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One of the most refractory breast cancer types is triple negative (TN) breast cancer, in which cells are resistant to both hormone and Herceptin treatments and, thus, often cause recurrence and metastasis. Effective treatments are needed to treat TN breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that rMV-SLAMblind, a recombinant measles virus, showed anti-tumor activity against breast cancer cells. Here, we examined whether rMV-SLAMblind is effective for treating TN breast cancer. Nectin-4, a receptor for rMV-SLAMblind, was expressed on the surface of 75% of the analyzed TN breast cancer cell lines. rMV-SLAMblind infected the nectin-4-expressing TN breast cancer cell lines, and significantly decreased the viability in half of the analyzed cell lines in vitro. Additionally, intratumoral injection of rMV-SLAMblind suppressed tumor growth in xenografts of MDA-MB-468 and HCC70 cells. To assess treatment for metastatic breast cancer, we performed intravenous administration of the luciferase-expressing-rMV-SLAMblind to MDA xenografted mice. Virus replicated in the tumor and resulted in significant suppression of the tumor growth. The safety of the virus was tested by its intravenous injection into healthy cynomolgus monkeys, which did not cause any measles-like symptoms. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent for treating metastatic and/or TN type breast cancer.

Gastrointestinal malignancies are challenging cancers with considerable economic and societal impacts on health care systems worldwide. While advances in surgical approaches have provided benefits to a proportion of patients, only modest improvements have been attained in the treatment of patients with advanced disease, resulting in limited improvement in survival rates in these patients. Oncolytic adenoviruses are being developed to address gastrointestinal malignancies. Each platform has evolved to maximize tumor-cell killing potency while minimizing toxicities. Tumor-specific bioengineered adenoviruses using chimeric promoters, prodrug convertase enzymes, lethal genes, tumor suppressor genes, and pseudo-typed capsids can provide the innovations for eventual success of oncolytic virotherapy. This article will review the developments in adenoviral platforms in the context of specific gastrointestinal cancers. From the bench to the implementation of clinical trials, this review aims to highlight advances in the field from its early days to the current state of affairs as it pertains to the application of adenoviral oncolytic therapy to gastrointestinal cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal malignancies are challenging cancers with considerable economic and societal impacts on health care systems worldwide. While advances in surgical approaches have provided benefits to a proportion of patients, only modest improvements have been attained in the treatment of patients with advanced disease, resulting in limited improvement in survival rates in these patients. Oncolytic adenoviruses are being developed to address gastrointestinal malignancies. Each platform has evolved to maximize tumor-cell killing potency while minimizing toxicities. Tumor-specific bioengineered adenoviruses using chimeric promoters, prodrug convertase enzymes, lethal genes, tumor suppressor genes, and pseudo-typed capsids can provide the innovations for eventual success of oncolytic virotherapy. This article will review the developments in adenoviral platforms in the context of specific gastrointestinal cancers. From the bench to the implementation of clinical trials, this review aims to highlight advances in the field from its early days to the current state of affairs as it pertains to the application of adenoviral oncolytic therapy to gastrointestinal cancers.

Introduction: Pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer originating in the pleura, with a devastating prognosis and limited treatment options. There have been significant advancements in the management of this disease in recent years. Since 2021, nivolumab and ipilimumab immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the new standard of care for first-line treatment of pleural mesothelioma., Areas Covered: While a combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors appears to be the next step, targeted therapies are emerging thanks to our understanding of the oncogenesis of pleural mesothelioma. Moreover, several new strategies are currently being investigated, including viral therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and even cell therapies with CAR-T cells or dendritic cells. In this review, we will explore the various future opportunities that could potentially transform patients' lives in light of the clinical trials that have been conducted., Expert Opinion: Future clinical studies aim to rebiopsy patients after disease progression to identify new molecular alterations and to be associated with ancillary studies, guiding subsequent therapy decisions. Predicting and investigating treatment resistance mechanisms will lead to innovative approaches and improved treatment outcomes.

One of the most refractory breast cancer types is triple negative (TN) breast cancer, in which cells are resistant to both hormone and Herceptin treatments and, thus, often cause recurrence and metastasis. Effective treatments are needed to treat TN breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that rMV-SLAMblind, a recombinant measles virus, showed anti-tumor activity against breast cancer cells. Here, we examined whether rMV-SLAMblind is effective for treating TN breast cancer. Nectin-4, a receptor for rMV-SLAMblind, was expressed on the surface of 75% of the analyzed TN breast cancer cell lines. rMV-SLAMblind infected the nectin-4-expressing TN breast cancer cell lines, and significantly decreased the viability in half of the analyzed cell lines in vitro . Additionally, intratumoral injection of rMV-SLAMblind suppressed tumor growth in xenografts of MDA-MB-468 and HCC70 cells. To assess treatment for metastatic breast cancer, we performed intravenous administration of the luciferase-expressing-rMV-SLAMblind to MDA xenografted mice. Virus replicated in the tumor and resulted in significant suppression of the tumor growth. The safety of the virus was tested by its intravenous injection into healthy cynomolgus monkeys, which did not cause any measles-like symptoms. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent for treating metastatic and/or TN type breast cancer., (© 2020 The Author(s).)