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Ni/SAPO-11 catalysts with highly dispersed Ni (TA-Ni/SA-11) were prepared using tartaric acid as a dispersant. The effect of the tartaric acid content on the physiochemical properties of the TA-Ni/SA-11 catalysts and their n-heptane hydroisomerization performance were investigated. TA-Ni/SA-11 exhibits smaller Ni particles and more Ni active sites in comparison to conventional Ni/SAPO-11 prepared via the impregnation method due to the interaction between tartaric acid and Ni2+. As the molar ratio of tartaric acid and Ni2+ (nTA/nNi) increases, the number of Ni active sites in TA-Ni/SA-11 rises, while the surface area and relative crystallinity decrease because of the dealumination of SAPO-11. When nTA/nNi is 0.75, 0.75TA-Ni/SA-11 presents the highest n-heptane conversion of 82.4% and isomer selectivity of 90.5%, as well as the lowest cracking selectivity of 9.0% at 380 °C, 1.5 MPa, 2 h− 1, and a volume ratio of H2 to n-heptane of 400 among these catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinolineboronic and isoquinolineboronic acids were suggested earlier as receptors for sugars with fluorescence signaling properties. Here we report a detailed study of the acid–base, optical, tautomeric and recognition properties of 3-quinolineboronic (3-QBA) and 5-isoquinolineboronic acids (5-IQBA) using a set of α-hydroxyacids of different structures as well as fructose as target compounds and demonstrate that these receptors possess optimum binding properties towards α-hydroxyacids rather than for usual sugars. Particularly strong binding with stability constants reaching 104–105 M−1 at optimum pH between 4 and 5 is observed for tartaric and citric acids. Also, very large affinity was found for the enolic form of oxalacetic acid. The tautomeric equilibrium between molecular and zwitterionic forms of formally neutral acids is shifted to the zwitterion for 3-QBA but to the molecular form for 5-IQBA. The fluorescence intensity of both acids is reduced by complexation with α-hydroxyacids but enhanced by complexation with fructose. These opposite trends are related to different types of binding: α-hydroxycarboxylate anions bind to a fully protonated form of boronic acid containing a neutral trigonal –B(OH)2 group, but fructose binds to the zwitterion or anion of boronic acid containing an anionic tetrahedral –B(OH)3− group restoring the quenching effect of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of copper ferrite (CuFe 2 O 4) nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method with three distinct chelating/combustion agents: glycine (GCF), succinic acid (SCF), and tartaric acid (TCF). The choice of chelating agent significantly influenced the structural, morphological, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties of the CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The synthesis of high-crystallinity CuFe 2 O 4 was achieved using glycine and succinic acid, resulting in certain impurities, namely Fe 2 O 3 and CuO. In contrast, the tartaric acid yielded the purest form of CuFe 2 O 4 , containing only trace amounts of Fe 2 O 3 while exhibiting lower crystallinity. Importantly, both tartaric acid and succinic acid significantly reduced particle size and surface roughness. Variations in the position of IR bands indicated changes in cation distribution within the Oh sites influenced by chelating agents variation. Optically, a significant red shift in the absorption edge was observed with an extended absorption tail into higher wavelengths, likely attributed to morphological variations in the nanocrystals. The GCF sample exhibited a band gap (BG) value of 1.56 eV, while the SCF and TCF samples displayed BG values of 1.64 eV and 1.60 eV, respectively suggesting the suitability of these ferrite powders for solar energy photocatalysis applications. The refractive index (n) values for the GCF, SCF, and TCF samples were recorded to be above 2.5, indicating their high refractive indices. Among the samples, GCF exhibited the highest refractive index value. A significant increase in coercivity was observed when transitioning from tartaric acid (530 Oe) to glycine (931 Oe), while an even more dramatic increase was recorded for the SCF sample, synthesized with succinic acid (1275 Oe). This demonstrates the substantial impact of the chelating agent on the magnetic coercivity of the CuFe 2 O4 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was preliminary evaluated using the degradation of congo red dye under solar irradiation. GCF exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance (96 %), followed by SCF (92 %) and TCF (39 %). This superior performance can be attributed to the higher crystallinity and presence of free CuO and Fe 2 O 3 phases in GCF and SCF, which likely facilitated charge carrier separation and transfer. The degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction, as evidenced by the linear relationship between ln(C t /C 0) and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this study, expired Beloc containing metoprolol (ML) and tartaric acid (TA) was thoroughly analyzed to determine its efficiency in inhibiting the corrosion of mild steel (MS) in a 0.5 M HCl solution. Both experimental and theoretical approaches were utilized. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP 6–311++G(d,p) basis set was employed to investigate the quantum chemical properties of ML and TA. The electronic properties were determined, revealing that certain characteristics such as dipole moment and energy band gap of the primary constituents effectively inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. The experimental study involved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at various concentrations (200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) of ML-TA and different immersion times (1–168 h). Additionally, SEM images were taken to compare the surface morphology in the absence and presence of ML-TA. During a 1-h immersion period, the polarization resistance values were 39, 212.3, 249.5, 255.8, and 382.8 Ω cm2, and the corresponding inhibition efficiencies (IE%) were 81.6%, 84.4%, 85.3%, and 89.8% for 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm MEM, respectively. For prolonged immersion at 500 ppm ML-TA, the IE% values increased to 88.2%, 91.5%, 93.7%, and 95.5% at 24, 48, 96, and 168 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium chinense juice is rich in a variety of nutrients and ingredients for health, and concentrated juice is its important circulation type. In order to explore the effect of concentration methods on the quality characteristics of Lycium chinense juice, the heating concentration (HC), vacuum concentration (VC), secondary freezing concentration (SFC), heating-assisted primary freezing concentration (HAPFC), and vacuum-assisted primary freezing concentration (VAPFC) were applied in the present work, and the color, reducing sugar, sugar fraction, organic acid fraction, total phenols, total flavonoids, carotenoids, DPPH and FRAP of Lycium chinense juice before and after concentrated were measured. The results showed that VC treatment showed better color protection than the other treatment groups, as well as retained higher reducing sugar in concentrated juice, and less effect on malic acid and tartaric acid degradation. The total phenols and total flavonoids of Lycium chinense juice concentrated by VC were higher 8.76%~21.40% and 5.41%~13.77% than other groups, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing capacity of Lycium chinense juice concentrated by VC owed higher 6.98%~29.77% and 5.97%~26.76% when compared with the other groups, beside lower carotenoids degradation. Therefore, VC showed the best protection effects on the quality characteristics of Lycium chinense juice during concentration and it is a suitable way to concentrate Lycium chinense juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), is currently attracting worldwide attention because of its substantial nutritional value, is currently attracting worldwide attention. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of mycorrhizal and different concentrations of phosphorus fertilizer on phytochemical traits of Quinoa seed intercropped with Maize. The study was done separately in two Locations (Shahrood and Mayamey, Iran). Use of mycorrhizal (AMF) in two levels (unused and use of mycorrhizal), Cropping ratios (CR) have three levels (100, 75, and 50%), and Phosphorus fertilizer (P), has three levels (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha). Results show the highest ash (4.43 %), Tartaric acid (13.39 %), Lactic acid (1.17 %), and Soluble carbohydrates (76.37%), were observed in Mayamey location by 50 % CR and use of 50 kg/ha P fertilizer and AMF inoculated in Mayamey location. The measured values were higher than the Shahrood location. Our findings showed that AMF display essential roles in optimizing plant strategies for phosphorus uptake and the efficient utilization of phosphorus in the intercropping system. Application of AMF in a 50 % ratio could be proposed to farmers as a friendly method to obtain favorable biochemical traits, mainly when using 50 kg/ha of P fertilizer. In general, the use of AMF inoculation and 50 kg p/ha in 50% CR has increased the biochemical traits of Quinoa seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the use of the meso-isomer of tartaric acid, meso-tartaric acid, to tune the chirality of the dynamic aggregates of a perylenebisimide dye bearing boronic acid groups in the presence of enantiomeric L -/ D -tartaric acid. The CD-ee dependence changes from S- to anti-S-shaped. A change in the structures of the chiral aggregates led by the meso-tartaric acid is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of sodium y zeolite (NaY‐zeolite) on crosslinked Polyvinyl alcohol (CrPVA) composite films were investigated. The spectroscopic analysis showed that crosslinks were formed between PVA, Tartaric acid (TA), and NaY‐zeolite particles. The thermal stability of the CrPVA film was improved with the addition of zeolite. Optimum thermal stability was observed for 5 wt % zeolite content. It can be seen that the mechanical properties also improved for 5 wt % zeolite‐doped CrPVA composite films when compared with CrPVA. It was observed that Young's modulus increased 54.14 to 74.49 MPa. While the degree of crystallinity of the composite film decreased from 20.42 to 14.77% due to zeolite content. This is thought to be due to the increase in the structure's crosslinking rate. The utilization of TA and NaY zeolite in membrane applications may be considered an advantage for improving the mechanical characteristics and the recyclability of membrane technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of polysaccharides (PS) from red grape marc and white grape pomace by enzymatic degradation of their cell walls is an interesting green extraction technique that preserves the structure and bioactivity of PS. The type and dose of enzyme, and the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio in PS extraction were studied using four commercial enzymes. Four different doses per enzyme were used, with tartaric acid as solvent and L/S ratios of 1.3/1 and 4/1 for 24 h at 20 °C, compared with a control. The highest dose of enzyme E1, polygalacturonase + pectin lyase + pectin-methyl-esterase (with the highest activity) was the most effective in the degradation of high and medium molecular weight PS. At the lower L/S ratio, the fact that the highest dose of E1 degraded a higher percentage of high and medium molecular weight PS in the marc was explained by the difference in cell wall deconstruction between pomace and marc. The highest total PS purity was achieved in pomace with E1 at the maximum dose in both ratios, and in marc at the 1.3/1 ratio. The extraction efficiency of total PS was low for all enzymes. In the future, extraction with E1 combined with other green extraction techniques will be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as versatile, sustainable media for the synthesis of nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, tunability, and biocompatibility. This study develops a one-step method to modify commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPE) using laser-induced pyrolysis of DES, consisting of choline chloride and tartaric acid with dissolved nickel acetate and dispersed graphene. The electrodes were patterned using a 532 nm continuous-wave laser for the in situ formation of Ni nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets directly on the SPE surface (Ni-G/SPE). The synthesis parameters, specifically laser power and graphene concentration, were optimized using the Nelder–Mead method to produce modified Ni-G/SPEs with maximized electrochemical response to dopamine. Electrochemical characterization of the developed sensor by differential pulse voltammetry revealed its broad linear detection range from 0.25 to 100 μM and high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.095 μM. These results highlight the potential of laser-assisted DES synthesis to advance electrochemical sensing technologies, particularly for the detection of biogenic amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the chemical composition of gas and particle phases formed from the photooxidation of 1,3-butadiene (13BD) in the presence of NOx under acidified and non-acidified seed aerosol. The experiments were conducted in a 14.5 m3 smog chamber operated in a steady-state mode. Products were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. More than 50 oxygenated products were identified, including 33 oxygenated organics, 10 organosulfates (OSs), PAN, APAN, glyoxal, formaldehyde, and acrolein. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass and reaction products formed depended on RH and on the acidity of the seed aerosol. Based on the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM), the seed aerosol originated from the acidified and non-acidified solutions was found to exist under aqueous and solid phases, respectively. Although the terms "acidified" and "non-acidified" are true for the solutions from which the seeds were atomized, there are far more fundamental differences between the phase states in which species partition to or from (aqueous/solid), which considerably affects their partitioning and formation mechanisms. SOA mass and most SOA products (i) were higher under acidified seed conditions, where the aerosol particles were deliquescent, than under non-acidified seed conditions, where the aerosol particles did not contain any aqueous phase; (ii) increased with the acidity of the aerosol aqueous phase in the experiments under acidified seed conditions; and (iii) decreased with increasing RH. Glyceric acid, threitols, threonic acids, four dimers, three unknowns, and four organosulfates were among the main species measured under either acidified or non-acidified conditions across all RH levels. Total secondary organic carbon and carbon yield decreased with increasing RH under both acidified and non-acidified seed conditions. The photochemical reactivity of 13BD in our systems decreased with increasing RH and was faster under non-acidified than acidified seed conditions. To determine the contribution of 13BD products to ambient aerosol, we analyzed PM2.5 samples collected at three European monitoring stations located in Poland. The occurrence of several 13BD SOA products (e.g., glyceric acid, tartronic acid, threonic acid, tartaric acid, and OSs) in the field samples suggests that 13BD could contribute to ambient aerosol formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event. Methods A case-cohort nested study was designed within the PREDIMED trial with 1232 participants: 685 incident cases of CVD and a random subcohort of 625 participants (including 78 overlapping cases). Wine consumption was registered using validated food frequency questionnaires. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary tartaric acid at baseline and after one year of intervention. Weighted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD. Results Tartaric acid was correlated with self-reported wine consumption at baseline [r = 0.46 (95% CI 0.41; 0.50)]. Five categories of post hoc urinary tartaric acid excretion were used for better representation of risk patterns. Concentrations of 3–12 and 12–35 μg/mL, which reflect ∼3–12 and 12–35 glasses/month of wine, were associated with lower CVD risk [HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.38; 1.00), P =.050 and HR 0.50 (95% CI 0.27; 0.95), P =.035, respectively]. Less significant associations between self-reported wine consumption and CVD risk were observed. Conclusions Light-to-moderate wine consumption, measured through an objective biomarker (tartaric acid), was prospectively associated with lower CVD rate in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) was re-evaluated in 2020 by the Food Additives and Flavourings Panel (FAF Panel) along with acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a,b,d,e,f). As a follow-up to this assessment, the FAF Panel was requested to assess the safety of citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) for its use as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food categories (FCs) 13.1.1 (Infant formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC) and 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the recommendation of the re-evaluation of E 472c as a food additive to update the EU specifications in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. For this, a call for data was published to allow interested partied to provide the requested information for a risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 472c. Regarding the safety of the use of E 472c in food for infants below 16 weeks of age, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern from its use at the reported use levels and at the maximum permitted levels in food for infants below 16 weeks of age (FCs 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agent-based simulations are set to describe the early biotic selection of oligomers made of monomers of different chirality. The simulations consider the spatial distribution of agents and resources, the balance of biomass of different chirality, and the balance of chemical energy. Following the well-known Wald's hypothesis, a disadvantage is attributed to the change in chirality along the biochemical sequence. A racemic amino acid budget is considered, based on findings in meteorites and the results of Miller's experiments. It is also hypothesized that the very first life forms were heterotrophic. Given these assumptions, our simulations showed that biological sequences were not strictly homochiral and had few chirality changes. These results suggest that the current dominance of homochiral species may have been preceded by a more structurally varied biochemistry. This might be reflected in the few known heterochiral proteins, whose structures are based neither on alpha-helices nor on beta-sheets. Extraterrestrial life forms might be based on such heterochiral proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, researchers have devoted considerable effort to the study of high crystalline titanium‐oxo clusters (TOCs), because TOCs are considered to be the molecular analogs of TiO2 nanoparticles and have the potential to be utilized as effective cleaning and catalytic materials. Two new tartrate‐anchored tetranuclear TOCs functionalized with chromophore ligand of p‐nitrobenzoate (NB)/p‐toluenesulfonate (TS), namely, [Ti4(TA)(NB)2(OiPr)10] (1, H4TA = tartaric acid) and [Ti4(TA)(TS)2(OiPr)10] (2), were synthesized and their structures were characterized by various methods. The molecular structure analyses indicated that 1 and 2 are all tetranuclear {Ti4} TOCs, in which tartrate appears as a hexadentate μ4‐bridging ligand while p‐nitrobenzoate/p‐toluenesulfonate acts as a bidentate μ2‐bridging ligand. TOCs 1 and 2 are of good thermal and solvent stability. Furthermore, their photocurrent responses and photocatalytic degradation activities towards methylene blue (MB) were also investigated. In the presence of H2O2, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of MB by 1 and 2 are about 84.43% and 71.00%, respectively, at room temperature under visible light irradiation for 60 min. These findings shed light on designing efficient polycarboxylate‐based TOCs photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using tartaric acid (TA) as a wet‐method modifier to modify steel slag powder (SS), it is helpful to reduce the content of free calcium oxide (f‐CaO) in SS and further improve the mechanical properties and soundness of SS as supplementing cementitious materials (SCM) in the mortar. The results indicate that with the addition of 2 wt% of TA, the number of large particles bigger than 45 µm in the SS decreased, resulting in predominantly smaller particles smaller than 45 µm. While the specific surface area increased from 417 to 704 m2/kg, the water consumption at standard consistency was significantly reduced. The soundness of the paste SS as SCM had improved including the f‐CaO content decreased from 4.81% to 0.95%, and the Le Chatelier expansion reduced from 4.5 to 1.5 mm. The mechanical properties were significantly enhanced, with the flexural strength increasing from 5.6 to 7.8 MPa, and the compressive strength rising from 38.8 to 52.7 MPa. After 28 days of curing in water, the hydration products of the mortar are hydrated calcium silicate (C‐S‐H), calcium hydroxide (CH), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring new strategies for construction of chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is of paramount importance yet remains a challenge. Herein, we report the rational design and construction of chiral COFs through a linker decomposition chiral induction (LDCI) strategy. Three pairs of azine‐linked chiral COFs are successfully synthesized by the condensation reactions of C3‐symmetric 4,4′,4′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tribenzaldehyde (Tz) with flexible chiral dihydrazide linkers derived from malic acid, aspartic acid and tartaric acid, respectively. Remarkably, upon complete or partial decomposition from flexible chiral dihydrazides to hydrazine during COF synthesis, the homochirality of these COFs, originating from the single‐handedness conformation of propeller‐like Tz cores, is well preserved. Such a stereoselective chiral memory realized via the LDCI strategy is confirmed by time‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and diffuse reflectance circular dichroism (DRCD). Moreover, the resultant azine‐linked chiral COFs are used as the active materials to fabricate photodetectors to directly distinguish circularly polarized light (CPL), showing impressive recognition performances on the identification of left‐handed circularly (LHC) and right‐handed circularly (RHC) polarized lights. Notably, the residual undecomposed flexible chiral linkers within the COFs are found to be conducive to improving the polarization discrimination ratio. This work highlights LDCI as a new and effective strategy for constructing homochiral COFs with promising future in chiral optical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bioactive compounds and organic acids are applied to a wide range of foods against different types of foodborne pathogens. In the present study, carvacrol and thymol (1000 mg/L) were applied in wine-based marinades, alone or in combination with them and in combination with tartaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid (in concentration 0.1% w/v), in chicken and beef fillets and their antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity, and pH were estimated during refrigerated storage. Likewise, their antimicrobial activity was recorded against Enterobacteriaceae, total mesophilic bacteria, yeasts/molds, and lactic acid bacteria. The outcome demonstrated that both meats kept under similar storage conditions (4 °C/9 days) exhibited lower microbial growth, particularly with Enterobacteriaceae, when treated with wine-based carvacrol—thymol marinades and may extend their shelf-life. This antimicrobial action was more pronounced in the beef samples. The total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the applied marinades were determined using the Folin−Ciocalteau method and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. The results revealed that marinades with thymol and/or carvacrol in combination with acetic or ascorbic acid had greater TPC and antioxidant activity. The pH values of the respective marinades applied to both chicken and beef fillets exhibited an upturn during storage. Consequently, these marinades, even at low concentrations, could be used as natural preservatives in meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium–magnesium hydride (Mg–MgH 2) system has attracted attention worldwide recently because of its simple hydrogenation-dehydrogenation process, the cost-effectiveness of the raw materials, and relatively high hydrogen storage capacity compared to the other metal-metal hydride systems. The present study deals with the optimization of the process parameters for the synthesis of magnesium hydride (MgH 2) in sizable quantities using commercial-grade magnesium powder, characterization with respect to hydrogen storage capacity, by thermal dehydrogenation and pH-controlled aqueous hydrolysis. The thermal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation and mild acidified aqueous dehydrogenation behaviour of MgH 2 were studied systematically to compare the decomposition kinetics and storage capacity. The superior catalytic effect of V 2 O 5 on decreasing the onset-dehydrogenation temperature of MgH 2 is demonstrated. The MgH 2 -5 wt. % mesoporous V 2 O 5 sample starts releasing hydrogen at 220 °C, which is substantially less than the as-synthesized un-catalysed MgH 2 under identical conditions which starts releasing hydrogen at 430 °C. The dehydrogenated MgH 2 -5wt. %V 2 O 5 could be completely re-hydrogenated at 150 °C. Hydrolysis of as-synthesized MgH 2 was demonstrated using an aqueous solution using tartaric acid and the dehydrogenation behaviour was co-related with the pH of the solution. More than 90% hydrogen yield was achieved by the hydrolysis of MgH 2 in a tartaric acid solution of pH-4. Based on the result, a hydrogen gas dispenser using solid-state magnesium hydride as a hydrogen source is proposed for laboratory applications for the supply of ultra-pure hydrogen for various reactions and crystal growth experiments. • MgH 2 was successfully synthesized from Mg powder. • Hydrogenation - dehydrogenation kinetics was improved by catalysis. • Onset of desorption temperature decreased by 175 °C. • Absorption of >6 wt % of H 2 in less than 1h at 150 °C. • More than 90% hydrogen yield by hydrolysis of MgH 2 achieved by using tartaric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of indigenous non- Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from Vitis vinifera L. grape skins to improve the quality of regional wines by enhancing their physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Five promising yeast strains were identified at different stages of fermentation: Hanseniaspora opuntiae (J1Y-T1), H. guilliermondii (Y5P-T5), H. uvarum (JF3-T1N), Pichia kudriavzevii (Y8P-T8), and Starmerella bacillaris (WMP4-T4). Among these, H. uvarum and S. bacillaris were particularly noteworthy due to their superior alcohol production, achieving levels of 8.16 ± 0.05% and 8.04 ± 0.04% (v/v), respectively, and demonstrating higher alcohol tolerance even in later fermentation stages. Hanseniaspora uvarum also showed exceptional resilience, with a half-life of 3.34 ± 0.03 days and a Km value of 1.0200 ± 0.0100 mol L⁻¹, achieving the highest biomass even in the later stages of fermentation. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis revealed that while tartaric acid levels remained constant, malic acid content decreased, and acetic acid was produced by all strains. Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry identified ethyl acetate as the dominant volatile compound, with H. uvarum producing the highest concentration (43.411 ± 1.602%), contributing to a fruitier aroma and flavor. The combined attributes of H. uvarum higher alcohol content, enhanced fruity notes, improved clarity, lower acetic acid (0.52 ± 0.03 g L⁻¹), and significant residual sugar (162.37 ± 2.48 g L⁻¹) make it a promising candidate for improving the overall quality of regional wines. Incorporating H. uvarum into mixed starter cultures with specific Saccharomyces strains could further optimize the wine fermentation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of spent ternary lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for both resource recovery and environmental sustainability. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as an eco‐friendly leaching agent, offer a promising alternative to mineral acids for the metal recovery. However, current DES‐based systems primarily focus on binary LiCoO2 batteries and suffer from complex leaching conditions, including high operation temperature, long reaction time. Herein, a dual‐function green solution is synthesized using choline chloride and tartaric acid, enabling direct precipitation of nickel (Ni) and separation of cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and lithium (Li) within 50 min at 100 °C, without requiring additional reducing agents throughout the process. The recovery efficiency of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 99.2%, 97.3%, 94.4%, and 94.1%, respectively, while the purity of Ni products approached 99.9%. The used system is suitable for recycling various types of ternary batteries. Additionally, both theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that Ni ions exhibit superior binding energy and coordination with DESs compared to other ions, attributed to the synergistic effect of strong interaction and stable chelation. This research offers a promising method for the replenishment of essential metal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a deeper understanding of the characteristics exhibited by several novel mulberry varieties, the quality attributes and flavor components of five mulberry varieties (Zhongsang 5801, 2000-3, Jialing 40, Yuesang 10, and White Shahtoot Mulberry) were analyzed and compared. Zhongsang 5801 displayed the highest total phenol and flavone levels. Fructose and glucose were the primary sugars identified in the mulberries, with 2000-3 exhibiting the highest fructose content (39.66 ± 11.31 g/kg), whereas Zhongsang 5801 had the highest glucose content (26.19 ± 6.29 g/kg). The key organic acids found in the five mulberry varieties were oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid. Of them, 2000-3 had the highest malic acid content (0.66 ± 0.02 g/kg). Furthermore, 21 amino acids and 66 volatile components were detected in the five mulberry varieties. The study findings offer valuable insights for assessing, processing, and utilizing different mulberry varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-(1-Chloro­eth­yl)-6,7-dimeth­oxy-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­iso­quinoline was synthesized through the reaction of homoveratryl­amine with racemic lactic acid. The formation of two enanti­omers, RR and SS, was detected by performing X-ray diffraction analysis on their chloride salts. The asymmetric unit of the crystal consists of a C13H19ClNO2+ mol­ecular cation and a Cl− anion. Two protonated enanti­omers of the title compound, with RR and SS configurations of the chiral atoms, are connected into hydrogen-bonded dimers bridged by Cl− anions. Weak C—H⋯Cl inter­actions lead to the formation of a chain running along the a-axis direction of the unit cell, which corresponds to the longest dimension (the preferential growth direction) of the needle-shaped monocrystal. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Clofazimine (CFZ) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II drug introduced in the US market in 1986 for the treatment of leprosy. However, CFZ was later withdrawn from the market due to its extremely low aqueous solubility and low absorption. In the literature, the intrinsic solubility of CFZ has been estimated to be <0.01 μg/mL, and solubilities of its different salt forms in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids are <10 µg/mL. These are extremely low solubilities for the dissolution of a drug administered orally at 100–200 mg doses. Methods: In the present investigation, seven weak organic acids (adipic, citric, glutaric, maleic, malic, succinic, and tartaric) were tested by determining the aqueous solubility of CFZ as the function of acid concentration to investigate whether any of the acids would lead to the supersolubilization of CFZ. Results: There were only minimal increases in solubilities when concentrations of acids in water were increased up to 2.4 M. The solubilities, however, increased to 0.32, 1.23, and 10.68 mg/mL, respectively, in 5 M solutions of tartaric, malic, and glutaric acids after equilibration for 24 h at 25 °C. Crystalline solids were formed after the equilibration of CFZ with all acids. Apparently, salts or cocrystals were formed with all acids, except for glutaric acid, as their melting endotherms in DSC scans were in the range of 207.6 to 248.5 °C, which were close to that of CFZ itself (224.8 °C). In contrast, the adduct formed with glutaric acid melted at the low temperature of 77 °C, and no other peak was observed at a higher temperature, indicating that the material converted to an amorphous state. Conclusions: The increase in CFZ solubility to >10 mg/mL in the presence of 5 M glutaric acid could be called supersolubilization when compared to the intrinsic solubility of the basic drug. Such an increase in CFZ solubility and the conversion of the glutarate adduct to an amorphous state are being exploited to develop rapidly dissolving dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depletion of petroleum-based fossil resources and ever-increasing environmental problems are serious issues in the production of polymeric materials. An increasingly important approach is to obtain the building blocks used in the production of these materials from renewable sources of natural origin. In the present study, bio-sourced tartaric acid-based tartarimides were evaluated as monomeric diol compounds to synthesize polyurethane polymers. Structurally diverse tartarimides were conveniently obtained from the condensation reactions of tartaric acid with various primary amine compounds. The diol structure of the generated tartarimides allowed to access polyurethanes along with the polymerizations of diisocyanate monomers. Copolymers in the range of 22.9 kDa to 29.3 kDa molecular weights were obtained with moderately high total monomer conversions (up to 96%). Depending on the tartarimide and diisocyanate monomers employed during polymerization, copolymers with different physical and thermal properties were generated. By utilizing tartarimides carrying furan and alkene functionalities, side chain reactive polyurethanes were synthesized. These reactive polymers were evaluated in post-polymerization modification and crosslinking processes by using radical thiol-ene and Diels-Alder based click reactions. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the bio-sourced tartarimides could provide a convenient access to structurally tailorable polyurethane polymers that are important materials in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diastereomeric cocrystals are used in chiral separations. Cocrystal solubility of the diastereomers is necessary for process design. Here, we extend our cocrystal solubility prediction to diastereomeric cocrystals. In this work, cocrystals of malic acid and tartaric acid were studied in four different solvents. Results showed qualitative agreement with experimental data. Hence, the shortcut method can be applied for preliminary estimation of suitable solvents for resolution. The predicted solubility lines can also serve as a tool to identify the stability between diastereomeric cocrystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectin was extracted from onion peels using microwave and ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and compared with conventional acid-extracted pectin. The primary screening trials indicated that the suitable combination of hydrogen bond acceptor and donor was choline chloride and tartaric acid, respectively. The Box-Behnken design was further used to optimize processing conditions like microwave intensity (26.903 W/g), microwave processing duration (2.99 min), and sonication duration (10.18 min) for maximizing the pectin yield from onion peel powder. The moisture, ash, and equivalent weight of extracted pectin were in the range specified by the International Pectin Producers Association. The higher anhydrouronic acid content of the NADES-extracted pectin indicated the higher purity of pectin compared to the conventional acid-extracted pectin. The NADES-based extraction was found to be a promising system for extracting pectin with a higher degree of esterification from onion peels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing global contamination of dyes in natural waters has highlighted the need for versatile and effective cleanup methods. In this study, water-insoluble β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers, including CA/β-CD, MA/β-CD, and TA/β-CD, were synthesized by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin with three different organic acids: citric acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA), and malic acid (MA). This synthesis aimed to create polymers with distinct properties by incorporating these acids into the β-Cyclodextrin framework. The resulting polymers were characterized using various advanced analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. The synthesized polymers were then used to adsorb neutral red dye from aqueous solutions. The study explored various conditions for adsorption, including pH, adsorbent mass, dye concentration, temperature, and contact time, as well as adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Among the polymers, CA/β-CD, with its higher content of carboxyl groups, showed the highest efficiency in adsorbing neutral red dye under all tested conditions. The CA/β-CD adsorbent achieved 92% removal efficiency, with the dye being attracted to the negatively charged carboxyl ions through electrostatic forces, effectively removing it from water. These findings suggest that water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based polymers could be cost-effective adsorbents for removing dye from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, surface modification of wool fabrics by oxygen plasma was carried out to enhance colour, dyeability and fastness properties. Avocado (Persea americana) seed was selected as the natural dye source, plasma activated wool samples were dyed with the extracted colourant and tartaric acid (10% and 20% owf) was used for simultaneous mordanting. All samples exhibited very good washing and dry rubbing fastness grades. It was observed that plasma treated samples have darker and more saturated colours with a persistent hue and increased wet rubbing fastness grades. Applying plasma treatment and using tartaric acid as bio‐mordant provided a noticeable increase in chroma and colour strength, and a slight improvement in fastness to light. Effect of pH of the dye bath on dyeability and the bio‐mordant role of tartaric acid were also investigated for four mordant concentrations (2%, 5%, 10% and 20% owf), and it was detected that using 5% owf or higher concentrations of tartaric acid provided different colour characteristics and dyeability when compared to the dye solutions prepared with inorganic acid. Based on findings of the study, it was concluded that modifying the fabric surface by oxygen plasma can be used to enhance the dyeing performance without causing a major change in the characteristic hue of the colourant extracted from avocado seeds. The use of tartaric acid ‐ solitary or accompanied with plasma treatment ‐ to increase the affinity between the colouring matter and the fibre was also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoextraction of lead (Pb) is a challenging task due to its extremely low mobility within soil and plant systems. In this study, we tested the influence of some novel chelating agents for Pb-phytoextraction using sunflower. The Pb was applied at control (0.0278 mM) and 4.826 mM Pb as Pb(NO3)2 through soil-spiking. After 10 days of Pb addition, four different organic ligands (aspartic, ascorbic, tartaric, and pantothenic acids) were added to the soil at 1 mM concentration each. respectively. In the absence of any chelate, sunflower plants grown at 4.826 mM Pb level accumulated Pb concentrations up to 104 µg g−1 DW in roots, whereas 64 µg g−1 DW in shoot. By contrast, tartaric acid promoted significantly Pb accumulation in roots (191 µg g−1 DW; + 45.5%) and shoot (131.6 µg g−1 DW; + 51.3%). Pantothenic acid also resulted in a significant Pb-uptake in the sunflower shoots (123 µg g−1 DW; + 47.9%) and in roots (177.3 µg g−1 DW; + 41.3%). The least effective amongst the chelates tested was aspartic acid, but it still contributed to + 40.1% more Pb accumulation in the sunflower root and shoots. In addition, plant growth, biochemical, and ionomic parameters were positively regulated by the organic chelates used. Especially, an increase in leaf Ca, P, and S was evident in Pb-stressed plants in response to chelates. These results highlight that the use of biocompatible organic chelates positively alters plant physio-biochemical traits contributing to higher Pb-sequestration in sunflower plant parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic acids are naturally present in plants and exert a positive influence on plant development, which justifies surveying their potential effect on adventitious root (AR) formation. In this study, 0.0298 mol/L (4000 mg/L) of malic acid and 0.0267 mol/L (4000 mg/L) of tartaric acid were used to explore the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acid on the rooting of persimmon rootstock Diospyros lotus L. during cutting propagation. After organic acid treatment, the rooting percentage and the survival rate significantly increased, accompanied by a greater development of lateral roots. Anatomical analysis revealed that Diospyros lotus L. exhibits characteristics that induce root primordia, and organic acid treatment can enhance the differentiation of root primordia. Furthermore, treatment with organic acid led to a substantial decrease in soluble sugar and starch contents, along with a slight increase in soluble protein content during early cutting stages. Additionally, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content peaked in the early stages of AR formation and was significantly higher than that of the control, while abscisic acid (ABA) levels exhibited the opposite trend. Comparatively, gibberellic acid (GA3) remained at extremely low levels throughout the rooting process in the organic acid groups compared to the control. In conclusion, the current study uncovers the anatomical structure over time during AR formation, revealing the dynamic changes in the related main nutrients and hormones and providing new ideas and a new practical approach for improving root regeneration in persimmon rootstock cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar–acid metabolism is a key factor in determining grape quality, and gluconeogenesis is one of the important sugar–acid metabolic pathways. To explore the effects of reduced light intensity on grape berry quality and gluconeogenesis under greenhouse cultivation, we used the 'Shine Muscat' cultivar. With decreasing light intensity, the photosynthetic activity in the grape leaves decreased, resulting in significant reductions in the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration intensity, and stomatal conductance while reducing organic matter accumulation, thus significantly affecting subsequent grape berry quality and gluconeogenesis. Shade treatment inhibited the accumulation of glucose, fructose, and soluble solids in the grape berries but promoted the accumulation of malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. PEPCK and FBP are the key genes underlying the effect of light intensity on gluconeogenesis in grape berries, with PEPCK being involved mainly in tartaric acid metabolism and FBP being involved in malic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic kinetic resolutions of racemic carboxylic acids are important methods for preparing chiral carboxylic acids in their optically active forms. While several effective methods for the catalytic kinetic resolution of chiral α‐tertiary carboxylic acids have been reported, the efficient kinetic resolution of α‐quaternary carboxylic acids remains a significant challenge. In this context, we aimed to develop methods for the kinetic resolution of α‐quaternary carboxylic acids. Our approach involves a BINOL‐derived chiral bifunctional sulfide‐catalyzed bromolactonization technique, which was developed by our research group. In this work, we report the kinetic resolution of α‐allyl‐α‐cinnamyl carboxylic acids bearing an α‐quaternary stereocenter via chemo‐ and stereoselective bromolactonizations. The use of a BINOL‐derived chiral bifunctional sulfide catalyst with a hydroxy group was key for the efficient kinetic resolution of racemic α‐allyl‐α‐cinnamyl carboxylic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the circular bioeconomy the production of optically pure LA from 2nd generation feedstocks would be ideal but it is very challenging. In this paper genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains were created to resolve racemic LA solutions synthesised and produced from the fermentation of organic waste or ensiled grass. Refining LA racemic mixtures into either a D- or L-LA was achieved by cells being able to consume one LA isomer as a sole carbon and energy source while not being able to consume the other. A D-LA refining strain JSP0005 was grown on fermented source-sorted organic household waste and different grass silage leachates, which are 2nd generation feedstocks containing up to 33 g/L lactic acid racemate. In all growth experiments, L-LA was completely removed leaving D-LA as the only LA stereoisomer, i.e. resulting in optically pure D-LA, which also increased by as much as 248.6 % from its starting concentration, corresponding to 38 g/L. The strains resulting from this study are a promising first step towards a microbial based LA biorefining process. [Display omitted] • Genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains yield optically pure lactic acid from racemic mixtures. • These strains could allow racemic lactic acid solutions to be obtained from cheap and abundant 2nd generation feedstocks. • D‐lactic acid was produced while all L-lactic acid was removed from grass silage leachates and fermented organic wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative thermal battery technology has the capability to revolutionize the renewable energy storage market. Its cost-effectiveness, scalability, contribution to CO2 reduction, and lack of reliance on rare earth metals set it apart. Nevertheless, the overall efficiency and sustainability of this technology hinge on crucial factors such as the sources, performance, and cost of the associated phase-change material (PCM). Fatty acid esters with biorenewable origins meet the sustainability criteria yet are limited to low-temperature applications (mostly <70 °C). In this study, we explored a new strategy to fine-tune the operating temperature of esters by adding hydroxyl groups, which are capable of forming H-bonds, positively affecting crystal packing and boosting their thermal properties. OH-group-rich, and biorenewable tartaric and mucic acids were employed as the core of fatty acid esters. Combinations of tartaric acid and fatty alcohols gave sustainable PCMs (confirmed by green chemistry metrics) with high melting enthalpies up to 221 J g−1, improved melting temperatures up to 94 °C, and high stability demonstrated over more than 500 cycles. With the aid of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld surface analyses, we obtained insights into the molecular interactions dictating the extraordinary thermal properties of sugar acid-derived esters, which could be feasible as PCMs for sustainable and inexpensive energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, tartaric acid (C4H6O6) was used as a reductant to treat chromium (VI)-containing solution. Several independent experimental parameters, including reaction temperature, concentration of H2SO4, concentration of C4H6O6 and reaction time, on the reduction process were studied. The results showed that 100% of the Cr (VI) could be reduced by C4H6O6 in a strong acidic environment under a high reaction temperature. All of the experimental parameters showed positive effects on the reduction process and followed the order [H2SO4] > [C4H6O6] > reaction temperature > reaction time. A higher concentration of tartaric acid and higher reaction temperature could facilitate the reduction process and reduce reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-(1-Chloro­eth­yl)-6,7-dimeth­oxy-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­iso­quinoline was synthesized through the reaction of homoveratryl­amine with racemic lactic acid. The formation of two enanti­omers, RR and SS, was detected by performing X-ray diffraction analysis on their chloride salts. The asymmetric unit of the crystal consists of a C13H19ClNO2+ mol­ecular cation and a Cl− anion. Two protonated enanti­omers of the title compound, with RR and SS configurations of the chiral atoms, are connected into hydrogen-bonded dimers bridged by Cl− anions. Weak C—H⋯Cl inter­actions lead to the formation of a chain running along the a-axis direction of the unit cell, which corresponds to the longest dimension (the preferential growth direction) of the needle-shaped monocrystal. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to identify the effects of increased temperature and decreased ultraviolet (UV) exposure on berry characteristics and quality parameters of cv Nebbiolo, identifying the potential risks associated with climate change for the quality of grapes and the identity of Barolo wine. This two-year research (2022 and 2023) was performed in three vineyards, located at different elevations in La Morra (Piedmont, northwestern Italy), monitored from the beginning of veraison to harvest. A split-plot design was set up, applying a passive greenhouse amplifying temperature in the bunch zone ('T' = increased temperature; 'C' = control temperature) and UV-blocking plastics over individual bunches ('1' = full UV exposure; '0' = UV-blocked). Berry weight, skin weight, and juice total soluble solids were measured. Grape skin anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acid tartaric esters were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Both treatments negatively influenced the berry weight but not the skin weight; the increased T had a negative impact on the sugar per berry content. Limited UV and increased temperature negatively impacted total anthocyanins at harvest and on di-hydroxylated anthocyanins. Limited UV-depressed flavonol concentration and high temperature decreased their synthesis. Increased UV promoted cis-p-coumaroyl tartaric acid and decreased trans-p-coumaroyl tartaric acid. The results of this research are valuable for improving the quality production of Nebbiolo through understanding the impacts of increased temperature and alterations to UV exposure expected by climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]