Search

Environmental awareness consists in the way human beings understand the environment. We observe that relation between humans and the natural environment is a concern related to the currently environmental and social. Thus, this paper aims to identify what we call as environmental perception in students from a 6th grade elementary state school in Sorriso, Mato Grosso. For this case study, we used a semi structured questionnaire with open and closed questions for a group of 63 students. After the answer’s analysis phase, for some previously selected questions, were created categories and tabulated, for other questions, data’s were analyzed and demonstrated in charts. As results, as quoted by several authors, we observed that the environmental and sight perception of the students are coherent for schoolchildren in this age, however, the authors reinforce that the development of projects concerning environmental education are still needed., A percepção ambiental consiste na forma como o ser humano compreende o meio ambiente. Observando a relação do homem com o ambiente natural é uma preocupação pertinente ao quadro ambiental e social, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar aquilo que chamamos de percepção ambiental de alunos de 6° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola estadual de Sorriso, Mato Grosso. Para este estudo de caso, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas fechadas e abertas, para um grupo de 63 estudantes. Após a análise do conteúdo das respostas, para algumas questões previamente selecionadas, foram criadas categorias e tabeladas, para outras, os dados foram analisados e demonstrados em tabelas. Foi possível observar que a percepção ambiental dos alunos e a visão de meio ambiente é coerente com o citado por diversos autores para estudantes dessa idade, no entanto, reforçam que ainda há uma necessidade de desenvolvimento de projetos voltados à educação ambiental.

The problem of diagnosing of the formation of prosocial behavior of adolescents - students of the institution of secondary education is considered. The rapid method of research on the formation of adolescents of prosocial behavior, developed by the scientists of the Institute for Education Problems of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, is presented. The methodology is based on systemic, environmental, personally oriented, competence, activity, cognitive-behavioral and technological approaches, taking into account key ideas of motivational theories and models of behavior change (Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, The Theory of Planned Behavior, SocialCognitive Theory, Fisher & Fisher). The questions «Prosocial behavior by pupils' eyes» were developed in accordance with the methodology andquestionnaire for the monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Schools that are child-friendly. The questionnaire consists of 3 parts. The first is to collect data on the age and sex of a teenager and the location of secondary education. The second part concerns certain factors of the educational environment in which the educational work takes place (class, school, close environment). In the third part there are selected questions about indicators of prosocial behavior, with the distinction of the four levels of its formation: stable, average, situational and initial. The proposed rapid method of research on the formation of prosocial behavior is considered as a preliminary diagnostic tool, useful for planning and correction of educational work in a secondary education institution.

O presente artigo encontra-se inserido dentro de um estudo que busca compreender quais são as principais barreiras e alternativas para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência visual no contexto do ensino de física. Apresenta e discute as dificuldades e viabilidades para a participação efetiva do aluno cego de nascimento em aulas de eletromagnetismo. Por meio de análise de conteúdo, identifica 4 classes funcionais implicadoras de dificuldades e 5 de viabilidades. Como conclusão, enfatiza a importância da criação de ambientes comunicacionais adequados, a função inclusiva do elemento interatividade, bem como, a necessidade da destituição de ambientes segregativos no interior da sala de aula.

Este documento reporta la investigación que desarrollamos en torno a la resignificación de la linealidad, como propiedad de la relación funcional de dos variables, en una experiencia de educación a distancia en línea. Nuestra investigación se ubica en la denominada aproximación socioepistemológica, por lo que contemplamos cuatro dimensiones en la construcción de conocimiento matemático: la social, la epistemológica, la cognitiva y la didáctica. Nociones acuñadas en esta perspectiva tienen la característica de ser unidades de análisis para explorar el origen social del conocimiento. De entre ellas, dos fundamentales son: la resignificación y las prácticas sociales. Una vez que se reconocen a las prácticas sociales como generadoras de conocimiento y que se distingue la naturaleza propia de cada función, las situaciones que se diseñan fundamentadas en la socioepistemología permiten hacer evidentes herramientas y argumentos; que permiten, a su vez, construir nuevos significados y/o modificar los previos. Las posibilidades que provee el escenario en línea, en cuanto a la incorporación de herramientas tecnológicas, permite reflexionar acerca de papel de las mismas en el aprendizaje en línea y en la construcción del conocimiento matemático.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan/kolaborasi Pendekatan Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan Alat Peraga Sate Bola dalam Pembelajaran Matematika sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peluang dan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas XI TKJ1 SMK Negeri 1 Singkep. Dalam mengukur hasil belajar penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tugas individu dan tes tindakan. Dalam aktivitas pembelajaran siswa dimotivasi dan diamati perkembangannya dalam hal keaktifan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran melalui NHT dan penggunaan sate bola melalui pengamatan dan evaluasi..Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan materi peluang melalui penemuan konsep dengan bantuan alat peraga sate bola dan pendekatan NHT sehingga siswa dapat membangun pengetahuan baru sekaligus menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang menuntut siswa untuk menggali konsep peluang yang akhirnya siswa dapat meningkatkan pemahaman matematika dan aktivitas belajanya. Kata Kunci: Pendekatan NHT, Sate bola

This article explores whether and how contemporary discourses in lifelong learning (LLL) can support intercultural universities in Latin America. Since the late twentieth century, LLL has primarily been seen through a Eurocentric lens, with a strong focus on the development of skills for knowledge-based economies and societies. As this discourse has been promoted and adopted by so-called developing countries, the focus has shifted from an identified need for continuous learning in a global society to mainly targeting the promotion of basic education, as is evidenced by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this context, we have identified a need for further discussion and research on intercultural universities, many of which are becoming increasingly vulnerable in current neoliberal times. This article looks at two intercultural universities in Mexico and Ecuador and suggests that a more indigenized approach to LLL could provide a stronger sense of ownership and participation in decision-making. Thus, LLL can be an ally for a new and decolonized conceptual framework that further legitimizes intercultural universities and provides a long-term strategy for the future.

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of organizational culture as a tool for quality of working life practices in the hotel sector. A semi-structured script was used and the content analysis technique was applied in interviews with the Human Resources coordinators of two hotels in the city of Goiânia - GO. The results revealed that the level of management and operations of the hotel chains induce the people management guidelines and their applications in the employees' routine. It is concluded that the organizational culture profile most favorable to good QLW practices is the one in which artifacts and values define the systematization of work and influence the positive perception of employees about quality of working life. Keywords: organizational culture; quality of working life; hospitality., Resumen.El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características de la cultura organizacional como herramienta para las prácticas de calidad de vida en el trabajo en el sector hotelero. Se utilizó un guión semiestructurado y se aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido en entrevistas con los coordinadores de Recursos Humanos de dos hoteles en la ciudad de Goiânia - GO, que son una red nacional y una red internacional. Los resultados revelaron que el nivel de gestión y operaciones de las cadenas hoteleras inducen lineamientos de gestión de personas y sus aplicaciones en la rutina de los empleados. Se concluye que el perfil de cultura organizacional más favorable a las buenas prácticas de CVT es aquel en el que los artefactos y valores definen la sistematización del trabajo e influyen en la percepción positiva de los empleados sobre la calidad de vida en el trabajo. Palabras clave: cultura organizacional; calidad de vida en el trabajo; hospitalidad., O objetivo desse estudo é analisar as características da cultura organizacional como uma ferramenta para práticas de qualidade de vida no trabalho do setor hoteleiro. Foi utilizado roteiro semiestruturado e aplicada a técnica de análise de conteúdo em entrevistas com as coordenadoras de Recursos Humanos de dois hotéis da cidade de Goiânia - GO, sendo estes uma rede nacional e uma rede internacional. Os resultados revelaram que o nível de gerenciamento e operações das redes hoteleiras induzem às diretrizes de gestão de pessoas e suas aplicações na rotina dos funcionários. Conclui-se que o perfil de cultura organizacional mais favorável às boas práticas de QVT é aquele em que os artefatos e valores definem a sistematização do trabalho e influenciam na percepção positiva dos funcionários acerca da qualidade de vida no trabalho.

Critical thinking has an essential role in the development of 21st-century skills to form students who have a deep understanding of the subject being studied. The use of portfolio assessment is believed to be a means of mastering a subject. This study was aimed to analyze whether the implementation of portfolio assessment in Biology learning in human coordination systems material can improve students' critical thinking skills. This study used a pretest and posttest control group design. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the means posttest score of students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class was 78.28, and the control class was 63.36. The Independent Sample T-Test showed a significant mean difference between the experimental class and the control class. The improvement of critical thinking skills by implementing portfolio assessment was better than the control class. The regression test showed that the contribution of the portfolio assessment to the improvement of critical thinking skills was 19.1%. The results of the analysis showed that the portfolio assessment distributed students in three categories of critical thinking skills were 59.4% in the enough category, 31.3% in the good category, and 9.4% in the very good category. The conclusion is that the implementation of portfolio assessment has a positive effect on increasing students' critical thinking skills in the human coordination system material.

The challenge of improving the 21st-century education quality in the industrial revolution 4.0 erais that graduates are expected to have theknowledge skills, abilities in the field of technology, information media, and learning innovation skills for life and career skills. This research was aimed to develop a digital fungi pocketbook in Mount Merbabu National Park to improve student learning outcomes. This research was a Research and Development (R&D) study, which used the Gall, Gall, and Borg model. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive data analysis related to the validity of responses from users, while the N-gain test was used to determine the product's effectiveness. The results showed (1) the digital pocketbook developed had very valid criteria regarding aspects of media, language, and material (2) students and teachers gave responses to the digital pocketbook used in learning with very valid response criteria (3) the value of learning outcomes students showed improvement with moderate N-Gain scores. Thus, the digital pocketbook that was developed can be used as an additional learning source in learning Natural Sciences (Biology) in the face of the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0.

The purpose of the research was to discover the views of three groups of International students who were undertaking their Higher Education (HE) in a publicly-funded college, rather than a university setting. A comparative survey was undertaken by International students attending an American Community College, an Australian Technical and Further Education Institute and a group of English colleges which offer Higher Education. All three groups were satisfied with their provision. The college setting was perceived to offer higher levels of support than would have been available at a university, plus enhanced employability prospects and lower fees than those charged by a university. The status of an Australian, English or American HE qualification was important, as was the reputation of their particular college. The market for International students is highly competitive and largely driven by universities. The English experience suggests that colleges should focus on the marketing of specialist courses. In all cases, the fact that teaching staff were primarily teachers, rather than researchers was highly valued by respondents, as was their currency in their subject. However, there were strong feelings about value for money and the ability to engage with Home students and wider Australian, British or American culture. International students choose to study abroad because they want to broaden their own horizons and learn more about other cultures: many respondents found these opportunities to be limited. In order to help address this, an International student recruitment Checklist for senior college staff is presented as part of the research findings. Keywords: Higher Education, International students, colleges, value-for-money.

Research on science-education reform affirms the importance of taking into consideration teachers’ pedagogical beliefs in relation of the constructivist perspective to ensure successful implementation of a reform-oriented curriculum. In addition, prominent studies pinpoint the need for teachers to have sufficient pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to adapt a reform-oriented science curriculum to meet students’ abilities and interests. This study focused on the reform-oriented science curriculum in Oman, and in particular, the grade 12 biology curriculum. The new biology curriculum emphasizes constructivism and encourages student-centered instruction, inquiry-based learning, cooperative learning, problem-solving, and critical thinking. However, since its implementation in 2008, various obstacles and challenges have been reported by teachers. These include a mismatch between the planned curriculum and the implemented curriculum. This mismatch has been attributed to a lack of motivation and PCK among teachers that would allow them to shift their teaching practices. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to understand how teachers’ pedagogical beliefs about student-centered learning have shaped their implementation of the curriculum. The study also sought to identify how biology teachers perceive the relationship between their PCK and their pedagogical decisions. An ethnographic approach to data analysis was employed, with multiple data sources including classroom observations, learning artifacts, reflections, and semi-structured interviews used. The findings of this ethnographic study indicate that Omani teachers’ beliefs and PCK shape the implementation of the reform-oriented curriculum by influencing their conceptualization of the curriculum, their identification of students’ misconceptions, their decisions about classroom teaching practices, and the level of their students’ engagement. The results of this study corroborate and expand upon previous research that suggests that teachers’ beliefs and PCK should be taken into consideration when designing and planning for new curriculum materials, teacher-education programs, and professional development opportunities. Keywords: pedagogical beliefs, reform-oriented curriculum, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), constructivism, curriculum implementation.

The teaching profession is highly stressful. Stress is a negative phenomenon that develops under conditions of uncontrollable, prolonged and increased pressure. In this study, our goal is (a) to investigate teachers' perception of the sources of stress in school in light of the neoliberal reforms and (b) to compare these sources of stress in primary school, middle school and high school teachers. We hypothesize that the demands and the workload to improve scores in standardized tests, increase the need of teachers to take work home. Therefore, home demands may conflict with school demands. Furthermore, the greatest pressure is on elementary and middle school teachers: Early efforts to improve student achievements in the lower grades would result in better-prepared students in high schools. Data about the sources of stress is based on a previous study of Buskila, Buskila, Giris and Ablin (2019) that investigated the connection between the effects of stress on teachers on somatic syndromes. Three hundred and twenty-one public school teachers working in the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Israel participated in the study. Findings of the mean of the entire samples revealed that the highest level of stress was caused by intense teaching schedule with insufficient breaks. The second cause was related to the composition of the students in the class, and the third was home demands conflicting with school demands. In the middle schools, the highest levels of stress are caused by school principals (M=5.98, SD=3.09) and second is in high school (M=5.00, SD=3.33). The highest level of stress caused by the superintendent is on primary school teachers (M=3.97, SD=3.33) and the second are the middle school teachers (M=3.79, SD = 2.95). The lowest stress level was in high school (M=2.68, SD=2.83). Three significance differences of stress were found among primary, middle, and high schools: The school principal is the highest source of pressure in the middle schools (P=.034), and the superintendent causes the highest level of stress in primary schools (P=.006). The third cause was in high school, related to physical school conditions (p=.002). These results are relevant to teachers, educators, and policy makers involved in planning and managing educational strategies and teachers’ schedules. Identifying and preventing the sources of stress can facilitate better teaching conditions, and a more effective and efficient atmosphere in school. Keywords: Stress at school, teachers' stress, causes of stress in school

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of middle school mathematics teachers' self-efficacy and leadership styles on middle school students’ mathematical achievements and attitude towards mathematics. In this study, the general survey method was employed and the research population was consisted of a total of 917, 5th grade students, 472 girls and 455 boys, picked across 10 middle schools in a central district of a province located in North-West Anatolia. In order to gather scientific data, scales such as Mathematics Attitude Scale, Teacher’s Self-Efficacy Scale, and Mathematics Achievement Test were used. Teacher characteristics were divided into two categories which consist of two and three sub-categories respectively; autocratic and semi-democratic based on the Leadership Style Scale. And low, moderate, high level according to teachers’ scores in the Self-Efficacy Scale. The data obtained were analysed in accordance with the objectives by means of frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t test, one-way variance analysis (Ancova). The significance level in statistical analyses was set at p

Young children are familiar with astronomical phenomena from everyday life, such as the movement of the celestial bodies or the shift from day to night. The present study examines the extent to which kindergarten students understand abstract concepts related to celestial bodies and processes (such as gravity and time), and whether they change their perceptions of these concepts following an educational intervention. The study also examines what children report about this learning experience. The study, conducted in a kindergarten in Israel with 32 students, combined quantitative and qualitative research methods. The children’s knowledge of astronomy was examined before and after the intervention. The teacher conducted observations, collected the children’s creative projects, and interviewed them. She also asked them if they enjoyed the learning process and why. The findings show that few of the children had knowledge about concepts related to astronomy prior to the learning process, and some expressed misconceptions. Following the intervention, there was a significant increase in the children’s knowledge and ability to explain astronomical concepts and many of their previously expressed misconceptions had been corrected. Most of the children said they were interested in learning, although some said they felt fear during the lessons. The results indicate that kindergarten students are able to study topics related to astronomy, although they are abstract and difficult to demonstrate. The conclusion of the study is that teachers should be encouraged to integrate studies of astronomy and space into the science curricula for kindergartens. This should be done using appropriate pedagogy that will increase the children’s interest and involvement in learning and avoid causing them fears. Keywords: Science education, Astronomy learning in Preschool

Biology learning design development is an important matter for teachers to be prepared. It is for the sake of realizing the 21st education for the learners. Learning biology also involves the technology role and its implications to obtain innovative and beneficial products for broader people. This research aims to examine the validity and effectiveness of the development of integrated biology-entrepreneurship based on STEAM learning design on a material about the environmental changes to improve critical thinking skills and the entrepreneurial interest of the learners. The applied development procedures were ADDIE model. The developed learning design consisted of syllabus, lesson plan, learning source, worksheet, critical thinking test, and entrepreneurial interest. The findings showed that (1) the validity of the learning was deemed valid and practical by the expert judgment; (2) the effectiveness of the learning design was proven able to improve the learners’ critical thinking skills with a percentage of 84%, with a sufficient N-Gain category and high category of entrepreneurial interest average improvement with a score of 77. The paired sample t-Test shows that tcount > ttable. Thus, it could be concluded that there was a significant difference between the critical thinking skills and the entrepreneurial interest. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the biology learning with a material about the environmental changes integrated by entrepreneurship based on STEAM had highly met the validity criteria. It could improve the critical thinking skill and the entrepreneurial interest of the learners.

This study examined the effects of computer animation instructional package on secondary school students’ achievement in practical biology in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study adopted a pre-test, post-test, control group, non-randomised and nonequivalent quasi-experimental design, with a 2x2x3 factorial design. Two intact classes from two secondary schools were purposively sampled. The instruments used were Biology Practical Achievement Test (BPAT) for data gathering and Computer Animation Instructional Package (CAIP) as the treatment instrument. The reliability coefficient of BPAT was determined using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and was found to be 0.91. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated in the study. The hypotheses were tested with t-test statistics at a significance level of 0.05. The study concluded that CAIP significantly improved students' achievement in practical biology. The researchers recommend that biology teachers should employ computer animation instructional packages to teach the practical aspects of photosynthesis among other biology topics. Keywords: Achievement, computer animation, practical biology, secondary schoo

The article aims to understand how governmental actions have materialized the articulation between post-graduation in stricto sensu education and elementary school regarding teacher training through the discussion about the relationship between the stricto sensu formation and the continued formation of teachers who work in basic education. The concerns that led to the writing of this article were the questions regarding the role of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the objectives of the Postgraduate Education Programs (PPGE) in relation to the training of their students, of the difference between the professional and academic masters in terms of the proposal for stricto sensu formation of the teacher of basic education, in relation to the regiments of the stricto sensu postgraduate programs in education. In order to make possible the proposed research, a bibliographical research was done on the subject and analysis of documents of the Ministry of Education (MEC), CAPES and the graduate programs stricto sensu. As considerations it is possible to infer that there are actions that materialize possible articulations between the post-graduation stricto sensu and elementary school, as well as institutions that already bring in their regiments this question. However, there is still a long way to go in the approximation between university and school.

This manuscript will address the definition of opioid usage, reasons for opioid usage, familial factors leading to usage, prevalence of the opioid epidemic, short and long-term consequences of opioid usage, as well as the impact that opioid usage has on students’ academic performance. Opioid usage has a direct and deleterious impact on students’ academic, social emotional, and psychological wellbeing, as well as a dire impact on family functioning. Sustained drug usage can lead to failure in school, dropping out, delinquent behavior, as well as lead to lifelong addiction issues. School counselors play a critical role in raising awareness about the dangers of drug usage, as well as motivating students to make healthy choices. Family support and involvement has also shown to play a vital role in the rehabilitation and success of students holistically. The definition of opioid usage, reasons for opioid usage, familial factors leading to opioid usage, statistics, consequences, modalities, as well as school counseling best practices for reducing opioid usage will be addressed.

In-service and preservice teachers are increasingly required to integrate research results into their classroom practice. However, due to their limited methodological background knowledge, they often cannot evaluate scientific evidence firsthand and instead must trust the sources on which they rely. In two experimental studies, we investigated the amount of this so-called epistemic trustworthiness (dimensions expertise, integrity, and benevolence) that student-teachers ascribe to the authors of texts who present classical research findings (e.g., learning with worked-out examples) that allegedly were written by a practitioner, an expert, or a scientist. Results from the first exploratory study suggest that student-teachers view scientists as “smart but evil,” since they rate them as having substantially more expertise than practitioners, while also being less benevolent and lacking in integrity. Moreover, results from the exploratory study suggest that evaluativistic epistemic beliefs (beliefs about the nature of knowledge) predict epistemic trustworthiness. A preregistered conceptual replication study (Study 2) provided more evidence for the “smart but evil” stereotype. Further directions of research as well as implications for practice are discussed.

The article is devoted to the description and characterizing of language schools and foreign language studying programs in Portugal. The relevance of language learning for professional, mobility, self-developing means is shown. The main courses and programs are observed and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are given. It is stated that Portuguese courses mostly follow the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. A small synopsis of the abilities for each level is presented. Numerous language schools for foreigners to learn Portuguese (Iberlínguas, Languages Abroad, Amerispan, Nikitas Language Abroad School, Portuguese Connection Language School, Eurolingua Institute, CIAL Centro de Linguas, Apple Languages, Escola Europeia de Línguas (EEL), Fast Forward Language Institute, International House Portugal, Margarida’s School, Mundilingua) are described. It is pointed out that along with language courses Portugal also offers different language programs for people of all ages with various communicative needs. The description of budget, adventure, family and medical programs is given. The additional opportunities for foreigners learning Portuguese (surf classes, guided excursions and sightseeing, international parties, Fado nights, tile painting workshops, cooking classes) are shown. The private tuition advantages are presented. The free language studying with teachers’ volunteers is shown. The main advantages and disadvantages of this method of learning are emphasized. It is pointed out that the choice of any course and program should be made considering the following characteristics: place, intensity of the course, language level, purpose of studying and cost. The further investigation which can include the analysis of language courses and programs for Portuguese people, their pros and cons, main purposes of teaching foreign languages is mentioned.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among collective efficacy factors, as measured by the Illinois 5Essentials Survey, and college readiness scores, as reported by American College Testing (ACT), for high schools in the state of Illinois. The 5Essentials have been considered crucial to school success and therefore used to describe learning environments and as basis for decisions on school improvement. However, little research has investigated the efficacy of the 5Essentials in their impact on academic achievement. This study used Illinois 5Essentials Survey and ACT data to interrogate the value of 5Essentials. Analysis of data determined that while correlational relationships do exist among the 5Essentials (collective efficacy factors) and that some have predictive qualities for student achievement, the strengths of those relationships are, at best, weak. Outcomes of this survey provide insights that policy makers should consider when recommending the use of these factors to influence school culture and student achievement. Keywords: collective efficacy, Illinois 5Essentials Survey, reciprocal causality, self-efficacy, student achievement, leadership

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational process of students in terms of fundamental principles and approaches based on the constructivist approach in Turkey. In this study, which was carried out using quantitative methods, the internal consistency coefficient of the scale developed was estimated to be high. Cronbach's alpha values ranged between α= .86 (teaching process), and α= .69 (gains), and the alpha value for the total scale was calculated as α= .75. The population of the research comprised students continuing their education in three public and three private science high schools in Istanbul. The initial number of items in the student scale was 25. As a result of the pilot test, the student scale was reduced to 19 Items. In the exploratory factor analysis of the scale used in this study 5 factors emerged

Pendidikan karakter meupakan pendidikan yang dilakukan untuk membentuk watak, moral, serta budi pekerti sehingga menjadi landasan bagi peserta didik dalam berpikir dan bertindak yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan ciri khas pada siswa tersebut. OSIS (Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah) merupakan seuatu organisasi di tingkat sekolah di Indonesia dan salah satu fungsinya yaitu menjadi sarana bagi pelaksanan pembinaan kesiswaan melalui 10 pokok kegiatan pembinaan kesiswaan di sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil studi awal ditemukan bahwa masih terdapat siswa yang kurang disiplin terhadap waktu, membuat keributan, menurunnya rasa hormat terhadap guru maupun orang yang lebih tua dan tindakan yang menyimpang lainnya, sehingga mendorong peneliti untuk mengkaji peranan OSIS dalam pembinaan karakter siswa dengan pemikiran bahwa penguatan pendidikan karakter tidak saja bertumpu kepada guru melalui pelaksanan pembelajaran dikelas tetapi dapat juga dibina melalui kegiatan organisasi kesiswaan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peranan OSIS dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kambera. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, dilakasanakan mulai Januari sampai Desember 2020. Subjek penelitian yaitu Pembina dan Pengurus OSIS serta siswa. Fokus penelitian adalah program kerja OSIS berdasarkan 10 pokok kegiatan pembinaan yang diselenggarakan oleh setiap seksi. Sehingga melalui studi dokumen, wawancara, dan kuesioner diperoleh data pelaksanaan kegiatan OSIS dalam pembentukan karakter siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kambera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran OSIS dalam membentuk karakter siswa sangat baik. Terdapat 10 nilai karakter yang dibentuk yaitu nilai religius, toleransi, disiplin dan kerja keras, keatif, rasa ingin tahu, mandiri, cinta tanah air dan semangat kebangsaan, cinta damai dan menghagai prestasi, peduli sosial dan bertanggungjawab.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik kelas 8 dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLDV bentuk tidak rutin berdasarkan tahapan IDEAL. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan subjek berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling, diperoleh 3 orang peserta didik yang dijadikan subjek sesuai dengan hasil pekerjaan. Peserta didik dikelompokan kedalam kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah.Kategori tinggi adalah subjek 1, kategori sedang adalah subjek 2, dan kategori rendah adalah subjek 2.Instrument dari penelitian ini berupa soal uraian berjumlah 3 dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Teknik pengambilan data untuk penelitian ini adalah tes, wawancara dan dokumpentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data.Hasil penelitian menunjukan subjek kategori tinggi dapat melewati semua tahap, namun subjek masih terkendalah pada menentukan strategi pada saat membuat model matematika untuk 1 soal saja dan melaksanakan strategi subjek melakukan kesalahn pada operasi. Subjek kategori sedang masih terkendalah pada menentukan strategi yang mungkin pada saat membuat model matematika untuk 2 soal dan melakukan kesalahan operasi pada saat melaksanakan strategi. Subjek kategori rendah dapat memahami masalah dan menentukan tujuan namun tidak dapat melaksanakan strategi dengan baik.

The article aims to analyze the place and significance of happiness in educational discourse. The analysis reveals ambivalence of happiness education, following positive education patterns. The ambivalence stems from the fact that happiness is narrowed down to the first component of the following dichotomies: subjective/objective, active/passive, individual/social. As we explain in our article, such clipped happiness education may involve the following consequences: necessitating ‘therapeutic education’ for students; neglecting matters of social justice; imposing ideas of happiness on a child through ideological indoctrination. Yet, we can conclude that the dual potential of positive education methods makes it possible to offset the above and other adverse consequences of the promoted idea of happiness.

Learning process at senior high school still based on textbook oriented. It makes students less concerned with the environment especially the school environment where they study. Such condition requires a real action to solve so that the level of environmental awareness of the students is increased. This study aims to determine the relevance of research on teaching materials, ethno pedagogics, and careness of environment character as well as the effectiveness of ethno pedagogic-based-teaching materials on careness of environment character for senior high school students based on literature review. This study uses the literature review method to obtain the data. Teaching materials provide added value when sourced from the environment around the school (ethnopedagogic). Ethnopedagogy–based-teaching materials will increase character cares for the environment of high school students.

The implementation of the kurikulum 2013 requires of innovative and creative learning with the integration of technology in learning process. Teachers should be creative in finding and gathering learning resources, as well as making teaching materials needed in learning that can help students in learning to achieve goals in the curriculum. So it is necessary to develop learning media based on My Android Biology App in schools in learning biology. Especially in the food digestive system material can be motivate the student and the result of learning. The aim of this study is (1) to analyze the validity of the My Biology App according to media experts and material experts, (2) to analyze the feasibility of the my biology app according to teacher and student responses, (3) to analyze student learning motivation and (4) to analyze the result of learning at student. The method of research is Research and Development (R & D). Pre-Posttest Control Group is the research design. The results of the validation from media experts and material experts indicate that the learning media My Biology App is very valid. It appears in teacher responses with an average of 97.62 and student responses with an average of 108 with a percentage of 90% suitable for use in learning activities. The effectiveness is determined from the motivation data and student learning outcomes. 63% of students are highly motivated and 37% are motivated. The results of the posttest in the experimental class with an average of 86.96 greater than the posttest in the control class with an average of 83.25. In addition, the n-gain in the experimental class 0.74 is greater than the control class with an n-gain of 0.70. It can be concluded based on the results of research that the learning media My Biology App can increase motivation and student learning outcomes in the food digestive system material.

The article analyses the essence of the scientific definition of "image" from the standpoint of different scientific approaches. The image has been considered as a holistic reflection of an individual, containing a set of external (verbal, kinetic, environmental) and internal (knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, values, self-esteem) factors, personal qualities and means of self-presentation. In order to study the level of image formation of future specialists-managers, a diagnostic study was conducted on the basis of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University and Bohdan Khmelnytsky National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, The object of the study were 97 Master's students of I-II courses of Specialty "Public Management and Administration"; the method "Evaluation of the image" (according to V. Shepel) was used to identify the level of satisfaction of the components of image and the method "Evaluate your image" (according to J. Jaeger). The training program "Image of a specialist" aimed at the formation and development of image was developed and tested with participation of students and cadets.

This article is dedicated to the analysis of current problems and prospects of BRICS development. Subject of research: the norms of international law governing the formation and activity of the BRICS, defining the main directions of its development. Research objectives: 1) substantiate the position that the organization and activities of the BRICS are associated with the problems of an objective and subjective nature; 2) to formulate and substantiate the main problems of the BRICS development; 3) to develop and substantiate proposals for resolving the above problems (both in terms of improving the legal framework governing the activities of the BRICS and in terms of optimizing its structure, composition and number of members); 4) to substantiate the conclusion about the existence and development of the BRICS as an international government organization. In this regard, the work has developed and substantiated proposals for improving the organization and functioning of the BRICS. The article uses a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis; synthesis; formal-logical; comparative legal; historical and legal; interpolation; extrapolation.

The results of studying and entrepreneurial interest of students of SMK Nusantara in Cirebon are still low. The learning strategies were used by teachers are generally conventional and not optimal for improving the learning outcomes and entrepreneurial interest of the student in schools. The type of research method used in this study is an experiment. The study data analysis technique used is the Independent sample t-test. The result of this study is (1) the value of Sig. (2-tailed) obtained at 0.004 < 0.05 means there is an influence on the use of the CTL learning model with the CEP approach to improving student learning outcomes. (2) The test value of the Independent sample t-test sig. (2-tailed) amounting to 0.000 < 0.05 which means that there is an average difference in student learning outcomes between the experimental groups and the control, in other words, the application of the CTL model with the CEP approach with other learning methods will result in indifferent learning. (3) the test result of N-gain experimental class 58.03% (quite effective) while control group 34.38% (less effective) the results of this research are expected to be one of the solutions for educational practitioners, especially in vocational schools to equip students with entrepreneurial skills to reduce the impact of unemployment.

The progress of science and technology in various countries has accelerated toward the 21 century. The measurement of scientific literacy is very important to find out the extent to which students have been literated in science as an effort to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. The preparation of test instruments based on scientific literacy is an effort to measure the literacy skills of students in the field of science. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, practical and effective science literacy test instrument to measure the scientific literacy skills of students on the theme of global warming. The research method used in this study was the method of Research and Development (R & D) with the research design of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The final product in this research development is a scientific literacy-based test instrument to measure the scientific literacy skill of students that have been declared valid and feasible by experts and is valid in the content, in the form of 20 reasonable multiple-choice questions that are tailored to the indicators of the scientific literacy, complete with a grid of questions, answer keys, and bibliography. Based on the results, it is concluded that the validity of the test instruments received an average percentage of 79.99% and was included in the category of valid and feasible to use. The practicality of the test instrument is in the very practical category seen based on the results of student responses by 87.5% and teacher responses by 94.23%. The effectiveness of the test instrument is in the effective category, Since this studycan reveal or position the scientific literacy skills of students into three criteria items, namely high, medium, and low, it can be used as input and thought contribution in an effort to improve the quality of making the test instruments to measure the skill of scientific literacy on the theme of global warming.

Environmental problems can’t be avoided in big cities including Semarang city. This needs to be raised in learning one of them through the development of teaching materials based on socioscientific issues. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials based on socioscientific issues, test the effectiveness of teaching materials, analyze students and teacher responses of teaching materials. This research is an Research & Development. We develop teaching materials based on socioscientific issues by utilizing local realities of Environmental Change in Semarang city. The experts validation of material and media was 87.04% and 97.92%. It was categorized in very valid criteria. Teaching materials developed were effective in increasing students' cognitive learning outcomes with classical completeness by 86.36% and n-gain test by 0.55. Students’ environmental care attitudes increase with a percentage of 83.33% in very caring criteria. The readability response of students and teachers was 83.75% and 97.69% in very good criteria. The practicality responses of students and teachers was 86.25% and 95% with very practical criteria. The conclusion of this study is teaching material developed are effective for improving cognitive learning outcomes and students’ environmental care attitudes. The response of students and teachers in readability is very good, the response of students and teachers in practicality is very practical.

Biology subjects in high school learn everything about life. In this case it involves skills and reasoning. This study aims to analyze the validity, effectiveness, practicality, and characteristics of android-based e-booklets. This research is a research and development or R&D. The development in this study adopted a 4-D model which included four stages namely define, design, develop, dissemination. The results of the study on the validity test showed that the material experts obtained a value of 92.14% with a very good category. Based on the results of the validation of media experts obtained a value with a percentage of 86.29% in the very good category. The results of the research on the effectiveness of android-based e-booklet are 1) classical completeness ≥ 80%, 2) N-Gain test results are different and better (has increased). Cognitive learning outcomes (students' critical thinking) showed that the percentage of students’ classical completeness was 88.27%, the N-Gain Test was in the high (53%), moderate (45%), low (2%) category. Based on the analysis of affective and psychomotor competencies with very good criteria. The results of research on students’ attitudes of caring for environment showed that the percentage of students' scores was 82% with an excellent category. Based on the effectiveness analysis it can be concluded that the android-based e-booklet is effectively applied in biodiversity subject. In the analysis of the results of the practicality of the android-based e-booklet media showed a very good response from teachers and students. The characteristics of an android-based e-booklet consist of a cover, a menu display consisting of preface, KI and KD, material, and evaluation questions.

Hal yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar IPS di antaranya media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan harus mampu membuat siswa lebih aktif. Dalam upaya meningkatkan aktivitas dan kualitas hasil belajar siswa perlu adanya alternatif perbaikan, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu menggunakan media boneka tangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh media Boneka Tangan terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar IPS materi Keragaman Ekonomi pada siswa kelas IV SDN Cilengkrang Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan instrumen penelitian berupa lembar tes, lembar observasi dan angket. Adapun populasinya berjumlah 26 orang dan kesemuanya menjadi sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, (1) Proses pembelajaran IPS materi Keragaman Ekonomi dengan menggunakan media boneka tangan di kelas IV SDN Cilengkrang Kabupaten Sumedang siswa nampak antusias dan aktif dengan mendapatkan hasil rata-rata seluruh sampel yaitu 4,75 yang berkategori positif. (2) Adanya pengaruh yang signifikan setelah dilaksanakannya pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Boneka Tangan pada pembelajaran IPS materi Keberagaman Ekonomi terhadap hasil belajar siswa di kelas IV SDN Cilengkrang Kabupaten Sumedang dengan meningkatnya perolehan nilai posttest dibandingkan dengan nilai preetest, yakni nilai rata-rata preetest siswa yaitu 66.55, sedangkan nilai rata-rata posttest yaitu 85 dengan presentase 92% dan tergolong kategori baik.

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk (1) meningkatkan keaktifan dalam pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition. (2) meningkatkan hasil belajar keterampilan berbicara menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition pada mahasiswa kelas IB Prodi PBSI IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro Tahun Akademik 2019/2020. Penelitian perbaikan pembelajaran ini menggunakan prinsip Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini subjeknya adalah mahasiswa kelas IB Prodi PBSI yang berjumlah 30 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumen. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif yang terdiri dari tiga komponen yaitu pengelompokkan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Minat pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara dapat meningkat melalui Model Pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition; dan (2) penerapan model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara pada mahasiswa kelas IB Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro Tahun Akademik 2019/2020.

Há uma série de necessidades a serem atendidas para uma efetiva inclusão escolar dos surdos, em especial no que se refere às ciências da vida e da natureza. Uma delas diz respeito à construção e desenvolvimento de estratégias metodológicas adequadas para o ensino de estudantes surdos. Para se ter um panorama das produções recentes envolvendo o ensino de ciências a estudantes surdos, este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear as publicações feitas nos últimos 5 anos em alguns dos importantes periódicos da área de ensino e/ou de educação em ciências da vida e da natureza. Os resultados apontaram para o baixo número de publicações a tratar do ensino de ciências para estudantes surdos. Duas hipóteses são sugeridas para a discussão desse contexto. Uma delas seria a de que esses trabalhos têm sido publicados em quantidades e qualidades significativas sob outros formatos ou em outros periódicos. Outra hipótese, mais preocupante, é a de que esses trabalhos realmente não têm sido desenvolvidos e publicados, apesar da importância que eles teriam para a inclusão escolar dos surdos em relação à educação em ciências.

The challenge of education entering the 21st century in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is expected to get graduates who are competent in utilizing ICT but also competent in developing critical thinking skills. This research aims to develop digital book based on local wisdom to improve critical thinking skills. This research includes Research and Development (R&D) research using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) models. Data analysis techniques used in this study include descriptive data analysis related to the validity and response of users, while to determine the effectiveness of the product used the N-gain test. The results show (1) the developed digital book has valid criteria regarding aspects of the material, presentation, and language (2) students and teachers provide responses to the local wisdom digital book used in learning with response criteria strongly agree (3) assessment results Students' critical thinking skills show improvement with high N-Gain grades. The developed local wisdom digital book is suitable to be used as an alternative source of learning additive material in natural science learning in the face of the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0.

Education as the main foundation for individuals to develop their abilities. This research includes research and development (R&D) research. This Research aims to find out how the validity and effectiveness of guided inquiry-based learning modules to improve environmental attitudes and HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) of students. This research used 32 students as sample. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The implementation of this learning module shows an increase related to the attitude of caring for the environment and HOTS of students. The benefits of this research for educators are to provide a reference to learning models that are effective in increasing environmental attitudes of students and HOTS of students. The conclusions i this study are guided inquiry-based learning modules in environmental pollution lesson is valid and effective used to increase environmental attitudes of students and HOTS of students.

STEM is one of the learning paradigms that integrates science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The combination of several learning methods is implemented to make students achieve certain abilities, like problem solving skills. Problem solving becomes a very important part in learning because it can motivate students and make them having a better cognitive level. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of STEM learning on physics material applied in schools to the problem-solving abilities of students. The method used in this research is meta-analysis where the researcher analyzed several articles as needed. Articles were limited to the last 5 years of publication, namely 2014 - 2019. Searching for articles used the Scholar, Eric, and Elsevier search engines. From the searching results, it was obtained 21 relevant articles according to the needs of researchers. Then, from 21 articles that were obtained as many as 86% were research articles that used questions or teaching materials as STEM-based learning media and 14% were review articles. The keywords used in the search were STEM, problem solving and physics. Based on the analysis conducted it can be concluded that learning through the STEM approach can improve students' problem solving abilities.

This experience report addresses the teacher training action developed at Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) - Campus Porto Alegre, between June and August 2020. Eleven workshops about digital technologies in education and active methodologies were conducted through online platforms, reaching 75% of Porto Alegre Campus teachers. The context that motivated this teacher training experience and it's development stages will be presented in this paper. As a result, we highlight the success of the reported action as a way to provide teachers new competencies to adopt digital technologies for remote education amid the pandemic.Such action also serves as a stimulus for digital education activities to be adopted in other educational institutions.

The article analyzes the psychological and pedagogical literature and interpretations of the definition of «media competence» is made by modern researchers. Information technologies are rapidly developing today and information flow is accelerating, therefore the most important task is to prepare students for life in the modern information environment, to perceive and to understand the information received from the media. This is due to the fact that the growth of media interactivity creates a comfortable space for manipulation, especially for young people who are major media consumers. The process of personal development through the mass media and media technics is media education. The result of media education is the formation of media competence. Media competence is formed as a result of the process of media education and helps a person actively use the possibilities of the information field – television, radio, video, press, the Internet. The result of media education is increasing the level of media competency. Media competence is multidimensional and requires a broad perspective based on a well-developed knowledge structure. The level of media competence can be increased throughout life through the perception and analysis of cognitive, emotional, aesthetic, ethical media information. Media competence enables the formation of an informatively rich educational environment, influences the level of personal media culture, prepares it for safe and effective interaction with modern media space and carries out media educational activities. The level of media education is a significant problem today, and therefore the development of media competence becomes of particular relevance. Media competence includes informational, informatic, communicational and communicative competencies.

The ideal science learning reflects the domain of balanced scientific literacy. Student who have scientific literacy are able to master science material, understand the characteristics of science and be able to recognize the environment through scientific process and apply science concepts in real life. Based on that statement we developed a research-based teaching materials. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and appropriateness of teaching materials about Interaction of Living Things with the Environment for grade VII. The research method was used Research and Development teaching materials. Data taken in the form of module eligibility was validated by the media and material experts. Teaching materials effectiveness was analyzed by posttest score, teaching materials characteristics was described by the percentage of teaching materials characteristics based on scientific literacy. The results showed that the science teaching materials have developed was valid, feasible, and effective to support Interaction of Living Things Learning. It have characteristics based on scientific literacy and equipped with pictures to clarify the practicum process, completed with observation tables as testing data that could guide students to find the concepts being taught.

This study employs a Rasch analysis to present the psychometric properties of the Academic Situation-Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (EAPESA, in Spanish) in students at a Spanish university. Construct validity, measurement and person reliability, the functioning of the Likert scale, and differential item functioning (DIF) were all explored, producing evidence of discriminant validity in regard to a measurement of academic procrastination and criterion validity in relation to performance. The sample comprised 443 university students from the first to fourth years of three degree programs. Adequate reliability and Likert scale values were found, as was a good fit to the Rasch model. However, evidence was also found to suggest that construct validity could be improved and that DIF by degree program may be present in one item.

The NRC system determines the nutritional needs of animals based on standardized calculations according to the purpose of rearing and other animal data. However, not all breeders and many technicians have difficulty using this pattern correctly. This course conclusion work was developed with the objective of founding and executing the elaboration of an application for android that has as main functionality the calculation of the nutritional needs for dairy cows. Methodologically, the work was developed through bibliographic research to determine the criteria to be used in calculating the dietary needs of the animals chosen for the study. Then, based on the choice of the NRC as the basis for such calculations, an application was developed that can be installed and run on devices that have an android system and from the provision of data on the animals to be fed, the application presents as a result the nutritional needs. The possibility for the breeder to have a system at hand that facilitates the feeding of his flock contributes to greater profitability and quality of the breeding.

The past few weeks have increasingly shown the difference in the impact of the closure of public and private educational institutions due to the public health emergency of national importance, due to the human infection with the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), cause of COVID-19. And in this scenario, the situation of deaf students in the 3rd year of high school is worsening and will take the ENEM in 2020. Therefore, the objective of this essay is to analyze the expectations of deaf students enrolled in high school at a public school in the state of RN, about ENEM at this time of COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic. The case study was used as a research method. The essay showed as results that it is necessary to reflect on the role of the school in inclusive education for the deaf, which is marked by ignorance and lack of linguistic policies that serve this student.

One of the possibilities of thinking about education in times of social isolation refers to the use of virtual tools in the teaching-learning process. The study analyzes an experience of using Google Forms and Meet as collaborative tools in the educational process, considering the context of social isolation. It is an account of experience woven by the pedagogical practice linked to the State College Professor Jane Assis Peixoto, developed through action research. The information brings a qualitative approach. The results showed that technological resources through virtual tools are relevant in times of social isolation for the teaching-learning process to happen. However, as a proposal, emphasis is given to blended learning, due to the greater possibility of success due to the limitations of students and teachers to technological access.

The article presents the quality assurance of higher education in France and reveals the system structure peculiar features. The authors characterize the activity of national agencies for external and internal quality assessment. We show that the formation of French quality assurance in higher education has lasted for three decades. The periodization of the quality assurance shaping in higher education is determined based on reforming the principal national agency for quality. The article illustrates the national legislative documents that regulate external and internal French quality assurance. We believe that a specific feature of the French system of quality assurance in higher education is its subordination to agencies (ENQA and EQAR) at the EU level. The article reveals that the French system of quality assurance in higher education is regulated by legal documents («Standards and recommendations for quality assurance in the EHEA»(ESG)) at the European level; a number of national laws, including the Law on Finance (2001), the Law on Freedom and Responsibility of Universities (2007), the Law on Higher Education and Research (2013); national recommendations and handbooks that form the norms and procedures for assessing the quality of universities. Higher education quality assurance is provided through external assessment and internal self-assessment by universities at the national level. The specificity of the French external quality assessment system’s structure lies in the variety of external agencies and their powers. The High Council for Evaluation in Research and Higher Education (Hcéres) is an independent body. The others external agencies are the Inspectorate General for Public Administration of Education and Training (IGAENR), the Commission of Chartered Engineers (CTI), the Commission for the Evaluation of Management Training and Diplomas (CEFDG) and the Advisory National Commission of University Institutes of Technology (CCN-IUT). National external assessment agencies have a sectoral focus and work in a specific segment, relying on internal quality control procedures. Internal self-assessment is mandatory for all French universities that issue state-recognized diplomas.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the research of the Dutch professor Dick Ferdinand Swaab in the context of interdependence and interplay of heredity, environment and upbringing on the formation and development of personality. The authors, conducting a critical review of Dick Swaab’s publications, were focused on the important features of personality formation, integrating in this context information from psychology, pedagogy and neurobiology. The publication shows the close connection of all factors influencing the formation of personality; their interdependence and interdependence at different age stages of personality development are proved. Indicated clear correlation between research on neurobiology and pedagogy, in this context, mutual proven link between the sciences and their joint impact on people. It is determined that the fatal development of personality significantly depends on the individual characteristics of the material, shows the influence of bad habits of materials on genetic mutations in humans. It is shown that intellectual development is a complex process that depends on both the genetic makeup of the person and the environment. It is proved that upbringing and social interaction were and remain the drivers of cultural and civilizational formation of the individual at different age stages. Emphasis is placed on the fact that social contact is an important factor in hormonal processes within the human body; it is shown that the processes of personality formation are actively influenced by external factors (optimal proportion of movement and sleep, failure of the biological clock, stress, impaired fine motor skills, etc.). It is shown that economic status is one of the factors of intellectual development of children with developmental disabilities. The study, based on the basic practical results obtained by Professor Dick Swab, presents the need for a thorough study of these interdependencies and the relationship of students of pedagogical specialties in the context of providing training for future educators.

Background Many students solving quantitative problems in science struggle to apply mathematical instruction they have received to novel problems. The few students who succeed often draw on both their mathematical understanding of the equation and their scientific understanding of the phenomenon. Understanding the sensemaking opportunities provided during instruction is necessary to develop strategies for improving student outcomes. However, few studies have examined the types of sensemaking opportunities provided during instruction of mathematical equations in science classrooms and whether they are organized in ways that facilitate integration of mathematical and scientific understanding. This study uses a multiple case study approach to examine the sensemaking opportunities provided by four different instructors when teaching the same biological phenomenon, population growth. Two questions are addressed: (1) What types of sensemaking opportunities are provided by instructors, and (2) How are those sensemaking opportunities organized? The Sci-Math Sensemaking Framework, previously developed by the authors, was used to identify the types of sensemaking. Types and organization of sensemaking opportunities were compared across the four instructors. Results The instructors provided different opportunities for sensemaking of equations, even though they were covering the same scientific phenomenon. Sensemaking opportunities were organized in three ways, blended (previously described in studies of student problem solving as integration of mathematics and science resources), and two novel patterns, coordinated and adjacent. In coordinated sensemaking, two types of sensemaking in the same dimension (either mathematics or science) are explicitly connected. In adjacent sensemaking, two different sensemaking opportunities are provided within the same activity but not explicitly connected. Adjacent sensemaking was observed in three instructors’ lessons, but only two instructors provided opportunities for students to engage in blended sensemaking. Conclusions Instructors provide different types of sensemaking opportunities when teaching the same biological phenomenon, making different resources available to students. The organization of sensemaking also differed with only two instructors providing blended sensemaking opportunities. This result may explain why few students engage in the successful strategy of integrating mathematics and science resources when solving quantitative problems. Documentation of these instructional differences in types and organization of sensemaking provides guidance for future studies investigating the effect of instruction on student sensemaking.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the organization and content of postgraduate training of specialists in circular economics in the Republic of Poland on the example of Silesian Polytechnic. It is emphasized that the Republic of Poland is taking significant steps in the development of the circular economy and the training of specialists to implement its ideas. Based on the analysis of postgraduate education programs «Circular Economics and Cleaner Production in Practice» and «Cyclic Engineering» in the Silesian Polytechnic, the article reveals the requirements the requirements, rights and responsibilities of postgraduate students are revealed; knowledge, skills and competencies that they acquire in the process of training in circular economics programs; forms of education and the content of diplomas that students receive after training, as well as areas of possible employment. It is emphasized that in the system of postgraduate education of Silesian Polytechnic there are programs both directly from the circular economy and from certain problems that relate to the scope of such specialists and contribute to the development of a circular economy. It is proved that the training of specialists in circular economics in postgraduate studies acquires a systemic character in terms of coverage of the content of those problems that relate to the professional activities of specialists in circular economics. The indisputable value of such educational programs is to involve in their development and determine the content of training not only teachers of higher education institutions, but also public and professional societies that care for the environment, waste recycling and more. Educational programs on circular economics at Silesian Polytechnic are practice-oriented, they include consultations in circular production companies, trainings on business practice, as well as the development of an implementation project under the guidance of experts.