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Metaphysical grounding is often presented as a relation of directed dependence analogous to causation. The relationship between causation, properties, and laws of nature is hotly debated. I ask: what is the relationship between grounding, properties, and laws of metaphysics? I begin by considering the grounding analogue of Humean quidditism. Finding it implausible, I turn to the primitive-laws account of grounding, recently defended by Jonathan Schaffer and others. I argue this view is also unsatisfactory. I then present several possible dispositionalist-like accounts and characterize the notion of a power to ground. I argue for three important conclusions: (i) each property essentially confers grounding powers; (ii) non-fundamental properties can be defined structurally in a particular sense, elucidating the claim that they are 'nothing over and above' the fundamental; and (iii) fundamental properties play a central role in grounding the grounding facts. Finally, it is significant that, combined with a causal powers-account of causal explanation, the door is open to a unified account of the metaphysics of causation and grounding: both flow from the natures of fundamental properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactive character of social relations, though empirically pervasive, is analytically neglected. Yet, reaction seems a surprisingly useful category to make sense of the extensive environmental links of behaviour/action lying at the very junction of social phenomenology (the here-and-now) and social ecology (the elsewhere-at-other-times). To advance a deeper theorization of this category, we start by mobilizing Mauss's notion of 'counter-gift', elaborating on three interactionist properties (investments, rhythms and the psyche–society nexus) which make the moment of reaction pivotal. Next, we show how reactions are less deterministic than usually assumed, by examining a series of counterintuitive configurations where the action–reaction link is non-linear and circuitous. Since receptions and consequent responses to others' acts are determined by factors of speed and intensity, we then address both dromological and morphogenetic aspects of reaction processes. The last part of this article looks into war as a large-scale reactive formation, proposing that social interaction gets 'activated' mainly through mutual (and, not infrequently, adverse) replies among actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attends to the conjuncture in the early 1970s of post-Cagean musical practice and poststructuralist theory associated with the journal Musique en jeu and the music department of the Centre universitaire expérimental de Vincennes. Reading the theoretical writing of figures including Daniel Charles and Ivanka Stoïanova alongside the music of Costin Miereanu, the article elaborates the account of the open work that emerges there, before turning to an LP by Miereanu, Luna cinese (1975), which grapples with the aporetic figure of the open record and in so doing takes the 'openness' of post-Cagean experimentalism in new directions. In conclusion, I begin to theorize what Miereanu's open record suggests about the listening that records call for and the fixity of records in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Trajectories and crossroads of development theories in Latin America" analyzes the evolution of economic thought in the region over 40 years, since the crisis of 1982. It is structured in four chapters that address currents such as Marxism, structuralism, neo-structuralism, and post-development. It highlights the importance of revisiting Latin American thought in the face of current challenges such as climate change and neoliberal globalization, with examples from Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay, and El Salvador. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Kirikkale University Journal of Social Science (KUJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores a development strategy for peripheral economies by advocating for a paradigm shift from traditional economic models that rely on accumulating foreign reserves. It proposes the job guarantee (JG) policy, an automatic stabilizer based on a reserve pool of employed individuals, as a cornerstone for fostering sustainable and inclusive growth. Grounded in modern monetary theory (MMT), this study critiques the conventional approach that prioritizes external reserves and highlights the potential of MMT in offering a more autonomous development path for developing countries. A systematic review of the literature, using the PRISMA methodology, reveals significant divergence between MMT advocates and critics, particularly regarding monetary sovereignty and the feasibility of implementing macroeconomic policies in peripheral economies. This study emphasizes that while external constraints remain, the MMT perspective calls for flexible exchange rates, low interest rates, and capital controls as part of a broader strategy to reduce dependency on foreign currencies. The proposed approach prioritizes full employment, the mobilization of domestic resources, and structural transformation through policies like import substitution. Although the shift may involve the slower accumulation of capital, it offers a more equitable and stable development path. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the potential of MMT to expand the external constraint and enable sustainable development, despite challenges in implementation and political resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Quran, the attributes "Aḥad" and "Ṣamad" are endowed with a distinct aesthetic structure, which reflects their significance within the frameworks of substitution and combination. These attributes underscore the absolute oneness and self-sufficiency of Allah, while simultaneously highlighting the dependence of all creation on Him. This study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, incorporating structuralism and statistical stylistics, with a focus on Saussurean theory, to explore the aesthetic implications of the attributes "Aḥad" and "Ṣamad" in the Quran. The attribute "Aḥad" appears 73 times in the Quran, but is used solely once as an attribute of Allah in the first verse of Surah Al-Ikhlas, where it is presented in a nominal, affirmative sentence structure. Here, it functions rhetorically to emphasize Allah's uniqueness, remaining ineffable and distinct from all other entities. In contrast, "Ṣamad" is used only once in the Quran, in the second verse of Surah Al-Ikhlas. This term is also employed as an attribute of Allah, placed within a nominal, affirmative sentence structure, accompanied by the definite article and the restrictive particle, thereby asserting the existence of a singular, eternal, and self-sufficient being—Allah. The representation of these concepts, derived from the attributes "Aḥad" and "Ṣamad," is examined through the lens of structuralism, focusing on the axes of substitution and combination as outlined by Saussure. The interplay of these attributes, particularly in their collocation with the terms "He" and "Allah," and the repetition of "Allah," serves to reinforce their interdependence, highlighting the mutual validation of these attributes in affirming Allah's oneness through His self-sufficiency. Furthermore, the attribute "Ṣamad" not only asserts Allah's perpetual self-sufficiency but also strengthens the notion of His eternal oneness.

AbstractThis article discusses the advent, in the 1970s and early 1980s, of a critical turn in developmentalist thinking. This ideational shift was defined by the aspiration of classical development scholars to identify the conditions of possibility for ecologically sustainable and emancipatory forms of development in the periphery. Notably, it resulted in the formulation of Ignacy Sachs’s concept of eco-development—i.e. the developmentalist precursor to the notion of sustainable development. More than a simple effort to add an environmental dimension to development theory, eco-development expressed the search for another development, endogenous rather than mimetic, and oriented towards human needs. As such, it converged with the attempts of other major figures of classical development theory, such as Raúl Prebisch and Celso Furtado, to radically reconsider, over the same period, the nature of the transformations needed in the periphery. These contributions, however, have largely been forgotten, and their potential for critically thinking about development in the Anthropocene remains untapped. This article recovers the main conceptual innovations of this moment of theoretical transformation and argues that they formed the foundations of a sustainable developmentalism: an approach to sustainable development from and for the global periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Précis of Reality+" by David J. Chalmers explores the concept of technophilosophy, focusing on the intersection of philosophy and technology, particularly in the realm of virtual reality. Chalmers argues that virtual reality is genuine reality, presenting three central theses related to metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. The article delves into the implications of living in a virtual world, addressing issues of skepticism, consciousness, and moral status. Chalmers also discusses the use of virtual reality technology and its impact on perception, cognition, and societal structures. [Extracted from the article]

Geography scholarship examining Canadian colonialism often draws upon concepts and categories from the field of Settler Colonial Studies, including Patrick Wolfe's definition of settler colonialism as a "structure rather than an event." In this brief intervention, I argue that historical Marxist debates about structuralism and social class have important lessons for the way geographers characterize Canadian colonialism today. The definition of class as both relationship and process is especially relevant, because Indigenous intellectuals and activists tend to speak about (de)colonization in similar terms. By reframing Canadian colonialism as relationship and process rather than structure, we can better engage Indigenous criticisms of Settler Colonial Studies, understandings of (de)colonization, and epistemologies and ontologies. Key messages: Wolfe's definition of settler colonialism as a "structure rather than an event" has become politically and intellectually limiting.Analyses that emphasize colonial structures rather than Indigenous resistance leave limited room for human agency and risk presenting Indigenous peoples as passive victims.Reframing Canadian colonialism as both relationship and process allows us to combine different conceptual approaches to (de)colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on linguistics and the humanities. His ideas on linguistics have shaken the foundations of philosophical thinking and influenced structuralism in France. Self-criticism in pedagogical discourse has changed, moving away from the search for the "essential" towards reflection on linguistic means and styles of thinking. It is emphasized that pedagogical practice cannot be understood without appropriate conceptual tools. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores the core characteristics of Vratislav Effenberger's theoretical system, highlighting his perspective on the significance of imagination in ideological thinking. It provides background and an overview of Effenberger's concept of ideology, outlines the Surrealist notion of imagination, and presents the author's methodological connection of Surrealism, psychoanalysis, and Prague Structuralism. Effenberger emerges as a thinker dedicated to bridging the gap between the modernist (primarily avant-garde) interpretation of the world and the postmodern tendencies evident from the mid-20th century onwards. In Effenberger's terms, ideology is an approach to reality that aims to grasp it as at least a potentially meaningful totality and engages in the actualization of this meaning or totality in social and psychological practice. He argues that such an approach is closely linked with avant-garde thought, which, for various reasons, has diminished in significance since the Second World War. In place of prior unifying perspectives, relativism and skepticism have become more dominant. However, Effenberger contends that integrative inclinations remain alive in human thought in the form of "idea models" found in the field of "psychoideology"—the realm of preconscious thought formation. These idea models play a pivotal role in psychoideology, nurturing the dialectics of imaginative and conceptual reasoning, which are vital for fostering innovation and creative endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to place the psychoanalyst Raymond de Saussure (son of Ferdinand de Saussure and an analysand of Freud) within the history of structuralism, by emphasizing the linguistic dimensions of his early psychoanalytic thought. With reference to numerous unpublished letters, and other archival material, it reconstructs in detail three pivotal moments in the young de Saussure's early career. First, it locates a preliminary attempt to combine Freudian psychoanalysis with the linguistic theories of Ferdinand de Saussure in Raymond de Saussure's correspondence with the linguist Charles Bally and his review of Antoine Meillet. An attempt is then made to situate Saussure within the context of an early Swiss interest in the relationship between linguistics and psychoanalysis through a study of the papers presented by his colleagues Jean Piaget and Sabina Spielrein, at the 1922 International Psychoanalytic Congress in Berlin. The article then shifts its focus to 1940s New York, to explore how Saussure assisted his close friends and collaborators Roman Jakobson and, to a lesser extent, Claude Lévi-Strauss in establishing the fundamental coordinates of the structuralist movement. The article aims to call attention to an earlier Freudo-Saussurean synthesis that has been overshadowed by Jacques Lacan's later, more elaborate, application of Saussurean linguistics to psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Tribute to Maria da Conceição Tavares" is a tribute to the prominent heterodox economist and central figure in the economic thought of Latin America. Maria da Conceição Tavares contributed theoretically from CEPAL to her career as a professor at UNICAMP and UFRJ, as well as venturing into Brazilian politics. Her legacy highlights her role as a pioneer of Latin American structuralism, her critical analysis of the import substitution model, and her commitment to social justice. Tavares is remembered for her academic contributions and political activism, being a key figure in understanding the challenges of inclusive development in the region. [Extracted from the article]

This study uses Khawla Hamdi's novel In My Heart is a Hebrew Woman as a model for analysis. The novel has artistic value, particularly in its portrayal of religious dialogue and the argumentative techniques employed by the author, which promote peaceful coexistence and highlight significant challenges faced by Muslims in their relationships with others. The study aims to clarify the concept of religious dialogue and its elements, analyzing interreligious relationships through rational dialogue that fosters understanding. Additionally, the study examines the techniques used by the author to convey the narrative's thematic value within the structure of the text. A structural and pragmatic approach is employed to identify representations of religious dialogue, present the linguistic structure within the text, and showcase various methods of pragmatic argumentation. The study concludes that In My Heart is a Hebrew Woman serves as an important focal point for the circulation of verbal messages represented by the two poles of dialogue: the verbal sender and the verbal receiver. It found that the nature of religious dialogue varied depending on the characters in the text. The exploratory dialogue contributed to shaping the Jewish family's perspective toward the Muslim characters, "Rima" and "Nada." Furthermore, the textual determinants of the verbal message in the religious dialogue interacted with methods of rational protest, reinforcing the importance of coexistence between religions and advocating for a peaceful solution that upholds the freedom of religious thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the impact of the balance-of-payments constraint on output, income distribution and policy space in a small economy open to both commercial and financial flows. We do so by extending a Sraffian supermultiplier growth model to consider current and capital accounts and endogenous money. Expansionary fiscal policies increase output and its long run growth rate but have a negative impact on the balance-of-payments. Based on these results, we derive the value of government spending that maximises output while maintaining external equilibrium. Monetary policy also influences the balance-of-payments by attracting foreign financial flows through higher interest rates. This relationship is non-monotonic, since these flows can finance the external deficit resulting from a high output level but can also lead to a greater interest burden. This trade off allows us to find the level of the interest rate that maximises external space. It also implies that, with limits, raising interest rates might allow for higher real wages. Lastly, we examine the effects of the currency denomination of debt. We find that, in case of a depreciation, debt in domestic currency allows for a less contractionary adjustment than foreign currency-denominated debt but does not lead to higher economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of bricolage was formulated by Lévi-Strauss in The Savage Mind to provide an analogy for how mythical thought works. In the following decades, scholars have frequently deployed the concept, not only in anthropology, but also in sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Inheriting Lévi-Strauss's structuralism, French-speaking scholarship has tended to emphasize the structural patterns or constraints of bricolage, while English-speaking scholars have shown more interest in the individuality, subjectivity, or contingency of bricolage. This article seeks to integrate the merits of both strands of scholarships, transcend the collectivist/individualistic divisions, and develop bricolage into a multidimensional concept: Bricolage is a generative principle of regulated improvisation responding to restrictive or limited conditions. My ethnographic study of Kitchen God worship in one region of China shows that the entire process of creating bricolage is an individual embodiment of collective structure. Although bricolage is a product of structure intended to reproduce the structure, it can occasionally affect or change the structure. Thus, it is an important micro mechanism for culture change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though narratives have been called on to expose the operation of structural violence, they threaten to reinforce neoliberal ideas of agency. This essay argues for a return to structuralism not in order to construct a universal grammar but to take narratives apart. Structuralism looks for virtual borders and connections, durable cuts and links. It reveals how apparently bounded forms are constituted and given power through the way they organize differences, adjuncts, substitutes, and contraries. Structuralism's interlocking abstractions can shed light now on kinds of violence that are not personal and not events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author summarizes various aspects of size in languages with different structures, highlighting the understanding of size by psychologists and linguists. A cognitive approach to the notion of size shows its connection with information processing channels, namely the channel of vision. The variety of ways of naming the size depends on the type of medicinal plant (herbaceous or shrub) and the layer of the vocabulary - literary vs. common. The results of the research can be useful for lexicologists, specialists in cognitive linguistics, and culture studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Berliner Debatte Initial is the property of Berliner Debatte Initial e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to discuss the changes in the conception of language in Jacques Lacan's teaching based on the transformation of its minimum element, the signifier. We will begin by reconstructing the first definition of the signifier that we find in the Seminar of the 1950s with anthropological-linguistic structuralism, approaching its transformation at the beginning of the 1960s with the introduction of the unary trait. In this paper, we will try to extract each comprehension of language that follows or are derived from the different definitions of signifier. Doing so, we will indicate the solidarity between the element and the structure, that is, how the properties of one interfere in the consistency of the other and how, in the change operated by Lacan on the element, a modification is extracted in the structuring of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the critique of psychologism initiated by Gottlob Frege and championed by Edmund Husserl, logicians and psychologists alike have adhered to a strict division of labour. This has created a gap between reasoning as a psychological phenomenon and logic. However, reasoning involves logic, and logic is the benchmark of rationality; intuitively at least, reasoning and logic are connected. Recently, attempts have been made to bridge the gap, but the strict division of labour is often eroded. Jean Piaget conceived genetic epistemology as a science of the growth of knowledge, and since logical knowledge is in its purview the accusation of psychologism was omnipresent. In this paper, I outline Piaget's psychological account of the development of logic and argue that he successfully navigated the hazards of psychologism. In essence, he minds the gap by preserving the division of labour; however, by making logic the mirror of thought, he also intimated at a bridge. Concrete correspondences between logic and psychological structures of thought lie at the heart of Piaget's metaphor, and, by building on these foundations, I illustrate how an axiom schema for sentential logic can be derived from the interpropositional grouping, Piaget's psychological model of the operational structure characterising hypothetico-deductive reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between large language models (LLMs) and humans as well as its impact on practical theology, more specifically on ritual-liturgical studies. We show how LLMs question human exceptionalism in the realms of language, creativity, grounding, and meta-representation. Subsequently, we discuss the assumed role of language in understanding who we are as humans. LLMs call for a reappraisal of Saussure's structuralism. We demonstrate how in LLMs, structuralism converges with hermeneutic approaches to language. We speculate on the immanent interpenetration of LLMs and liturgical practices from the perspective of a revisiting of structuralism. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the future of LLMs and liturgy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring meaning is a central problem in cultural sociology and word embeddings may offer powerful new tools to do so. But like any tool, they build on and exert theoretical assumptions. In this paper, I theorize the ways in which word embeddings model three core premises of a structural linguistic theory of meaning: that meaning is coherent, relational, and may be analyzed as a static system. In certain ways, word embeddings are vulnerable to the enduring critiques of these premises. In other ways, word embeddings offer novel solutions to these critiques. More broadly, formalizing the study of meaning with word embeddings offers theoretical opportunities to clarify core concepts and debates in cultural sociology, such as the coherence of meaning. Just as network analysis specified the once vague notion of social relations, formalizing meaning with embeddings can push us to specify and reimagine meaning itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a historical analysis of Settler Colonial Studies (SCS). Partly because most SCS scholars in principle only see those polities as settler colonies whose settlers eventually became a majority and gained independence—i.e. principally the United States, Canada, Australia, and Aotearoa/New Zealand—some historians have critiqued it. At the same time, historians have used it to revisit their research. Throughout, though, they have engaged SCS in area- and period-specific journals, without bundling their insights. This historical analysis of SCS addresses that issue. It has two parts. As shorter first part unpacks the historical-political background for SCS's Anglo-bias: the similar and linked domestic political trajectories of Canada, the United States, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Australia's indigenous peoples from the 1950s and their centrality in the internationalization of indigenous politics from the late 1960s to the 1990s. A longer second part analyzes three issues both central to SCS and relevant to historians: structuralism, colonialism versus settler colonialism, and the settler-native binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), a functionalist linguistic framework developed by Michael Halliday from the 1960s onwards and still highly influential in Australia, China and South America, with strong centres in Europe, owes a great debt to Czech Structuralism. The paper provides an overview of the influences of Czech Structuralism on the development of SFL, in particular its links to the Prague Linguistic Circle and to the later Czech Structuralist-Functionalist tradition, especially the work of František Daneš. These theories contributed to the conceptualization of the central SFL dimensions: structure, system, stratification, instantiation, metafunction; while the implementations of some functionalist ideas in these approaches almost completely coincide, others show divergence on various theoretical and practical points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the article, the authors analyze the genesis of the principles of national civil procedure based on the analysis of Roman law. It is noted that the principles of civil procedure of Ancient Rome laid the foundation for most modern legal systems around the world. The Roman legal tradition, with its complex structures and convincing philosophy, is an important source of knowledge not only for scholars and higher education students, but also for practicing lawyers. The principles of civil procedure in ancient Rome stem from a comprehensive understanding of how the legal system functioned. At the heart of these principles is a complex system designed to uphold justice, promote fairness, and ensure access to the courts for all citizens. In ancient Rome, judicial proceedings were governed by a set of principles that were known primarily from customary practice and later codified in sources of law such as the Corpus Juris Civilis. These principles were intended to balance the scales of justice among the competing interests of various stakeholders, including individual litigants, the state, and society as a whole. Each principle functioned not only as a rule, but also as a reflection of broader societal values encompassing the concepts of fairness, accountability and integrity of the judicial process. In this article, the authors analyze the rule of law, the principle of dispositivity, the principle of competition, the principle of publicity, the principle of transparency, and the principle of justice. Based on a critical analysis of the views of scholars presented in legal science, the authors conclude that it was the Roman civil procedure that became the foundation for the formation of the principles of civil procedure of many modern legal systems, which provide invaluable insights into the nature of justice, formalism and the role of law interpretation. Roman law remains an important topic in legal research, providing fundamental knowledge about the evolution of legal institutions and procedures. It allows modern lawyers to understand the reasons for many modern legal innovations. As legal systems continue to evolve, the principles of civil justice originating in ancient Rome will undoubtedly influence current discussions about justice, equality, and the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern linguistic studies have produced special materials that contain new approaches to literary and linguistic critical research. These new approaches, in turn, have dealt with literary texts - whether ancient or modern - from an angle in which they differ from each other, but the common denominator is that... What unites them is the language, as all of these approaches adopted language as their basis in dealing with and reading the literary work. This is why readings and analyzes of literary texts appeared according to several approaches, represented by structuralism and deconstruction. Semiotics, stylistics, and pragmatics, and all of these are not lacking It includes after consideration and investigation. As I stand before these linguistic schools, I decided to adopt a stylistic approach that brought Surat Al-Dhuha closer to the text. The Holy Qur'an through stylistic shift in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let be an item, concept, idea, proposition, school of thought, current, theory, etc. and be the opposite of . Analogously for and its opposite . Neutrosophy means to find: (i) common parts to uncommon things (that is, and have something in common, or their intersection n is not empty), and vice versa: (ii) (ii) uncommon parts to common things (the two equal items = have also uncommon parts, either n is not empty, or n is not empty). Both, the Common Parts to Uncommon Things, and the Uncommon Parts to Common Things, end up being parts of indeterminacy / neutrality situated between the opposites: denoted by , which means neither nor , but in between them; and respectively by , which similarly means neither nor , but in between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]