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This longitudinal study examines young adult mental health (MH) trajectories after exposure to natural disasters (i.e., hurricanes, wildfires, mudslides) across four waves, two pre- and two during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 205) answered questions about anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) across Waves (Ws) s 1-4 and pre-pandemic factors (prior trauma history, disaster exposure, life stressors since disaster) at Wave (W) 1. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted to examine MH trajectories and associations with pre-pandemic factors. Only the PTSS trajectory significantly differed across all Ws, with the largest increase between Ws 2 and 3 (pre- and during-pandemic time points). Prior trauma history and life stressors since the disaster were significantly associated with all MH trajectory intercepts but not growth rates.

Objective: The current multi-university, multi-disaster study examined the impact of natural disaster exposure on identity-related distress through life stressors and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Participants: Young adult university students (n = 665, 77% female, M = 20.5 years old) participated in Wave (W) 1. Half provided contact information for follow-up, and 136 university students participated in W2. Method: University students in the mainland U.S. and Puerto Rico were asked about disaster exposure, life stressors, PTSS, and identity-related distress at W1 (M = 9.7 months post-disaster) and identity-related distress at W2 (M = 12.4 months after W1). Two serial mediation models assessed the indirect effect of disaster exposure on W1 and W2 identity-related distress through life stressors and PTSS. Results: Disaster exposure impacted identity-related distress concurrently and longitudinally through increasing life stressors since disaster and PTSS. Conclusion: Potential supportive services should address identity-related distress among disaster-exposed young adults with PTSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, house prices in Christchurch are analysed over three distinct periods of time: post-2011 earthquake, pre-COVID-19 lockdown, and post-COVID-19 lockdown. The first method used is the well-established hedonic price model, additionally a second method incorporates random effects into the model to capture unobserved heterogeneity in buyers' preferences for certain features of a house. Results show that buyers, in periods that are temporally distant from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, underappreciate the risk of potential earthquake damage to a property. We find that there are observable shifts in buyer preference across the different time periods, specifically in terms of section size. We also examine heterogeneity and correlations in buyers' preferences for floor area, land area, and age of a property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stressful large-scale events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters, impact birthing individuals' postpartum experiences and their mental health. Resultant changes in government assistance, housing, and employment may further exacerbate these impacts, with differences experienced by varying income levels and races. This study aimed to examine maternal depression and anxiety in postpartum individuals by income and race during a stressful large-scale event, and the mediating role of government assistance, housing, and employment. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted (QUANT + QUAL). For aim 1 (quantitative), birthing individuals who delivered during peak pandemic (June 2020 - September 2021) completed questionnaires related to their perinatal experiences and mental health. Macrosystem factors (government assistance, housing, and employment changes) were assessed using the Psychosocial Recommended Measures. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) assessed depression and anxiety, respectively. Serial linear regression models assessed the relationship between race and income with mental health and macrosystem factors. For aim 2 (qualitative), 40 individuals from the quantitative study balanced by income (low vs. high income) and race (Black vs. White) completed one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Amongst 1582 birthing individuals, Black individuals had a significantly higher EPDS score compared to White counterparts. Not receiving government assistance, unstable housing, and experiencing various employment changes were all related to worse mental health during stressful large-scale events. In semi-structured interviews, low-income individuals discussed that government assistance helped alleviate a financial and mental burden. Low- and high-income individuals reported varying job changes that impacted their mental health (low-income: job loss, high-income: increased hours). Conclusions: This research spotlights the negative impact of large-scale events most affected both Black and low-income individuals' postpartum mental health, and the role of government assistance, stable housing, and secure employment in helping to alleviate these disparities between income levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrauterine period is a time of high sensitivity in the development of the embryo and the fetus. Therefore, low levels of maternal stress are closely associated with healthy brain development in the neonatal and early childhood periods. There is increasing evidence linking natural disasters as prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) to neurodevelopmental disorders (including subclinical manifestations). Natural disasters involve many factors in addition to the trauma they cause, including loss and the physical and psychosocial difficulties that result from that trauma. This review article aims to bring together research findings on the neurodevelopmental effects of natural disasters on children as PNMS. It also looks at how factors such as gestational age and gender contribute to these effects. We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with 30 studies meting the inclusion criteria. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 1,327,886 mother–child dyads participated in the included studies. The results of the studies indicate that natural disasters have a negative impact on children's outcomes in terms of cognitive development, language development, autism/autism-like features, motor skills, performance in mathematics, mental development, sleep, attention, behavioral and emotional problems, and various psychiatric comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted as a qualitative inquiry to deeply explore the thoughts and experiences of nursing students involved in support activities in disaster areas. It was conducted as a qualitative study. Data for the study were collected through face‐to‐face interviews or video conferencing using a Personal Information Form and a Semi‐Structured Interview Form created by the researcher. Data analysis was conducted using the MAXQDA software. The population of this qualitative study consisted of nursing students actively involved in support activities in 11 provinces affected by the magnitude of 7.7 earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş/Turkey. The sample of the study comprised nursing students who responded to our call shared with nursing student groups and met the inclusion criteria. Through qualitative analysis, three themes were identified: initial emotions experienced during the earthquake, difficulties faced during the earthquake process, and emotions following the earthquake experience. Students participating in support activities in the earthquake‐affected region provided explanations regarding their emotions, encountered ethical dilemmas, infrastructure issues, as well as deficiencies in organization and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Comparing with cities, rural communities especially those declining rural communities have become vulnerable to natural disasters owing to their backward socioeconomic conditions. Taking Xun County of China's Henan Province as the study area, the paper aims to evaluate rural community resilience to flood by unveiling the connection between individuals' cognition, follow-up actions and the community resilience. Research results show that: (1) The logic chain exists as individual's cognition to disaster leads to their constructive actions to cope with disaster, which contribute to community resilience. (2) At the cognition dimension, individual's knowledge reserve of disaster prevention and their recognition to local authority are playing an important role in their decision making and follow-up behaviors when disaster occurs. (3) At the action dimension, individual's familiarity with the disaster preparedness, efficient information transmission when disaster occurs and villagers' following order and their unity of action all contribute to community resilience to disaster. The paper proposes ways to improve rural community resilience to disasters based on the research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters like hurricanes, wildfires, and floods pose immediate hazards. Such events often necessitate prompt emergency evacuations to save lives and reduce fatalities, injuries, and property damage. This study focuses on optimizing wildfire evacuations by analyzing the influence of different transportation infrastructures and the penetration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a historical wildfire event. The methodology involves modeling various evacuation scenarios and incorporating different intersection traffic controls such as roundabouts and stop signs and an evacuation strategy like lane reversal with various AV penetration rates. The analysis results demonstrate that specific interventions on evacuation routes can significantly reduce travel times during evacuations. Additionally, a comparative analysis across different scenarios shows a promising improvement in travel time with a higher level of AV penetration. These findings advocate for the integration of autonomous technologies as a crucial component of future emergency response strategies, demonstrating the potential for broader applications in disaster management. Future studies can expand on these findings by examining the broader implications of integrating AVs in emergency evacuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media contain various information, such as natural disaster reports. Artificial intelligence is used to identify reports from eyewitnesses early for disaster warning systems. The artificial intelligence system includes a text classification model with feature extraction and classification algorithms. Word embedding-based feature extraction is widely used for 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) data, suitable for traditional or deep learning algorithms. However, applying feature extraction to 3-dimensional (3D) data for text classification is limited. Previous studies focused on word embedding for 1D, 2D, and 3D outputs with convolutional neural network (CNN). Yet, using 3D data and CNN did not perform well. Despite using CNN and 3D variants, identifying natural disaster reports remains below 80% accuracy. This research aims to improve identifying earthquakes, floods, and forest fires with 3D data and hybrid CNN long short-term memory (LSTM). The study found models with accuracies of 83.38%, 83.72%, and 89.03% for each disaster type. Hybrid CNN LSTM significantly enhanced identification compared to CNN alone, supported by statistical tests with P value less than 0.0001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School-age children are at high risk of experiencing traumatic and stressful events that can negatively impact their academic, emotional, and behavior performance. Students that have been exposed to a traumatic and adverse experience present with high rates of dropout, low academic performance, conduct problems, aggression, depression, and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between self-reported trauma symptoms of students identified with behavioral concerns using teacher reported screening data and whether hurricane exposure moderates the relationship. Participants included 75 students from elementary, middle, and high school in a large school district in the Southeastern United States. Students completed a self-rating of their trauma symptoms and hurricane exposure while their teachers completed a universal screening of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Results from this study indicated that the type of hurricane exposure does not significantly moderate the relationship between trauma symptoms and students' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. While linear regression showed that students who reported higher levels post traumatic symptoms have higher ratings of internalizing behaviors, results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between trauma symptoms and externalizing behaviors. Result suggest that trauma-informed strategies should be incorporated into the process of universal screening of behavior within the school setting to ensure that students at-risk for internalizing mental health concerns receive early intervention services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human development and family planning programs since the 1970s have led to a fast‐rising prevalence of modern contraceptive means at the global level. However, countries with rising but still low levels of contraceptive use experienced an increasing number of societal upheavals, including armed conflicts, sudden and high‐intensity natural disasters, as well as dramatic effects of health epidemics. This may challenge the continued diffusion of modern means of birth regulation as well as their adherent use. To better understand the role of societal upheavals in the contraceptive transition, we provide a narrative literature review of their multidimensional pathways of influence in the contraceptive decision‐making process. The review suggests four main findings. First, well‐known contemporary barriers to contraceptive use become more salient during societal upheavals. Second, historical barriers reemerge predominantly. Third, societal upheavals exert specific effects on the contraceptive transition, such as through birth replacement, the repopulation of communities, and the sexual vulnerability of girls and young women. Fourth, there are more pathways leading to a reduced (rather than a heightened) contraceptive prevalence. The conclusion discusses the implications of those insights for the contraceptive transition, provides a critical perspective of the literature, and draws avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to examine the relationship between earthquake-related trauma severity and smoking status in individuals affected by earthquakes. The study sample consisted of 488 earthquake survivors (57.1% women) older than 18 years old who were placed in dormitories in an earthquake-safe area after the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes in 2023. The study data were collected two months after the earthquakes using an information form and the Scale that Determines the Level of the Trauma after the Earthquake (SDLTAE). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t tests, one-way ANOVA, and binary logistic regression at the significance level (p <.05). The findings showed that 75.2% of the individuals experienced severe trauma. According to the results of the present study, gender, the need for psychological support, earthquake-related losses, and smoking related to trauma. Being a woman, seeking psychological support, experiencing earthquake-related health problems, facing earthquake-caused material losses, and increased smoking after the earthquake were significant predictors of earthquake-related trauma. This study, conducted two months after the earthquake, aimed to measure the early effects of the earthquakes. Studies are also needed to analyze the long-term impact of earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Stressful large-scale events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters, impact birthing individuals’ postpartum experiences and their mental health. Resultant changes in government assistance, housing, and employment may further exacerbate these impacts, with differences experienced by varying income levels and races. This study aimed to examine maternal depression and anxiety in postpartum individuals by income and race during a stressful large-scale event, and the mediating role of government assistance, housing, and employment. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted (QUANT + QUAL). For aim 1 (quantitative), birthing individuals who delivered during peak pandemic (June 2020 - September 2021) completed questionnaires related to their perinatal experiences and mental health. Macrosystem factors (government assistance, housing, and employment changes) were assessed using the Psychosocial Recommended Measures. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) assessed depression and anxiety, respectively. Serial linear regression models assessed the relationship between race and income with mental health and macrosystem factors. For aim 2 (qualitative), 40 individuals from the quantitative study balanced by income (low vs. high income) and race (Black vs. White) completed one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Amongst 1582 birthing individuals, Black individuals had a significantly higher EPDS score compared to White counterparts. Not receiving government assistance, unstable housing, and experiencing various employment changes were all related to worse mental health during stressful large-scale events. In semi-structured interviews, low-income individuals discussed that government assistance helped alleviate a financial and mental burden. Low- and high-income individuals reported varying job changes that impacted their mental health (low-income: job loss, high-income: increased hours). Conclusions This research spotlights the negative impact of large-scale events most affected both Black and low-income individuals’ postpartum mental health, and the role of government assistance, stable housing, and secure employment in helping to alleviate these disparities between income levels.

he eruption of Mount Semeru has caused significant material and physical losses, as well as created uncertainty and crises across various sectors, both economic and social. The impacts of lava flows, volcanic ash, and hot debris during the eruption not only damaged property and infrastructure but also destroyed social capital which is crucial for community resilience. The resulting economic uncertainty has raised concerns about the future and hindered efforts to revitalize affected sectors. Communities that have lost jobs become vulnerable to poverty, and the loss of infrastructure slows economic recovery. Social capital, which includes social networks, norms, and trust among community members, plays a critical role in the recovery process. This research aims to describe the relationship between social capital and economic resilience among survivors of the eruption in Lumajang, East Java. The research employs a descriptive method, with data collected through questionnaires and structured interviews. The results show that communication and social involvement among survivors remain limited and tend to focus on the family circle. Participation in community groups and the giving and receiving of support from social networks are still low. However, involvement in community groups positively affects the frequency of participation, requests for and provision of assistance, and reception of various types of support. Social support is considered very important and beneficial in daily life, especially in the context of disaster recovery. The study concludes that a deep understanding of how to strengthen social capital and integrate it into economic recovery strategies is an urgent need to create a supportive social environment for sustainable and resilient economic recovery following a natural disaster.

Optimizing the target grid framework during network reconfiguration is crucial for the recovery of the power system. Existing methods for assessing node importance and optimizing the target grid framework often overlook the impact of natural disasters， expected recovery benefits of nodes （ERBN）， and the necessity for expanded concurrent recovery zones. To address these challenges， a network reconfiguration method for power systems is proposed. First， the ERBN under disaster conditions are comprehensively evaluated， considering the recovery of critical loads， expanded available power， and the capacity for incremental recovery. The importance of both generating and non-generating nodes is unified based on their expected recovery benefits， taking into account the available recovery power margin. Then， a method for multi-time-point recoverable state simulation based on time sequence Monte Carlo simulation is proposed under disaster conditions to assess the importance of nodes and lines in the simulated grid. The grid framework is optimized based on this importance， transforming grid connectivity and loop network constraints into penalty functions that are incorporated into the fitness function. This approach eliminates the need for optimization adjustments to unreasonable grid frameworks， thereby improving the efficiency of the algorithm. Finally， the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through case studies.

ÖZ:Türkiye coğrafyası, yüzyıllardan beri çeşitli doğal afetlere maruz kalmış ve afetler önemli ölçüde can mal kayıplarına eden olmuştur. Dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de depremlerden hemen sonra en fazla kayıplara neden olan doğal afet, sellerdir. Zaman zaman aşırı yağışlarla dolan akarsu yatakları, taşarak çevresindeki yerleşim yerlerine ve tarımsal alanlara oldukça büyük zararlar vermişlerdir. Şehir planlamasındaki hatalar, akarsu yataklarında gerekli tedbirlerin alınmaması ve altyapının zayıflığı gibi nedenler İzmir’de Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında sellerin, afete dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. 1922 yılında düşman işgalinden kurtulan İzmir şehri, henüz yaralarını saramadan deprem ve sel afetleri ile mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. İzmir’de yaşanan sel afetleri içerisinde en çok can ve mal kaybına neden olan ve insanların hafızasında yer edineni 1930 İzmir sel afetinin olduğu söylenebilir. Zira bu afette; sayısı tam olarak tespit edilememekle birlikte 117’den fazla insan vefat etmiş, selden binlerce kişi etkilenmiş ve milyonlarca lira zarar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada hedeflenen; 1930 yılı İzmir sel afetinin sebeplerini, etkilerini ve sonuçlarını doğal afet tarihi açısından ele alarak irdelemektir. Bunun yanı sıra, afet yönetiminde başarılı olunup olunmadığını ve bundan sonra bölgede olası sel afetleri karşısında ne gibi tedbirler alındığını ortaya koymaktır. ABSTRACT:The geography of Turkey has been exposed to various natural disasters for centuries, resulting in significant loss of life and property. Similar to worldwide trends, floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in Turkey immediately following earthquakes. Riverbeds swollen by occasional heavy rains have caused extensive damage to surrounding settlements and agricultural areas by overflowing. Factors such as urban planning errors, lack of necessary precautions in riverbeds, and weak infrastructure have contributed to the transformation of floods into disasters in Izmir during the early years of the Republic. The city of Izmir, liberated from enemy occupation in 1922, had to contend with earthquake and flood disasters before fully recovering from its wounds. Among the floods experienced in Izmir, the one in 1930 stands out as the one causing the most loss of life and property and remains entrenched in people's memories. In this disaster, although the exact number is not determined, more than 117 people perished, thousands were affected by the flood, and damages amounted to millions of lira. The aim of this study is to examine the causes, effects, and consequences of the 1930 Izmir flood disaster from the perspective of natural disaster history. Additionally, it seeks to ascertain whether successful disaster management was achieved and what measures were taken against possible future flood disasters in the region.

Abstract Comparing with cities, rural communities especially those declining rural communities have become vulnerable to natural disasters owing to their backward socioeconomic conditions. Taking Xun County of China’s Henan Province as the study area, the paper aims to evaluate rural community resilience to flood by unveiling the connection between individuals’ cognition, follow-up actions and the community resilience. Research results show that: (1) The logic chain exists as individual’s cognition to disaster leads to their constructive actions to cope with disaster, which contribute to community resilience. (2) At the cognition dimension, individual’s knowledge reserve of disaster prevention and their recognition to local authority are playing an important role in their decision making and follow-up behaviors when disaster occurs. (3) At the action dimension, individual’s familiarity with the disaster preparedness, efficient information transmission when disaster occurs and villagers’ following order and their unity of action all contribute to community resilience to disaster. The paper proposes ways to improve rural community resilience to disasters based on the research findings.

Abstract Background The Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011 posed significant challenges to the educational sector, particularly affecting nursing students in the disaster area. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of the natural disaster coupled with the nuclear accident on the nursing students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of the Fukushima disasters on rate of academic failure events in nursing education. Methods A retrospective cohort approach was conducted, focusing on 677 students from Soma Nursing School admitted between 2001 and 2017. Four failure events—failure to pass the national examination, student retention, suspension, and withdrawal from school—were compared between three time periods: pre-disaster, early peri-disaster, and later peri-disaster. This analysis was followed by a questionnaire survey among the students and an interview with faculty members to gain further insights. Results Of the student cohort, 17% had at least one failure event. Students in the later peri-disaster phase faced an elevated failure rate at 29%. Variables such as being male, admission during later peri-disaster period, and local pre-admission residence played a significant role in these failure events in multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval, p value]; 2.63 [1.49–4.64,

Background: Following the Pazarcık (Kahraman Maraş) Earthquake in February 2023, both immediate and lasting effects of the disaster were observed in Turkey. As with any natural disaster, this event had a significant societal impact and resulted in various psychological consequences.Objective: This study aims to assess the factors influencing the anxiety and attitudes of emergency service personnel in the aftermath of the earthquake.Methods: The study utilized a questionnaire distributed to physicians, auxiliary healthcare staff, and other personnel in the emergency department of a tertiary care and research hospital following the Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) earthquake in February 2023. The questionnaire, which included demographic information, history of exposure to earthquakes and natural disasters, and the Earthquake Anxiety Scale (EAS), comprised 42 items. All participants completed the questionnaires.Results: Ninety-nine physicians, auxiliary healthcare staff, and emergency department personnel participated in the study, with 49.5% being female. The mean age of the participants was 34.74±7.04 years. When comparing demographic data, it was found that male participants had significantly lower EAS scores (p

Floods and flash floods are among the natural disasters that frequently occur in the world and have high destructive power. This study was prepared to evaluate the geographical factors that are effective in the formation of the flood and flash floods that occurred in Şanlıurfa on 15 March 2023 and 16 people lost their lives. In the study prepared for this purpose, the boundary of the research area was determined by hydrology analysis using ArcGIS for Desktop 10.5 software. With this analysis, lithology, slope and precipitation maps of the determined river basins (Karakoyun, Cavsak and Karaköprü-Sırrın Creeks) were produced. Within the scope of geographical evaluation, physical (lithological, geomorphological, climatological) and human factors have been considered one by one and examined under separate headings. Within the scope of physical factors, lithological, geomorphological and climatological characteristics of the area were examined. Within the scope of human factors, the effects of the stream beds in the basin on flood and flash flood generation were evaluated by photographing the field studies. According to the results, there is a topography where the elevation and slope decrease from north to south in the study area. It was determined that the saturation of the soil in the field with water in winter and the wrong interventions made to the stream bed caused a large part of the water to overflow from the stream beds with the torrential rainfall (119 mm in one day in total) on 15 March 2023, and the flood event along the slope in the field turned into a disaster and caused loss of life and property.

Abstract The everyday extreme uncertainties become the new normal for our world. Critical infrastructures like electrical power grid and transportation systems are in dire need of adaptability to dynamic changes. Moreover, stringent policies and strategies towards zero carbon emission require the heavy influx of renewable energy sources (RES) and adoption of electric transportation systems. In addition, the world has seen an increased frequency of extreme natural disasters. These events adversely impact the electrical grid, specifically the less hardened distribution grid. Hence, a resilient electrical network is the demand of the future to fulfill critical loads and charging of emergency electrical vehicles (EV). Therefore, this paper proposes a two-dimensional methodology in planning and operational phase for a resilient electric distribution grid. Initially stochastic modelling of EV load has been performed duly considering the geographical feature and commute pattern to form probability distribution functions. Thenceforth, the impact assessment of extreme natural events like earthquakes using damage state classification has been done to model the impact on distribution grid. The efficacy of the proposed methodology has been tested by simulating an urban Indian distribution grid with mapped EV on DigSILENT PowerFactory integrated with supervised learning tools on Python. Subsequently 24-h load profile before event and after event have been compared to analyze the impact.

Background Methods Results Conclusion The predicted rise in weather‐related disasters indicates that many Australian children and their families will be affected by these events in the future. Play therapy, an emerging profession in Australia, may provide valuable support to children exposed to these events.A scoping review was designed to map the existing literature and the role of the play therapist in supporting children (aged 3–12 years) and families following natural disasters, and to formulate a model to guide play therapists in the future.A systematic search of the literature was performed and a total of 25 articles were identified as relevant to the role of the play therapist in response to natural disasters.Play therapists must be mindful of the different phases of natural disaster response and how their role may vary across these phases. In the early stages post‐disaster, a play therapist may be involved in psychoeducation, facilitating therapeutic play and community involvement. More formal clinical play therapy interventions that focus on the individual child or family are better suited to the latter stages of disaster response. There is a need for further research into the impact of natural disasters on children and families and interventions that aid mental health and well‐being, especially for children who may be more vulnerable and potentially overlooked in the wake of such disasters. Further research is also needed into the effectiveness of play therapy as a post‐disaster intervention for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having an important place in the liberation and establishment of Republican Türkiye, Maraş not only serves as a bridge from the past to the present with its culture and history, but also is located in a transition zone in Anatolia geographically and geologically. The current characteristics of the province have brought about natural disasters and other developments that affect every area, from social life to economic order. Various disasters of geological and meteorological origin have occurred in Kahramanmaraş in many periods of history. As a result of the disasters, loss of life and property occurred in the region and province. In this study, the natural disasters that occurred in Maraş between 1923 and 1960, when the economic structure was still based on old methods and techniques and the land used in agriculture reached its largest limit, and the effects of these disasters on the economic life will be discussed. During the study, primarily the Prime Ministry Republic Archive, TUIK sources, Maraş press, other works on the province and region, and sources on the period were used. The main aim of the study is to reveal the reflections of natural disasters in Maraş on economic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study describes the impact on a collection of the extreme floods in eastern Australia in February 2022, and the salvaging of the Lismore Regional Art Gallery art collection. Despite predetermined protocols and preparedness efforts, the gallery suffered unprecedented flooding, requiring coordinated solutions to support emergency recovery. The project included relocating and stabilising around 1400 artworks, divided between the permanent collection and temporary exhibitions. Coordinated collaboration with stakeholders was needed to determine which artworks were salvageable; initial assessments indicated 60%. However, after further assessment this was reduced to 40% of all artworks able to be returned to a condition suitable for storage and display. The paper focuses on the assessment criteria used to prioritise artworks for salvage and conservation: insurance value, condition post-flooding, the views of living artists on display of treated works, and sentimental and community importance. It also outlines the conservation processes for flood-damaged paintings on canvas, works on paper, and photographgraphs, highlighting challenges and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a case study of clinical supervision to support early childhood leaders in times of a natural disaster. The case is of five Directors working in long day care services in regional New South Wales, and their Manager, following catastrophic flooding in the region. Data were gathered through individual interviews and thematic analysis conducted. The paper summarises the emotional and professional burdens experienced by the participants as a result of the flood. The case study identifies the benefits of clinical supervision for these leaders’ personal wellbeing and professional practice during natural disaster, and highlights the need for clinical supervision to be delivered by skilled, trauma-informed supervisors who understand the early childhood context. Some challenges to clinical supervision are identified. Arguments are made for supervision to be provided and sustained to support early childhood leaders in both the emergency and recovery periods of experiencing a natural disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was an extremely destructive event in Aceh, Indonesia, killing over 160,000 people and destroying infrastructure, homes, and livelihoods over miles of coastline. In its immediate aftermath, affected populations faced a daunting array of challenges. At the population level, questions of how the disaster affected children’s and parents’ aspirations for education and whether it permanently disrupted schooling progression are critical in understanding how shocks affect human capital in the short and long term. We use longitudinal data from the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR) to examine how disaster exposure affects educational aspirations and eventual attainment. We find that damage to one’s community depresses aspirations in the short term but that this weakens with time. With respect to educational attainment 15 years after the event, children’s aspirations, parents’ education, and family socioeconomic status are more important determinants of whether children complete high school and go on to tertiary schooling than is disaster exposure. While these results likely reflect, at least in part, the successful post-tsunami reconstruction program, they also establish enormous resilience among survivors who bore the brunt of the tsunami. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effects of social capital on the decisions of individuals in Turkey who experienced the earthquakes of February 6, 2023, to stay in the disaster area or move to another place during the recovery period. Qualitative research was conducted using an in-depth interview technique with 70 participants. The findings show that all three types of social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) played a significant role in the recovery process for earthquake victims, but bonding social capital was particularly important in their relocation decisions. Additionally, this study reveals that bonding social capital acted as a buffer immediately after the earthquakes and effectively solved problems in the short term, but it was replaced by bridging and linking social capital in the medium term. Finally, negative impacts of social capital are shown to have occurred not only among immigrants but also among local people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study seeks to systematically describe how humanitarian aid organizations use visuals in their natural disaster-related social media messages and to analyze their effects on social media engagement. Using Rodriguez and Dimitrova's (2011) four levels of visual framing, we performed a content analysis of 810 tweets from 38 aid organizations. The results showed that, overall, the organizations' visuals had an emphasis on victims and on disaster relief efforts. The most effective types of visual framing, however, were not those the aid organizations most commonly used. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2008, a flash flood of unprecedented occurrence happened in the state of Santa Catarina, in the southern region of Brazil. Over 600 thousand individuals were directly impacted by this event, and 97 deaths were registered on the most impacted region. This paper estimates the impact of this natural disaster on the poverty level. For this purpose, we use a difference-in-differences methodology that exploits the exogenous variation in geographic location and timing. The dataset used came from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), and the timeline started at 2001 and ended in 2015. Our results indicate that the flood increased the likelihood of an individual falling below the extreme poverty line by 2 p.p. in 2009. This effect increases over the years, reaching approximately 6 p.p. in 2014. The effects are considered greater for non-whites and residents in rural areas. Moreover, the effects are considered greater the lower the level of education and the higher the home density. The robustness of estimates is checked to the existence of dynamic changes that might coincide with the occurrence of the flood. Also, the study identified that the mechanisms behind our results are related to the informal employment rate per family and the non-work-related income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between residents' disaster resilience and potential household food security in the context of natural disasters. Disaster resilience capacity consists of absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, and transformative capacity, while household food security is composed of food availability, accessibility, and utilization. Based on data from 539 questionnaires administered to residents in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, this study examines households' disaster resilience capacity and food security conditions. The entropy method is adopted as a quantitative assessment approach to integrate the data, and a Tobit model is constructed to detect the correlation between households' disaster resilience capacity and food security. We draw five main findings from the results. (1) Over half of the respondents do not have good food security; moreover, food accessibility is the poorest dimension, as reflected by low scores for water purification capacity and facility preparedness. (2) Most of the respondents do not have high disaster resilience capacity; their transformative capacity is the lowest, followed by absorptive and adaptive capacity. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between disaster resilience and household food security. (4) Disaster damage experience restrains residents' food utilization. (5) The elderly and senior population may be exposed to food-borne diseases because of their low food utilization. This study provides insights into the influence of disaster resilience activities on household food security before a disaster hits. The study informs the debate on the association between disaster resilience and household food security so as to aid future disaster risk reduction management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to examine the resilience in education in line with the opinions and experiences of teachers working in the region after the earthquakes that occurred in ten provinces based in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023 and to develop innovations and suggestions for strengthening resilience within the scope of the normalizing and curative role of education. The research is within the scope of qualitative research and is patterned with descriptive case study. The teachers participating in the research were selected according to the maximum diversity sampling and the data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. Content analysis technique was applied to analyze the data. As a result of the research; the problems experienced by teachers working in the earthquake zone during and after the earthquake process, the difficulties they face and the solutions they have developed, as well as suggestions and expectations aimed at increasing the resilience of education to natural disasters have been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011 posed significant challenges to the educational sector, particularly affecting nursing students in the disaster area. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of the natural disaster coupled with the nuclear accident on the nursing students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of the Fukushima disasters on rate of academic failure events in nursing education. Methods: A retrospective cohort approach was conducted, focusing on 677 students from Soma Nursing School admitted between 2001 and 2017. Four failure events—failure to pass the national examination, student retention, suspension, and withdrawal from school—were compared between three time periods: pre-disaster, early peri-disaster, and later peri-disaster. This analysis was followed by a questionnaire survey among the students and an interview with faculty members to gain further insights. Results: Of the student cohort, 17% had at least one failure event. Students in the later peri-disaster phase faced an elevated failure rate at 29%. Variables such as being male, admission during later peri-disaster period, and local pre-admission residence played a significant role in these failure events in multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval, p value]; 2.63 [1.49–4.64, < 0.001], 3.207 [2.00–5.15, < 0.001], and 1.84 [1.12–3.02, 0.02], respectively). Conclusions: This study highlights the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following nuclear accident on nursing education. The elevated failure rates in the later peri-disaster period emphasize the challenges posed by continuing disaster phases. Thus, there is a need for intensified and tailored strategies in nursing education in disaster-affected regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February 6, 2023, an earthquake registering 7.8 on the Richter scale struck southeast Turkey, and this was followed by a second earthquake of magnitude 7.5. The earthquake resulted in widespread loss, devastation, and destruction, and is anticipated to bear a significant psychological toll on survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those living in earthquake-affected areas of Turkey. The sample was a convenience sample of 527 adults living in earthquake-affected areas of Turkey. Prevalence rates and gender differences in exposure to earthquake-related traumatic events were investigated. Moreover, prevalence rates of ICD-11 PTSD were computed, and demographic and trauma-related correlates of ICD-11 PTSD were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Most of the sample (99.2%; n = 523) experienced at least one earthquake-related traumatic event, with the majority experiencing multiple events. Findings demonstrated high endorsement of the ICD-11 PTSD symptom clusters, with 54.1% meeting criteria for diagnosis of probable ICD-11 PTSD. Correlates associated with increased risk of PTSD include female gender, physical injury in the earthquake, physical injury of family or loved ones in the earthquake and being in the higher earthquake-related traumatic events exposure quartiles. These findings indicate high levels of trauma exposure and PTSD among survivors of the recent earthquakes which occurred in Turkey. The identification of correlates associated with increased risk of PTSD is useful for identifying Turkish earthquake survivors who are most likely to need psychological support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change risk is becoming a big threat to humanity across the globe, as it disrupts the socio-ecological systems, thereby making communities more vulnerable. Consequently, researchers dealing with disaster risk and climate change have conceptualized vulnerability and resilience as essential ideas for environmental management. These ideas have now been used in various disciplines to present the system's risk and ability to cope and recover. Nevertheless, there is still a huge debate about the use of these concepts in the literature. Hence, this study intends to contribute to the debate by clarifying the concept of vulnerability and resilience in the context of natural hazards. To this end, a PRISMA approach-guided systematic review was undertaken to identify the pertinent documents to corroborate the argument. This study argues that the two notions of resilience and vulnerability are conceptually intertwined, but one is not the polar opposite of the other. Although communities and the social groups that make up those communities can be highly vulnerable, that does not mean that they are also vulnerable in other ways. Vulnerability focuses on how well systems' units (people, organizations, and societies) can deal with the consequences of stressors and is comprised of three major components, namely exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability. While the exposure and sensitivity components are positively related with vulnerability, adaptability exhibits a negative correlation with vulnerability. This study also argues that resilience is an ability of a socio-ecological system to bounce back to the preceding form after facing any shock, risk, and uncertainties by utilizing adaptive, absorptive, and transformative capacities. Adaptive capacity is the common component of vulnerability and resilience concepts, as low adaptive capacity places a system or unit in vulnerability, while high adaptive capacity promotes resilience. This study identifies several indicators and pillars recommended for a comprehensive understanding of vulnerability and resilience from various sources and analyzed them from different angles. The findings of this paper will be an important guideline for policymakers, practitioners, service providers, and environmental scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Birthmark Doula Collective, a cooperative that provides doula and lactation services in the Greater New Orleans area, mounted an emergency response after two Category 4 storms: Hurricane Laura (2020) and Hurricane Ida (2021). The response included activating a no-cost emergency perinatal and infant feeding hotline. Both disasters coincided with a resurgence of COVID-19 infections in Louisiana. Research Aim: The aim of this study is to understand how an emergency perinatal and infant feeding hotline supported infant and young child feeding in emergencies during hurricanes in Louisiana. Method: This study used a cross-sectional, retrospective qualitative design in a population with low breastfeeding rates. We conducted a content analysis of 97 hotline call logs from Hurricanes Laura and Ida, focus groups with lactation support providers who staffed the hotline during either storm (n = 5), and interviews with mothers who called during Hurricane Ida (n = 2). Focus groups and interviews lasted 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. Results: Call logs revealed infant feeding needs (e.g., mastitis, low milk supply, relactation, and infant formula requests) and non-infant feeding needs (e.g., infant supplies, perinatal and infant care referrals, shelter information). Infant formula was the most requested supply during both hurricanes. Maternal participants discussed family vulnerabilities during Hurricane Ida. Staff described training and strategies to provide support while maintaining their own well-being. Conclusion: Providing a free emergency hotline service is one way to support pregnant and postpartum people and their families seeking infant feeding advice, supplies, and support in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters pose significant threats to human life and property, exacerbated by their sudden onset and increasing frequency. This paper conducts a comprehensive bibliometric review to explore robust methodologies for post-disaster building damage assessment and reconnaissance, focusing on the integration of advanced data collection technologies and computational techniques. The objectives of this study were to assess the current landscape of methodologies, highlight technological advancements, and identify significant trends and gaps in the literature. Using a structured approach for data collection, this review analyzed 370 journal articles from the Scopus database from 2014 to 2024, emphasizing recent developments in remote sensing, including satellite and UAV technologies, and the application of machine learning and deep learning for damage detection and analysis. Our findings reveal substantial advancements in data collection and analysis techniques, underscoring the critical role of machine learning and remote sensing in enhancing disaster damage assessments. The results are significant as they highlight areas requiring further research and development, particularly in data fusion techniques, real-time processing capabilities, model generalization, UAV technology enhancements, and training for the rescue team. These areas are crucial for improving disaster management practices and enhancing community resilience. The application of our research is particularly relevant in developing more effective emergency response strategies and in informing policy-making for disaster-prepared social infrastructure planning. Future research should focus on closing the identified gaps and leveraging cutting-edge technologies to advance the field of disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The everyday extreme uncertainties become the new normal for our world. Critical infrastructures like electrical power grid and transportation systems are in dire need of adaptability to dynamic changes. Moreover, stringent policies and strategies towards zero carbon emission require the heavy influx of renewable energy sources (RES) and adoption of electric transportation systems. In addition, the world has seen an increased frequency of extreme natural disasters. These events adversely impact the electrical grid, specifically the less hardened distribution grid. Hence, a resilient electrical network is the demand of the future to fulfill critical loads and charging of emergency electrical vehicles (EV). Therefore, this paper proposes a two-dimensional methodology in planning and operational phase for a resilient electric distribution grid. Initially stochastic modelling of EV load has been performed duly considering the geographical feature and commute pattern to form probability distribution functions. Thenceforth, the impact assessment of extreme natural events like earthquakes using damage state classification has been done to model the impact on distribution grid. The efficacy of the proposed methodology has been tested by simulating an urban Indian distribution grid with mapped EV on DigSILENT PowerFactory integrated with supervised learning tools on Python. Subsequently 24-h load profile before event and after event have been compared to analyze the impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental degradation and migration have become pressing concerns in the 21st century, particularly in fragile contexts such as Afghanistan. This article adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the intricate relationship between environmental degradation and migration in Afghanistan, where persistent conflict and climate-related challenges intensify vulnerabilities. The study acknowledges the complex interplay between environmental stressors and socioeconomic instability, revealing how Afghanistan's unique topography and climate make it highly susceptible to natural disasters such as droughts, floods, and landslides, which contribute to significant displacement. Based on both primary and secondary data, this research underscores the critical need for sustainable environmental management and improved disaster preparedness to mitigate the impacts of environmental degradation and enhance resilience among affected communities. By focusing on Afghanistan, the article deepens our understanding of environmental migration dynamics and emphasizes the importance of addressing the root causes of environmental degradation in order to foster a more sustainable and stable future for vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geography of Turkey has been exposed to various natural disasters for centuries, resulting in significant loss of life and property. Similar to worldwide trends, floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in Turkey immediately following earthquakes. Riverbeds swollen by occasional heavy rains have caused extensive damage to surrounding settlements and agricultural areas by overflowing. Factors such as urban planning errors, lack of necessary precautions in riverbeds, and weak infrastructure have contributed to the transformation of floods into disasters in Izmir during the early years of the Republic. The city of Izmir, liberated from enemy occupation in 1922, had to contend with earthquake and flood disasters before fully recovering from its wounds. Among the floods experienced in Izmir, the one in 1930 stands out as the one causing the most loss of life and property and remains entrenched in people's memories. In this disaster, although the exact number is not determined, more than 117 people perished, thousands were affected by the flood, and damages amounted to millions of lira. The aim of this study is to examine the causes, effects, and consequences of the 1930 Izmir flood disaster from the perspective of natural disaster history. Additionally, it seeks to ascertain whether successful disaster management was achieved and what measures were taken against possible future flood disasters in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mainstream approach of social vulnerability to flood risk faces some challenges regarding its ability to address the complexity of its causal processes. The objective of this study was to analyse the causal processes of social vulnerability to flood impacts from a relational perspective. To this end, a social network analysis was performed that identified the conditions and causes of social vulnerability and systematically articulated the relationships between them. This analysis was tested on the specific case of flood risk on the coast of the province of Alicante (SE Spain). To ascertain the conditions and causes of social vulnerability to flood risk, a multidisciplinary group of local experts was consulted, and the resulting data processed in a relational way using Atlas.ti and Gephi softwares. The result was a social vulnerability network comprising 84 nodes and 189 edges distributed into four dimensions: the adaptive capacity of tourists, socio-economic structure, land use planning and risk management. The information was ranked for betweenness centrality, revealing the components with highest causal power of social vulnerability to social impacts in flooding events: low flood risk awareness, economic growth based on real estate boom, property speculation and lack of political interest in flood risk management. This proposal places emphasis on the driving forces of social vulnerability and not exclusively on the specific adaptive conditions of the population, which allows a strategic identification and management of generative forces that ultimately induce the social impacts of floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence for the association between earthquakes and adverse perinatal outcomes is limited. Objectives: To evaluate the association between earthquakes and perinatal outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight. Search Strategy: We searched studies using MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov on February 9, 2023. Selection Criteria: We included before‐and‐after studies that evaluated the associations between earthquakes and perinatal outcomes in women living in affected areas. Data Collection and Analysis: Two independent reviewers extracted data. We calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) with the random‐effects model. We analyzed outcomes in subgroups of Asians and others. We evaluated the certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Main Results: We included 2 607 405 women in 13 studies. Earthquakes may not increase preterm birth (nine studies, 1 761 760 participants: OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–1.24, low certainty of evidence) or low birth weight (seven studies, 1 753 891 participants: OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94–1.28, low certainty of evidence). Subgroup analyses showed that earthquakes may be associated with an increase of preterm birth among populations in Asia (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07–1.95), but this was not evident in others (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.83–1.05). Conclusions: Perinatal outcomes might not change after earthquakes. Further research on the association between earthquakes and perinatal outcomes, combined with an assessment of the characteristics of the region, is needed. Synopsis: Preterm birth and low birth weight might not change after earthquakes. However, earthquakes may be associated with an increase of preterm birth in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Ecology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do natural disasters affect election results? Some studies have shown that natural disasters negatively impact subsequent elections, while others do not. This study investigated the link between natural disasters and local elections using data from the Japanese prefectural governor elections for the years 1985–2015. A rich data set is available for prefectural governor elections in Japan that includes information on who won, the vote shares of all candidates, and when the election was held, among others. We found empirical evidence that the number of days between an election and most recent disaster before election positively impacted the vote share of the incumbent/successor. In other words, an incumbent/successor is likely to have less support in the election immediately following a disaster by the constituencies, but can get more support as time passes after the disaster. Moreover, political alignment with the central ruling parties positively affects the vote share of an incumbent/successor over time between an election and the most recent disaster. These results suggest a possibility that politicians seek popularity not through the implementation of proper disaster recovery policies but by taking advantage of their connection with central ruling parties, which may harm citizens' welfare in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homestead windbreaks are used on the Ryukyu Islands to protect houses from the tidal water blowing from the sea, strong typhoons in the summer, and monsoonal winds in the winter. The homestead windbreak landscape is believed to have been established approximately 300 years ago in the Ryukyu Kingdom. Garcinia subelliptica (Fukugi in Japanese) was dominant in this windbreak landscape. These windbreaks vanished on several islands soon after World War II. Many trees were burned during the war and removed to extend village roads in rural and recent resort development projects. This study surveyed the present spatial distribution of the remaining homestead windbreaks and conducted a tree inventory survey. We recorded the location and characteristics of trees damaged by the powerful typhoon and tentatively explored the causes of tree and house damage through a case study of Yonaguni Island, where one of the world's biggest typhoons occurred. Homestead windbreaks facing the wind direction, tree characters of cavities, unsound branching, and combined tree trunks were the significant factors contributing to tree damage. The remnant homestead windbreak belts in Yonaguni Island were fragmented and not continuous and may not offer consistent wind protection since there are open gaps between the sections. It suggests windbreaks should be replanted in the direction of the wind, and regular checks of tree health and tree structure are needed to reduce typhoon damage. The results are used to propose guidelines for windbreak management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Hazards & Environment (JNHE) / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi (DACD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)