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Agricultural trade is the foundation of world trade and an important link in economic and trade relations between countries or regions. Exploring the competitiveness and complementarity of the agricultural trade between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, could provide a theoretical basis for tapping the growth potential of the agricultural trade between China and ASEAN and expanding the trade relationship. According to the theory of comparative advantage, trade complementarity theory, and intra-industry trade theory, and based on UN Comtrade data from 2013 to 2022, this study uses the Regional Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the Trade Complementarity Index, and the Intra-Industry Trade Index to measure the competitiveness, complementarity, and intra-industry trade level of China–ASEAN agricultural trade, including HS01-24 commodities. The results show that the agricultural trade between China and ASEAN is both competitive and complementary. The competitiveness of China's agricultural exports to ASEAN is greater than that of ASEAN's agricultural exports to China, and the complementarity of the former is less than that of the latter. Both sides have their own comparative advantage products, and there is also a strong competitive relationship in some agricultural product fields. The bilateral agricultural trade is mainly intra-industry trade, and the level is relatively high, while some strongly competitive agricultural products urgently need to transform from inter-industry to intra-industry trade. China and ASEAN should participate in bilateral trade based on the comparative advantages of their own agricultural products; ASEAN should improve the quality of agricultural products to enhance international competitiveness; China should tap into the market demand for ASEAN agricultural products to enhance the complementarity of its agricultural exports to ASEAN; and the two sides should formulate different policies for different types of agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to evaluate changes in Italy's competitiveness in the global wood products market, with a particular focus on wooden furniture and wood panels, both final and intermediate products of the crucial wooden furniture supply chain. The analysis is conducted through a cross-country comparison using trade flow matrices and various descriptive indices: Market Share, Trade Competitiveness Index, Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, and the Symmetric Balassa Index. Furthermore, this study also examines intra-industry trade using the Grubel–Lloyd Index. While each index has its limitations when used individually, their combined analysis can provide a more comprehensive view. The study covers the period from 1996 to 2019, using data from FAO and COMTRADE sources. The results show that Italy maintains a significant position in the international furniture market, although this position has deteriorated over time. Conversely, Italy remains a net importer of wood panels. Trade flows have become more concentrated, with Canada and Germany still holding importance in the international market. However, Asian countries have now become the core of the commercial network. China has emerged as the leading exporting country in all product categories considered, with Vietnam and Malaysia also increasing in importance. Noteworthy progress has also been recorded by Russia and Poland in Europe. Additionally, the study discusses the implications of these findings for rural development, particularly in regions dependent on the wood-product sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the intraindustrial trade structure of the Turkish fisheries sector has been affected by global climate change. Therefore, the surface temperatures of the Black Sea, Marmara, Mediteranean and Aegean seas and the Grubel-Lloyd index values related to the sector for the period 1985-2017 were used as variables in the study. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test was used to determine the cointegration relationship between variables and to predict longterm coefficients. The Error Correction Model (ECM) method was used to determine the short-term coefficients. According to the results of the analyses: (i) There is a long-term relationship between the variables; (ii) Increases in the surface temperature of the Aegean, Mediterranean and Marmara seas have reduced intra-industrial trade in the long-term; (iii) The increase in the Black Sea surface temperature has increased intra-industry trade in the long-term; (iv) The increase in sea surface temperatures has shown a tendency to increase intraindustry trade from the southern seas towards the northern seas in Turkey. Consequently, global climate change can be considered as a change in intra-industry trade for both the country and the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper discusses whether "enlargement fatigue," slowing down the European Union integration process of 6 Candidate Countries (C6), can be explained by the poor economic and trade performance of those economies, especially in trading with the EU. We comprehensively analyzed the merchandise trade of those economies with the EU in 2007–2018 using numerous quantitative techniques and applying a very high level of data disaggregation. First, the value of similarity indicators between the C6's export and EU import structures and indices of intra-industry trade was calculated. Then we controlled for additional factors: the changes in C6's exports (imports) to the EU through shares of goods at higher levels of processing, as well as their export (import) specialization. The conclusion is that the weak trade performances of C6 are not the cause of enlargement fatigue, as these economies saw moderate structural improvements in their trade with the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The South African pharmaceutical sector is Africa’s largest and most advanced but heavily depends on imported products and active pharmaceutical ingredients to meet its demands. The status quo is due to low intra-industry trade, which is necessary to induce innovation and technological progress essential for accelerating local production, export growth and reducing dependence on imports. Aim: The primary objective of this article was to examine intra-industry trade in South Africa’s pharmaceutical sector and subsequently, total factor productivity (TFP) as a key driver of intra-industry trade. Setting: Intra-industry trade was measured using data obtained from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development databases, while the TFP was measured using data from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) covering 2001–2021. Method: The marginal intra-industry trade index (MIIT) and unmatched changes in trade (UMCIT) were used to measure intra-industry trade, while the Malmquist total factor productivity (MTFP) index was used to analyse SARB data to determine TFP. Results: The MIIT index and UMCIT revealed that trade is predominantly inter-industry with episodes of industry specialisation and significant intra-industry changes. The MTFP results showed that TFP is solely driven by technical changes. Conclusion: The study recommends that South Africa should develop a coordinated and sustainable innovation system in the pharmaceutical sector. This will help prevent sporadic technological advancements and promote intra-industry trade. Contribution: The article contributes to the empirical literature on intra-industry trade in developing countries by showing the correlation between an improvement in TFP and an increase in intra-industry trade necessary to stimulate domestic production to reduce high import demand.

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The aim of this article is to elucidate intra-industry trade in agri-food products between Poland and other EU countries. This approach focuses on the analysis of Poland’s intra-industry trade with the integrative group and selected EU countries, distinguishing between horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. It also identifies the countries with which Poland exports higher-quality product groups than it imports, and those to which it exports lower-quality agri-food products compared to the ones it imports. The Grubel-Lloyd index (IIT – intra-industry trade) is applied to calculate intra-industry trade. To differentiate between vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade, unit values are utilized, assuming that relative prices reflect relative characteristics, where horizontally differentiated products are homogeneous (perfect substitutes) and possess the same quality, while vertically differentiated products have varying prices reflecting different qualities. A division was also made into high vertical intra-industry trade, characterized by higher-quality exported products, and low vertical intra-industry trade, characterized by higher-quality imported products. The research findings indicate that Poland’s trade in agri-food products with EU countries predominantly exhibits characteristics of vertical intra-industry trade, with the quality of exported products generally surpassing that of imported ones.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate changes in Italy’s competitiveness in the global wood products market, with a particular focus on wooden furniture and wood panels, both final and intermediate products of the crucial wooden furniture supply chain. The analysis is conducted through a cross-country comparison using trade flow matrices and various descriptive indices: Market Share, Trade Competitiveness Index, Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, and the Symmetric Balassa Index. Furthermore, this study also examines intra-industry trade using the Grubel–Lloyd Index. While each index has its limitations when used individually, their combined analysis can provide a more comprehensive view. The study covers the period from 1996 to 2019, using data from FAO and COMTRADE sources. The results show that Italy maintains a significant position in the international furniture market, although this position has deteriorated over time. Conversely, Italy remains a net importer of wood panels. Trade flows have become more concentrated, with Canada and Germany still holding importance in the international market. However, Asian countries have now become the core of the commercial network. China has emerged as the leading exporting country in all product categories considered, with Vietnam and Malaysia also increasing in importance. Noteworthy progress has also been recorded by Russia and Poland in Europe. Additionally, the study discusses the implications of these findings for rural development, particularly in regions dependent on the wood-product sectors.

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Theoretical background: The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is the largest mega-regional trade agreement ever signed, accounting for more than 30% of the global population, exports, and gross domestic product (GDP). It is also the largest automotive market worldwide, with significant potential both in terms of automotive manufacturing and sales. Purpose of the article: The paper’s main objective is to characterize China-RCEP automotive trade in the years 2012–2021 with reference to key provisions and implications of the aforementioned mega-regional trade agreement for the automotive industry. In the empirical part of the paper, the authors attempt to verify the hypothesis that trade liberalization under RCEP may contribute to the expansion of the regional automotive industry in terms of trade volume, as well as fragmentation of value and supply chains. Research methods: The authors conducted an analysis of intra-industry trade disaggregated into 54 six-digit HS tariff codes using the Grubel–Lloyd and Balassa indexes, accompanied by cross sectional analysis and studies of sectoral reports and literature in the field of mega-regionalism in trade. Main findings: The hypothesis formulated in the introduction of the paper was verified positively –the authors provided an added value to previous empirical studies on RCEP, in the form of a perspective of the automotive industry and in-depth analysis of sectoral trends for the last ten years. The potential for further fragmentation of value and supply chains inside the region was identified, including the possibility of relocation of manufacturing and assembly activities to lower the cost of RCEP Member States to strengthen comparative advantages over extra-regional counterparts (EU, USMCA). The authors pointed at the prospective rising attractiveness of RCEP in automotive manufacturers’ location decisions worldwide, considering both costs, retreat from global-oriented manufacturing and export strategies, investment security, sustainable development, as well as geopolitical trends in respect of newly established tariff and non-tariff barriers.

Ocean-sea acidification is an important issue that threatens the blue economies of countries. Increases in carbon dioxide concentration are making the seas increasingly acidic. The acidification of the seas causes a decrease in carbonate saturation and adverse biological effects on marine organisms. The impact of the entire ecosystem due to acidification has both social and economic consequences. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether the intra-industry trade structure of Turkey's blue economy (for the fishery sector) is affected by acidification. Therefore, in the study, the total greenhouse gas equivalent to carbon dioxide, real gross domestic product and Grubel-Lloyd index values for the period 1990-2019 were used as variables. ARDL bounds test and ECM method were used to determine the cointegration relationship between the variables and to obtain the short-long-term coefficients. According to the results of the analysis; i) There is a cointegration relationship between the variables. ii) In the long run, increases in total greenhouse gas equivalent to carbon dioxide increase intra-industry trade. iii) Increases in real gross domestic product in the short and long run increase intra-industry trade. As a result, ocean-sea acidification has the power to change the intra-industry trade that belongs to blue economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Internasjonal Politikk is the property of Cappelen Damm Akademisk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This study analyzes the impacts of imitation ability on major ASEAN countries' horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade for the period 2006–2016. The unique features of this study are twofold. Firstly, we develop a new composite index of imitation ability based on broad coverage of various components. Secondly, we consider the differential impacts of imitation ability on ASEAN countries' intra-industry trade with partner countries grouped by their levels of economic development. We found that ASEAN countries' imitation ability positively impacts the extent of their horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade globally. However, the impact of imitation ability on ASEAN countries' HIIT is the highest in their trade with middle-income countries. In contrast, the effect of imitation ability on ASEAN countries' VIIT is the strongest in their trade with high-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Second World War, it was observed that trade between two countries could not be explained entirely by the classical and neoclassical models of trade that emphasised inter-industry trade. It was found that trade between countries was increasingly dominated by Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), where countries exchanged products that fell in the same category. In this paper, we try to determine the IIT between India and its top fifteen trading patterns. Unlike other papers, we do not simply calculate aggregate IIT for all merchandise trade. Instead, we focus on manufactured products and divide them into ten categories based on their technological content. Our analysis reveals that while India's IIT has increased in recent years, it is not the dominant form of trade between India and its most important partners. When we look at the factors that determine IIT, we find that India's comparative advantage and trade agreements play a positive and significant role in increasing IIT. Lastly, a unique analysis of the category Medium Technology Manufactures - Process reveals that this sector has potential for higher IIT and gains from it if India can enhance its efficiency and increase its size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse intra-industry trade in the manufacturing industry sector with the EU countries, where Turkey has the most trade. The period of the study is 2000-2020. The countries examined are Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Belgium-Luxembourg, Sweden, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Austria, Ireland, Denmark, and the UK. In the analysis, the Grubel Lloyd index was used, which is one of the widely applied static measurement methods in the literature. The study discusses intra-industry trade of manufacturing industry products according to the 3rd revision of the Standard International Trade Classification. According to the analysis results, when Turkey’s foreign trade is evaluated on a sectoral basis, it has been observed that high intra-industry trade is realized in product groups with low added value. Another result obtained is that intra-industry trade with the UK, Germany, France, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania reached high values.

This paper investigates the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on the development of intra-industry trade (IIT) for eight Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEE) from 1997 to 2019. The aim of the paper is to compare and explain the possible heterogeneous impact of different RTAs on IIT across countries while controlling for differences in development levels between economic integration member states. Our analysis is based on country-product level data obtained from UN Comtrade. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the CEFTA and EU integration agreements have a highly positive effect on IIT in comparison with other RTAs. However, the scope of the impact varies across countries, primarily depending on the economic development asymmetries that are in this paper proxied by the GDP per capita. We developed and estimated an augmented structural gravity model using Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood Estimator. The main contribution of our paper is the inclusion of the FTA-economic development gap interaction term, which enabled us to enrich the empirical findings of the research. Our results show that the main hypothesis holds, but also that an increase in economic asymmetries between integration members negatively affects IIT, thus indicating potentially increasing trade adjustment costs for new member states of an integration. These results go in favor of EU pre-integration and post-integration policies that have the goal of diminishing the economic development gap between future and present integration members.

Intra-industry trade has a paramount value in the theory of international trade due to the reason that it establishes the base for exploiting economies of scale and product differentiation, which ultimately ensures the existence of comparative advantage. The current research is an endeavour to examine the determinants of intra-industry trade through Augmented Gravity Equation (AGE) and the potential of intra-industry trade through revealed comparative advantage (de-termined by the Balassa index); in the selective industries of Pakistan, with its top eleven trading partners. For this purpose, the top five exporting industries of Pakistan are selected which include textile and clothing, agro-food, engineering goods and manufacturing goods, leather and minerals and metals. Data for the period from 2003 to 2016 is used for analysis. The random effects panel data model is used to estimate the independent factors of IIT such as the difference in market size, the difference in per capita income, common border, economic distance, and free trade agreement. The results calculated through AGE mainly showed that the difference in market size and per capita income significantly alter the course of IIT in Pakistan due to variations in the development stage between Pakistan and its trading partners. Further, the RCA showed the highest trend in the textile and clothing industry and the lowest in the transportation industry of Pakistan. Finally; it is suggested that in Pakistan, innovative and differentiated goods are required to be produced to attain economies of scale and capture international markets. In this way, its balance of payments can be improved.

Theoretical background: The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is the largest mega- regional trade agreement ever signed, accounting for more than 30% of the global population, exports, and gross domestic product (GDP). It is also the largest automotive market worldwide, with significant potential both in terms of automotive manufacturing and sales.Purpose of the article: The paper’s main objective is to characterize China-RCEP automotive trade in the years 2012–2021 with reference to key provisions and implications of the aforementioned mega-regional trade agreement for the automotive industry. In the empirical part of the paper, the authors attempt to verify the hypothesis that trade liberalization under RCEP may contribute to the expansion of the regional automotive industry in terms of trade volume, as well as fragmentation of value and supply chains. Research methods: The authors conducted an analysis of intra-industry trade disaggregated into 54 six-digit HS tariff codes using the Grubel–Lloyd and Balassa indexes, accompanied by cross sectional analysis and studies of sectoral reports and literature in the field of mega-regionalism in trade. Main findings: The hypothesis formulated in the introduction of the paper was verified positively –the authors provided an added value to previous empirical studies on RCEP, in the form of a perspective of the automotive industry and in-depth analysis of sectoral trends for the last ten years. The potential for further fragmentation of value and supply chains inside the region was identified, including the possibility of relocation of manufacturing and assembly activities to lower the cost of RCEP Member States to strengthen comparative advantages over extra-regional counterparts (EU, USMCA). The authors pointed at the prospective rising attractiveness of RCEP in automotive manufacturers’ location decisions worldwide, considering both costs, retreat from global-oriented manufacturing and export strategies, investment security, sustainable development, as well as geopolitical trends in respect of newly established tariff and non-tariff barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of intra-industry trade and inter-industry trade in international trade in different regions can fully explain the status of export trade and the advantages and disadvantages of products in different regions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the overall agricultural trade situation between China and Ukraine and the nature of the specific trade. To analyze agricultural import and export trade data between China and Ukraine, the author uses the Grubel-Lloyd index (intra-industry trade index) and the Brulhart index (the marginal inter-industry trade index in a specific period). The Grubel-Lloyd index measures the intra-industry trade of a particular product. The Brulhart index is closely related to that of intra-industry trade, that being the export and import of the same items, but concerns changes in exports and imports between two points in time as opposed to their values at a given point in time. The research is based on data for 2011-2020, which are contained in the UN Comtrade database. The research results show that agricultural trade between China and Ukraine is mutually beneficial. The difference in agricultural resource endowment and agricultural structure directly affects the trade of agricultural products between the two countries. The agricultural products exported from China to Ukraine are mainly unprocessed or primary processed agricultural products. Seafood, meat products, fruits, and vegetables account for a large proportion. The main imports are also primary processed agricultural products such as grains and vegetable oils. The agricultural product trade between the two countries is mainly based on intra-industry trade, and the difference in agricultural technology level is an important factor in determining bilateral agricultural exports.

This article examines the impact of environmental stringency on the pattern of intra-industry trade (IIT) flows of four pollution-intensive industries, that is, pulp and waste paper, lime, cement, and construction materials, iron ore and concentrates, and dyeing and tanning extracts, by utilizing a balanced panel dataset comprising of 36 countries over the period 1990 to 2019. The environmental stringency variable has been estimated from the energy intensity of the trading countries. The results show that the environmental stringency coefficients are highly statistically significant, implying that environmental regulation emerges as an essential indicator of the IIT flows between two trading countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the E.U.-U.S. Trade and Technology Council (TTC), initiated amid trade tensions and political changes, aimed at enhancing bilateral trade and collaboration on technological challenges. It reports the TTC has facilitated transatlantic unity, addressing issues like the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the approach to China, yet as of 2024, disagreements arise over clean technology subsidies and tech regulation, while upcoming elections may further strain relations.

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective/Meaning】 The level of wine trade between China and Australia was analyzed from the perspective of intra-industry trade, in order to provide ideas for the further development of wine industry in the two countries. 【Methods/Procedures】 The UN Comrade database was used to describe the current situation of wine trade between China and Australia from 2010 to 2020. The overall level of the intra-industry trade of wine between China and Australia was analyzed through the measurement of G-L index, and the level of the dynamic intra-industry trade of wine between China and Australia was analyzed through the measurement of MITT index. 【Results/Conclusions】 After measuring the trade data and intra-industry trade index of wine industry between China and Australia in the recent ten years, the G-L index of wine intra-industry trade between China and Australia was between 0 and 0.25, indicating that the degree of intra-industry trade was low with a highly vertical division of labor; the MITT index was generally low (less than 0.50), indicating that the degree of intra-industry trade was low, which was manifested as the inter-industry trade. Therefore, the wine industry in China should make good use of the advantages of natural conditions and improve the international competitiveness of wine by digging the latitude line of Chinese golden grapes, and the wine industry in Australia should depend on the positive dialogue and cooperation between the countries to optimize the investment structure in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of trade performance to overall economic fundamentals, the question arises as to the extent that South East European Countries (SEEC) have successfully followed the successful transition path of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). To address this issue, we use similarity indicators to calculate possible convergence between the export structures of SEEC and CEEC from 2007-2008 to 2018-2019. We then compute the value of the similarity coefficients of SEEC and CEEC export structures and compare them with EU import structures, and intra-industry trade for both SEEC and CEEC. Next, we calculate the qualitative changes of both SEEC and CEEC merchandise trade through the tendency of technology-intensive products. The results of these two groups are compared to determine whether SEEC trade performance is converging to that of the CEEC. The results show structural improvements and an above-average increase in SEEC trade since 2007. However, given the simultaneous, moderate qualitative trade progress in the CEEC, the convergence between these two groups is insufficient to close the gap in the foreseeable future.

We scrutinize international trade arising from oligopolistic rivalry (reciprocal dumping) in a model where the goods are horizontally differentiated and where otherwise symmetric firms located in different regions adopt asymmetric strategies—one competing in prices and the other competing in quantities. Unidirectional and intra‐industry trade appear endogenously in our framework. We show that as trade costs decline the equilibrium outcome will transition from autarky through a region of unidirectional trade, before intra‐industry trade ultimately arises. In the unidirectional trade region, potential market entry by the rival has an impact on firm behavior even though the rival is not exporting. The implications of product differentiation and changing trade costs for trade volumes and for the gains from trade are asymmetric in general. Welfare may rise monotonically as trade costs fall for one of the economies, but will necessarily fall initially relative to autarky for the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra-industry trade has a paramount value in the theory of international trade due to the reason that it establishes the base for exploiting economies of scale and product differentiation, which ultimately ensures the existence of comparative advantage. The current research is an endeavour to examine the determinants of intra-industry trade through Augmented Gravity Equation (AGE) and the potential of intra-industry trade through revealed comparative advantage (determined by the Balassa index); in the selective industries of Pakistan, with its top eleven trading partners. For this purpose, the top five exporting industries of Pakistan are selected which include textile and clothing, agro-food, engineering goods and manufacturing goods, leather and minerals and metals. Data for the period from 2003 to 2016 is used for analysis. The random effects panel data model is used to estimate the independent factors of IIT such as the difference in market size, the difference in per capita income, common border, economic distance, and free trade agreement. The results calculated through AGE mainly showed that the difference in market size and per capita income significantly alter the course of IIT in Pakistan due to variations in the development stage between Pakistan and its trading partners. Further, the RCA showed the highest trend in the textile and clothing industry and the lowest in the transportation industry of Pakistan. Finally; it is suggested that in Pakistan, innovative and differentiated goods are required to be produced to attain economies of scale and capture international markets. In this way, its balance of payments can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper outlines a functionalist approach to the complex “Brexit” phenomenon, exploring those opportunities that can be derived of it for third countries, unaware of the upheaval European scenario, as could be the case of India. In pro-Brexit approaches, The Indian Union appears as one of the most important countries of the Anglosphere area, particularly significant for a future focus of the brand-new “Global UK”, a relevant global partner in economic, trade & investment aspects. Due to the denominated “Intra-Industry Trade” (IIT), instrumented over the Global Value Chains (GVCs), which possibly constitutes one of the fundamental explanatory elements of the Global World, we have proposed an analysis of the UKIndia relations from the IIT & GVCs perspective. Therefore, in our work, we do an analysis of the evolution, situation and perspectives of this kind of trade, especially for its three main sectors: Apparel & Footwear, Electronics and Transport Vehicles.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intra-industry trade on inflation for Iran during the period 1992-2017. Although in the framework of traditional trade theories, the effect of foreign trade on inflation is generally considered negative, studies over the topic based on new trade theories (NTT) are little and with no definite results. However, intra-industry trade seems to be able to moderate inflation through several ways, such as economies of scale and product differentiation. The results of estimate a smooth transition regression for Iran show that intra-industry trade in the form of a three-regime structure has a negative and significant negative effect on inflation. This finding is consistent with the Krugman models. Also, the results of the present study show that the effect of intra-industry trade on inflation rate has been non-linear and its presence accompanied with other factors has moderated the inflation. Based on the results, the policy recommendation of this research is to reform the structure of foreign trade in favor of intra-industry trade trade in such a way that while developing foreign trade based on comparative and competitive advantages, it is possible to adjust the inflation rate.

The reductions of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions are an essential objective of the European Union (EU) to achieving the reduction target by 20% by 2020. Along with energy consumption and agriculture, trade has a diverse impact on climate change. International trade usually negatively affects the environment, while the influence of intra-industry trade is more favourable. The paper investigates the impact of energy use, agriculture, and intra-industry trade on environmental pollution in EU countries using panel data for the period 2000-2014. The research frames the theoretical hypothesis that describing the relationship between agricultural intra-industry trade and climate change. The assumptions are confirmed by panel fixed effects, and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimations, and the panel cointegration test. The empirical results have supported by the literature, and all variables used in this study are stationary applying panel unit root test. Results show that agricultural intra-industry trade, renewable energy is negatively correlated with climate change, confirming the less pollutant hypothesis, while economic growth and agricultural productivity induce environmental problems. This study confirms the theoretical hypotheses explaining the effect of intra-industry trade for agricultural products as well as the impacts of renewable energy use, agricultural land productivity, and economic growth on CO2 emissions.