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ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Yunaconitine poisoning by studying the changes of urine metabolic profile in rats chronically poisoned by Yunaconitine via non-targeted metabolomics.MethodsA rat model of Yunaconitine poisoning was established, and a metabolomics method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS technology was used to obtain the urine metabolic profile. Principal component analysis （PCA）, orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）, variable importance in projection （VIP） value greater than 1, fold change （FC） value greater than 3 or less than 0.33 and P value less than 0.05 were used to screen potential biomarkers related to the toxicity of Yunaconitine. The metabolic pathway analysis was performed through the MetaboAnalyst website and pathological changes of related tissues were observed.ResultsSixteen potential biomarkers including L-isoleucine were screened, which mainly involved six metabolic pathways including the biosynthesis and degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and propanoate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism. Pathological studies showed that rat toxic change in nervous system, liver and cardiac caused by Yunaconitine.ConclusionYunaconitine may cause neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity by affecting amino acid and glucose metabolism.

Straw is an agricultural byproduct that results from the production of many crops, such as cereals, yet it is often considered a waste product. However, straw has both historical precedent and future potential as an agricultural resource. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of returning straw to the soil on rice cultivation. To this end, we used the hybrid rice variety Luliangyou Jingling as the test material to study the effect of straw return under four different nitrogen application levels (0 kg N (N1), 120 kg N/hm2 (N2), 150 kg N/hm2 (N3), and 180 kg N/hm2 (N4)) on rice tillering dynamics, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, and yield. We found that rice under straw return had a higher number of effective panicles, along with a higher number of grains per panicle, compared to those without straw return. Additionally, the tiller number, LAI, total dry matter, and yield of rice in each main growth period under straw return were higher than those without straw return, and these values increased with an increase in nitrogen application rate. The yield was the highest at 9520.63 kg/hm2 without straw return, while the highest yield with straw return was achieved at 10,738.26 kg/hm2. Our results revealed the optimal nitrogen application level for high yield of two-line direct-seeded rice under straw return, which provides a theoretical reference for the precise reduction of fertilizer application in rice cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape-rice rotation uses large amounts of phosphate fertilizers with low utilization rates and large amounts of straw. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a suitable phosphorus fertilizer application mode for straw-returning in a rape-rice rotation system. The treatments were: P application with straw return (T2) and without straw return (T1), no P application in either rapeseed season (P1), application of 120 kg·ha−1 P2O5 on rapeseed and 90 kg·ha−1 P2O5 on rice (P2), application of 120 kg·ha−1 P2O5 only on rapeseed (P3), and application of 90 kg·ha−1 P2O5 only on rice (P4). The results showed that the maximum rapeseed grain yields of T2P3 were increased by 15.57% and 21.05% in 2019 and 18.02% and 32.69% in 2020 compared with those of T2P2 and T2P4, respectively. In the rice season, the maximum yields of T2P3 increased by 17.31% and 6.67% in 2019 and 16.42% and 5.23% in 2020 compared to those of T2P2 and T2P4, respectively. Meanwhile, soil bacterial diversity reached its highest under the T2P3 and T2P2 treatments, but the difference was not statistically significant. Straw return combined with phosphorus application of 120 kg·ha−1 during rape season increased crop productivity and diversity of the soil bacterial community structure during rape-rice rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scalable syntheses of piceatannol-3′- O -β- d -glucopyranoside and the 4′-methoxy congener thereof were achieved. This route features an early implemented Fischer-like glycosylation reaction, a regioselective iodination of phenolic glycoside under strongly acidic conditions, a highly telescoped route to access the styrene derivative, and a key Mizoroki–Heck reaction to render the desired coupled products in high overall yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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