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Germination can improve the level of the free amino acid, and further improve the nutritious value of the foxtail millet. However, the effect of germination temperature and time on them is still unclear. The free amino acid of the germinated foxtail millet has been analyzed at different germination temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃) and time (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h). Results reveal that 21 components of free amino acids increased. The lower temperature or higher temperature is not suitable for the accumulation of the free amino acid. The free amino acids increase to the maximum at the germination temperature of 30 ℃ for 30 h. The total free amino acids and total essential free amino acids can reach (810.7±69.0) and (367.8± 30.2) mg/100g, respectively. Among the amino acids, the contents of alanine and threonine increase to the highest level. The alanine has increased to (120.0±12.0) and (115.0±14.0) mg/100g at the temperature of 30 and 35 ℃, respectively. The threonine has increased to (106.0±1.0) mg/100g at the temperature of 35 ℃. The γ-aminobutyric acid reaches the maximum level at the germination temperature of 35 ℃ and reaches (60.1±1.8) mg/100g. In conclusion, the germination can promote the increase of the free amino acid and adjust the nutrition of the foxtail millet, and the germinated foxtail millet is a potential source for functional food.

Neurological diseases in the central nervous system are mostly characterized by the failure of endogenous repair to restore tissue damage and salvage lost function. Currently, studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation provides a good therapeutic effect on neurological diseases. For this reason, neural stem cell transplantation has been explored as a cell replacement therapy. Although transplanted cells can replace cells lost during or post central nervous system injury, many studies have shown that this mechanism is insufficient as most of these newly formed cells fail to integrate and eventually die. Although it was initially thought that neural stem cell could only replace lost cells, recent experiments have shown that transplanted neural stem cell can also play bystander roles such as neuroprotection and immune regulation, promote tissue repair by preventing tissue damage, interfere with pathogenic processes, or by rescuing endogenous nerve cells. However, compelling evidence has raised concerns about this bystander effect, which can be caused by several biologically active molecules (collectively known as the secretome) produced by neural stem cells. These results also raise the possibility of the neural stem cell secretome as a potential candidate for neural stem cell transplantation therapies based on the bystander effect. A better understanding of the molecules and mechanisms of this effect is of critical importance for neural stem cell-based therapies. This review aims to discuss the function and application of neural stem cell secretome in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To observe the effects and mechanisms of Apelin-13 on expression of pyroptosis related proteins in aorta of diabetic mice. Methods C57/BL mice of eight weeks old were used as control group;kkAy mice of eight weeks old were used as type 2 diabetic models;osmotic pumps were used to treat kkAy mice with apelin-13 at a rate of 30 μg/(kg·d),and L-NAME(eNOS inhibitor) was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·d) to kkAy mice. Blood was collected for detection of Hb1Ac. The aortae were harvested and fixed. Morphological changes were observed with HE staining. Expression of eNOS,NLRP3,caspase-1 and gasdermin D were measured with immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared to the control group, the level of eNOS in the aorta of diabetic mice was significantly higher than that in control mice (P＜0.05),the levels of NLRP3,caspase-1 and gasdermin D were also higher than that in control mice. After apelin-13 treatment,the expressions of eNOS,NLRP3,caspase-1 and gasdermin D were further increased (P＜0.05). After L-NAME and apelin-13 treatment, the expressions of eNOS, NLRP3,caspase-1 and gasdermin D were reduced as compared to apelin-13 treatment alone(P＜0.05). Conclusions Apelin-13 may promote the expression of pyroptosis related protein in aortic cells by increasing eNOS/NO pathway,which would induce structural and functional damage in diabetic arteries.

Based on two-band isotropic Ginzburg-Landau theory, we study the temperature dependence of upper critical field and London penetration depth for non-centrosymmetric superconductor LaNi[C.sub.2]. All the theoretical calculations fit the experimental data very well, especially the upward curvature of upper critical field near the critical temperature. Our results thus indicate that the two-gap scenario is better to account for the superconductivity of LaNi[C.sub.2], and the Cooper pairs of this superconductor are in the conventional s-wave state. Key words: non-centrosymmetric superconductor, Ginzburg-Landau theory, upper critical field, London penetration depth. Sur la base de la theorie isotrope a deux bandes de Ginzberg-Landau, nous etudions la dependance en temperature du champ critique superieur et de la profondeur de la penetration de Landau pour le supraconducteur non centro-symetrique LaNi[C.sub.2]. Tous les calculs theoriques sont en tres bon accord avec les valeurs experimentales, specialement la courbure superieure du champ critique superieur pres de la temperature critique. Nos resultats indiquent ainsi que le scenario a deux bandes est le meilleur pour decrire la supraconductivite de LaNi[C.sub.2] et que la paire de Cooper est dans l'etat conventionnel de l'onde s. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: supraconducteur non centro-symetrique, theorie de Ginzberg-Landau, champ critique superieur, profondeur de la penetration de London, scenario a deux bandes., 1. Introduction In the past 10 years, non-centrosymmetric superconductors have gained huge interest since the discovery of superconductivity in heavy-fermion material Ce[Pt.sub.3]Si [1]. For the superconductors with unbroken inversion symmetry, [...]

As an internal driving force to promote economic growth, residents’ consumption also has an important impact on energy consumption. Based on the difference of consumption structure between urban and rural residents, this paper introduces the income gap variable of urban and rural residents, analyzes the impact of urban and rural residents’ consumption on energy consumption, and provides reference for the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction policies. On this basis, the author believes that the government should take flexible measures to control energy consumption according to the differences between urban and rural areas, make accurate efforts, and steadily promote the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Two novel microporous anionic lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), namely {[(CH3)2NH2][Ln(bptc)]·2H2O}n (Ln = Gd (1) and Dy (2), H4bptc = biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid) with a new 4,8-connected topology have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Ln-MOF 1 shows a significant magnetocaloric effect with −ΔS maxm = 26.37 J kg−1 K−1 at 2 K for ΔH = 7 T, and a high proton conductivity of 1.02 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 323 K and 90% RH. Moreover, Ln-MOF 1 shows specific selective adsorption of the cationic dye Rhodamine B. Ln-MOF 2 exhibits field-induced slow magnetic relaxation with an energy barrier (Ueff) of 48.19 K, characteristic emission of Dy3+, and selective adsorption of Rhodamine B. Therefore, 2 is a multifunctional Ln-MOF with magnetic, fluorescence and selective adsorption properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]