978 results on '"ga3"'
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2. In vitro micropropagation, medium- and long-term conservation of the Egyptian husk tomato (Physalis pubescens L.)
- Author
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El-Homosany, Ahmed Abd El-Wahab, Sallam, Amira Rasheed, and Ibrahim, Ahmed Shawky
- Published
- 2024
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3. Exogenous application of bioregulators in Coffea arabica beans during ripening: Investigation of UV–Visible and NIR mixture design-fingerprints using AComDim-ICA
- Author
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Tormena, Cláudia Domiciano, Rutledge, Douglas N., Rakocevic, Miroslava, Bruns, Roy Edward, Scarminio, Ieda Spacino, Marcheafave, Gustavo Galo, and Pauli, Elis Daiane
- Published
- 2022
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4. The effect of foliar spraying of naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellic acid, kinetin, putrescine and salicylic acid on physicochemical properties of 'Shahabi' date fruit.
- Author
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Shahsavar, Ali Reza, Farkhondeh, Hajar, and Sayyad-Amin, Pegah
- Subjects
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DATES (Fruit) , *BOTANY , *PLANT regulators , *LIFE sciences , *GROWTH regulators , *DATE palm , *SALICYLIC acid - Abstract
Growth regulators can improve the quality and production of fruit trees. This research was conducted over two successive years to evaluate the effect of preharvest sprays of growth regulators on the physicochemical properties of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera cv. 'Shahabi') during khalal and tamar stages in a palm research station at Bushehr province. In the first year, fruit bunches of these trees were sprayed at the kimri stage, and in the second year at the kimri and hababouk + kimri stages, using NAA (100 mg/L), GA3 (100 mg/L), KI (100 mg/L), SA (50 mg/L), Put (1.288 × 103 mg/L), and distilled water as the control. Foliar spraying of 'Shahabi' date clusters with all plant growth regulators at the kimri stage did not have significant effects on traits such as length, diameter, weight and volume of the fruit compared to the control but, foliar spraying in the hababouk + kimri stage with NAA and to some extent Put caused a significant increase in these factors in the khalal and tamar stages. Foliar spraying with all growth regulators caused a significant increase in the weight of pulp in the khalal and tamar stages. With foliar application of Put, SA, GA3, and especially NAA, cluster weight and yield percent showed a significant increase compared to the control at the tamar stage. In general, the percentage of fruit drop in the foliar application of all growth regulators in the hababouk + kimri stage was significantly higher compared to the foliar application in the kimri stage. Foliar spraying in the kimri stage significantly reduced the fruit drop compared to the control but foliar application of NAA, GA3 and SA in the hababouk + kimri stage significantly increased the fruit drop compared to the control. Foliar spraying of all plant growth regulators in the kimri and hababouk + kimri stages caused a significant decrease in the percentage of TSS as well as the percentage of total carbohydrates compared to the control in the khalal and tamar stages. Foliar spraying with all plant growth regulators in the kimri and hababouk + kimri stages caused a significant increase in the TA percentage in khalal stage compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Determination of the effect of GA3 applications on plant development, nutrient content change and analysis of root architectural features using ML artificial neural network modelling in Tulipa saxatilis.
- Author
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Sari, Ömer
- Subjects
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ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *MACHINE learning , *FLOWERING of plants , *PLANT development , *COPPER , *TRACE elements - Abstract
This study has determined the effects of gibberallic acid (GA3) on the plant development, root and bulb nutrient content in the wild species Tulipa saxatilis. Spray treatments of GA3 at 0, 100, 200 and 400 ppm were conducted in research. 400 ppm is the most effective application, which increased plant height and flower stem length by 39% and 35.6%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest results in flower number were achieved in the control (2). Vase life and number of bulblets were 42% and 42.9% higher, respectively, at 100 ppm than in the control. Also, 200 ppm was the best application to increase mother bulb weight and diameter by 117.1% and 21.4%, respectively. Of bulb were found only N and P contents to be lower than the control; most effective application was 100 ppm for K, Fe, Cu and Mn content; 200 ppm for Ca and Zn content; and 400 ppm for Mn content. Although GA3 applications had different effects on root architecture, 200 ppm was generally the most effective. As a result, an increase in plant height, bulb characteristics, bulb number and vase life was achieved in T. saxatilis, which has a relatively small stem length. Additionally, the study employed machine learning algorithms, including LR, MCC, MLP, J48, PART and Baggin. The input variables were assessed to model and predict the root traits. Performance percentages of ML algorithms were listed as LR > MCC > MLP > J48 > PART > Baggin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Influence of exogenously sprayed growth regulators at different concentrations on grain biochemical constituents and yield traits of bread wheat.
- Author
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El-Saber, Atta, Shraf, Abd El Aziz, Safhi, Fatmah A., Al Aboud, Nora M., Alshaharni, Mohammed O., Fayad, Eman, Al Kashgry, Najla Amin T., El-Moneim, Diaa Abd, Abdel Ghany, Abdel Ghany, El-Emary, Gehan, Alshamrani, Rahma, ALmoshadak, Ameina S., and Saber, Refaat
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SATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *GIBBERELLIC acid , *GROWTH regulators , *ACETIC acid , *PLANT regulators - Abstract
Plant growth regulators play an essential role in plants' biochemical processes. In this study, foliar spray was applied using three growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA3), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), to investigate their effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Giza-171' yield traits and grain biochemical constituents, including sugars, carbohydrates and protein. The assessed growth regulators (GA3, NAA, and BAP) were applied at 100 and 150 mg L-1 concentrations. The results indicated significant improvements in wheat grain yield and 1000-grain weight, which increased by 15.40% and 24.78%, respectively, using GA3 at 150 and 100 mg L-1. In addition, the highest contents of protein and carbohydrates were observed with samples treated by the foliar application of NAA at 150 mg L-1 and BAP at 100 mg L-1, respectively. The fat content in wheat grains increased by 1.97% and 2.73% with foliar spray with 150 mg L-1 NAA and 100 mg L-1 BAP, respectively. The lipid profile showed cis-linoleic acid was the primary fatty acid, followed by palmitic acid; the content of linoleic acid slightly increased with GA3 treatment to 50.42%, while palmitic acid significantly increased with 100 mg L-1 NAA. The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids recorded 33.64% and 66.30%, respectively; the 150 mg L-1 NAA treatment had the lowest saturated fatty acid content. The SDS-PAGE profiles showed that growth regulators significantly enhanced the wheat protein where new bands appeared, especially in 100 mg L-1 GA3 and 100 mg L-1 BAP treatments. The applied growth regulators improved wheat yield, contents of some compounds, and nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Effect of GA3 Spraying on the Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Aglaonema under Drought Treatment.
- Author
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Jun-Ai Hui and Yu-Jun Zhou
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PLANT regulators , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *PLANT metabolism , *PLANT maintenance , *PLANT growth , *GIBBERELLINS - Abstract
GA3 is a common plant growth regulator used in production that can accelerate plant metabolism and significantly enhance the plant growth rate. We investigated the effects of exogenous GA3 on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Aglaonema under drought treatment. The effects of exogenous GA3 on the plant height, leaf blight rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf pigment, and malondialdehyde content of Aglaonema were evaluated using Aglaonema 'Red Ruyi' as the test material and simulating natural drought treatment in nutrient soil pots. The spraying of exogenous GA3 significantly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities, promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars, reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and slowed the decline of chlorophyll and carotenoids, which had good effects such as the reduction of the leaf wilting rate and increase in the plant height as well as the maintenance of the plant shape to maintain the ornamental appearance. The growth indexes such as plant height and wilting rate were mainly influenced by the changes of the leaf pigment and physiological and biochemical indexes of malondialdehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Cracking Alleviation by Exogenous Calcium and GA 3 in the Lane Late Navel Orange.
- Author
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Shi, Guoji, Zhou, Xun, Tong, Cuiling, and Zhang, Dejian
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FRUIT skins ,PHYSIOLOGY ,CITRUS fruits ,FRUIT quality ,OXIDANT status - Abstract
Fruit cracking is very common in the production and cultivation of citrus, and can lead to decreases in its yield and quality. Bacteria can easily invade cracked fruit and cause mildew, accelerate the spread of diseases and pests, affect the appearance of the fruit, and reduce its economic benefits. In order to explore a method for alleviating citrus cracking, the Lane Late navel orange, which is a citrus that easily cracks, was studied via treatment with 1.0 g·L
−1 chelated calcium (Ca) or 50 mg·L−1 gibberellin (GA3 ). The fruit cracking rate, external and internal quality, active oxygen metabolism and expression levels of related genes, cell wall structure components, and metabolism-related enzyme activity and the expression levels of related genes were determined. The results showed that Ca and GA3 treatment significantly reduced the fruit cracking rate and increased the longitudinal and transverse diameter, single-fruit weight, pulp quality, and peel quality, but had no significant effect on the internal quality of the fruit. Ca and GA3 treatment also improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), enhanced the scavenging ability for active oxygen species, and thus reduced the contents of H2 O2 and MDA and decreased the superoxide anion production rate. At the same time, Ca and GA3 treatment decreased the activities of protopectin-degrading enzymes (PME, PL, and PG) and cellulase (CX), prevented the degradation of pectin and cellulose in the cell wall, and increased their contents in the peel, thus improving the ductility and toughness of the peel and reducing the occurrence of cracked fruit. Ca and GA3 treatment significantly increased the relative expression levels of antioxidase-related genes (CsSOD and CsCAT) in fruit peel and decreased the relative expression levels of CsPPO and cell wall metabolism-related genes (CsPME, CsPL, CsPG, and CsCX). In summary, this study confirmed that exogenous calcium and gibberellin can reduce the fruit cracking rate by regulating the scavenging ability for active oxygen species and the cell wall metabolism of the Lane Late navel orange at the physiological and molecular level, laying a theoretical foundation for further analysis of citrus fruit cracking mechanisms and clarifying that spraying exogenous calcium and gibberellin on the citrus fruit surface is an effective production measure for preventing and alleviating fruit cracking. In particular, gibberellin is better than exogenous calcium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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9. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance gibberellic acid (GA3).
- Author
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Álvarez, Fernando, Arena, Maria, Auteri, Domenica, Leite, Sofia Batista, Binaglia, Marco, Castoldi, Anna Federica, Chiusolo, Arianna, Colagiorgi, Angelo, Colas, Mathilde, Crivellente, Federica, De Lentdecker, Chloe, De Magistris, Isabella, Egsmose, Mark, Fait, Gabriella, Ferilli, Franco, Santonja, German Giner, Gouliarmou, Varvara, Halling, Katrin, Nogareda, Laia Herrero, and Ippolito, Alessio
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PLANT regulators , *GIBBERELLIC acid , *RISK assessment , *COMPETENT authority , *FOOD safety - Abstract
The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Slovenia and co‐rapporteur Member State Slovakia for the pesticide active substance gibberellic acid and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of gibberellic acid as a plant growth regulator on seedless grapes (field use). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported when identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Farklı Uygulamaların Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenme ve Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri
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Rabia Dilara Yasak, Ercan Akay, Recep Balkıç, Lokman Altınkaya, and Hamide Gübbük
- Subjects
moringa oleifera ,çimlenme ,ga3 ,peg ,mikrobiyal gübre ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Bu çalışma, moringa tohum çimlenmesi ve fidan gelişimi olmak üzere iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle moringa tohumlarına kontrol dışında, dört farklı uygulama (a: 35°C’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme; b: 1000 ppm GA3 çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme; c: -1MPa polietilen glikol (PEG) çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme; d: 2500 ppm mikrobiyal gübre çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme) yapılmıştır. Kontrollü koşullarda gerçekleştirilen çimlendirme denemelerinde sıcaklık, 25°C ve oransal nemi ise %80’in üzerinde olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. Tohum ekiminden sonra, çimlenme oranı, süresi ve çimlenme enerjisi her bir uygulama için belirlenmiştir. Çimlenmeden sonra fidanlar 1:1 oranında torf ve perlit içeren yetiştirme ortamına aktarılmıştır. Daha sonra fidanlara 15 gün ara ile altı defa NPK, NPK + 2500 ppm mikrobiyal gübre ve NPK + 5000 ppm mikrobiyal gübre uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Yetişen bitkilerde 90 gün sonra, bitki boyu, gövde çapı, klorofil miktarı, gövde, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, tohum çimlenme oranı, süresi ve enerjisi açısından en iyi sonucun, tohumların viyollere ekimden önce 35°C’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme uygulamasının verdiğini göstermiş ve bu uygulamayı 1000 ppm GA3 çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme uygulaması izlemiştir. Fidan büyüme ve gelişmesi açısından incelenen parametreler göz önüne alındığında, standart NPK’nın mikrobiyal gübre ile birlikte kullanımı, standart NPK’ya göre daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, tohum çimlenmesi açısından 35 oC’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme ve fidan gelişimi açısında ise standart NPK’nın mikrobiyal gübre ile birlikte kullanımı tavsiye edilmiştir.
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- 2024
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11. Effects of GA3 Treatments on Fruit Vascular Structure and Water Transport of Grape
- Author
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Zhong-Hui Cai, Xiu-Jie Li, Charles F. Forney, Yue Wang, Bo Li, and Zhao-Sen Xie
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Grape ,GA3 ,vascular bundle ,water transport ,sugar unloading ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Exogenous gibberellic acid was applied to regulate fruit growth of grapes to acquire high quality seedless berries. The vascular bundles provide the pathway of water and nutrient transport into the fruit and play an important role in berry growth and sugar accumulation. Therefore, changes in berry size and quality are closely related to the structure and function of the vascular tissue. In this study, 10-year-old “Shine Muscat” grape vines were treated with GA3 in grapevine production. Based on previous research and experimental environmental conditions, four treatments were applied: elongating cluster(5 mg L−1 GA3 on Apr. 28)+ seedless(25 mg L−1 GA3 on May. 24)+ expanding(50 mg L−1 GA3 on Jun. 7) (T1), seedless(25 mg L−1 GA3 on May. 24)+ expanding(50 mg L−1 GA3 on Jun. 7) (T2), expanding(50 mg L−1 GA3 on Jun. 7) (T3) and water (CK). Compared to CK, all fruits treated with GA3 had greater berry size. In addition, GA3 treated grapes had greater vascular bundle areas, including the areas of both phloem and xylem, as well as a greater number of vessels compared to control fruit. During the first rapid growth stage, water transport into the grape was rapid and did not differ among treatments. During veraison, the water transport rate among the four treatments differed, and the rank of speed was T2>T3>CK>T1. Therefore, we found that GA3 treatment can significantly promote the differentiation of vascular tissues and improve water transport capacity and phloem sugar unloading; T2 promoted the development of vascular bundles, enhanced water transport speed and phloem sugar unloading of fruit after veraison, and increased berry size.
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- 2024
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12. Analyzing the effects of different GA3 applications on plant root architecture and above-ground properties in tulip cultivars
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Ömer Sari
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tulips ,ga3 ,root analyzing ,growing ,flowering ,plant height ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
In the study, the effects of 0, 100, 200 and 400 ppm spray applications of GA3 on root and above-ground parts of 'Jan Reus', 'Bloody Mary' and 'Yokohama' tulip cultivars were determined. According to the results, on the development of plant upper part properties, 200 ppm in 'Jan Reus' and 'Yokohama' and 100 ppm in 'Bloody Mary' were the most effective applications. Again, the least increases in upper part properties were obtained from the control plants in 'Jan Reus' and 'Bloody Mary', and from the 100 ppm application in 'Yokohama'. While 100 ppm was the most effective application in 'Jan Reus' and 'Yokohama' in terms of root development, the effect of the applications in 'Bloody Mary' was lower than the control. The application that least increased root development was determined as 400 ppm in 'Jan Reus' and 200 ppm in 'Bloody Mary' and 'Yokohama'. Root growth was found to be negatively related to GA3 content. High GA3 is thought to negatively affect overall root growth, possibly by suppressing the effect of auxin. It is assumed that GA3 produced by the plant itself may be sufficient for root development or may be effective at much lower dose applications. On the other hand, it has been determined that the effects of GA3 application vary depending on the variety. According to these results, it is recommended to apply it at a dose of 200 ppm to ensure flowering by providing cooling in tulip cultivars and cut flower cultivation. High doses of GA3 are not recommended for root development.
- Published
- 2024
13. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Germination and Seedling Growth of Passiflora alata and Passiflora edulis.
- Author
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Domingues Neto, Francisco José, Pimentel Junior, Adilson, Putti, Fernando Ferrari, Rodrigues, João Domingos, Ono, Elizabeth Orika, Tecchio, Marco Antonio, Leonel, Sarita, and Silva, Marcelo de Souza
- Subjects
PLANT regulators ,PASSION fruit ,SEEDLING quality ,TROPICAL fruit ,PASSIFLORA - Abstract
The yellow (Passiflora edulis) and sweet (Passiflora alata) passion fruit plants hold significant economic importance in tropical fruit cultivation, valued not only for the quality of their fruit but also for their medicinal properties. Conventional propagation through seeds faces challenges due to irregular and slow germination, affecting the time required for seedling formation and the viability and uniformity of plantations. The use of plant growth regulators has been explored as a strategy to overcome these barriers, improving both the rate and uniformity of seed germination. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seed imbibition with plant growth regulators on the germination and subsequent growth of yellow and sweet passion fruit seedlings. Gibberellic acid (GA
3 ) and GA4+7 combined with 6-benzyladenine (GA4+7 +6BA) were applied in five different concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1 a.i.). The experiments were conducted in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions, following a completely randomized design with a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The varieties tested were 'BRS Mel do Cerrado' for sweet passion fruit and 'IAC-275' for yellow passion fruit. Quantitative parameters, such as germination percentage, germination speed index, fresh and dry biomass of roots and shoots, and enzymatic activity, were assessed. The results indicated that GA3 , at higher concentrations, significantly enhanced both germination percentage and speed index in both Passiflora alata and Passiflora edulis when compared to the control. Additionally, seedlings treated with GA3 showed a marked increase in shoot and root biomass, particularly at concentrations of 500 and 750 mg L−1 . Enzymatic assays revealed heightened catalase and peroxidase activities in treated seedlings, indicating improved stress tolerance. In contrast, the GA4+7 +6BA treatment showed less pronounced effects on seedling growth. Overall, GA3 was more effective in enhancing germination and seedling growth in both species, suggesting its potential application in improving the propagation of passion fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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14. Effect of Seed Priming on Seed Quality in Parental Lines of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) MAH 15 - 84.
- Author
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SHERAKHANE, MALLIKARJUN, PARASHIVAMURTHY, GOWDA, BASAVE, LOHITHASWA, H. C., and KESHAVAREDDY, G.
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SEED technology ,SALICYLIC acid ,SEED yield ,CORN ,SEED quality ,GERMINATION ,CORN growth - Abstract
The laboratory experiment was conducted to standardize the seed priming techniques for enhancement of seed yield and quality in parental lines of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) MAH 15-84 at Department of Seed Science and Technology, CoA, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2022. The seeds of both male (MAI-19-20) and female (MAI-19-117) parents were primed with KNO3 and ZnSO
4 at 0.5 and 1 per cent, gibberellic acid (GA3 ) and salicylic acid (SA) at 50 and 100 ppm and hydroprimed for 12 and 24 h and unprimed seeds were used as control. The results revealed that, among treatments, seeds of male and female parents primed with 50 ppm GA3 for 12 h (T9 ) recorded highest seed germination (99.33 and 99.00%), root length (29.70 and 27.33 cm), shoot length (25.26 and 26.02 cm), seedling dry weight (93.31 and 92.33 mg), SVI-I (5459 and 5282), SVI-II (9268 and 9141), total dehydrogenase activity (2.456 and 2.348 at A480 nm) and least electrical conductivity (0.262 and 0.228 dSm-1 ), less duration for radicle emergence (70.93 and 69.07 h) and T50 value (3.08 and 3.24 days) respectively, which was followed by seeds primed with 1 per cent ZnSO4 for 12 h (T7 ) compared to control (89.33 and 90.67%, 20.40 and 20.42 cm, 18.09 and 18.01 cm, 78.41 and 82.00 mg, 3438 and 3484, 7004 and 7435, 0.974 and 0.724 at A480 nm 0.610 and 0.650 dSm-1 , 80.83 and 82.27 h and 5.04 and 4.78 days respectively). Thus, seed priming with 50 ppm GA3 for 12 h and 1 per cent ZnSO4 for 12 h found to be the best treatments to enhance the seed quality of hybrid maize compared to other priming treatments and control. Hence, these two treatments could be utilised for commercial exploitation of maize hybrid seed production to get better seed yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
15. Effect of Some Treatments on Seed and Vegetative Propagation of Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) in Northwestern Syria.
- Author
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OBIDEEN, Rasha, ALHASAN, Amin, and DRAIE, Rida
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HAWTHORNS ,VEGETATIVE propagation ,GIBBERELLINS ,GERMINATION - Abstract
This research was conducted in Idlib Governorate, located in northwestern Syria, during the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. The two types of wild hawthorn, Monogyna hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), and Aronia hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus var. aronia) were propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Two types of treatments were used for sexual propagation by seeds, namely soaking with gibberellin at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 ppm and intervals of 24 and 48 hours, and soaking with sulfuric acid at concentrations of 50% and 98% and intervals of one and two hours. The two treatments were followed by warm stratification for two months, followed by cold stratification for 3 months, while the control treatment was subjected to stratification only. Vegetative propagation was done by cuttings that were dipped in several concentrations of IBA, where concentrations of 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm were used. The results showed that seed propagation achieved better results than vegetative propagation. The treatment of Monogyna seeds with gibberellin at a concentration of 2000 ppm and during the 48-hour soaking period significantly outperformed all other treatments, with a germination rate of 73.33%. The treatment of Monogyna cuttings at a concentration of 8000 ppm of IBA significantly outperformed the rest of the experimental treatments, with a rooting rate of 16.67%. The Monogyna type significantly outperformed the Aronia type in seed germination rate and rooting rate of cuttings, with values of 40 and 20.42% for seed germination and 8.42 and 5.17% for rooting of cuttings for the two types, respectively. Finally, alternating (warm and cold) seed stratification, treatment with gibberellin or sulfuric acid, and the use of seeds stored in the refrigerator for a full year, played an important role in increasing the germination rate of hawthorn seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Physiological Indexes in Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rangpur Lime (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) under Plant Growth Regulators.
- Author
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Domingues Neto, Francisco José, Carneiro, Débora Cavalcante dos Santos, Putti, Fernando Ferrari, Rodrigues, João Domingos, Tecchio, Marco Antonio, Leonel, Sarita, and Silva, Marcelo de Souza
- Subjects
- *
SEEDLING quality , *PLANT regulators , *GIBBERELLIC acid , *CELL division , *BENZYLAMINOPURINE , *ROOTSTOCKS , *GERMINATION - Abstract
The propagation of citrus seedlings is accomplished through grafting, utilizing seeds for the production of rootstocks. The germination of certain seeds may be low and uneven, complicating the production of high-quality seedlings. The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a viable alternative to improve the quality of seedling production, as these compounds can break dormancy, control the hydrolysis of reserves, induce cell division, and regulate permeability and protein functions. This study aimed to evaluate the germination of seeds and the growth of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) seedlings under the influence of imbibition in solutions of gibberellic acid (GA3) and a combination of GA4+7 + 6Benzyladenine. The experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions, using a completely randomized design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two types of plant regulators (GA3 and GA4+7 + 6BA) at five concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1 a.i.). Quantitative and qualitative variables were evaluated, ranging from seed germination to seedling development and formation, including germination percentage and speed index, fresh and dry biomass of roots and shoots, enzymatic activity, and gas exchange. The results indicate that GA3 significantly accelerates the germination process of Rangpur lime cv. Santa Cruz seeds and promotes better seedling growth and development, resulting in vigorous seedlings. These findings demonstrate that the application of PGRs, particularly GA3, can substantially enhance the propagation efficiency of citrus rootstocks, offering a practical solution for improving the uniformity and quality of seedling production in commercial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Vc 与外源激素浸种对滇油杉种子发芽及 幼苗生长的影响.
- Author
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侯海雄, 李莲芳, 顾梦, 张合瑶, 刘娴, 周冬梅, 李小军, 王文俊, 丁兵, 武程鹏, and 李正银
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SEED treatment ,VITAMIN C ,WATER use ,COTYLEDONS ,BIOMASS ,GERMINATION - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Interaction of phosphorus and GA3 improved oilseed flax grain yield and phosphorusutilization efficiency.
- Author
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Yingze Wang, Zhi Cao, Yuhong Gao, Bing Wu, Junyi Niu, Bin Yan, Yifan Wang, Zhengjun Cui, Ming Wen, Peng Xu, Haidi Wang, and Xingkang Ma
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PHOSPHATE fertilizers ,ACID phosphatase ,CROP yields ,OILSEED plants ,FLAX - Abstract
Introduction: Phosphorus nutrition and hormone concentration both affect crop yield formation. Ascertaining the interaction of phosphorus and GA
3 has a synergistic effect on the grain yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency of oilseed flax in dryland. It is extremely important for improving grain yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Dingxi Oil Crops Test Station to investigated the effects of phosphorus, gibberellin (GA3 ), and their interaction on the grain yield and phosphorus-utilization efficiency of oilseed flax plants. Phosphorus fertilizerwas applied at three levels (0, 67.5, 135 kg P2 O5·ha-1 ) and GA3 was also sprayed at three concentrations (0, 15 , and 30 mg·L-1 ). Results: The results showed that application of 67.5 kg P2 O5 ·ha-1 reduced leaves acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity, but increased phosphorus accumulation throughout the growth period, the 1000-kernel weight (TKW), and the number of grains per capsule. Spraying GA3 significantly increased the leaves ACPase activity, phosphorus accumulation after anthesis and its contribution to grain, phosphorus-utilization efficiency, the number of capsules per plant, and TKW. The phosphorus accumulation at the anthesis, kernel, and maturity stages under the treatment of fertilizing 67.5 kg P2 O5 ·ha-1 and spraying 30 mg·L-1 GA3 were increased by 56.06%, 73.51%, and 62.17%, respectively, compared with the control (no phosphorus, no GA3 ). And the phosphorus accumulation after anthesis and its contribution to grain also increased. 67.5 kg P2 O5 ·ha-1 combined with 30 mg·L-1 GA3 and 135 kg P2 O5 ·ha-1 combined with 15 mg·L-1 GA3 both significantly increased grain yield of oilseed flax, reaching 1696 kg·ha-1 and 1716 kg·ha-1 across two years, respectively. And there was no significant difference between them. However, the former treatment significant increased the apparent utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate, and partial productivity of phosphorus. The interaction between phosphorus and GA3 was significant for grain yield. Conclusion: Therefore, the application of 67.5 kg P2 O5 ·ha-1 in combination with 30 mg·L-1 GA3 is an effective fertilization approach for enhancing oilseed flax growth and grain yield in the experiment region and other similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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19. Diversity of Treatments in Overcoming Morphophysiological Dormancy of Paeonia peregrina Mill. Seeds.
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Prijić, Željana, Mikić, Sara, Peškanov, Jovan, Zhang, Xiuxin, Guo, Lili, Dragumilo, Ana, Filipović, Vladimir, Anačkov, Goran, and Marković, Tatjana
- Subjects
SEED coats (Botany) ,SEED dormancy ,SPECIES diversity ,GIBBERELLIC acid ,GENETIC variation ,GERMINATION - Abstract
Paeonia peregrina Mill. is a protected, herbaceous species native to Southeastern Europe and Turkey. Due to its vulnerability, it has to be protected both in its natural habitats and through cultivation. Peonies are known to have a low potential for natural regeneration due to their seed dormancy, low germination rate, and long germination period. In this study, treatments with gibberellic acid (GA
3 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg L−1 GA3 ) and warm (at 20/16 °C day/night regime) and cold stratification (at 4 °C) were used to accelerate dormancy release and increase the germination rate. The seeds of P. peregrina from four natural habitats in Serbia and the Institute's collection were collected and analyzed. They showed an underdeveloped embryo that needs to grow inside the seed before it can germinate. The application of GA3 accelerated each stage of germination (seed coat rapturing, hypocotyl dormancy release, and epicotyl dormancy release) for approximately 10 days compared to the control. It was also found that two-day imbibition with 200 mg L−1 GA3 significantly accelerated and equalized germination. Higher GA3 concentrations had a more pronounced impact on each stage but also resulted in greater seed infection after the seed coat rupture, elongated and weak seedlings, while lower concentrations did not result in obtaining uniform seedlings. There were no significant differences observed between localities. Restoring P. peregrina through seeds and nursery-produced plants is crucial for conserving the genetic diversity of the tested species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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20. Enhancing parthenocarpy and fruit set in sugar apples through gibberellic acid induction
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Marlenildo Ferreira Melo, Cleilson do Nascimento Uchoa, Keline Sousa Albuquerque Uchoa, Mikaelle Santos da Costa, Luiz Gonzaga dos Santos Filho, and Alex Lázaro de Sousa Nogueira
- Subjects
Annona squamosa L. ,fruiting ,GA3 ,growth regulator ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Abstract: In sugar apple cultivation, the implementation of manual pollination is imperative to enhance fruit set. However, this methodology concurrently leads to an elevation in seed count and in overall production expenses. As a potential solution, growth regulators have been employed across various crop types to augment fruit yield and to facilitate the development of seedless fruits. In order to achieve this goal, a range of concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1.000 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid (GA3) were administered to sugar apple trees during the flowering stage, specifically when the flowers were in the female phase. Subsequent applications were carried out at intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 35 days after the initial treatment, targeting already established fruits. After a span of thirteen weeks, the utilization of GA3 exhibited multiple benefits. Notably, it led to a considerable increase in fruit set, reaching up to 75%. Furthermore, GA3 induced parthenocarpy in sugar apples, triggering fruit development without fertilization. Additionally, the application of GA3 had a positive impact on key fruit attributes, including diameter, fresh weight, and soluble solids content. It is important to note, however, that the resultant fruits displayed a thicker peel and lower pulp content. Notwithstanding, the ratio of peel to pulp escalated proportionally with the concentration of GA3 applied. To further enhance the physicochemical characteristics of sugar apples, it is recommended to explore doses exceeding 1.000 mg L-1 as well as consider the synergistic effects achievable through a combination of different growth regulators. In conclusion, the outcomes unequivocally demonstrate that GA3 induces parthenocarpy in sugar apples and effectively enhances fruit set.
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- 2024
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21. Transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes that response to GA3 and CPPU treatments for mango fruit development
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Jiang, Tang-xin, Luo, Cong, Mo, Xiao, Zhang, Xiang-juan, Li, Xi, Li, Jian, and He, Xin-hua
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- 2024
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22. Improving the Productivity and Reducing the Drop Percentages of Fruits in Pear by the External Application of Some Plant Growth Regulators
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Adel Al-Saif, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Ahmed Ayoub, Hesham Abada, and Walid F. A. Mosa
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ga3 ,naa ,fruit set ,pyrus communis ,yield ,fruit quality ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Fruit drop from pear trees causes serious losses in income. However, the application of plant bio-regulators improves the internal physiology of developing fruit by ensuring that they receive an adequate supply of water, nutrients, and other compounds necessary for their proper growth and development, which leads to improved size, quality, and ultimately better yield in a variety of fruit crops. This study investigated the foliar application of three plant growth regulators: CPPU at 10, 15, and 20 ppm, GA3 at 25, 50, and 75 ppm and NAA at 25, 50, and 75 ppm. The pear trees were sprayed four times: before flowering, full bloom, after three weeks, and after six weeks. The results showed that the spray of GA3 at 50 and 75 ppm gave the highest effect in increasing the shoot length, shoot thickness, leaf area, and leaf total chlorophyll. The spraying of NAA at 50 and 75 ppm was the best treatment in increasing the fruit set percentages, fruit yield, fruit weight, and fruit dimensions as well as the fruit content from soluble solids, and fruit sugars, while they reduced the fruit drop percentages comparing with the other applied treatments.
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- 2024
23. Improving the Productivity and Reducing the Drop Percentages of Fruits in Pear by the External Application of Some Plant Growth Regulators.
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Al-Saif, Adel M., Sas-Paszt, Lidia, Ayoub, Ahmed, Abada, Hesham S., and Mosa, Walid F. A.
- Subjects
- *
PEARS , *COMMON pear , *CULTIVARS , *FRUIT quality ,FRUIT physiology - Abstract
Fruit drop from pear trees causes serious losses in income. However, the application of plant bio-regulators improves the internal physiology of developing fruit by ensuring that they receive an adequate supply of water, nutrients, and other compounds necessary for their proper growth and development, which leads to improved size, quality, and ultimately better yield in a variety of fruit crops. This study investigated the foliar application of three plant growth regulators: CPPU at 10, 15, and 20 ppm, GA3 at 25, 50, and 75 ppm and NAA at 25, 50, and 75 ppm. The pear trees were sprayed four times: before flowering, full bloom, after three weeks, and after six weeks. The results showed that the spray of GA3 at 50 and 75 ppm gave the highest effect in increasing the shoot length, shoot thickness, leaf area, and leaf total chlorophyll. The spraying of NAA at 50 and 75 ppm was the best treatment in increasing the fruit set percentages, fruit yield, fruit weight, and fruit dimensions as well as the fruit content from soluble solids, and fruit sugars, while they reduced the fruit drop percentages comparing with the other applied treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Analyzing the effects of different GA3 applications on plant root architecture and above-ground properties on plant root architecture and above-ground properties in tulip cultivars.
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SARI, ÖMER
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ROOT development ,PLANT roots ,FLOWERING of plants ,PLANT development ,CUT flowers - Abstract
In the study, the effects of 0, 100, 200 and 400 ppm spray applications of GA3 on root and above-ground parts of 'Jan Reus', 'Bloody Mary' and 'Yokohama' tulip cultivars were determined. According to the results, on the development of plant upper part properties, 200 ppm in 'Jan Reus' and 'Yokohama' and 100 ppm in 'Bloody Mary' were the most effective applications. Again, the least increases in upper part properties were obtained from the control plants in 'Jan Reus' and 'Bloody Mary', and from the 100 ppm application in 'Yokohama'. While 100 ppm was the most effective application in 'Jan Reus' and 'Yokohama' in terms of root development, the effect of the applications in 'Bloody Mary' was lower than the control. The application that least increased root development was determined as 400 ppm in 'Jan Reus' and 200 ppm in 'Bloody Mary' and 'Yokohama'. Root growth was found to be negatively related to GA3 content. High GA3 is thought to negatively affect overall root growth, possibly by suppressing the effect of auxin. It is assumed that GA3 produced by the plant itself may be sufficient for root development or may be effective at much lower dose applications. On the other hand, it has been determined that the effects of GA3 application vary depending on the variety. According to these results, it is recommended to apply it at a dose of 200 ppm to ensure flowering by providing cooling in tulip cultivars and cut flower cultivation. High doses of GA3 are not recommended for root development. GA3 are not recommended for root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Influence of Different Levels of GA3 and Urea on Fruiting Behavior, Yield and Qualitative Characters of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Banarasi Karaka.
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Kumar, Aadesh, Tripathi, V. K., Awasthi, Manuj, and Pandey, Shiwanand
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- *
UREA , *ZIZIPHUS , *FRUIT development , *FRUIT , *VITAMIN C - Abstract
The present experiment was conducted during October, 2022 to March, 2023 at Horticulture Garden, Department of Fruit Science of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P, India. The experiment was layout in RBD with three replicates of each treatment. Total 10 treatments including one control viz., GA3 15 ppm, GA3 20 ppm, GA3 25 ppm, GA3 30 ppm, Urea 2%, GA3 15 ppm and urea 2%, GA3 20 ppm and urea 2%, GA3 25 ppm and urea 2%, GA3 30 ppm and urea 2% and Control i.e., water spray. The present investigation, it is reported that the application of GA3 30 ppm and Urea 2% with significantly increased initial fruit set (169), fruit retention (84.22%) and decreased fruit drop (84.22%), increased fruit weight (15.44 g), pulp weight (14.43 g), fruit length (4.52 cm), diameter (2.99 cm), volume (16.80 cc) and yield (31.50 kg) branch-1 and minimum stone weight (1.01 g), pulp: stone ratio (14.29) and quality parameters like; TSS (15.30 °Brix), ascorbic acid (99.25 mg) 100 g-1 of fruit pulp and total sugars (9.99%) and decreased titratable acidity (0.10%) content. Hence, plants treated with GA3 30 ppm and urea 2% can further be used to improve the fruiting, overall yield improvement, and quality characteristics of Banarasi Karaka cultivar of ber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) Bazı Ön Uygulamaların Tuzluluk Stresi Koşullarında Çimlenme ve Enzim Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkisi.
- Author
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TURAN, Ferzat and YAĞCI, Ebru
- Abstract
In nature, plants constantly fight against the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Salinity encountered in agricultural areas in the world and in our country is one of the most important factors that negatively affects sustainable agriculture. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Glycine Betaine (GB) applied as pre-treatment to sunflower seeds under salt stress conditions on germination and seedling development. In the experiment, the seeds were pre-treated with four different concentrations of GA3 and GB (0, 15, 30, 45 mg/l) before planting, and then four different salt (Na+Cl-) concentrations (0, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) was put into salt stress application. The experiment was set up with 3 replications according to the Randomized Plot Factorial Trial Design. In the study, germination rate, germination power, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight characteristics and enzyme activities such as CAT, SOD and POD were examined. In the experiment, parallel to the increase in salinity stress, decreases in germination rate and germination power and negative effects on other seedling characteristics were observed. According to the results obtained, positive results were observed for germination and seedling characteristics at 6 dS/m salt stress in 30 and 45 mg/l GB and GA3 applications. As a result, it was concluded that Glycine Betaine applications to sunflower seeds as an alternative to plant regulator groups under salt stress conditions will be beneficial in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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27. Overcoming physiological dormancy in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).
- Author
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Yalamalle, Vishwanath Rohidas, Dunna, Vijay, Chawla, Gautam, Mishra, Gyan Prakash, P., Vijayakumar H, Ahmad, Dilshad, Lal, S. K., Joshi, Dinesh Chandra, and Meena, Rajendra Prasad
- Abstract
The viability status of every accession stored in a seed bank is essential for effective germplasm conservation, and it is often assessed through germination tests. However, dormancy can hamper this process. Currently, no dormancy-breaking protocols exist for buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds, which exhibit physiological dormancy. In the present study, using phytohormones and chemicals, namely, gibberellic acid (GA
3 ), KNO3 , and H2 O2 , we identified effective seed dormancy-breaking protocols. Buckwheat seeds exhibited a high degree of dormancy, with only 21% of seeds having germinated. Treatment with KNO3 (0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4%) and H2 O2 (5, 10, or 20 mM) significantly improved seed germination and the dormancy index, and decreased the time to 50% germination and mean germination time. Furthermore, treatment with 200-ppm GA3 improved seedling length by 55%. Moreover, treatments with 20-mM-H2 O2 and 0.4%-KNO3 improved seed vigor indices by 305% and 260%, respectively. Compared with the control, α-amylase activity was higher for all seed treatment groups. The groups treated with both 0.4%-KNO3 and 20-mM-H2 O2 had the highest α-amylase activity. Thus, treatment with KNO3 (0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4%) or H2 O2 (5, 10, or 20 mM) can be incorporated as a dormancy-breaking protocol for seed testing and germplasm evaluation of buckwheat seeds with physiological seed dormancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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28. Methodological and Physiological Study during Seed Dormancy Release of Symplocos paniculata.
- Author
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Zhang, Luhong, Tang, Qiaoyu, Li, Peiwang, Li, Changzhu, Jiang, Lijuan, Chen, Jingzhen, Chen, Yunzhu, Liu, Qiang, and Yang, Yan
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,AMYLASES ,GERMINATION ,ABSCISIC acid ,GIBBERELLIC acid ,POWER resources - Abstract
Symplocos paniculata are reported to exhibit seed dormancy, which impedes its cultivation and widespread adoption. In this study, a comprehensive method was established to overcome seed dormancy by subjecting seeds to scarification in 98% H
2 SO4 for 10 min, followed by 1000 mg·L−1 GA3 soaking for 48 h and stratification at 4 °C for 100 days. The seed germination percentage has increased significantly, to a peak of 42.67%, though the seeds could not germinate timely by NaOH scarification. Additionally, the dynamic changes of key stored substances (proteins, soluble sugars, starches, and fats), associated enzyme activities (amylases, peroxidase, and catalase), and endogenous hormones (abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) in seeds were investigated. The results demonstrated a continuous degradation of starch and fat in S. paniculata seeds, while the levels of protein and soluble sugar exhibited fluctuations, which probably facilitated seed dormancy breaking through energy supply and transformation. The enzymatic activities underwent rapid changes, accompanied by a gradual decrease in ABA content within the seeds with increasing stratification time. Notably, GA3 , GA3 /ABA, and (GA3 + IAA)/ABA showed significant increases, indicating their positive regulatory roles in seed germination. This study clarified the dormancy mechanism and established an effective method for the release dormancy of S. paniculata seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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29. Candidate gene mining of GA-mediated regulation of pear fruit shape.
- Author
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Xue, Zeyu, Yang, Ru, Wang, Yadong, Ma, Yuchen, Lin, Yujing, Li, Zhengao, Song, Yuqin, Feng, Xinxin, and Li, Liulin
- Abstract
Fruit shape is one of the important traits for quality evaluation, classification, and market grading of horticultural crops. In order to explore the genes regulating pear fruit shape formation, pear varieties 'Huangguan' and 'Korla Fragrant Pear' with significant differences in fruit shape were selected as experimental materials. Through morphological observation, measurement of fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit transverse diameter, and fruit shape index analysis of the pear fruit growth and development period, the formation of pear fruit shape during the young fruit period was preliminarily determined. By analyzing the transcriptome data of 'Huangguan' and 'Korla Fragrant Pear' at the young fruit stage, 8993 differentially expressed genes were obtained, and the majority of the genes were annotated to the plant hormone signaling pathway, among which gibberellin-related genes accounted for 13.4%. Spraying GA
3 at the full-bloom stage can significantly prolong the shape of oriental pear. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of the gibberellin metabolic pathway gene PbGA2ox11 in 'Huangguan' was significantly higher than that in 'Korla Fragrant Pear'. GA3 treatment inhibited the expression of this gene in 'Korla Fragrant Pear', while PP333 promoted the expression. It was speculated that PbGA2ox11 was most likely to regulate the shape of pear fruit by regulating gibberellin metabolism. This study provides a new method for studying fruit shape via the analysis of the gibberellin synthesis metabolic pathway, new resources for the rational use of plant growth regulators, and theoretical and technical support for cultivating excellent fruit shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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30. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Growth-Regulating Factors in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Du-Zhong).
- Author
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Wang, Ruoruo, Zhu, Ying, and Zhao, Degang
- Subjects
EUCOMMIA ulmoides ,FACTOR analysis ,BINDING sites ,CHROMOSOMES ,PLANT species - Abstract
The roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides contain a large amount of trans-polyisoprene (also known as Eu-rubber), which is considered to be an important laticiferous plant with valuable industrial applications. Eu-rubber used in industry is mainly extracted from leaves. Therefore, it is of great significance to identify genes related to regulating the leaf size of E. ulmoides. Plant growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play important roles in regulating leaf size, and their functions are highly conserved across different plant species. However, there have been very limited reports on EuGRFs until now. In this study, eight canonical EuGRFs with both QLQ and WRC domains and two putative eul-miR396s were identified in the chromosome-level genome of E. ulmoides. It is found that, unlike AtGRFs, all EuGRFs contain the miR396s binding site in the terminal of WRC domains. These EuGRFs were distributed on six chromosomes in the genome of E. ulmoides. Collinearity analysis of the E. ulmoides genome revealed that EuGRF1 and EuGRF3 exhibit collinear relationships with EuGRF2, suggesting that those three genes may have emerged via gene replication events. The collinear relationship between EuGRFs, AtGRFs, and OsGRFs showed that EuGRF5 and EuGRF8 had no collinear members in Arabidopsis and rice. Almost all EuGRFs show a higher expression level in growing and developing tissues, and most EuGRF promoters process phytohormone-response and stress-induced cis-elements. Moreover, we found the expression of EuGRFs was significantly induced by gibberellins (GA
3 ) in three hours, and the height of E. ulmoides seedlings was significantly increased one week after GA3 treatment. The findings in this study provide potential candidate genes for further research and lay the foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism underlying E. ulmoides development in response to GA3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Impact of diverse plant growth regulators on quality traits of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
- Author
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Seelothu, Rakesh, Medda, P. S., Dutta, Babli, Ghosh, Arunava, and Khalko, Surajit
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Interaction of phosphorus and GA3 improved oilseed flax grain yield and phosphorus-utilization efficiency
- Author
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Yingze Wang, Zhi Cao, Yuhong Gao, Bing Wu, Junyi Niu, Bin Yan, Yifan Wang, Zhengjun Cui, Ming Wen, Peng Xu, Haidi Wang, and Xingkang Ma
- Subjects
phosphorus ,GA3 ,oilseed flax ,phosphate fertilizer utilization ,grain yield ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
IntroductionPhosphorus nutrition and hormone concentration both affect crop yield formation. Ascertaining the interaction of phosphorus and GA3 has a synergistic effect on the grain yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency of oilseed flax in dryland. It is extremely important for improving grain yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency.MethodsA field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Dingxi Oil Crops Test Station to investigated the effects of phosphorus, gibberellin (GA3), and their interaction on the grain yield and phosphorus-utilization efficiency of oilseed flax plants. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied at three levels (0, 67.5, 135 kg P2O5·ha-1) and GA3 was also sprayed at three concentrations (0, 15, and 30 mg·L-1).ResultsThe results showed that application of 67.5 kg P2O5·ha-1 reduced leaves acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity, but increased phosphorus accumulation throughout the growth period, the 1000-kernel weight (TKW), and the number of grains per capsule. Spraying GA3 significantly increased the leaves ACPase activity, phosphorus accumulation after anthesis and its contribution to grain, phosphorus-utilization efficiency, the number of capsules per plant, and TKW. The phosphorus accumulation at the anthesis, kernel, and maturity stages under the treatment of fertilizing 67.5 kg P2O5·ha-1 and spraying 30 mg·L-1 GA3 were increased by 56.06%, 73.51%, and 62.17%, respectively, compared with the control (no phosphorus, no GA3). And the phosphorus accumulation after anthesis and its contribution to grain also increased. 67.5 kg P2O5·ha-1 combined with 30 mg·L-1 GA3 and 135 kg P2O5·ha-1 combined with 15 mg·L-1 GA3 both significantly increased grain yield of oilseed flax, reaching 1696 kg·ha-1 and 1716 kg·ha-1 across two years, respectively. And there was no significant difference between them. However, the former treatment significant increased the apparent utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate, and partial productivity of phosphorus. The interaction between phosphorus and GA3 was significant for grain yield.ConclusionTherefore, the application of 67.5 kg P2O5·ha-1 in combination with 30 mg·L-1 GA3 is an effective fertilization approach for enhancing oilseed flax growth and grain yield in the experiment region and other similar areas.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Effects of Different GA3 and Mycorrhiza Dosages on Mini Tuber Production in Potatoes
- Author
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Burak Dinçel and Güngör Yılmaz
- Subjects
potato ,mini tuber ,solanum tuberosum ,ga3 ,mikoriza ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
This study was conducted in 2017 under greenhouse conditions using selected four different potato clones to determine the effects of different doses of GA3 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on mini tuber production. The research, carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, applied GA3 doses of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm, and mycorrhizal inoculat doses of 0, 500, 1250, and 2000 mg/100 tubers. Parameters including emergence time, plant height, main stem number, tuber number, average tuber weight, tuber size distribution (>45 mm, 28-45 mm,
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Identification of NAC transcription factor genes CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 in tea plant and their response to different abiotic stresses
- Author
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KONG Jieyu, YANG Ni, LUO Wei, HU Zhihang, WANG Yahui, and ZHUANG Jing
- Subjects
tea plants ,nac transcription factor ,aba ,ga3 ,abiotic stress ,expression analysis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract [Objective] The study aims to identify the NAC transcription factor genes CsNAC79 and Cs- NAC9 in tea plants and analyze their expression patterns under drought, salt, high temperature, and low temperature stresses as well as ABA and GA3 treatments in order to provide references for functional analysis of CsNAC79 and CsNAC9. [Methods] CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 were amplified by RT-PCR from tea plant ‘Longjing 43’ and analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression of CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 under abiotic stresses in tea plants was analyzed by qRT-PCR. [Results] (1) CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 encoded 409 and 282 amino acids, respectively, and contain the conserved NAM domain of the NAC family at 15-150 amino acids and 11-134 amino acids, respectively. (2) CsNAC79 protein was closely related to Actinidia chinensis, Diospyros kaki, and Cynara scolymus, while CsNAC9 protein was closely related to Amygdalus persica, Litchi chinensis, and Durio zibethinus. Both of the NAC transcription factors were hydrophilic proteins without signal peptides and transmembrane structures. The promoter regions of CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 contained abiotic stress- responsive elements. Protein structure analysis showed that Cs- NAC79 and CsNAC9 proteins were mainly composed of random coils and α-helixes. (3) Expression analysis showed that CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 genes were up-regulated under different abiotic stresses. [Conclusion] The CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 genes in tea plants responded to various abiotic stresses.
- Published
- 2024
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35. Influence of some factors on growth characteristics of local Almond cultivar (prunus amygdulus).
- Author
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Hawa Saleh, Sulaiman Kako, and Najeeba Mohammed
- Subjects
plant growth regulator iba ,ga3 ,nitrogen ,almond seedling ,Agriculture - Abstract
This study was conducted during growing season (2022), in the nursery of the Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq, in summel district, situated at western of Duhok city (8 km from Duhok city center). The study consisted the effect of spray with different concentrations of IBA (0, 1000 and 1500mgl-1), GA3 (0, 750 and 1500mg L-1 ) and Nutri green (0 ,4 and 8mL.l) on some vegetative growth characteristics of almond (Prunus Amygdalus) seedling. The superior results indicated the following: seedling spray with IBA concentrations significantly gave the best increase length of shoots, leaf area, increase number of shoots, height of seedling, also seedling spray with GA3 concentrations effect significantly gave the best result of increase length of shoots, leaf area, decrease number of shoots, increase height of seedling, whereas seedling spray with Nutri green concentrations significantly gave the best result only of increase number of shoots.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Cracking Alleviation by Exogenous Calcium and GA3 in the Lane Late Navel Orange
- Author
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Guoji Shi, Xun Zhou, Cuiling Tong, and Dejian Zhang
- Subjects
Lane Late navel orange ,fruit cracking ,antioxidant capacity ,cell wall metabolic enzymes ,calcium ,GA3 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Fruit cracking is very common in the production and cultivation of citrus, and can lead to decreases in its yield and quality. Bacteria can easily invade cracked fruit and cause mildew, accelerate the spread of diseases and pests, affect the appearance of the fruit, and reduce its economic benefits. In order to explore a method for alleviating citrus cracking, the Lane Late navel orange, which is a citrus that easily cracks, was studied via treatment with 1.0 g·L−1 chelated calcium (Ca) or 50 mg·L−1 gibberellin (GA3). The fruit cracking rate, external and internal quality, active oxygen metabolism and expression levels of related genes, cell wall structure components, and metabolism-related enzyme activity and the expression levels of related genes were determined. The results showed that Ca and GA3 treatment significantly reduced the fruit cracking rate and increased the longitudinal and transverse diameter, single-fruit weight, pulp quality, and peel quality, but had no significant effect on the internal quality of the fruit. Ca and GA3 treatment also improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), enhanced the scavenging ability for active oxygen species, and thus reduced the contents of H2O2 and MDA and decreased the superoxide anion production rate. At the same time, Ca and GA3 treatment decreased the activities of protopectin-degrading enzymes (PME, PL, and PG) and cellulase (CX), prevented the degradation of pectin and cellulose in the cell wall, and increased their contents in the peel, thus improving the ductility and toughness of the peel and reducing the occurrence of cracked fruit. Ca and GA3 treatment significantly increased the relative expression levels of antioxidase-related genes (CsSOD and CsCAT) in fruit peel and decreased the relative expression levels of CsPPO and cell wall metabolism-related genes (CsPME, CsPL, CsPG, and CsCX). In summary, this study confirmed that exogenous calcium and gibberellin can reduce the fruit cracking rate by regulating the scavenging ability for active oxygen species and the cell wall metabolism of the Lane Late navel orange at the physiological and molecular level, laying a theoretical foundation for further analysis of citrus fruit cracking mechanisms and clarifying that spraying exogenous calcium and gibberellin on the citrus fruit surface is an effective production measure for preventing and alleviating fruit cracking. In particular, gibberellin is better than exogenous calcium.
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- 2024
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37. Influence of seed soaking and growing media on seed germination and vigour of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) seedlings
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Thakur, Shikha, Sharma, Rajnee, Pandey, S.K., Ramakrishnan, R. Shiv, Kumar, Raushan, and Singh, Deepak
- Published
- 2023
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38. Effect of different levels of GA3 with and without boron application on fruiting, yield and quality of guava fruits
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Singh, Prashant and Tripathi, V.K.
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- 2023
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39. Effect of gibberellic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of Firethorn (Pyracantha crenulata M. Roem.)
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Tariyal, Ashish, Manju, Bhatt, Rajendra, Semwal, Shikhar, and Thakur, Neha
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- 2023
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40. Effect of thidiazuron (TDZ), BA and GA3 on postharvest life of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat.) cv. Candor
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Ayoub, Ishfaq, Neelofar, Nazki, I.T., Bhat, Sajad Ahmad, Wani, Javaid Ahmad, Mushtaq, Khalid, Abass, and Rashid, Majid
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- 2023
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41. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the HD-Zip II gene family in response to drought and GA3 stresses in Nicotiana tabacum
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Liu, Liu, Zhang, Lincheng, Yang, Longhuan, Zheng, Jiahua, Jin, Jing, Tong, Shuoqiu, and Wu, Yongjun
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- 2024
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42. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the HD-Zip II gene family in response to drought and GA3 stresses in Nicotiana tabacum.
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Liu, Liu, Zhang, Lincheng, Yang, Longhuan, Zheng, Jiahua, Jin, Jing, Tong, Shuoqiu, and Wu, Yongjun
- Abstract
Background: Homeodomain-leucine ZIPper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The HD-ZIP family is categorised into four groups (HD-ZIP I-IV). While extensive genome-wide studies have been conducted on the HD-ZIP I, III, and IV subfamily in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), comprehensive reports on the HD-ZIP II subfamily genes are limited. Methods: Bioinformatics resources and tools were utilised to analyse molecular characteristics, phylogenetic homology, and protein interactions. Expression pattern analyses in various tissues and the relative expression of NtHD-ZIP II genes under drought and GA
3 treatment were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: In this study, 24 HD-ZIP II members were systematically identified and categorised into seven independent clades through phylogenetic analysis involving tobacco and other plant species. We found that 19 NtHD-ZIP II genes exhibited tissue-specific expression. The transcripts of NtHD-ZIPII3, 4, 14, 23, 24 were notably induced under the drought treatments, while those of NtHD-ZIPII7, 11, 12, 20 were suppressed. Furthermore, NtHD-ZIPII15 transcripts decreased following GA3 treatment, whereas the transcripts of NtHD-ZIPII7, 8, 11, 12 were induced after GA3 treatment. Notably, an increase in trichomes was observed in tobacco leaves treated with GA3 and subjected to drought. Conclusions: The expression levels of some HD-ZIP II genes were altered, and an increase in glandular trichomes was induced under GA3 and drought treatments in tobacco. Overall, our findings provide insights into the expression patterns of NtHD-ZIP II genes and will facilitate their functional characterisation in future studies. Highlights: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of 24 HD-ZIP II Subfamily Genes in Nicotiana tabacum Including, Differential Expression in Leaves Under Drought and GA3 Stress as Assessed by qRT-PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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43. The impact of chemical and hormonal treatments to improve seed germination and seedling growth of Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endi.
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Jabbour, Alae Ahmad and Alzahrani, Abdulaziz
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GERMINATION ,SEED treatment ,INDOLEACETIC acid ,JUNIPERS ,SEED dormancy ,SEEDS - Abstract
Purpose. Juniper (Juniperus procera) is a common forest tree species in Saudi Arabia. The decline in many populations of J. procera in Saudi Arabia is mainly due to seed dormancy and loss of natural regeneration. This study assessed the effects of chemical and hormonal treatments on seed germination and seedling growth in juniper plants. Methods. The seeds were subjected to either chemical scarification with 90% sulfuric acid and 20% acetic acid for 6 min or hormonal treatment by seed soaking in two concentrations (50 and 100 ppm) of three growth regulators, namely, indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and kinetin, for 72 h. A control group without any seed treatment was also prepared. The experiments were performed in an incubator maintained at room temperature and under a light and dark period of 12 h for 6 w. The germinated seeds for each treatment were counted and removed from the dishes. The selected germinated seeds from different treatments were planted in a greenhouse and irrigated with tap water for another 6 weeks. The hormone-treated seedlings were sprayed with their corresponding hormone concentrations 1 w after planting. Results. The highest percentage of seed germination was significantly recorded after seed soaking in 50 ppm GA3, whereas treatment with IAA (100 ppm) resulted in the best seedling growth. Seedlings treated with the three phytohormones showed a significant increase in photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, proteins, percentage of oil, IAA, GA3, and kinetin contents of juniper seedlings compared with the control value, whereas abscisic acid content was decreased compared with chemical treatments. Conclusion. The investigated different treatments had an effective role in breaking seed dormancy and improving seedling growth of J. procera, which is facing a notable decline in its population worldwide. Moreover, such an effect was more pronounced in the three phytohormones that succeeded in breaking dormancy and growth of the Juniperus plant than in the other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Seed Priming with Nanoencapsulated Gibberellic Acid Triggers Beneficial Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Tomato Plants under Different Water Conditions.
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Fregonezi, Bruno F., Pereira, Anderson E. S., Ferreira, Josué M., Fraceto, Leonardo F., Gomes, Diego G., and Oliveira, Halley C.
- Subjects
- *
TOMATOES , *GIBBERELLIC acid , *TOMATO seeds , *DEIONIZATION of water , *LEAF area , *PHOTOSYSTEMS , *WATER efficiency - Abstract
Water deficit (WD) promotes great losses in agriculture, and the development of new sustainable technologies to mitigate the effects of this stress on plants is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiological and biochemical alterations induced by the priming of tomato seeds with different formulations in plants under field capacity and WD conditions. In the first experiment, the treatments consisted of nanoparticles of alginate/chitosan and chitosan/tripolyphosphate containing gibberellic acid (GA3) in different concentrations (0.5, 5, and 50 µg mL−1 GA3), in addition to control with deionized water. The alginate/chitosan (5 µg mL−1 GA3) provided the greatest gains in plant growth under field capacity. In addition, under WD this treatment reduced damage to photosystem II (−14%), stomatal conductance (−13%), and water loss (−38%) and increased the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (+24%) and intrinsic water use efficiency (+12%). In the second experiment, the treatments were alginate/chitosan nanoparticles containing GA3 (NPGA3 5 µg mL−1), free GA3 (GA3 5 µg mL−1), nanoparticles without GA3 (NP), deionized water (WATER), and non-primed seeds (CONT). Under WD, GA3 and CONT maintained plant growth and lost water rapidly, reducing stomatal conductance (−87%) and net photosynthesis (−69%). In contrast, NPGA3 decreased leaf area (−44%) and increased root-to-shoot ratio (+39%) when compared to GA3, reducing water loss (−28%). Activation of protective mechanisms (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) by WATER, NPGA3, and NP treatments also resulted in lower susceptibility to WD compared to CONT and GA3. The results highlight the positive effect of seed priming on plant response to WD, which was enhanced by the use of nanoencapsulated GA3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Impact of Diverse Plant Growth Regulators on Quality Traits of Garlic (Allium sativum L.).
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Rakesh, Seelothu, Medda, P. S., Dutta, Babli, Ghosh, Arunava, and Khalko, Surajit
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- *
PLANT regulators , *GARLIC , *TROPICAL crops , *KINETIN , *GROWTH regulators , *AGRICULTURAL processing , *DISTILLED water - Abstract
The present study was conducted at the instructional cum research farm of the Department of Plantation Crops and Processing of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, India during rabi season for consecutive two years (October-2019 to March-2020 and October-2020 to march-2021) to investigate the "Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Quality attributes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)" with various growth regulators (GA3 @ 50 ppm, GA3 @ 100 ppm, GA3 @ 150 ppm, NAA @ 50 ppm, NAA @ 100 ppm, NAA @ 200 ppm, Kinetin @ 10 ppm, Kinetin @ 20 ppm, Kinetin @ 40 ppm and Control (Distilled water). In view of, effect of different plant growth regulators on quality attributes has observed significant variation. Results pertaining to total soluble solids, significantly highest TSS recorded under GA3 @100 ppm treated plots (32.10 °Brix), however, dry matter content of bulb was highest at GA3 @ 50 ppm (33.63%). Interestingly, highest oleoresin content of the bulb was also reported from the GA3 @ 50 ppm treated plots (0.24 g) with lowest physiological loss of bulb weight (7.04%). The control plots treated with distilled water was produced qualitatively inferior bulbs. The aim of the study provided valuable results to determine the potential growth regulator for enhancing post-harvest quality attribute of garlic by employing methodology of Randomized Block Design comprising of three replications with ten treatments. Based on the current experimental results, it may be concluded that foliar application of GA3 @ 50 ppm proved the best over other plant growth regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
46. Production of Gibberellic Acid by Solid-State Fermentation Using Wastes from Rice Processing and Brewing Industry.
- Author
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Pinheiro, Upiragibe V., Wancura, João H. C., Brondani, Michel, da Silva, Camila M., Mainardi, Marco A., Gai, Rafaela M., and Jahn, Sérgio L.
- Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA
3 ) is a natural hormone present in some plants used in agricultural formulations as a growth regulator. Currently, its production on an industrial scale is performed by submerged fermentation using the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, which is associated with low yields, leaving the purification stages with high costs. An alternative is solid-state fermentation (SSF), which makes it possible to obtain higher concentrations of product using low-cost substrates, such as agroindustrial by-products. This research investigated the use of raw rice bran (RRB) and barley malt residue (BMR) as substrates for GA3 production by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Through two statistical designs, the effect of moisture (50 to 70 wt.%) and medium composition (RRB content between 30 and 70 wt.% to a mass ratio between RRB and BMR) was first evaluated. Using the best conditions previously obtained, the effect of adding glucose (carbon source, between 0 and 80 g·L−1 ) and ammonium nitrate—NH4 NO3 —(nitrogen source, between 0 and 5 g·L−1 ) on GA3 productivity was analyzed. The best yield was obtained using 30 wt.% RRB and 70 wt.% BMR for a medium with 70 wt.% of moisture after 7 days of process. It was also found that higher concentrations of NH4 NO3 favor the GA3 formation for intermediate values of glucose content (40 g·L−1 ). Finally, a kinetic investigation showed an increasing behavior in the GA3 production (10.1 g·kg of substrate−1 was obtained), with a peak on the seventh day and subsequent tendency to stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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47. Influence of some factors on growth characteristics of local Almond cultivar (prunus amygdulus).
- Author
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Saleh, Hawa A., Kako, Sulaiman M., and Mohammed, Najeeba W.
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GROWING season ,ALMOND ,SEEDLINGS ,PLANT shoots ,CHLOROPHYLL - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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48. 不同处理对鲜食枣新品种“云密”坐果率的影响.
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包杭盖, 包文慧, 潘青华, 张玉平, and 白玉娥
- Abstract
The fresh edible jujube variety Yunmi' selected in Beijing was used as the test material, and various treatments such as ring strip- ping of the main stem, gibberellin spray, and ring stripping of the main stem+gibberellin spray were applied during the blooming period to study their effects on fruit set rate, growth, and fruit development. The results showed that the effects of three concentrations of gibberellin treatments on the fruit set showed inverse results, while the decreasing width of ring stripping could increase fruit set rate, but conversely could increase fruit weight per fruit. The treatment of trunk ring stripping+gibberellin spray not only improved fruit quality, but also increased fruit shape index, improved appearance index, and increased fruit set rate. Therefore, the treatment of 2 mm+10 mg/L ring stripping of the main stem+gibberellin spray is an effective method to improve the yield and quality of the Yunmi' jujube fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Comprehensive Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Paulownia fortunei and the Response of DELLA Proteins to Paulownia Witches' Broom.
- Author
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Li, Yixiao, Cao, Yabing, Fan, Yujie, and Fan, Guoqiang
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GENE families , *AMINO acid sequence , *GENE amplification , *TREE breeding , *HORMONE regulation - Abstract
The GRAS (GAI\RGA\SCL) gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant growth and development, stress tolerance, and hormone network regulation. Plant dwarfing symptom is mainly regulated by DELLA proteins of the GRAS gene subfamily. In this study, the association between the GRAS gene family and Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) was investigated. A total of 79 PfGRAS genes were identified using bioinformatics methods and categorized into 11 groups based on amino acid sequences. Tandem duplication and fragment duplication were found to be the main modes of amplification of the PfGRAS gene family. Gene structure analysis showed that more than 72.1% of the PfGRASs had no introns. The genes PfGRAS12/18/58 also contained unique DELLA structural domains; only PfGRAS12, which showed significant response to PaWB phytoplasma infection in stems, showed significant tissue specificity and responded to gibberellin (GA3) in PaWB-infected plants. We found that the internodes were significantly elongated under 100 µmol·L−1 GA3 treatment for 30 days. The subcellular localization analysis indicated that PfGRAS12 is located in the nucleus and cell membrane. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed that PfGRAS12 interacted with PfJAZ3 in the nucleus. Our results will lay a foundation for further research on the functions of the PfGRAS gene family and for genetic improvement and breeding of PaWB-resistant trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Identification of flowering genes in Camellia perpetua by comparative transcriptome analysis.
- Author
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Yu, Jing-jing, Cui, Jia, Huang, Han, Cen, Dong-can, Liu, Fang, Xu, Zeng-Fu, and Wang, Yi
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- *
GROWING season , *PLANT phenology , *CAMELLIAS , *BUDS , *FLOWERING time , *INFLORESCENCES , *FLOWERS , *GENES - Abstract
Camellia perpetua has the excellent characteristic of flowering multiple times throughout the year, which is of great importance to solve the problem of "short flowering period" and "low fresh flower yield" in the yellow Camellia industry at present. Observations of flowering phenology have demonstrated that most floral buds of C. perpetua were formed by the differentiation of axillary buds in the scales at the base of the terminal buds of annual branches. However, the molecular mechanism of flowering in C. perpetua is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic study of the terminal buds and their basal flower buds in March (spring) and September (autumn) using RNA-seq and found that a total of 11,067 genes were significantly differentially expressed in these two periods. We identified 27 genes related to gibberellin acid (GA) synthesis, catabolism, and signal transduction during floral bud differentiation. However, treatment of the terminal buds and axillary buds of C. perpetua on annual branch with GA3 did not induce floral buds at the reproductive growth season (in August) but promoted shoot sprouting. Moreover, 203 flowering genes were identified from the C. perpetua transcriptome library through homology alignment, including flowering integrators LEAFY (LFY) and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), as well as MADS-box, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-box (SBP-box), and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) genes, which were specifically upregulated in floral buds and were likely involved in flowering in C. perpetua. The floral inhibitor CperTFL1b was identified and cloned from C. perpetua, and its expression level was specifically regulated in terminal buds in autumn. Ectopic overexpression of CperTFL1b delayed flowering time and produced abnormal inflorescence and floral organs in Arabidopsis, suggesting that CperTFL1b inhibits flowering. In conclusion, this study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanism of blooms throughout the year in C. perpetua and provides a helpful reference for cultivating new varieties of yellow Camellia with improved flowering traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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