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The biochemical composition of three novel selected microalgae strains (Chlorophyta) was evaluated to confirm their potential possibilities as new sustainably produced biomass with nutritional, functional, and/or biomedical properties. Extracts from cultured Pseudopediastrum boryanum, Chloromonas cf. reticulata, and Chloroidium saccharophilum exhibited higher radical scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Total phenolic compounds and amino acids were determined by newly developed RP-HPLC methods. Total phenolic contents, as µg g−1 of dry biomass, reached 27.1 for C. cf. reticulata, 26.4 for P. boryanum, and 55.8 for C. saccharophilum. Percentages of total analysed amino acids were 24.3, 32.1, and 18.5% of dry biomass, respectively, presenting high values for essential amino acids reaching 54.1, 72.6, and 61.2%, respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant free amino acid in all microalgae samples, followed by proline and lysine in C. saccharophilum and P. boryanum, and methionine and lysine in C. reticulata. Soluble carbohydrates in aqueous extracts ranged from 39.6 for C. saccharophilum to 49.3% for C. reticulata, increasing values to 45.1 for C. saccharophilum and 52.7% for P. boryanum in acid hydrolysates of dried biomass. Results confirmed the potential possibilities of these microalgae strains.

In the present study carotenoids from tomato peel was elucidated by HPLC to utilize it as natural colorants in sunflower oil and spaghetti. Tomato peel contained 720 mg/100g of carotenoids consisting phytoene (3.15%) followed by phytofluene (2.31%), β-carotene (2.11%), cis-lycopene (1.71%), lutein (1.51%), cis-ζ-carotene (0.61%), ζ-carotene (0.56%), and γ-carotene (0.52%). Lycopene was found in highest amount (87.52%). Antioxidant activity of carotenoids from tomato peel was assessed by measuring Rancimat's test and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by using 50 to 200 mg/kg carotenoids in sunflower oil and spaghetti. The sunflower oil containing 50 to 200 mg/kg carotenoids showed higher antioxidant activity in comparison to 200 mg/kg Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Optimum cooking time, its weight and swelling index were remained same at different level of oil carotenoids tomato peel powder when compared with control. On the other hand spaghetti cooking becomes decrease by increase of carotenoids level in spaghetti when compared with control. Organoleptic evaluation of spaghetti prepared from lycopene revealed maximum score of smell, taste, odors, color texture and overall acceptability when compared with other tested sample and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their high anti-oxidant activity, phlorotannins represent potential natural alternatives to synthetic preservatives currently used within the food industry. However, their successful integration into food products requires research into their chemical integrity, particularly when selecting appropriate storage conditions. Subsequently, this study aims to investigate the stability of low molecular weight phlorotannin fractions from Fucus vesiculosus (L.). Powder and aqueous fractions were stored under five different conditions for 10 weeks. Phlorotannin stability was determined using Q-ToF-MS and UPLC-TQD-MS/MS and a DPPH assay. After 10 weeks of storage, fractions suspended in an aqueous matrix underwent oxidation when exposed to continuous atmospheric oxygen and thermal degradation when exposed to a constant temperature of 50 °C, resulting in decreases in radical scavenging activity (p < 0.001). Phlorotannins remained stable under all other storage conditions. This study highlights phlorotannins as highly stable polymers, under certain storage conditions, with an excellent capacity for scavenging radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptide fractions extracted from Flathead by-products were evaluated for in vitro free radical scavenging and cancer cell cytotoxic activities. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), presence of protease and molecular weight (MW) influenced the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic (ABTS) radical scavenging activities (RSA) of Flathead peptide fraction. Low MW peptides (<3 kDa), obtained from overnight incubation with added an exogenous protease, significantly inhibited free radicals and showed the highest RSA of 94.03 and 82.89 % against DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The presence of bioactive peptides during HO exposure increased viability of T4056 normal cells. Furthermore, peptide fractions <3 kDa inhibited the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells up to 91.04 %, although the activity was found to be non-selective. Further purification revealed a novel peptide, Met-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-Leu-Ala-Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Glu-Ala-Gly-Arg, with RSA properties. These results indicated that peptides extracted from Flathead by-products have a potential to be used as natural antioxidants and/or chemo-protective agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of structurally diverse quinolinobenzothiazinones has been synthesized with the annulation of heterocyclic structural pharmacophores. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of their analytical and spectral data. The synthesized quinolinobenzothiazinones were evaluated for their antioxidant (LPO and GSH) and radical scavenging activities (DPPH and ABTS assays). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to identify the differences among various aromatic rice genotypes in growth and yield as well as the characterization of bran oil and hull volatile constituents of both Egyptian Jasmine and Giza177 rice varieties under Egyptian condition. Six different rice genotypes namely; Egyptian Jasmine, IR74052-177-3-3, IR74053-144-2-3, Basmati 370 and PR26679-PI 3-1 Giza 177 as a check variety were transplanted at the experimental farm of RRTC during the rice growing seasons 2012 and 2013. Randomize complete block design with four replications was used. The main results revealed that the rice genotypes differed significantly (P<0.05) with respect to agronomic studied characters under study. Egyptian Jasmine surpassed most of the other tested genotypes in these characters, while the check variety Giza177 recorded the lowest values of plant height, duration and number of panicle m-2. Giza177 produced the longest panicle with highest number of its branches and the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 with the lowest sterility % consequently produced the greatest grain yield t ha-1. Chemical-physical parameters of Egyptian Jasmine and Giza177 rice varieties bran oil were characterized. The free fatty acid, peroxide value, Saponification number and iodine value were recorded as 3.1% (as Oleic acid), 4.55 (meq O2/kg oil), 185.1 (mg KOH/g oil) and 92.64 (g I2/100 g oil), respectively. γ-oryzanol is an important component in rice bran oil, it occurs in Egyptian Jasmine rice bran oil at a high level up to 1.8%, where it serves as a natural antioxidant. Data also showed that Egyptian Jasmine rice bran oil had higher RSA and oxidative stability 59.23% and 22.86 h, respectively than Giza177 rice bran oil. The fatty acid profile of Giza177 rice bran oil showed palmitic acid (20.02%), stearic acid (1.95%), oleic acid (45.99%), linoleic acid (28.07%) and linolenic acid (1.40%) as major fatty acids. Results revealed that Egyptian Jasmine rice bran oil had higher oleic acid content and lower linoleic acid content than Giza177 rice bran oil. Percentage of hull constituents of Egyptian Jasmine was markedly higher than in hull of Giza 177. Moreover, the same trend was observed with total phenol content (TCP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Generally, the increase of total phenolic content led to an increase in DPPH %, this result led to an increase of anti-oxidant activity in rice hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochemical composition of three novel selected microalgae strains (Chlorophyta) was evaluated to confirm their potential possibilities as new sustainably produced biomass with nutritional, functional, and/or biomedical properties. Extracts from cultured Pseudopediastrum boryanum, Chloromonas cf. reticulata, and Chloroidium saccharophilum exhibited higher radical scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Total phenolic compounds and amino acids were determined by newly developed RP-HPLC methods. Total phenolic contents, as µg g−1 of dry biomass, reached 27.1 for C. cf. reticulata, 26.4 for P. boryanum, and 55.8 for C. saccharophilum. Percentages of total analysed amino acids were 24.3, 32.1, and 18.5% of dry biomass, respectively, presenting high values for essential amino acids reaching 54.1, 72.6, and 61.2%, respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant free amino acid in all microalgae samples, followed by proline and lysine in C. saccharophilum and P. boryanum, and methionine and lysine in C. reticulata. Soluble carbohydrates in aqueous extracts ranged from 39.6 for C. saccharophilum to 49.3% for C. reticulata, increasing values to 45.1 for C. saccharophilum and 52.7% for P. boryanum in acid hydrolysates of dried biomass. Results confirmed the potential possibilities of these microalgae strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochemical composition of three novel selected microalgae strains (Chlorophyta) was evaluated to confirm their potential possibilities as new sustainably produced biomass with nutritional, functional, and/or biomedical properties. Extracts from cultured Pseudopediastrum boryanum , Chloromonas cf. reticulata , and Chloroidium saccharophilum exhibited higher radical scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Total phenolic compounds and amino acids were determined by newly developed RP-HPLC methods. Total phenolic contents, as µg g -1 of dry biomass, reached 27.1 for C. cf. reticulata , 26.4 for P. boryanum , and 55.8 for C. saccharophilum . Percentages of total analysed amino acids were 24.3, 32.1, and 18.5% of dry biomass, respectively, presenting high values for essential amino acids reaching 54.1, 72.6, and 61.2%, respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant free amino acid in all microalgae samples, followed by proline and lysine in C. saccharophilum and P. boryanum , and methionine and lysine in C. reticulata . Soluble carbohydrates in aqueous extracts ranged from 39.6 for C. saccharophilum to 49.3% for C. reticulata , increasing values to 45.1 for C. saccharophilum and 52.7% for P. boryanum in acid hydrolysates of dried biomass. Results confirmed the potential possibilities of these microalgae strains.