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This study aims to periodically examine the 100-year transformation of labor standards in the Republic of Turkey and to clarify the problems in the practice of labor standards. To observe the transformation of the industrial relations system formed by the transition from the Empire to the Republic, it is very important to examine the transformation in the working standards in the imperial period, the first years of the Republic, the transition to the globalization process and the following periods, to see the socio-cultural effects of the working standards. Working standards, which have shown positive development over time in the historical process since the Ottoman Empire period, have been experiencing negative developments with the effect of globalization as of the 1980s. This situation not only causes changes in industrial relations in the world but also draws developing countries into a race to the bottom in terms of labor standards. The Republic of Turkey has also become one of the actors in this race to the bottom after the 1990s and has started to use cheap labor as an advantage to attract foreign direct investments. Although it seems that Turkey has entered a rapid economic growth process since the 2000s, it is seen that the welfare achieved is not effective in increasing the working standards, and even the working standards have decreased with the sector (such as Construction) preferences. In this process, not only sector preferences but also external factors such as irregular migration have a significant impact. As a result of this study; As a result of the 100-year-old Republic of Turkey's transformation of its industrial relations policies in line with ILO conventions, possible developments in labor standards were discussed and space was opened for further policy discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın amacı; çalışma standartlarının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ndeki 100 yıllık dönüşümünün dönemsel olarak incelenmesi ve çalışma standartlarının uygulamadaki sorunlarının belirgin hale getirilmesidir. İmparatorluktan Cumhuriyete geçişle oluşan endüstri ilişkileri sisteminin dönüşümünün gözlemlenebilmesi için hatta imparatorluk dönemi, Cumhuriyetin ilk yılları ve küreselleşeme sürecine geçiş ve sonrası dönemlerinde çalışma standartlarındaki dönüşümün incelenmesi çalışma standartlarının sosyo-kültürel etkilerini de görmek açısından oldukça önemlidir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden itibaren tarihsel süreç içerisinde zamanla olumlu gelişme gösteren çalışma standartları, 1980’li yıllar itibariyle küreselleşme olgusunun da etkisiyle birlikte olumsuz yönde gelişmeler yaşamaktadır. Bu durum dünyada endüstri ilişkilerinin değişmesine neden olduğu gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeleri de çalışma standartları konusunda dibe doğru bir yarışın içerisine çekmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti de 1990’lı yılların sonrasında bu dibe doğru yarışın aktörlerinden birisi haline gelmiş ve ucuz emeği doğrudan yabancı yatırımları çekebilmek adına bir avantaj olarak kullanmaya başlamıştır. 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Türkiye hızlı bir ekonomik büyüme sürecine girmiş olduğu görünse de elde edilen refahın çalışma standartlarının arttırılması konusunda etkili olmadığı hatta yapılan sektör (İnşaat gibi) tercihleri ile birlikte çalışma standartların düştüğü görülmektedir. Bu süreçte sadece sektör tercihlerinin değiş düzensiz göç gibi dışsal faktörlerin de etkisi oldukça fazladır. Bu çalışma sonucunda; 100 yaşında olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin endüstri ilişkileri ile ilgili politikalarını ILO sözleşmeleriyle uyumlu hale gelecek şekilde dönüştürmesi sonucunda çalışma standartlarındaki muhtemel gelişmeler tartışılmış ve sonraki politika tartışmaları için alan açılmıştır. ABSTRACT: This study aims to periodically examine the 100-year transformation of labor standards in the Republic of Turkey and to clarify the problems in the practice of labor standards. To observe the transformation of the industrial relations system formed by the transition from the Empire to the Republic, it is very important to examine the transformation in the working standards in the imperial period, the first years of the Republic, the transition to the globalization process and the following periods, to see the socio-cultural effects of the working standards. Working standards, which have shown positive development over time in the historical process since the Ottoman Empire period, have been experiencing negative developments with the effect of globalization as of the 1980s. This situation not only causes changes in industrial relations in the world but also draws developing countries into a race to the bottom in terms of labor standards. The Republic of Turkey has also become one of the actors in this race to the bottom after the 1990s and has started to use cheap labor as an advantage to attract foreign direct investments. Although it seems that Turkey has entered a rapid economic growth process since the 2000s, it is seen that the welfare achieved is not effective in increasing the working standards, and even the working standards have decreased with the sector (such as Construction) preferences. In this process, not only sector preferences but also external factors such as irregular migration have a significant impact. As a result of this study; As a result of the 100-year-old Republic of Turkey's transformation of its industrial relations policies in line with ILO conventions, possible developments in labor standards were discussed and space was opened for further policy discussions.

Copyright of Bursa Uludağ Journal of Economy & Society / Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Journal of Social Policy / Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Conferences/Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Increasing financial relations and transactions, which constitute one of the important components of income inequality, is the leading factor that should be considered in analyzing the transformations of internal dynamics of current economies. In this sense, the linkage of the changes in financial sector, which is examined under the concept of financialization, with income inequality is the basis of this study. The financialization-income inequality nexus deals with the period of 1991-2014 for 97 countries by way of analyzing with the fixed effects method. According to the empirical results, which include labor market variables as well as economic variables, there is a positive correlation between financialization and income inequality. In other words, increasing the scale of financial relations and transactions has a positive effect on income inequality. The empirical outputs point out that this fact mainly depends on the current transformation in the labor markets. The reduction in the bargaining power of labor is assumed to have an increasing effect on the level of income inequality within the framework of financialization.

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)