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African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly virulent double-stranded DNA virus, poses a significant threat to global pig farming, with mortality rates in domestic pigs reaching up to 100%. Originating in Kenya in 1921, ASFV has since proliferated to Western Europe, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and most recently China in 2018, resulting in substantial global agricultural losses. Antigenic epitopes, recognized by the immune system's T cells and B cells, are pivotal in antiviral immune responses. The identification and characterization of these antigenic epitopes can offer invaluable insights into the immune response against ASFV and aid in the development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. Vaccine adjuvants, substances that amplify the body's specific immune response to antigens, also play a crucial role. This review provides an overview of the progress in studying T/B-cell epitopes in ASFV proteins and ASFV vaccine adjuvants, highlighting their role in the immune response and potential use in new vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinetics simulation model for the degradation of sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP) in Fe(III)/sulfite (Fe(III)-S(IV)) system was established, and the reaction mechanism of different radicals in this system was also investigated. The reactive species were identified by electron spin resonance experiments, anaerobic experiment, quenching experiments and PMSO experiment, and their contributions were also analyzed. It was showed that the main reactive species at pH=4 in the system were SO4•-, SO5•- and •OH, and the contribution of each radicals were 76.3%, 22.3% and 1.40%, respectively. The results were consistent with the kinetics simulation. Subsequently, the main reaction sites of SCP were calculated by density functional theory, and the intermediate products of SCP degradation by SO4•- or SO5•- were analyzed by LC-MS. The degradation pathways and mechanisms of different radicals in S(IV) system were improved and verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources in the island area vary greatly from year to year and are unevenly distributed within the year, especially during typhoon and rainstorm periods when the lack of reservoirs leads to a large loss of rainfall and flood resources. In order to improve the water resources supply capacity of the island, this paper takes the excavated underground reservoir on Zhoushan Island as the research object to solve the problem of abundant rainfall and flood resources but lack of saving space during the plum and typhoon floods, and to enhance the self-sufficiency of water resources on the island. The study focuses on three environmental issues in the construction of underground reservoirs, and analyses the actual effect of the resourceful use of rainwater floods using the actual measurement data of Typhoon 2106 (In fa) to prove the feasibility of the construction of underground reservoirs. It makes a useful exploration for the future planning and construction of underground reservoirs on Zhoushan Island using underground space resources to solve water shortage.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative pathogen of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease in the pig industry. The increasingly severe antimicrobial resistance in APP urgently requires novel antibacterial alternatives for the treatment of APP infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) against APP. MIC and MBC of TP showed significant inhibitory effects on bacteria growth and caused cellular damage to APP. Furthermore, TP decreased adherent activity of APP to the newborn pig tracheal epithelial cells (NPTr) and the destruction of the tight adherence junction proteins β-catenin and occludin. Moreover, TP improved the survival rate of APP infected mice but also attenuated the release of the inflammation-related cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. TP inhibited activation of the TLR/MAPK/PKC-MLCK signaling for down-regulated TLR-2, TLR4, p-JNK, p-p38, p-PKC-α, and MLCK in cells triggered by APP. Collectively, our data suggest that TP represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of APP infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of double fluorine substitution on the optical, electrochemical, thermodynamic, morphological and electrochromic properties of electrochromic polymers, two benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers PBTz-E and P2F-BTz-E were synthesized via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP). P2F-BTz-E was obtained after fluorination of PBTz-E by substituting two hydrogen atoms on the benzotriazole unit with two fluorine atoms. Both polymers exhibited similar purple colors in the neutral state, and the polymer films reversibly and stably switched between neutral and oxidized states with minimal degradation over 1000 s. The optical contrast, response time and electrochemical stability of P2F-BTz-E are significantly improved, and the reduction time can reach sub-second speed (0.5 s). However, the severe stacking and aggregation of fluorinated polymer P2F-BTz-E resulted in unsatisfactory film surface morphology and low coloration efficiency. Surprisingly, PBTz-E shows magnificent coloration efficiency (774 cm2 C−1 at 570 nm) because of the low transfer charge. Flexible ECDs prepared from two polymers demonstrated good reversible electrochromic properties. These results provide valuable information for the elaboration of high-performance electrochromic polymers based on benzotriazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]