ralf, additional, Stöhlker, Thomas, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, and Paulus, Gerhard G., additional

Published
2022
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23. Investigation of Nonequilibrium Electronic Dynamics of Warm Dense Copper with Femtosecond X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Author

Lee, Jong-Won, primary, Kim, Minju, additional, Kang, Gyeongbo, additional, Vinko, Sam M., additional, Bae, Leejin, additional, Cho, Min Sang, additional, Chung, Hyun-Kyung, additional, Kim, Minseok, additional, Kwon, Soonnam, additional, Lee, Gyusang, additional, Nam, Chang Hee, additional, Park, Sang Han, additional, Sohn, Jang Hyeob, additional, Yang, Seong Hyeok, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Cho, Byoung Ick, additional

Published
2021
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24. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, Ulf, primary, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Baehr, Oliver, additional, Batchelor, Lewis, additional, Berghäuser, Andreas, additional, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Damker, Horst, additional, Dietrich, Steffen, additional, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, additional, Dreyer, Jörn, additional, Engel, Hans-Olaf, additional, Feldmann, Thomas, additional, Findeisen, Stefan, additional, Foese, Manon, additional, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, additional, Göde, Sebastian, additional, Hassan, Mohammed, additional, Hauser, Jens, additional, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Kaa, Johannes, additional, Kaever, Peter, additional, Knöfel, Klaus, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Laso García, Alejandro, additional, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Martens, Eike-Christian, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Möller, Dominik, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Plueckthun, Christian, additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Röper, Michael, additional, Schmidt, Andreas, additional, Seidel, Wolfgang, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Schoelmerich, Markus O., additional, Schramm, Ulrich, additional, Schropp, Andreas, additional, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, additional, Talkovski, Peter, additional, Thorpe, Ian, additional, Toncian, Monika, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Wollenweber, Lennart, additional, Yamamoto, Shingo, additional, and Tschentscher, Thomas, additional

Published
2021
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26. New frontiers in extreme conditions science at synchrotrons and free electron lasers

Author

Cerantola, V, Rosa, A, Konôpková, Z, Torchio, R, Brambrink, E, Rack, A, Zastrau, U, Pascarelli, S, Cerantola, Valerio, Rosa, Angelika Dorothea, Konôpková, Zuzana, Torchio, Raffaella, Brambrink, Erik, Rack, Alexander, Zastrau, Ulf, Pascarelli, Sakura, Cerantola, V, Rosa, A, Konôpková, Z, Torchio, R, Brambrink, E, Rack, A, Zastrau, U, Pascarelli, S, Cerantola, Valerio, Rosa, Angelika Dorothea, Konôpková, Zuzana, Torchio, Raffaella, Brambrink, Erik, Rack, Alexander, Zastrau, Ulf, and Pascarelli, Sakura

Abstract

Synchrotrons and free electron lasers are unique facilities to probe the atomic structure and electronic properties of matter at extreme thermodynamical conditions. In this context, 'matter at extreme pressures and temperatures' was one of the science drivers for the construction of low emittance 4th generation synchrotron sources such as the Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and hard x-ray free electron lasers, such as the European x-ray free electron laser. These new user facilities combine static high pressure and dynamic shock compression experiments to outstanding high brilliance and submicron beams. This combination not only increases the data-quality but also enlarges tremendously the accessible pressure, temperature and density space. At the same time, the large spectrum of available complementary x-ray diagnostics for static and shock compression studies opens unprecedented insights into the state of matter at extremes. The article aims at highlighting a new horizon of scientific opportunities based on the synergy between extremely brilliant synchrotrons and hard x-ray free electron lasers.

Published
2021

27. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, and Tschentscher, Thomas

Abstract

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Published
2021

29. X-ray Free Electron Laser-Induced Synthesis of ε-Iron Nitride at High Pressures

Author

Hwang, Huijeong, primary, Kim, Taehyun, additional, Cynn, Hyunchae, additional, Vogt, Thomas, additional, Husband, Rachel J., additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Ball, Orianna B., additional, Baron, Marzena A., additional, Briggs, Richard, additional, Bykov, Maxim, additional, Bykova, Elena, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Chantel, Julien, additional, Coleman, Amy L., additional, Dattlebaum, Dana, additional, Dresselhaus-Marais, Leora E., additional, Eggert, Jon H., additional, Ehm, Lars, additional, Evans, William J., additional, Fiquet, Guillaume, additional, Frost, Mungo, additional, Glazyrin, Konstantin, additional, Goncharov, Alexander F., additional, Jenei, Zsolt, additional, Kim, Jaeyong, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Marquardt, Hauke, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, McHardy, James D., additional, Merkel, Sébastien, additional, Morard, Guillaume, additional, O’Bannon, Earl F., additional, Otzen, Christoph, additional, Pace, Edward J., additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Pépin, Charles M., additional, Pigott, Jeffrey S., additional, Prakapenka, Vitali B., additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Redmer, Ronald, additional, Speziale, Sergio, additional, Spiekermann, Georg, additional, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Sturtevant, Blake T., additional, Velisavljevic, Nenad, additional, Wilke, Max, additional, Yoo, Choong-Shik, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional, McMahon, Malcolm I., additional, McWilliams, R. Stewart, additional, and Lee, Yongjae, additional

Published
2021
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31. Double grating shearing interferometry for X-ray free-electron laser beams

Author

Makita, Mikako, primary, Seniutinas, Gediminas, additional, Seaberg, Matthew H., additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, Galtier, Eric C., additional, Liang, Mengning, additional, Aquila, Andrew, additional, Boutet, Sébastien, additional, Hashim, Akel, additional, Hunter, Mark S., additional, van Driel, Tim, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, David, Christian, additional, and Nagler, Bob, additional

Published
2020
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32. A kW-class nanosecond DPSSL operating at 100 J, 10 Hz for high energy density research at the European XFEL (Conference Presentation)

Author

Phillips, P. Jonathan, primary, Mason, Paul, additional, Ertel, Klaus, additional, Smith, Jodie, additional, De-Vido, Mariastefania, additional, Butcher, Thomas, additional, Tomlinson, Steph, additional, Suarez-Merchan, Jorge E., additional, Lintern, Andrew, additional, Costello, Billy, additional, Hollingham, Ian, additional, Norton, Andrew, additional, Tyldesley, Michael, additional, Hernandez-Gomez, Cristina, additional, Edwards, Chris, additional, Collier, John, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Möller, Dominik, additional

Published
2019
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33. 100J-level cryogenic gas cooled DPSSL for high energy density experiments at the European XFEL facility

Author

Banerjee, Saumyabrata, primary, Mason, Paul, additional, Smith, Jodie, additional, Phillips, Jonathan, additional, Butcher, Thomas, additional, Tomlinson, Stephanie, additional, Suarez-Merchan, Jorge, additional, Zata, Tinesimba, additional, Hassan, Mohamed, additional, Hollingham, Ian, additional, Norton, Andrew, additional, Möller, Dominik, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Ertel, Klaus, additional, De. Vido, Mariastefania, additional, Costello, Billy, additional, Lintern, Andrew, additional, Tyldesley, Mike, additional, Hernandez-Gomez, Cristina, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Edwards, Chris, additional, and Collier, John, additional

Published
2018
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35. Integrating high-repetition rate high-energy/high-intensity laser to FEL experiments (Conference Presentation)

Author

Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, primary, Priebe, Gerd, additional, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Goede, Sebastian, additional, Konopkova, Zuzana, additional, Lederer, Max J., additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Tschentscher, Thomas, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Chen, Bolun, additional

Published
2017
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37. Investigations of High-Energy-Density State at European XFEL

Author

Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Appel, Karen, Pelka, Alexander, Priebe, Gerd, Schmidt, Andreas, Thorpe, Ian, Baehtz, C., Cowan, T., Tschentscher, Thomas, and Zastrau, Ulf

Abstract

The High Energy Density Science (HED) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility in Hamburg, Germany, is dedicated to the investigation of a wide range of materials and systems at extreme conditions of pressure, temperature, ionization or electro-magnetic field. For sample excitation a variety of high energy drivers will be installed at this instrument. Three separate optical laser systems will be available for warm- to hot-dense-matter creation, dynamic compression and laser-plasma interaction in electron-relativistic regime. These drivers will allow studying various phase space parameters with time-resolution down to 10 fs, pressures into the TPa regime, and electric field strength up to $10^{20}$ $W/cm^{2}$. In addition, a pulsed-magnet will provide magnetic fields up to 50-60 T. This unique instrument is designed to enable the application of various x-ray probes including spectroscopic, diffraction and imaging methods. It will operate in the photon energy range from 3 to above 20 keV and will feature a variety of platforms facilitating the usage of different techniques in user-driven experiments. Due to the often non-reversible extreme excitation of the samples automated sample replacement schemes will have to be employed.Being on the baseline instrument of European XFEL, first user experiments are planned for 2017. The installation of the high energy and high intensity lasers as well as of the pulsed magnets will be available through contributions by the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) User Consortium.Capabilities planned for the HED instrument together with several science cases are presented.

Published
2015

38. Nanometer resolution optical coherence tomography using broad bandwidth XUV and soft x-ray radiation

Author

Fuchs, Silvio, primary, Rödel, Christian, additional, Blinne, Alexander, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Wünsche, Martin, additional, Hilbert, Vinzenz, additional, Glaser, Leif, additional, Viefhaus, Jens, additional, Frumker, Eugene, additional, Corkum, Paul, additional, Förster, Eckhart, additional, and Paulus, Gerhard G., additional

Published
2016
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39. Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL

Author

Schropp, Andreas, primary, Hoppe, Robert, additional, Meier, Vivienne, additional, Patommel, Jens, additional, Seiboth, Frank, additional, Ping, Yuan, additional, Hicks, Damien G., additional, Beckwith, Martha A., additional, Collins, Gilbert W., additional, Higginbotham, Andrew, additional, Wark, Justin S., additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, Nagler, Bob, additional, Galtier, Eric C., additional, Arnold, Brice, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Hastings, Jerome B., additional, and Schroer, Christian G., additional

Published
2015
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40. The Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source

Author

Nagler, Bob, primary, Arnold, Brice, additional, Bouchard, Gary, additional, Boyce, Richard F., additional, Boyce, Richard M., additional, Callen, Alice, additional, Campell, Marc, additional, Curiel, Ruben, additional, Galtier, Eric, additional, Garofoli, Justin, additional, Granados, Eduardo, additional, Hastings, Jerry, additional, Hays, Greg, additional, Heimann, Philip, additional, Lee, Richard W., additional, Milathianaki, Despina, additional, Plummer, Lori, additional, Schropp, Andreas, additional, Wallace, Alex, additional, Welch, Marc, additional, White, William, additional, Xing, Zhou, additional, Yin, Jing, additional, Young, James, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Lee, Hae Ja, additional

Published
2015
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44. Investigation of Nonequilibrium Electronic Dynamics of Warm Dense Copper with Femtosecond X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

Author

Jong-Won Lee, Minju Kim, Gyeongbo Kang, Vinko, Sam M., Leejin Bae, Min Sang Cho, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Minseok Kim, Soonnam Kwon, Gyusang Lee, Chang-Hee Nam, Sang-Han Park, Jang Hyeob Sohn, Seong Hyeok Yang, Zastrau, Ulf, and Byoung Ick Cho

Subjects
*X-ray spectroscopy, *FEMTOSECOND pulses, *COPPER, *EXCITED states, *ELECTRONIC structure, *X-ray absorption, *ELECTRONS
Abstract

Ultrafast optical excitation of matter leads to highly excited states that are far from equilibrium. In this study, femtosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to visualize the ultrafast dynamics in photoexcited warm dense Cu. The rich dynamical features related to d vacancies are observed on femtosecond timescales. Despite the success in explaining x-ray absorption data in the picosecond regime, the new femtosecond data are poorly understood through the traditional two-temperature model based on the fast thermalization concept and the static electronic structure for high-temperature metals. An improved understanding can be achieved by including the recombination dynamics of nonthermal electrons and changes in the screening of the excited d block. The population balance between the 4sp and 3d bands is mainly determined by the recombination rate of nonthermal electrons, and the underpopulated 3d block is initially strongly downshifted and recovered in several hundreds of femtoseconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Ultrafast Yttrium Hydride Chemistry at High Pressures via Non-equilibrium States Induced by an X-ray Free Electron Laser.

Author

Siska E, Smith GA, Villa-Cortes S, Conway LJ, Husband RJ, Van Cleave J, Petitgirard S, Cerantola V, Appel K, Baehtz C, Bouffetier V, Dwivedi A, Göde S, Gorkhover T, Konopkova Z, Hosseini-Saber SMA, Kuschel S, Laurus T, Nakatsutsumi M, Strohm C, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Zastrau U, Smith D, Lawler KV, Pickard CJ, Schwartz CP, and Salamat A

Abstract

Controlling the formation and stoichiometric content of the desired phases of materials has become of central interest for a variety of fields. The possibility of accessing metastable states by initiating reactions by X-ray-triggered mechanisms over ultrashort time scales has been enabled by the development of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Utilizing the exceptionally high-brilliance X-ray pulses from the EuXFEL, we report the synthesis of a previously unobserved yttrium hydride under high pressure, along with nonstoichiometric changes in hydrogen content as probed at a repetition rate of 4.5 MHz using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Exploiting non-equilibrium pathways, we synthesize and characterize a hydride in a Weaire-Phelan structure type at pressures as low as 125 GPa, predicted using a crystal structure search, with a hydrogen content of 4.0-5.75 hydrogens per cation, that is enthalpically metastable on the convex hull.

Published
2024
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