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Background: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is the most important regulatory mechanism by which right-to-left shunts decrease during one-lung ventilation (OLV), but the effects of pulmonary microarterial thrombosis and impaired HPV after SARS-CoV-2 infection on intrapulmonary shunt during OLV remain unknown. The aim of this study was to observe the changes of intrapulmonary shunt in patients undergoing thoracoscopic partial pneumonectomy at different periods after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection history. Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent elective thoracoscopic partial lung resection and were classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grades I-II were selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 20 in each group): patients not infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Group A), patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 5–8 weeks (Group B), patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 9–12 weeks (Group C), and patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 13–16 weeks (Group D). For all patients, the same anaesthesia method was adopted, and anaesthesia was maintained with propofol, remifentanil, and cisatracurium. Radial artery and mixed venous blood gases were measured at 10 min of two-lung ventilation (TLV), 15 min of one-lung ventilation (OLV15), and 30 min of OLV (OLV30) in the lateral recumbent position to calculate the intrapulmonary shunt. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the association between intrapulmonary shunt and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Qs/Qt at TLV was significantly higher in Groups B and C than in Group A (P < 0.05), and PaO2 at TLV was significantly lower in Groups B and C than in Group A (P < 0.05). Qs/Qt values at OLV15 and OLV30 were significantly higher in Group B, C or D than in Group A (P < 0.05), and PaO2 values at OLV15 and OLV30 were significantly lower in Groups B, C or D than in Group A (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection (95%CI -4.245 to -0.679, P = 0.007) was an independent risk factor for increased intrapulmonary shunt during TLV, while SARS-CoV-2 infection (95%CI 0.124 to 3.661, P = 0.036), exacerbation of COVID-19 clinical classification (95%CI -5.203 to -1.139, P = 0.003), and persistent symptoms (95%CI -12.122 to -5.522, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for increased intrapulmonary shunt during OLV after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection increased intrapulmonary shunt and reduced oxygenation. Although oxygenation improved at TLV after 13–16 weeks of infection, intrapulmonary shunt and oxygenation under OLV took longer to recover. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Retrospectively registered, Full date of first registration: 17/05/2023, Registration number: ChiCTR2300071539. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar is crucial as an essential nutrient for humans as well as for providing texture, sweetness and so on to food. But with the rise in people's pursuit of health, it is becoming increasingly clear that excessive consumption of sugar can locate a load on the body. It has been that excessive sugar is associated with many diseases, such as dental caries, obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Therefore, researchers and industries are trying to reduce or substitute sugar in food without affecting the sensory evaluation. Substituting sugar with sweeteners is alternatively becoming the most traditional way to minimize its use. So far, the sweeteners such as stevia and xylitol have been are commercially applied. Several studies have shown that technological innovation can partially compensate for the loss in sweetness as a result of sugar reduction, such as cross-modal interactions that stimulate sweetness with aroma, nanofiltration that filters disaccharides and above, enzyme-catalyzed sugar hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation that turns sugar into sugar alcohol. This review summarizes these studies to enhance the safety and quality of sugar-reduced products, and will provide some theoretical frameworks for the food industry to reduce sugar in foods, meet consumers' needs, and promote human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large yellow croaker is highly perishable during storage because of high protein and moisture content. The degradation of the fish is mainly attributed to microbial growth and enzyme activity, so it is important to find an efficient storage method to extend its shelf life. Methodology: This study investigated the effect of a low‐voltage electrostatic field combined with partial freezing treatment on the physicochemical properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) and metabolomic analysis of large yellow croaker during preservation. The samples in chilled storage (C), partial freezing storage (PF) and 6 kV/m low‐voltage electrostatic field partial freezing storage (LVEF‐PF) were analyzed during an 18 day storage period. Results: In comparison with the C and PF groups, LVEF‐PF delayed the oxidation of MP by inhibiting the formation of carbonyl groups (2.25 nmol/mg pro), and maintaining higher sulfhydryl content (29.73 nmol/mg pro). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also demonstrated that the LVEF‐PF treatment maintained the stability of the protein structure by increasing the a‐helix ratio (19.88%) and reducing the random coil ratio (17.83%). Scanning electron microscopy showed that, compared with the LVEF‐PF group, there was more degeneration and aggregation of MP in the C and PF groups after 18 days' storage. The results of untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that 415 kinds of differential metabolites were identified after storage, and the difference levels of differential metabolites were least between the samples treated with LVEF‐PF stored on the ninth day and the fresh samples. The main differential metabolic pathways during storage were amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: The LVEF‐PF treatment could maintain the stability of myofibrillar protein in large yellow croaker during storage. These results showed a potential application of the LVEF‐PF method for aquatic product preservation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]