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The article, based on the analysis of world and Ukrainian theoretical and methodological sources, identifies the main views of well-known scientific schools, their theoretical foundations and beliefs that self-awareness is a necessary and effective component of the process of self-development of the individual, an internal psychological mechanism for launching effective activity; an opportunity and psychological factor of influence on the processes of self-regulation, a perfect condition for the formation of motivation, self-esteem and quality of communication, psychological attitudes towards the perception and acceptance of people from other ethnic groups. It is noted that the human brain plays a major role in ensuring the purity of thought, beliefs, sensitivity, emotional harmony and understanding of the essence of everyday life. The article presents the understanding of consciousness by different authors, in particular, self-consciousness by researchers of different world scientific schools of philosophical, humanistic, behavioristic, cognitive, social and cognitive orientation, which may compete with each other, have different methodology, but their understanding of consciousness allows us to rethink at the methodological level the problem of forming the self-consciousness of those who teach, educate, rehabilitate, correct and compensate persons with special educational needs. The totalitarian views of students, the roles and functions of teachers who were tasked with forming fear, anxiety, panic, psychological pressure and negative influence on the child's psyche from an early age, so that he or she would think and speak as directed, without having his or her own opinion, are already in the past. This was also the task of specialists who were not allowed, that is, it was not in the trend to make analytical operations, conclusions and generalizations, to present their own opinion, to study the literature that limited their conscious tendency to self-development and self-improvement. In special education, there are few studies of the phenomenon of selfconsciousness of correctional teachers, and almost no research has been conducted on orthopedic teachers. Based on the results of a survey of orthopedic teachers, a new approach to determining the parameters of their professional self-awareness development is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Orthopedists prefer imaging studies for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients.Purpose: To determine the effect of orthopedists' characteristics, including subspecialty, age, education, and professional experience, in collaboration with radiologists and the usefulness of radiology reports for orthopedists in diagnosis and patient management.Material and Methods: Questionnaires, consisting of 21 questions investigating the orthopedists' characteristics, their behavior with radiology reports, their thoughts on communication, and collaboration with radiologists, were distributed to 205 orthopedists. Descriptive analysis was performed, and the effects of orthopedist characteristics on the outcomes was evaluated.Results: In total, 161 out of 205 enrolled participants were included in the analysis. A total of 156 (96.9%) participants stated that they reviewed at least one official radiology report, with MRI receiving the highest rate (92.4%). The main reason provided for not reviewing the radiology reports and requests regarding changes to radiology report formats seemed to be mostly related to time pressure. Despite a significant portion of the participants stating that clinical and surgical findings were inconsistent with radiology reports, less than half were inclined to contact the radiologist most of the time or always. Increasing age (P = 0.005), experience (P = 0.016), and university hospital specialization (P = 0.007) increased the tendency to form multidisciplinary team meetings. Communication with radiologists increased with age (P < 0.001), while more experience reduced the impact of radiology reports on decision-making (P = 0.035).Conclusion: Increasing cooperation between orthopedists and radiologists will make a significant contribution to decision-making and treatment processes. Orthopedists' characteristics are influential factors in establishing this communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The introduction of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has changed the landscape of preventing thromboembolism events in many countries. However, the prescription trends of oral anticoagulant (OAC) in China are still unclear, which were evaluated in this study through data extracted and summarized from 5 major cities as representatives. Methods This study was designed as a time-series study which was based on pharmacy prescription data. Analysis was performed on yearly aggregated visits and expenditure. The results were also stratified by indications and specialties. Results A total of 189,006 prescriptions of 67 hospitals in 6 years were included in the study. The average growth rates of overall visit and expenditure of OAC were 15.8 and 57.5%, respectively. The share of warfarin decreased and NOACs had taken 92% of cost, covering 28% of patients in 2017. The more frequently used NOACs were rivaroxaban and dabigatran. The use of OAC was differed by indication and specialty. Conclusion The use of NOACs was found increasing rapidly in both visits and cost, sharing a majority of cost with a minority of patients. Attentions should be paid on the rational use of NOACs.

Background: The perception of major versus minor complications may vary according to surgeons, institutions, and different specialties. Here, we analyzed the geographic distribution of the different types/severities of the most frequent complications in spinal surgery, and assessed how the perception of spine surgeons about postoperative complications differed. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire, we developed to encompass different clinical scenarios of surgeons' perceptions of spine surgery complications. The survey involved the members of AOSpine Latin America (LA) (January 28, 2017-March 15, 2017). The main variables studied included: specialty, age, years of experience, country, individual surgeon's perception of different clinical scenarios, and the surgeon's classification of complications for each scenario (e.g., major, minor, or none). Our results from LA were then analyzed and compared to North American (NA) responses. Results: Orthopedic surgeons represented about 58.2% (n = 412) of the 708 questionnaires answered. Of interest, 45.6% (n = 323) of those responding had >10 years of experience. The countries analyzed included Brazil (31.5%), Mexico (17.5%), Argentina (14.4%), Colombia (8.0%), and Venezuela (7.6%). Four of the 11 scenarios showed consensus in the results (e.g., average being over 82.5%). A tendency toward consensus was present in 45.4% of the clinical cases, while two out of 11 clinical cases did not present a consensus among surgeons. Of interest, the perception of complications was similar between cohorts (LA 85% vs. NA 80%). Conclusion: Significant consensus in the perception of complications was observed in most of the analyzed scenarios for both LA and NA. However, within the LA data, responses to different clinical scenarios varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The introduction of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has changed the landscape of preventing thromboembolism events in many countries. However, the prescription trends of oral anticoagulant (OAC) in China are still unclear, which were evaluated in this study through data extracted and summarized from 5 major cities as representatives.Methods: This study was designed as a time-series study which was based on pharmacy prescription data. Analysis was performed on yearly aggregated visits and expenditure. The results were also stratified by indications and specialties.Results: A total of 189,006 prescriptions of 67 hospitals in 6 years were included in the study. The average growth rates of overall visit and expenditure of OAC were 15.8 and 57.5%, respectively. The share of warfarin decreased and NOACs had taken 92% of cost, covering 28% of patients in 2017. The more frequently used NOACs were rivaroxaban and dabigatran. The use of OAC was differed by indication and specialty.Conclusion: The use of NOACs was found increasing rapidly in both visits and cost, sharing a majority of cost with a minority of patients. Attentions should be paid on the rational use of NOACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors proposed using simulants (training models) to practice the methods of tendon suturing during the pedagogical process. During practical classes training model allows orthopedists to master and improve their skills in suturing the ends of the ruptured tendon independently. The existing models for practicing tendon suturing are discussed in details. The description of the simulant is presented. The advisability of its application during thematic practice-oriented classes is justified.

Context: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder characterized by pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility of the joint. As the most prevalent form of arthritis and a leading cause of impairment, it is imperative to understand the treating doctor's perception of pain relief among these patients. Objectives: To assess orthopedists' perspectives on pain management in OA. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, a guide-based interview was conducted on 15 orthopedists of a tertiary care hospital and audio-recorded simultaneously. A grounded theory approach was adopted for data transcription with an inductive approach for thematic manual analysis. Results: Five themes emerged - (1) quality of life: OA produces significant disease burden causing severe impairment; (2) pain management: although patients usually demand immediate pain relief, a multipronged approach to treatment emphasizing on physiotherapy and surgery rather than analgesics is needed. Most participants preferred individual discretion while others felt the need for systematizing pain management; (3) precautions/side effects of treatment: paracetamol is often prescribed due to its better benefit - adversity profile as compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and weakopioids; (4) barriers: participants expressed several barriers to optimal pain management; (5) counseling: Participants concurred that counseling would improve patients' quality of life. Conclusions: Participants agreed that OA being associated with debilitating pain and impairment requires optimal pain management for improving patients' quality of life. As crucial as counseling is, it is often compromised due to the large outpatient load. The doctors concurred that a multi-disciplinary team approach is needed to integrate and optimize pain management in OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate social media usage of orthopaedic patients to search for solutions to their health problems., Methods: The study data were collected using face-to-face questionnaire with randomly selected 1890 patients aged over 18 years who had been admitted to the orthopaedic clinics in different cities and provinces across Turkey. The questionnaire consists of a total of 16 questions pertaining to internet and social media usage and demographics of patients, patients' choice of institution for treatment, patient complaints on admission, online hospital and physician ratings, communication between the patient and the physician and its effects., Results: It was found that 34.2% ( n = 647) of the participants consulted with an orthopaedist using the internet and 48.7% ( n = 315) of them preferred websites that allow users to ask questions to a physician. Of all question-askers, 48.5% ( n = 314) reported having found the answers helpful. Based on the educational level of the participants, there was a highly significant difference between the rates of asking questions to an orthopaedist using the internet ( P = 0.001). The rate of question-asking was significantly lower in patients with an elementary education than that in those with secondary, high school and undergraduate education ( P = 0.001) The rate of reporting that the answers given was helpful was significantly higher in participants with an undergraduate degree compared to those who were illiterate, those with primary, elementary or high school education ( P = 0.001). It was also found that the usage of the internet for health problems was higher among managers-qualified participants than unemployed-housewives, officers, workers-intermediate staff ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: We concluded that patients have been increasingly using the internet and social media to select a specific physician or to seek solution to their health problems in an effective way. Even though the internet and social media offer beneficial effects for physicians or patients, there is still much obscurity regarding their harms and further studies are warranted for necessary arrangements to be made., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest.